CELLULOSE FILAMENT MEDIUM FOR GROWING PLANT SEEDLINGS

Abstract

Cellulose filament medium for growing plant seedlings, comprising mixture of water and cellulose filaments, the cellulose filaments being at a consistency of between about 4% and 50% in the mixture. Composition of matter suitable for forming a cellulose filament medium for growing plant seedlings, comprising: mixture of water and cellulose filaments, the cellulose filaments being at a consistency of between about 28% and 35% in the mixture. Method of forming a medium for growing plant seedlings, comprising: adding a sufficient amount of water to a mixture of water and cellulose filaments, the cellulose filaments being at a consistency of between about 28% and 35% in the mixture, to lower the consistency to between about 14% to 27%. Method of growing plant seedlings comprising: implanting plant seeds in a mixture of water and cellulose filaments, the cellulose filaments being at a consistency of between about 4% and 50% in the mixture.

Claims

1. A plant seedlings growth composition, comprising: a mixture of cellulose filaments and an aqueous liquid, wherein the cellulose filaments are at a consistency of between about 4% and 50% in the mixture.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cellulose filaments are untreated or treated.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the medium is treated to enhance the cation exchange capacity of the medium by adding enhancers, wherein the enhancers are selected from the group consisting of: charged groups substituted onto the filaments; peats; clays; nanoclays; and combinations thereof.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the mixture is substantially free of soil.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cellulose filaments are never-dried cellulose filaments.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cellulose filaments have an average aspect ratio from about 200 to about 5000; an average width from about 30 nm to about 500 nm; and an average length of about 200 m to about 2 mm.

7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the cellulose filaments are at a consistency of between about 28% and 35% in the mixture.

8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the cellulose filaments are unbleached.

9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the cellulose filaments have an average aspect ratio from about 200 to about 5000; an average width from about 30 nm to about 500 nm; and an average length of about 200 m to about 2 mm.

10. A method of forming a plant seedlings growth composition, comprising: preparing a mixture of cellulose filaments and an aqueous liquid, the cellulose filaments being at a consistency of between about 4% and 50% in the mixture; and lowering the consistency of the cellulose filaments to between about 284% to 35% in the mixture.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the consistency of the cellulose filaments is further lowered to about 14% to 27% in the mixture.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the cellulose filaments are unbleached.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the cellulose filaments are untreated or treated.

14. The method of claim 10, further comprising treating the mixture to enhance the cation exchange capacity of the mixture, wherein the treating comprises adding enhancers, wherein the enhancers are selected from the group consisting of: charged groups substituted onto the cellulose filaments; peats; clays; nanoclays; and combinations thereof.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein the cellulose filaments have an average aspect ratio from about 200 to about 5000; an average width from about 30 nm to about 500 nm; and an average length of about 200 m to about 2 mm.

16. A method of growing plant seedlings comprising: implanting plant seeds in a mixture of cellulose filaments and an aqueous liquid, wherein the cellulose filaments are at a consistency of between about 4% and 50% in the mixture.

17. The method of growing plant seedlings of claim 16, further comprising treating the mixture to enhance the cation exchange capacity of the mixture, wherein the treating comprising enhancers, wherein the enhancers are selected from the group consisting of: charged groups substituted onto the cellulose filaments; peats; clays; nanoclays; and combinations thereof.

18. The method of growing plant seedlings of claim 17, wherein the cellulose filaments have an average aspect ratio from about 200 to about 5000; an average width from about 30 nm to about 500 nm; and an average length of about 200 m to about 2 mm.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0082] For a better understanding of the present technology, as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, where:

[0083] FIG. 1 shows microgreens growing in a cellulosic filament medium for growing plant seedlings of the present technology.

[0084] FIG. 2 shows microgreens growing in a cellulosic filament medium for growing plant seedlings of the present technology.

[0085] FIG. 3 shows the root system of microgreens growing in a cellulosic filament medium for growing plants of the present technology.

[0086] FIG. 4 shows cellulosic filaments of a consistency of between about 28% and 35% used to make cellulosic filament medium for growing plants, being an embodiment of the present technology.

[0087] FIG. 5 shows a jar of cellulosic filaments of a consistency of between about 16% and 20% being cellulosic filament medium for growing plants, being an embodiment of the present technology.

[0088] FIG. 6 shows a graph of the water release rate of cellulose filaments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0089] Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown cellulose filaments being of a consistency of between about 28% and 35%. At this consistency, the cellulose filaments are akin to Play-Doh modelling compound. The cellulose filaments shown in FIG. 4 have been made from Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp according to the process described in the US '947 Publication. They have not been dried nor otherwise treated. No other materials have been added. The cellulose filaments have an aspect ratio from about 200 to about 5000, a width from about 30 nm to about 500 nm, and a length of about 200 m to about 2 mm. (Averages were not calculated.) Samples of this cellulose filament material are available from Kruger Inc. of Montral, Qubec, Canada.

[0090] Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown cellulose filaments being of a consistency of between about 16% and 20% in a jar. At this consistency, the cellulose filaments are akin to a fine wet cement. The cellulose filaments shown in the jar in FIG. 5 have been made from Northern Unbleached Softwood Kraft pulp according to the process described in the US '947 Publication. During their production, the cellulose filaments were not dried nor otherwise treated. No other materials were added during their production. As the process described in the US '947 Publication produces cellulose filaments at a consistency of between about 28% and 35%, after having been produced by that process, the cellulose filament were placed in a small industrial blender and water was added and mixed in to bring the consistency down to between about 16% and 20%. No other materials were added. The pH of the solution was between about 5.7 and 6.9, which is considered neutral for plant seedling growth purposes. The cellulose filaments have an aspect ratio from about 200 to about 5000, a width from about 30 nm to about 500 nm, and a length of about 200 m to about 2 mm. (Averages were not calculated.) Samples of this cellulose filament material are available from Ferme Urbaine Brassard in Trois-Rivires, Qubec, Canada.

[0091] Once the cellulose filaments of the desired consistency of between about 16% and 20% were obtained, about a layer of 1 inch was poured into bio-plastic see-through containers, seeds were sprinkled on top of the layer, and a cover was placed on the container. The containers were then left in the dark for a few days (the amount of time depending on the variety of the seeds usedthe needs of each plant being typically different), and the seeds germinated. The containers were taken out of the darkness and left in sunlight for several days until the plant seedlings had grown to the point where they could be harvested as microgreens. (Again, this timing varies according to plant type.) The microgreens were then harvested by cutting the plant seedlings at the stem above the seed remnants.

[0092] It was found that for most plant varieties, as long as the cover remained on the container, watering the plant seedlings was not necessary. The cellulose filaments provided the growing seedlings with sufficient amounts of water. Without wishing to be bound any particular theory, the water retention capacity of cellulose filaments (5.170.1 and 5.680.13 (grams of water per gram of dry cellulose filaments) (depending on the refining energy used to make the cellulose filaments) tested with the CPVQ method (field capacity) is higher than the highest result obtained for peat moss (3.9 grams of water per gram of dry cellulose filaments). (Peat moss being a material generally considered to have a high water retention.) (And, as with this method the cellulose filaments are simply watered and not dispersed, it does not represent their true water retention potential. To reach their full potential, the cellulose filaments must be dispersed in water with a mixer without blades (preferably) or a blender. Thus, cellulose filaments (having the consistency noted above) are alone (in the tested cases at least) able to furnish the growing plant seedlings with sufficient amounts of water from them to grow to the stage where they are ready to be harvested as microgreens (when the seedlings are being grown in a covered container).

[0093] Further, referring to FIG. 6, there is shown the water release rate of cellulose filaments as a function the duration of exposure of the cellulose filaments at various levels of ambient relative humidity (RH) levels. The figure indicates that irrespective of the ambient relative humidity fully saturated cellulose filaments can release all of their imbibed water. The figure also shows that the water release rate is fast at lower ambient relative humidity levels but very slow at high ambient relative humidity level. For example, as 20% RH, the cellulose filament releases all its retained water within 6 hours. By contrast, for RH levels of 50%, 70%, and 90%, the plateauing of the water release rate took further time; namely 1, 7, and 14 days, respectively. The observed slow water release rate at higher ambient relative humidity levels can be viewed advantageous since the cellulose filaments release their water over an extended period as the plant needs hydration. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, this is beneficial for growing plant seedlings in covered containers to their being ready for harvesting as microgreens, as this process takes approximately 10 days. If the relative humidity in the environment is approximately 80% or above, watering the plant seedlings will not be necessary given the water release rate of the cellulose filaments.

[0094] It was also found, however, that if the plant seedlings were grown without the cover being present, then watering the cellulose filaments/seedlings was necessary. Tests showed that they need to be watered at least once a day during the darkness period (described above) and at least 2 times a day during the light period (described above) when they are in an ambient environment of about 20 C., about 85% humidity, and moderate to high breezes. But the watering frequency (without being grown in a covered container) was found to vary greatly and depended on multiple factors (e.g., the environment, the plant type, the number of seed, etc.)

[0095] In any case, the cellulose filaments were, and should be, maintained wet for plant seedling growth purposes, as plants need water to live and growth. (Cellulose filaments can dry out during plant growth if not watered enough and/or if, at the end of the growth to the microgreen stage, the plants are kept in the refrigerator for too long.)

[0096] The above process was repeated with an array of different plants that are typically consumed as microgreens, including the following: [0097] Dill [0098] Basil [0099] Thai Basil [0100] Swiss Chard [0101] Beet [0102] Bok Choy [0103] Broccoli [0104] Purple Kohlrabi (German Turnip) [0105] Coriander [0106] Fenugreek [0107] Mung Bean [0108] Kale [0109] Alfalfa [0110] Popcorn [0111] Onion [0112] Green Peas [0113] Snow Peas [0114] Red Radish [0115] Pink Radish [0116] Arugula [0117] Buckwheat [0118] Black-eyed Susan (Sunflower) [0119] Red Clover [0120] Wasabi

[0121] All of the above listed plant seeds grew into plant seedlings and were harvestable as microgreens as described above.

[0122] FIG. 1 shows two different varieties of plant seedlings that have been grown in a cellulose filament growth medium as described above. These plant seedlings are ready for harvesting as microgreens. The plant seedlings in the container on the left in the figure are radish (the container cover has been removed on the uppermost container to better show the plant seedlings). The plant seedlings in the container on the right in the figure are clover (the container cover has been removed on the uppermost container to better show the plant seedlings). Containers similar to these with plant seedlings ready for harvesting are commercially available from Ferme Urbaine Brassard in Trois-Rivires, Quebec, Canada.

[0123] FIG. 2 shows a different variety of plant seedlings that have been grown in a cellulose filament growth medium as described above; namely, sunflower. These plant seedlings are ready for harvesting as microgreens. The container cover has been removed to better show the plant seedlings. Again, containers such as this one with plant seedlings ready for harvesting are commercially available from Ferme Urbaine Brassard in Trois-Rivires, Quebec, Canada.

[0124] FIG. 3 shows sunflower seedlings similar to those of FIG. 2. The sunflower seedlings have been lifted together out of the container in which they were being grown. The underside, which can be seen in the figure, is a mesh of the root structures of the various plant seedlings and the cellulose filaments. As can also be seen in the figure, the cellulose filament material does not run or drip, it remains intermeshed with the root structures. The plant roots structures were able to penetrate and grow within the cellulose filament material.

Definitions

[0125] Unless otherwise indicated, the definitions and embodiments/implementations described in this and other sections are intended to be applicable to all embodiments, implementations and aspects of the present disclosure herein described for which they are suitable as would be understood by a person skilled in the art.

[0126] As used in the present disclosure, the singular forms a, an and the include plural references unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. For example, an embodiment including a component should be understood to present certain aspects with one component, or two or more additional components.

[0127] In embodiments comprising an additional or second component, such as an additional or second fiber, the second component as used herein is different from the other components or first component. A third component is different from the other, first, and second components, and further enumerated or additional components are similarly different.

[0128] In understanding the scope of the present disclosure, the term comprising and its derivatives, as used herein, are intended to be open ended terms that specify the presence of the stated features, elements, components, groups, integers, and/or steps, but do not exclude the presence of other unstated features, elements, components, groups, integers and/or steps. The foregoing also applies to words having similar meanings such as the terms, including, having and their derivatives. The term consisting and its derivatives, as used herein, are intended to be closed terms that specify the presence of the stated features, elements, components, groups, integers, and/or steps, but exclude the presence of other unstated features, elements, components, groups, integers and/or steps. The term consisting essentially of, as used herein, is intended to specify the presence of the stated features, elements, components, groups, integers, and/or steps as well as those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of features, elements, components, groups, integers, and/or steps.

[0129] Terms of degree such as about, approximately and similar as used herein mean a reasonable amount of deviation of the modified term such that the end result is not significantly changed. These terms of degree should be construed as including a deviation of at least 5% or at least 10% of the modified term if this deviation would not negate the meaning of the word it modifies.

[0130] Modifications and improvements to the above-described implementations of the present technology may become apparent to those skilled in the art. The foregoing description is intended to be exemplary rather than limiting. The scope of the present technology is therefore intended to be limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.