Method and devices for obtaining energy from the earth's gravitational force, and device for introducing a working body into a liquid

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for obtaining energy from the Earth's gravitational force, in particular for producing a rotational movement, which method is designed in such a way that working bodies are introduced into a liquid column or into communicating liquid columns by introducing devices, the action of which is oriented toward one another, counter to the water pressure, in such a way that the force/energy needed for the introduction into the (one) liquid column is at least partly compensated by a force/energy resulting from the same or other liquid column. A device for producing rotational movement uses the method according to the invention.

Claims

1. A method for generating a rotational movement using the earth's gravitational force, comprising: introducing working bodies, via a pair of introducing devices acting in opposition to one another, into communicating liquid containers including a first liquid container and a second liquid container, each holding liquid, and counter to a liquid pressure within the liquid containers, such that a force of introduction into one of the liquid containers is at least partially compensated for by a force resulting from the other of the liquid containers minimizing an energy necessary for the introduction, receiving, through an engine driving unit, an energy input at the introducing devices in a range of a portion of the force that is not compensated, and controlling, via a drive piston disposed between the first liquid container and the second liquid container, both introducing devices through a back and forth movement, thereby causing an alternating introduction of the working bodies into the liquid of the liquid containers.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: supporting the introduction force via a hydraulic connection of inner regions of each of the introducing devices.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: forming hollow chambers counter to the liquid pressure of a liquid container applied thereto, through which the working bodies are insertable into the liquid containers in an alternating manner.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the introducing devices are oriented in mirror-symmetry to one another.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the engine driving unit comprises a motor, the drive piston is moved by the motor, and wherein operation of the drive piston is reproducible.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the drive piston is provides for reciprocal use of liquid pressure in the first liquid container and the second liquid container.

7. The method according to claim 1, wvherein each introducing device has a housing, a fluid gate, and a fluid gate chamber disposed within the housing, the method further comprising: receiving a working body in the fluid gate chamber when the working body is introduced into the liquid, and displacing the fluid gate chamber with the drive piston.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method uses buoyancy and gravity of the working bodies to generate the rotational movement, further comprising: receiving, within the liquid containers, the same liquid.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) There are now various possibilities for embodying and developing the teachings of the present invention in an advantageous manner. For this, reference is made, on one hand, to the subordinate Claims, and on the other hand to the following explanations of preferred exemplary embodiments of the teachings according to the invention, based on the drawings. In conjunction with the preferred exemplary embodiments of the teachings according to the invention based on the drawings, preferred designs and developments of the teachings shall also be explained in general. In the drawings,

(2) FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic illustration, an exemplary embodiment of a device for generating a rotational movement according to the invention,

(3) FIG. 2 shows, in a schematic illustration, an enlargement of a part of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1,

(4) FIG. 3 shows, in a schematic illustration, an enlargement of a section of the intake of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1,

(5) FIG. 4 shows, in a schematic illustration, an enlargement of a section from FIG. 3, in a subsequent operating state, and

(6) FIG. 5 shows, in a schematic illustration, an enlargement of the section from FIG. 4, in a further, subsequent operating state.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(7) FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic illustration, an exemplary embodiment of a device for alternating introductions of working bodies 7 into corresponding liquid containers, in order to use the buoyancy and gravity of the working body 7 to generate a rotational movement, wherein the corresponding liquid containers are formed here, by way of example, as two separate containers, container 2 and container 12, each of which is filled with the same liquid 1.

(8) A first buoyancy conveyor 3 having revolving receiving elements 4 for a working body 7 buoyed upward in the liquid 1 from a lower region 5 of the liquid 1 into an upper region 6 of the liquid is disposed in the liquid 1 of the container 2. The buoyancy conveyor 3 extends somewhat over the upper level of the liquid 1 thereby. A first gravitational conveyor 8 with revolving receiving elements 9 for working bodies 7 is disposed outside of and substantially adjacent to the liquid 1, operationally connected to the first buoyancy conveyor 3. The operational connection between the first buoyancy conveyor 3 and the first gravitational conveyor 8 is obtained via a belt 18 or a chain, which synchronizes a continuous revolving movement of the buoyancy and gravitational conveyors 3 and 8. The belt 18 is guided over corresponding axles 19.

(9) A working body 7 buoyed into the upper region 6 is moved from a first receiving element 4 of the first buoyancy conveyor 3 by means of an output 10 to a receiving element 9 of the first gravitational conveyor 8, in order to enable transport thereof to the lower end of the gravitational conveyor 8. The output 10 is configured as a slide in the exemplary embodiment shown here, such that a working body 7 can slide or roll from one receiving element 4 to another receiving element 9, i.e. it takes this path without additional help. After the working body 7 has been received by a receiving element 9, it drives the gravitational conveyor 8 due to the gravity acting on it, and moves thereby to the lower end of the gravitational conveyor 3.

(10) At the lower end of the gravitational conveyor 8, the working body 7 is introduced into the lower region 5 of the liquid 1 by means of an introducing device 11, to be received by a receiving element 4 of the first buoyancy conveyor 3, and to float upward in the liquid 1. In this manner, the first buoyancy conveyor 3 is driven in a rotational manner through buoyancy, and the first gravitational conveyor 8 is driven in a rotational manner through gravity.

(11) In order to significantly reduce the insertion energy required for the effective functioning of the introducing device to introduce the working body 7 into the container 2, a second container 12 is needed, having the same construction and function as the first container 2, which is disposed at a spacing thereto. The container 12 is likewise filled with the same liquid 1, and has second buoyancy and gravitational conveyors 13 and 14, corresponding to the first buoyancy and gravitational conveyors 3, 8, that are constructed in the same manner and operationally connected, and which have a corresponding output 15 and a corresponding introducing device 16 for working bodies 7. The second buoyancy conveyor 13 likewise has receiving elements 4. The second gravitational conveyor 14 has corresponding receiving elements 9. An operational connection between the second buoyancy conveyor 13 and the second gravitational conveyor 14 is likewise obtained by means of a belt 18. The receiving elements 4 and 9 are designed such that they can advantageously accommodate the respective shape of the working bodies 7.

(12) The containers 2 and 12 are have substantially the same construction, and are ideally disposed mirror-symmetrically.

(13) A drive piston 17 is disposed between the first container 2 and the second container 12, which controls the two introducing devices 11 and 16 through a back and forth movement, which causes an alternating introduction of the working bodies 7 into the liquid 1 of the first container 2 and into the liquid 1 of the second container 12. This assembly allows for the reciprocal use of the water pressure in the containers 2 and 12, which acts on the fluid gate chambers 23, the fluid gate flaps 27, and briefly, during the opening of the fluid gate flaps 27, on the pressure piston 24 as well. The working bodies 7 are introduced into the lower regions 5 of the two containers 2 and 12.

(14) The containers 2, 12, are connected in terms of flow via a line 20 extending between the two containers 2, 12, wherein the line 20 is disposed below the drive piston 17, and opens at each end into the lower region 5 of the liquid 1 in the first container 2 and in the second container 12. As a result, the levels of the liquid 1 in the first container 2 and in the second container 12 are the same at every point in time of the movement of the piston in the drive piston 17.

(15) The introducing devices 11, 16 each have a fluid gate 21 with a housing 22. A fluid gate chamber 23 is disposed in the housing 22, which can be displaced with the drive piston via a hydraulic or mechanical translation. The fluid gate chamber 23 accommodates the working body 7 during the introduction of the working body 7 into the liquid 1. The introducing devices 11 and 16 are basically designed such that they are mirror-symmetrical in relation to the drive piston 17, which is located in the middle, between the introducing devices 11 and 16. A pressure piston 24 is disposed in each of the fluid gate chambers 23, which can likewise be displaced with the drive piston 17, and in relation to the respective fluid gate chamber 23. The pressure piston 24 primarily transfers the pressure of the liquid 1 in the containers 2 and 12 to the hydraulic translation. In concrete terms, the pressure piston 24 extends through the housing 22 and into the fluid gate chamber 23 disposed in the housing 22. The fluid gate chamber 23 that can be displaced in the housing 22 is thus basically disposed between the housing 22 and the pressure piston 24.

(16) Both the fluid gate chamber 23 as well as the pressure piston 24 are each coupled by means of a combination comprising a hydraulic system and a mechanical system to the drive piston 17, wherein the displacement of the fluid gate chamber 23 and the pressure piston 24 takes place in a respective housing 22 with different translations/reductions. In other words, the fluid gate chamber 23 travels a greater distance in its back and forth movement in the housing 22 than a pressure piston 24 in its back and forth movement in relation to the housing 22. As a result of this difference, a hollow space is opened in the fluid gate chamber 23 when the fluid gate chamber 23 is displaced in relation to the pressure piston 24 toward the container 2, into which the working body 7 can then be introduced.

(17) A hydraulic cylinder 26 extends in each case between the drive piston 17 and the respective housing 22, into which the piston rod 25 of the respective pressure piston 24 extends. This hydraulic cylinder 26 is preferably cylindrical, and forms a stop for a movement of the pressure piston 24 toward the liquid 1.

(18) The housings 22 each have a closure element 33 that can be moved between a closed position and an open position, preferably in the form of a flap. Moreover, the fluid gate chambers 23 have a corresponding passage 38, such that the working body 7 can be introduced into the respective fluid gate chamber 23 through the closure element 33 and the passage 38. The closure element 33 is preferably located in the proximity of the receiving element 9 of the gravitational conveyor 8 or 14, respectively, that transports the working body 7 downward. The introduction of the working body 7 into the respective fluid gate chamber 23 takes place in an operating state, in which the closure element 33 of the housing 22 is open, and the fluid gate chamber 23 is in a displacement position in which the passage 38 of the fluid gate chamber 23 is aligned with an opening in the housing 22 formed by the open closure element 33. In this operating position, a working body 7 can be introduced into the fluid gate chamber 23 from outside the housing 22.

(19) To remove the working body 7 from the fluid gate chamber 23 into the lower region 5 of the liquid 1, the fluid gate chambers 23 each have a closing mechanism disposed in an end region of the fluid gate chambers 23 facing the liquid 1, which can be moved between a closed position and an open position, preferably having two pivotable fluid gate flaps 27. The fluid gate flaps 27 form a seal of the fluid gate chamber 23 against the liquid 1 when in the closed position. In this closed position, a working body 7 can be introduced into the fluid gate chamber 23. The collective pressure of the liquid 1 bears on the fluid gate chamber 23 when the fluid gate flaps 27 are closed, and the pressure piston 24 is then subjected to pressure. The closing mechanism having the fluid gate flaps 27 also has a passage 34, shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, such that in this closed position, the liquid 1 can flow at a predefined rate into the respective fluid gate chamber 23. The fluid gate chamber 23 is continuously filled with liquid 1 through this passage 34, after the working body 7 has been introduced into the fluid gate chamber 23, and, optionally, also during and/or briefly prior to this introduction, such that the fluid gate chamber 23 is completely filled with liquid 1 shortly before opening the fluid gate flaps 27, a pressure equalization is obtained, and as a result, a pivoting of the fluid gate flaps 27 to open the fluid gate chamber 23 and remove the working body 7 in the liquid 1 is enabled, due to pressure equalization that has taken place between the fluid gate chamber 23 and the lower region 5 of the container 2, without an undesired pressure shock. When the fluid gate flaps 27 are open, the fluid gate chamber 23 and the pressure piston 24 move away from the lower region 5 of the liquid 1 and away from the working body 7, until the fluid gate flaps 27 close again behind the working body 7, as soon as they have reached the end surface of the pressure piston 24. After closing the fluid gate flaps 27, both the pressure piston 24 as well as the fluid gate chamber 23 are displaced back toward the lower region 5 of the liquid 1. The fluid gate chamber 23 conveys the working body 7 toward the lower region 5 of the container 2 thereby, because it is located in front of the closed fluid gate flaps 27. The pressure piston 24 extends in this displacement up to its stopping point, formed by the piston rod 25 on the housing 22. Because the fluid gate chamber 23 is displaced further than the pressure piston 24, a hollow space is formed in the fluid gate chamber 23, into which a further working body 7 can subsequently be introduced. As a result, it is possible to continuously remove and introduce working bodies 7 from the fluid gate chamber 23 into the liquid 1, or into the fluid gate chamber 23, respectively.

(20) The working body 7 is placed in the fluid gate chamber 23 during a movement thereof toward the liquid 1. A removal of the working body 7 from the fluid gate chamber 23 into the liquid 1 takes place indirectly, through a displacement of the fluid gate chamber 23 away from the liquid 1. Advantageously, the upper edge or upper region of the fluid gate chamber 23, at the end of the fluid gate chamber 23 facing the liquid 1—toward the buoyancy conveyor 3, or 13—can be configured such that it slants, at least slightly, upward, such that a working body 7 is moved, due to the buoyancy acting on it, from the fluid gate chamber 23 to the buoyancy conveyor 3 or 13. After the fluid gate chamber 23 and the pressure piston 24 have been driven far enough away from the working body 7, the fluid gate flaps 27 close again. In the position of the fluid gate chamber furthest away from the liquid 1, the pressure piston is in the region of the fluid gate flaps 27 or bears directly on the fluid gate flaps 27, which are in the closed position in this operating state. Subsequently, the fluid gate chamber 23 is moved back toward the liquid 1 by means of the drive piston 17 and supported by the pressure of the second, opposing container, wherein a new working body 7 is introduced into the fluid gate chamber 23 during this movement. The introduction of the working body 7 into the fluid gate chamber 23 takes place in each case at the point in time when the fluid gate chamber 23 has formed a sufficiently large space through relative displacement of the fluid gate chamber 23 in relation to the pressure piston 24, and is closed when the fluid gate chamber 23 is in the displacement position closest to the liquid 1. In this position, the pressure piston 24 is as far as possible from the end of the fluid gate chamber 23 facing away from the liquid 1.

(21) The subsequent movement of the fluid gate chamber 23 away from the liquid 1 first takes place before the pressure piston 24 moves, such that the working body 7 located in the fluid gate chamber 23 is moved toward the fluid gate flaps 27 in relation to the displaced fluid gate chamber by means of the stationary pressure piston 24. Thus, the working body 7 located in the fluid gate chamber 23 does not move during the procedure described above when the system is inert. During this movement of the fluid gate chamber 23 away from the liquid 1, liquid 1 flows in through the passage 34 of the closing mechanism.

(22) After the fluid gate chamber 23 is completely filled with liquid 1, the fluid gate flaps 27 open, and the fluid gate chamber 23, as well as the pressure piston 24, move back away from the lower region 5 of the liquid 1. After the fluid gate flaps 27 close, the working body 7 is removed from the fluid gate. At this point in time, the pressure piston 24 bears on the fluid gate flaps 27 with its end surface. A formation of a hollow space takes place again inside the fluid gate chamber 23, in that the fluid gate chamber 23 is displaced back toward the lower region 5 of the liquid 1 with the fluid gate flaps 27 closed, and the pressure piston 24 travels in this direction until it reaches the stop.

(23) The drive piston, as part of the drive unit 17, is moved back and forth by means of an external energy source, preferably an electric motor, to control the introducing devices 11 and 16. The coupling of the introducing devices 11 and 16 with the drive piston, and more precisely, the fluid gate chambers 23 and the pressure pistons 24 with the drive piston, obtained by means of a hydraulic and mechanical system, facilitates and supports the displacement of the fluid gate chamber 23 to the respective containers 2 and 12, which takes place counter to the liquid pressure generated by the liquid 1 in the containers 2 and 12, due to the liquid pressure generated by the liquid 1 in the respective other container, which is transferred via the overall mechanical and hydraulic system. The force that is to be applied by the electric motor of the drive piston, in order to displace the fluid gate chamber 23 toward a liquid 1 is thus substantially lower than with an assembly having only one container 2, and without a corresponding second container 12. In other words, with the alternating introduction of working bodies 7 into the two containers 2 and 12—due to the coupling of the fluid gate chambers 23 and pressure pistons of both introducing devices 11 and 16—with each introduction of a working body 7 into the liquid 1 of the containers 2 and 12, the introduction and movement of the fluid gate chamber 23 and the pressure piston 24 is supported due to the liquid pressure of the liquid 1 in the respective other container 2 or 12.

(24) FIG. 2 shows, in a schematic and enlarged illustration, a section of the device from FIG. 1, wherein the view comprises the container 2. Fundamentally, reference may be made to the detailed description of FIG. 1 for the detailed explanation of FIG. 2, in order to avoid repetition.

(25) In addition to the components and functions already described therein, FIG. 2 shows the coupling of the drive piston 17 to the fluid gate chamber 23 and the pressure piston 24 via a hydraulic fluid 28, and an assembly composed of a large outer piston 29 with a smaller inner piston 30 that can be displaced therein. Moreover, the device has a slider 31, which forms a stop for a movement of the inner piston 30 away from the liquid 1.

(26) FIGS. 1 and 2 show the fluid gate chamber 23 in its position where it has been displaced as close as possible to the liquid 1. Moreover, the pressure piston 24 in FIGS. 1 and 2 is also moved to its position closest to the liquid 1. Accordingly, the pressure piston 24 shown in FIG. 1, and the fluid gate chamber 24 of the introducing device 16 of the second container 12 shown in FIG. 1, are in the position that is furthest away from the liquid 1 of the container 12 in this operating state.

(27) FIGS. 3 to 5 show, in an enlarged depiction, the introducing device 11 of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1, in various operating states. FIG. 3 shows the operating state in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 2. The fluid gate chamber 23 and the pressure piston 24 are in their positions, moved furthest out in relation to the housing 22, i.e. closest to the liquid 1 of the container 2. In this operating state, a working body 7 is already located directly in front of the again closed fluid gate flaps 27 in the liquid 1, and another working body 7 is then entirely in the fluid gate chamber 23, wherein it is positioned directly in front of the pressure piston 24. In FIG. 3, the state is shown in which, on one hand, the closure element 33 in the form of a flap on the housing 22 is open, and on the other hand, the passage 38 in the fluid gate chamber 23 for the working body 7 is aligned therewith, such that a working body 7 can be introduced into the fluid gate chamber 23. The closure element 33 and the passage 38 are not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for purposes of clarity.

(28) Furthermore, the structure of the region between the drive piston and the housing 22 can be seen clearly in FIGS. 3 to 5. This region has, on one hand, mechanical components, and on the other hand, three separate chambers, each of which is filled with a hydraulic fluid 38, in order to transfer forces from the drive piston to the fluid gate chamber 23 and the pressure piston 24. In concrete terms, two chambers filled with hydraulic fluid 28 are formed in the hydraulic cylinder 26. A substantially cylindrical inner chamber 35 is surrounded by a second outer chamber 36 thereby, which is preferably also cylindrical. The outer chamber 36 is in an operative connection with an outer piston 29 at its piston rod 39, while at the other end, the outer chamber 36 abuts the piston rod 25 of the pressure piston 24. The position of the active surfaces of the piston rods 39 and 25 do not change with respect to the outer chamber 36, while the movement of the active surfaces of the inner chamber 35 can be hydraulically translated on the part of the work piston 17. In order to obtain the relative movement of the pressure piston 24 to the fluid gate chamber 23, the movements of the active surfaces of the inner chamber 35 must be translated by the work piston 17, such that the active surfaces encompass the inner piston 30 and a part of the outer piston 29. Both the pressure piston 24 as well as the fluid gate chamber 23 are displaced thereby, but at different speeds, due to the hydraulic translation—this applies to both directions. If the fluid gate chamber 23 is displaced further toward the liquid column, after the pressure piston 24 has reached its stop, then only the inner piston 30 forms the active surfaces for the hydraulic chamber 35 on the part of the work piston 17. On the other side of the inner chamber 35, the hydraulic fluid 38 is in contact with the piston rod 32 of the fluid gate chamber 23.

(29) A further first chamber 37, filled with hydraulic fluid 28, is formed between the outer piston 29 and the drive piston, into which a slider 31 can be inserted at a predefined section of the outer piston 29, which effectively connects the inner piston and the outer piston 29 in terms of force transfer, when inserted, specifically in the manner of a positive force coupling. When the slider 31 is closed, the inner piston 30 and the outer piston 29 are displaced jointly. The slider 31 is then inserted when the inner piston 30 has been fully inserted into the outer piston 29. When it is displaced toward the working piston 17, both the pressure piston 24 as well as the fluid gate chamber 23 are subjected pressure by the liquid 1, while only the fluid gate chamber 23 is subjected to pressure when it displaced toward the liquid column 1.

(30) FIG. 4 shows an operating state following the operating state in FIG. 3, in which the fluid gate chamber 23 is pushed away from the liquid 1, until it is basically halfway into the housing 22. The pressure piston 24 does not yet move in relation to the stationary housing 22 during this inward movement, but instead, only in relation to the fluid gate chamber 23. As a result, the working body 7 is then directly in front of the still closed fluid gate flaps 27. Both the piston rod 32 of the fluid gate chamber 23, as well as the inner piston 30 are likewise moved toward the drive piston by this, wherein the drive piston also travels a shorter distance from the container 2, due to the translation. In this state, the slider 31 is closed, wherein the inner piston 30 moves toward the drive piston only as far as the slider 31.

(31) In the later operating state shown in FIG. 5, the fluid gate chamber 23 is moved entirely into the housing 22, wherein the fluid gate flaps 27 are briefly opened between the operating states in accordance with FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, in order to remove the working body 7, and subsequently closed. Consequently, the working body 7 is then located outside the chamber 23, initially directly in front of the fluid gate flaps 27, and shortly thereafter, in the lower region 5 of the container 2. At the same time, the pressure piston 24 has moved further in relation to the fluid gate chamber 23, as far as the fluid gate flaps 27. Simultaneous, the pressure piston 24 has moved slightly toward the drive piston in relation to the housing 22. This can be seen at both ends of the piston rods 25 of the pressure piston 24, which have moved away from the housing 22, toward the drive piston. With the movement of the fluid gate chamber 23, the piston rod 32 also moves the fluid gate chamber 23 further toward the drive piston. At the same time, the outer piston 29 moves the same distance as the pressure piston 24 toward the drive piston.

(32) In the operating state shown in FIG. 5, in which the fluid gate chamber 23 is fully moved into the housing 22, the fluid gate chamber 23 of the introducing device 16 of the second container 12 is located at its position where it has been pushed furthest out, and thus toward the liquid 1 of the container 12. During the alternating introduction of the working body 7 into the fluid gate chambers 23 of the introducing devices 11 and 16, the fluid gate chambers 23 move, alternatingly, between a position moved out of the housing 22 and a position in which they are moved into the housing 22. In a corresponding manner, the drive piston moves back and forth between the containers 2 and 12.

(33) In short, the substantial functionality of the system, corresponding to the operating states described above, can be described as follows:

(34) The two introducing devices, disposed mirror-symmetrically, are structurally designed and connected via a hydraulic system, such that fluid gate chambers and pressure pistons can execute both back and forth movements, as well as movements relative to one another, which ultimately make it possible for the working bodies to be introduced into the liquid after the pressure has been equalized during the displacement and after opening the fluid gate flaps. This procedure is supported by the skillfully translated pressure of the respective corresponding liquid columns, which bear on the mirror-symmetrically disposed other introducing device, in particular on its fluid gate chamber, if they are closed, and on the pressure piston if they are open, and is furthermore supported by drive piston that is powered externally by a motor.

(35) With regard to further advantageous designs of the devices according to the invention, and the method according to the invention, reference is made to the general description as well as to the attached Claims, in order to avoid repetition.

(36) Lastly, it should be expressly noted that the exemplary embodiments described above serve only as explanations of the claimed teachings, which are not, however, limited to these exemplary embodiments.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

(37) 1 liquid, liquid column 2 first container 3 first buoyancy conveyor 4 receiving element 5 lower region 6 upper region 7 working body 8 first gravitational conveyor 9 receiving element 10 outlet 11 introducing device 12 second container 13 second buoyancy conveyor 14 second gravitational conveyor 15 outlet 16 introducing device 17 drive unit, drive piston 18 belt 19 axle 20 line 21 fluid gate 22 housing 23 fluid gate chamber 24 pressure piston 25 piston rod of the pressure piston 26 hydraulic cylinder 27 fluid gate flap 28 hydraulic fluid 29 outer piston 32 piston rod of the fluid gate chamber 33 closure element, flap 34 passage through the fluid gate flaps 35 inner chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 36 outer chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 37 first chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 38 passage through the fluid gate chamber 39 piston rod of the outer piston