CONSTRUCTION MONOLITHIC MODULE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE (VARIANTS)

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction field and concerns embodiments of a construction monolithic module of reinforced concrete, the module consists of vertical columns which are connected by lower and upper longitudinal and transverse crossbars, and floor and ceiling elements which are formed by horizontal floorings between the lower and upper crossbars and the columns. According to the invention, the columns are made with a L-shaped cross section and oriented with their corners outwardly, the crossbars are connected to the columns flush with their external surface, beams are arranged between the crossbars and connected to a lower surface of the horizontal floorings and internal surfaces of the longitudinal crossbars as well as equally spaced from each other and from the transverse crossbars. A height of the cross section of the beams is smaller than a height of the cross section of the crossbars, a height of the cross section of the upper crossbars is greater than a height of the cross section of the lower crossbars, and a thickness of the horizontal flooring of the ceiling element is smaller than a thickness of the horizontal flooring of the floor. The columns have support portions which protrude outside the floor elements, and the power portion of the floor element is provided with at least four symmetrically arranged intermediate supports which are secured on the power portions of the longitudinal crossbars within gaps between the beams, as well as equally spaced from the vertical columns and from each other, wherein a height of the intermediate supports is the same as a height of the support portions of the columns. According to a second embodiment of the invention, the support portions of the columns and the ceiling element are equipped with mechanical fixation elements in points of connection to the columns.

Claims

1. A construction monolithic module of reinforced concrete that comprises vertical columns that are connected by lower and upper longitudinal and transverse crossbars, and floor and ceiling elements that are formed by horizontal floorings between the lower and upper crossbars and the columns, wherein the vertical columns are provided with a L-shaped cross section and oriented with their corners outwardly, and the crossbars are connected to the columns flush with their external surface, beams are arranged between the crossbars, the beams are connected to a lower surface of the horizontal floorings and to internal surfaces of the longitudinal crossbars, and equally spaced one from another and from the transverse crossbars, and a height of a cross section of the beams is smaller than a height of a cross section of the crossbars, a height of the cross section of the upper crossbars is greater than a height of the cross section of the lower crossbars, and a thickness of the horizontal flooring of the ceiling element is smaller than a thickness of the horizontal flooring of the floor; the L-shaped columns have support portions that protrude outside the floor elements; and a lower portion of the floor element is provided with at least four symmetrically arranged intermediate supports that are secured on the lower portions of the longitudinal crossbars within gaps between the beams, as well as equally spaced from the vertical columns and one from another, wherein a height of the intermediate supports is the same as a height of the support portions of the L-shaped columns.

2. The construction module according to claim 1, wherein the height of the support portions of the vertical columns and of the intermediate supports is 0.2-0.4 of the column length.

3. The construction module according to claim 1, wherein a total area of the cross section of the intermediate supports is equal to an area of the cross section of the L-shaped column.

4. The construction module according to claim 1, wherein the L-shaped columns are equipped with mechanical fixation elements at least in the support portions.

5. The construction module according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the beams is 0.10-0.20 of the length of the longitudinal crossbeams, and the length of the transverse crossbars is 0.4-0.75 of the length of the longitudinal crossbars, while a distance between the ceiling and floor elements is not more than the length of the transverse crossbars.

6. The construction module according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the horizontal flooring of the ceiling element is 0.4-0.65 of a thickness of the horizontal flooring of the floor element.

7. A construction monolithic module of reinforced concrete that comprises vertical columns that are connected by lower and upper longitudinal and transverse crossbars, and floor and ceiling elements that are formed by horizontal floorings between the lower and upper crossbars and the columns, wherein the vertical columns are provided with a L-shaped cross section and oriented with their corners outwardly, and the crossbars are connected to the columns flush with their external surface, beams are arranged between the crossbars, the beams are connected to a lower surface of the horizontal floorings and to internal surfaces of the longitudinal crossbars, and equally spaced one from another and from the transverse crossbars, and a height of a cross section of the beams is smaller than a height of a cross section of the crossbars, a height of the cross section of the upper crossbars is not less than a height of the cross section of the lower crossbars, and a thickness of the horizontal flooring of the ceiling element is smaller than a thickness of the horizontal flooring of the floor; the L-shaped columns have support portions that protrude outside the floor elements, and the support portions of the L-shaped columns and the ceiling element are equipped with mechanical fixation elements in points of connection to the L-shaped columns, a lower portion of the floor element is provided with at least four symmetrically arranged intermediate supports that are secured on the lower portions of the longitudinal crossbars within gaps between the beams, as well as equally spaced from the vertical columns and one from another, wherein a height of the intermediate supports is the same as a height of the support portions of the L-shaped columns.

8. The construction module according to claim 7, wherein the mechanical fixation elements are metal embedded parts for a welded joint.

9. The construction module according to claim 7, wherein the mechanical fixation elements are metal embedded parts for a threaded joint.

10. The construction module according to claim 7, wherein the mechanical fixation elements are concrete keys between the columns and the crossbars.

11. The construction module according to claim 7, wherein the height of the support portions of the vertical columns and of the intermediate supports is 0.2-0.4 of the column length.

12. The construction module according to claim 7, wherein a total area of the cross section of the intermediate supports is equal to an area of the cross section of the L-shaped column.

13. The construction module according to claim 7, wherein a distance between the beams is 0.10-0.20 of the length of the longitudinal crossbeams, and the length of the transverse crossbars is 0.4-0.75 of the length of the longitudinal crossbars, while a distance between the ceiling and floor elements is not more than the length of the transverse crossbars.

14. The construction module according to claim 7, wherein a thickness of the horizontal flooring of the ceiling element is 0.4-0.65 of a thickness of the horizontal flooring of the floor element.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to provide more complete understanding of the claimed invention and advantages thereof, the following description provides an explanation of possible exemplary embodiments thereof with a reference to figures of the appended drawings, wherein identical designations denote identical parts, and which illustrate the following:

[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates a general axonometrical view of the module;

[0025] FIG. 2 illustrates a cross section of the connection between the columns and the crossbars;

[0026] FIG. 3 illustrates a longitudinal cross section of the module;

[0027] FIG. 4 illustrates a combination of the modules into a multi-level section.

[0028] The illustrative drawings that illustrate the invention claimed as well as the mentioned particular embodiment of the construction module are in no way intended to limit the scope of claims appended hereto but to explain the essence of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] A construction module comprises of vertical columns (1) which are interconnected by upper longitudinal crossbars (2) and transverse crossbars (3), as well as lower longitudinal crossbars (4) and transverse crossbars (5). A horizontal flooring plate (6) is arranged between the crossbars (2, 3), and a horizontal flooring plate (7) is arranged between the crossbars (4, 5), the plates together form ceiling and floor elements respectively. The vertical columns (1) are provided with a L-shaped cross section and oriented with their corners outwardly, as well as provided with support portions (8) which protrude outside the ceiling element. Beams (9) are arranged between the crossbars (2, 3) of the floor element and between the crossbars (4, 5) of the ceiling element, the beams form reinforcing ribs of the horizontal floorings (6, 7). The beams (9) are connected to a lower surface of the horizontal floorings (6, 7) and to internal surfaces of the longitudinal crossbars (2, 4) and equally spaced from each other and from the transverse crossbars (3, 5), while an upper surface of the ceiling and floor elements is flat. A height of the cross section of the beams (9) is smaller than a height of the cross section of the crossbars (2-4), a height of the cross section of the upper crossbars (2, 3) is greater than a height of the cross section of the lower crossbars (4, 5), and a thickness of the horizontal flooring (6) of the ceiling element is smaller than a thickness of the horizontal flooring (7) of the floor. At least four symmetrically arranged intermediate supports (10) are provided on lower portions of the longitudinal crossbars (4) in gaps between the beams (9). The supports (10) are equally spaced from the vertical columns (1) and from each other, while a height of the supports (10) is the same as a height of the support portions (8). According to a second embodiment of the claimed inventions, the support portions (8) of the columns (1) and the ceiling element are equipped with mechanical fixation elements (11) in points of interconnection of the horizontal flooring (6), the crossbars (2, 3) and the columns (1).

[0030] The module may be formed by methods and means which are known to a person skilled in the art. All elements of the module may be made of a single-row reinforcement being rod reinforcement in the crossbars, columns and beams, and hardwired in the floorings plates, the fitting is mechanically bonded so as to form a space framework that is formed in a formwork structure at a working site, while enabling simultaneous effusing with a self-curing concrete mixture. To this end, reinforcement rod of a class A (B,D) 500C (A,B,N,R,RW,W), A (B,D) 240C (A,B,N,R,RW,W) may be used. Fine natural curing or thermally treated concrete of a hardness class not lower than C25/30, freeze-thaw resistance of F50 and watertightness W4 may be used as a material for manufacturing. A protective layer of the concrete on the external portion of the reinforcement framework must be up to 15 mm in order to avoid chipping and warping of the reinforcement. When implementing the embodiment that implies presence of the connection elements in order to mutually mount the module in vertical direction, they are either secured to the reinforcement of the module by means of welding or, if the concrete keys are used between the columns and the crossbars, a protruding reinforcement bar is preserved in these locations in order to enable concrete surface grouting of joints of corner portions of the module directly during its mounting. The external surface of the ceiling element may be provided with dropping immersed hinges which allow to perform mounting without cutting the hinges, thereby enabling to demount the module and to transfer it to another location, if necessary. Lifting and transportation of the construction is possible when the concrete strength is at least 80%.

[0031] When calculating optimal parameters and ratios for embodiments of the claimed invention, examples of geometry were taken, wherein the final module can be transported via common transportation routes as a cargo container, namely, at length of 7000-7500 mm, height and width of 3000-3500 mm. With such geometry, the height between the upper surface of the floor element and the lower portion of the ceiling element with consideration of protrusions of the beams, their ratio with the height of the ceiling crossbars and with the provided internal finishing, may be obtained within 2600-2700 mm, which is sufficient both for residential and commercial room.

[0032] The construction monolithic module of reinforced concrete is mounted on the foundation and enables to erect buildings of up to 4 levels in height. The mounting is performed on a preliminary prepared foundation of a plate or strip type. Therewith, the module is mounted on a sand-cement mortar layer without any additional fixation elements. Also, when erecting a two-level house, the modules may be mounted one on top of another one in corners onto the sand-cement mortar layer. When erecting 3- or 4-level house of the claimed modules, it is provided that they are mounted one on top of another one and interconnected in corners by means of embedded connection elements. Horizontal connection of the modules is performed via expansion joints by making adjacent walls.

[0033] Upon calculations both for static and dynamic loads in the PC software LIRA, it has been established that no explicit peaks of resonance frequencies and corresponding loads in the building elements exist both in single-level and multi-level buildings made of the claimed module. This indicates that when these dynamic loads appear as wind or small and moderate seismic loads, the construction of the claimed module will remain balanced and stable, and according to a pattern of loads which appear within the building elements, it is close to monolithic buildings of reinforced concrete having a weight that is many times greater. During the modeling and calculation process it has been established that change of the number of the elements of the module and falling of the ratio of their sizes beyond the limits stated in the exemplary embodiments of the structure will lead to appearance of notable peaks of resonance frequencies and corresponding loads onto the elements of the module which fall beyond the acceptable limits.

[0034] According to field tests conducted according to methods for calculating loads and influences which are commonly accepted in the art, it has been established that 4-level building made of the claimed construction modules is capable of withstanding the following loads: [0035] wind loads0.4 kPa [0036] loads onto the flooring5.0 kPa [0037] loads onto a covering3.0 kPa.

[0038] This satisfies statutory requirements according to indicators of actual rigidity of concrete and reinforced concrete products according to components of perception of horizontal loads of seismic and wind types which affect the building.

[0039] It allows to conclude that the uniform distribution of static and dynamic loads is further facilitated by symmetrical arrangement of the beams relative to each other and relative to the crossbars, as well as arrangement and shape of both main and additional supports. Therewith, owing to the features of the construction described in the claims, the distribution of the main weight of the construction of the building module is mostly in its lower portion, thereby allowing to distribute the weight of external equipment.

[0040] In order to provide external filling of the house made of the claimed monolithic units, glass units, sandwich panels, reinforced concrete plates, thin-layered elements, bricks or small piece lightweight material or a gas concrete block type may be used, while providing openings for window or door units. The space between the ceiling element and the floor element allows its technical equipping with all life support systems (electricity, water supply, sewerage system, heating, ventilation, conditioning).

[0041] Therefore, the claimed technical solution enables to provide lightweight, rigid and reliable monolithic structure of the construction module having opened contour, wherein optimal ratios of rigidity to static and dynamic loads and weight are considered, it is suitable for transportation to the construction site by means of standard cargo transportation and suitable for use both as the individual building unit and the low-rise building element to create buildings with the wide possibility of internal planning.