Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for producing a base piece for receiving a primer for a multi-part cartridge case, in which an extraction groove for engagement by a firearm ejector is produced by deforming before a receptacle for a case jacket of the multi-part cartridge case for receiving a projectile is produced, in particular by deforming. The present invention also relates to a tool arrangement for producing a base piece, a base piece and a cartridge case.
Claims
1. A method for producing a base piece (1), in particular formed according to one of claims 15 to 20, for receiving a primer for a multi-part cartridge case (10), in which an extraction groove (9) for engaging therein by a firearm ejector is produced by forming before a receptacle (5) for a case jacket (3) of the multi-part cartridge case (10) for receiving a projectile is produced, in particular by forming.
2. The method according to claim 1, in which the extraction groove (9) has already been produced before production of the receptacle (5) begins.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the extraction groove (9) is not engaged when producing the receptacle (5).
4. The method, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 3, for producing a base piece (1), in particular formed according to one of claims 15 to 21, for receiving a primer for a multi-part cartridge case (10), in which an extraction groove (9) for engagement by a firearm ejector is produced by deforming in such a way that a primer-side groove flank (29) of the extraction groove (9) is formed by a material displacement directed in the longitudinal direction (L) of the base piece (1) without material being displaced radially outwards.
5. The method according to claim 4, in which producing the extraction groove (9) is accompanied by a material flow directed against the forming direction (U).
6. The method according to claim 5, in which the extraction groove (9) is first preformed, in particular by means of a pair of preforming punches and dies (59), in such a way that a primer-side groove flank (28, 29) of the extraction groove (8, 9) is inclined at an angle (45) of less than 90 with respect to the longitudinal direction (L) of the base piece (1).
7. The method according to claim 6, in which the preformed extraction groove (8) is further deformed, in particular by means of a second pair of punches and dies (75), by means of backwards extrusion.
8. The method, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for producing a base piece (1), in particular formed according to one of claims 13 to 18, for receiving a primer for a multi-part cartridge case (10), in which an extraction groove (9) for engagement by a firearm ejector is produced by deforming and without a machining post-processing operation.
9. A tool arrangement (100) for introducing an extraction groove (9) for engagement by a firearm ejector into a case blank (43) for producing a base piece (1), formed in particular according to one of claims 13 to 21, for receiving a primer for a multi-part cartridge case (10), comprising a die (61, 77) for fixing a face side (55) of the case blank (43) and for engaging in a case cavity (41) of the case blank (43) and a case-shaped press plunger (63, 79) for circumferentially engaging around the case blank (43), wherein the press plunger (63, 79) is movable, in particular purely axially relative to the die (61, 77), for the deforming producing of the extraction groove (9).
10. The tool arrangement (100) according to claim 9, wherein the press plunger (63, 79) is circumferentially closed and/or produced from one piece.
11. The tool arrangement (100), in particular according to one of claims 9 to 10, for introducing an extraction groove (9) for engagement by a firearm ejector into a case blank (43) for producing a base piece (1), in particular formed according to one of claims 13 to 21, for receiving a primer for a multi-part cartridge case (10), comprising a die (61, 77) for fixing a face side (55) of the case blank (43) and for engaging in a case cavity (41) of the case blank (43) and a press plunger (63, 79) for engaging around the outside of the case blank (43), wherein the press plunger (63, 79) has a material displacement projection (69, 83) on its inner side (67, 81) facing the case blank (43), by means of which, during a particularly strictly axial pressing movement of the press plunger (63, 79) relative to the die (61, 77), the tool arrangement (100) forms a primer-side groove flank (28, 29) of the extraction groove (8, 9) for engagement by a firearm ejector.
12. The tool arrangement (100) according to claim 11, wherein the material displacement projection (69) has a pressing surface (71) inclined with respect to the direction of pressing movement (P), wherein in particular an angle of inclination is in the range from 10 to 80, in particular in the range from 15 to 75, in particular in the range from 20 to 70 or in the range from 25 to 65.
13. The tool arrangement (100), in particular according to one of claims 9 to 10, for introducing an extraction groove (9) for engagement by a firearm ejector into a case blank (43) or into a base piece pre-stage (109) for producing a base piece (1), in particular formed according to one of claims 13 to 21, for receiving a primer for a multi-part cartridge case (10), comprising a die (61, 77) for fixing a face side (55) of the case blank (43) or the base piece pre-stage (109) and for engaging in a case cavity (41) of the case blank (43) or the base piece pre-stage (109), and a forming punch (105) comprising at least two, in particular exactly two, punch parts (109, 111) for deforming and producing the extraction groove (9), which are arranged for circumferentially engaging around the case blank (43) or the base piece pre-stage (109), and an anvil (107) movable translationally relative to the forming punch (105) for fixing a face side (115) opposite the face side (55) of the case blank (43) or the base piece pre-stage (109), which can be brought into abutment contact with the forming punch (105), wherein abutment contact surfaces (117, 119) of forming punch (105) and anvil (107) facing one another are shape-matched to one another.
14. The tool arrangement (100) according to claim 13, wherein the abutment contact surface (119) of the forming punch (105) is at least sectionally, in particular completely, concave in shape and/or the abutment contact surface (117) of the anvil (107) is at least sectionally, in particular completely, convex in shape, wherein in particular the abutment contact surface (119) of the forming punch (105) forms a concave receptacle (121) for the anvil (107) and the anvil (107) substantially completely fills the receptacle (121).
15. A base piece (1) for receiving a primer for a multi-part cartridge case (10), which is produced according to the method according to one of claims 1 to 8 and/or by means of the tool arrangement (100) according to one of claims 9 to 14.
16. The base piece (1), in particular according to claim 15, for receiving a primer for a multi-part cartridge case (10), comprising an annular jacket (11) with a central priming bore (15) and a receptacle (5), opening into the priming bore (15), for a case jacket (3) of the multi-part cartridge case (10) for receiving a projectile, wherein the jacket (11) has an extraction groove (9) for engaging therein by a firearm ejector, which has a primer-side groove flank (29) oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction (L) of the base piece (1) and a groove flank (29) opening into the primer-side groove flank (29), groove base (31) oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction (L) of the base piece (1), wherein the hardness of the jacket (11) at the primer-side groove flank (29) deviates from the hardness of the jacket (11) at the groove base (31) by less than 40%.
17. The base piece (1) according to claim 16, wherein the hardness of the jacket (11) at the primer-side groove flank (29) deviates from the hardness of the jacket (11) at the groove base (31) by less than 35%, in particular by less than 30%, less than 25%, less than 20%, less than 15% or less than 10%, wherein in particular the hardness of the jacket (11) at the primer-side groove flank (29) substantially corresponds to the hardness of the jacket (11) at the groove base (31).
18. The base piece (1), in particular according to claim 16 or 17, for receiving a primer for a multi-part cartridge case (10), comprising an annular jacket (11) which has a, having a priming bore wall (23) delimiting a priming bore (15) extending through the jacket (11) and a receptacle wall (25) opening into the priming bore wall (23) and forming a receptacle (5) for a case jacket (3) of the multi-part cartridge case (10) for receiving a projectile, wherein the hardness of a core section of 25% to 75% of the wall thickness of the receptacle wall (25) and/or the priming bore wall (23) does not decrease in the longitudinal direction (L) of the base piece (1) from a primer-side lower side (19) to a projectile-side upper side (21), in particular remains at least constant or increases continuously.
19. The base piece (1), in particular according to one of claims 15 to 18, for receiving a primer for a multi-part cartridge case (10), comprising an annular jacket (11) with a central priming bore (15) and a receptacle (5), opening into the priming bore (15), for a case jacket (3) of the multi-part cartridge case (10) for receiving a projectile, wherein an extraction groove (9) for engagement by a firearm ejector is introduced into the jacket (11) by deforming and without machining post-processing operation.
20. The base piece (1) according to claim 19, wherein the extraction groove (9) is free of material flags in the circumferential direction, wherein in particular a deviation of the diameter in the portion of the extraction groove (9) at the same axial height is less than 0.1 mm.
21. A cartridge case (10) for ammunition, comprising a rotationally symmetrical case jacket (3) and a base piece (1) attached thereto and formed according to one of claims 15 to 20, wherein in particular a primer is inserted, in particular pressed into, the base piece (1).
Description
[0049] In the following, further properties, features and advantages of the invention will become clear by means of a description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings, in which:
[0050] FIG. 1: a sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a cartridge case according to the invention;
[0051] FIGS. 2 to 10: a schematic representation of a production sequence of a base piece according to the invention;
[0052] FIGS. 11 to 18: a schematic representation of the production sequence from FIGS. 2 to 10 in a tool arrangement according to the invention;
[0053] FIGS. 19 to 26: a schematic representation of an alternative production sequence in a further exemplary embodiment of a tool arrangement according to the invention;
[0054] FIG. 27: a simulation of the degree of forming of a base piece according to the prior art;
[0055] FIG. 28: a simulation of the degree of deformation of a base piece according to the invention;
[0056] FIG. 29: a simulation of the degree of deformation of a base piece according to the prior art in color;
[0057] FIG. 30: a simulation of the degree of deformation of a base piece according to the invention in color;
[0058] FIG. 31 a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a tool arrangement according to the invention;
[0059] FIG. 32 a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base piece according to the invention; and
[0060] FIG. 33 a perspective view of a further exemplary embodiment of a cartridge case according to the invention.
[0061] In the following description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a base piece according to the invention for a multi-part cartridge case is generally provided with the reference numeral 1, a cartridge case according to the invention is generally provided with the reference numeral 10 and a tool arrangement according to the invention for producing a base piece is provided with the reference numeral 100.
[0062] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a cartridge case 10 according to the invention in a sectional view. The cartridge case 10 comprises a base piece 1 and a case jacket 3 firmly connected thereto for receiving a projectile (not shown). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the base piece 1 and the case jacket 3 are formed to be rotationally symmetrical. The case jacket 3 has a constant wall thickness and can be produced from metal, for example. The base piece 1 can also be made of metal or a metal alloy, for example copper, case-hardened steel or brass.
[0063] The base piece 1 has a central recess 5 for receiving the case jacket 3. Opposite the recess 5, the base piece 1 has a further central cylindrical recess 7 in which a primer (not shown) is received. In the following description, recess 5 is referred to as receptacle 5 and recess 7 is referred to as primer receptacle 7.
[0064] The base piece 1 also has a central priming bore 15, which is delimited by an annular jacket 11 of the base piece and opens into the receptacle 5 for the case jacket 3. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a web 17 is formed between the receptacle 5 and the primer receptacle 7. The primer receptacle 7 extends from a primer-side lower side 19 of the base piece 1 in the direction of a projectile-side upper side 21 of the base piece 1 up to the web 17. The part of the jacket 11 that delimits the primer receptacle 7 is referred to below as the priming bore wall 23. The receptacle 5 for the case jacket 3 extends from the projectile-side upper side 21 in the direction of the primer-side lower side 19 of the base piece 1 to the web 17. The part of the jacket 11 that delimits the receptacle 5 for the case jacket 3 is referred to below as the receptacle wall 25. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the web 17 has a central through bore 27 which fluidly connects the primer receptacle 7 and the receptacle 5. In the embodiment in FIG. 1, the priming bore 15 is thus formed by the primer receptacle 7 and the through bore 27.
[0065] The web 17 can prevent unintentional separation of the receptacle wall 25 from the priming bore wall 23 when the projectile is fired. In a further embodiment of a base piece 1 according to the invention (see FIG. 26), the receptacle 5 can open directly into the primer receptacle 7 without a web being provided therebetween as in FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the priming bore 15 is formed only by the primer receptacle 7. In both embodiments, the case jacket 3 has a corresponding through bore 26 on a side facing the base piece 1 in order to be able to transfer the force generated by the primer to the projectile for firing the projectile.
[0066] The base piece 1 also comprises an extraction groove, which in the following is generally provided with the reference numeral 9. The extraction groove 9 is introduced into an outer side 13 of the annular jacket 11 of the base piece 1 and runs completely around the base piece 1 in the circumferential direction. A firearm ejector can grip and eject the empty cartridge case 10 via the extraction groove 9 after the projectile has been fired. The extraction groove 9 comprises a primer-side groove flank 29, which is oriented essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of the base piece 1, a radially inner-side groove base 31 oriented essentially in the longitudinal direction L and a transition edge 33 adjoining the groove base 31 and inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction L. To eject an empty cartridge case 10, the firearm ejector engages in the primer-side groove flank 29, which is thus the most important point for reliable ejection. The extraction groove 9 or the groove flank 29 is free of material flags in the circumferential direction. Material flags are unevennesses or elevations in the portion of the extraction groove 9 or the groove flank 29, which in the prior art occur between the individual segments of the tool when producing the extraction groove with segmented tools. A deviation of the diameter in the portion of the extraction groove 9 at the same axial height is less than 0.1 mm in a base piece 1 according to the invention, the dimensional accuracy of the extraction groove 9 is thus particularly high in a base piece 1 according to the invention. The groove flank 29, the groove base 31 and the transition edge 33 are thus formed particularly planar in a base piece 1 according to the invention, in particular without elevations or surface defects, so that no post-machining is necessary. Such an extraction groove 9 can be produced by a method according to the invention for introducing an extraction groove 9 into a base piece 1, which is explained in detail below.
[0067] FIGS. 2 to 10 show a schematic representation of a production sequence of a method according to the invention for producing a base piece 1 according to the invention, based on the individual stages of the base piece 1 during the method.
[0068] First, a metal wire can be provided and cut or trimmed to a certain length to form a cylindrical wire section 35 (FIG. 2). The wire section 35 is then set to form a thick-walled disk 37 (FIG. 3). A cup structure 39 with a central inner cavity 41, which can also be referred to as a case cavity, is then produced by extrusion (FIG. 4). The cup structure 39 is hereinafter referred to as the case blank 43.
[0069] The case cavity 41 is then recessed further and then forms the primer receptacle 7 (FIG. 5). At the same time, the extraction groove 9 is preformed by deforming. Deforming is generally a non-cutting manufacturing process in which the base piece 1 is brought into a different shape without removing or adding material from the base piece 1; the mass of the base piece 1 remains the same during deforming. FIG. 5 shows that the preformed primer-side groove flank 28 of the preformed extraction groove 8 is oriented at an angle of less than 90 with respect to the longitudinal direction L of the base piece 1 or the case blank 43. The angle of inclination of the preformed groove flank 28 is indicated in FIG. 5 by the reference sign 45. In the next step, the preformed groove flank 28 is further deformed. FIG. 6 shows a completely deformed groove flank 29 after further deformation. It can be seen that this is oriented at an angle of 90 transversely to the longitudinal direction L, which is indicated in FIG. 6 by the reference sign 47.
[0070] In the following two manufacturing steps, the desired inner and outer geometry of the base piece 1 is produced. First, the outer geometry is pre-pressed (FIG. 7). This produces the transition edge 33 of the extraction groove 9, which also forms the groove base 31. In the next step, the receptacle 5 for the case jacket 3 is pressed (FIG. 8). The base piece 1 is then calibrated (FIG. 9) and the web 17 is perforated so that a connection 27 is formed between the primer receptacle 7 and the receptacle 5 for the case jacket 3.
[0071] The schematic production sequence illustrates that in the production method according to the invention, the extraction groove 9 is introduced into the case blank 43 and completed (FIG. 6) before production of the receptacle 5 for the case jacket 3 is started (FIG. 8). This ensures that the high dimensional accuracy of the extraction groove 9 that can be achieved during deforming is not impaired by simultaneous or prior production of the receptacle.
[0072] FIGS. 11 to 18 show the production sequence from FIGS. 2 to 10 for producing a base piece 1 according to the invention with the associated tools.
[0073] FIG. 11 again shows the cylindrical wire section 35 from FIG. 2, which is deformed into a thick-walled disk 39 in FIG. 12 with the aid of a die 49 for axially fixing the wire section 35 and a press plunger 51 movable in the longitudinal direction L. In FIG. 13, an upper side 53 of the thick-walled disk 39 is fixed by the press plunger 51, so that the case cavity 41 can be introduced from the lower side 55 of the thick-walled disk 39 by means of extrusion with a further press plunger 57.
[0074] FIG. 14 shows the case blank 43 produced by the previous steps in a tool arrangement 100 according to the invention for preforming the extraction groove 9. The tool arrangement 100 comprises a pair of preforming punches and dies 59 consisting of a preforming die 61 and a preforming punch 63 movable exclusively in the longitudinal direction L. The pressing movement direction P and thus the forming direction U thus run along the longitudinal direction L of the base piece 1 or the case blank 43. The pressing movement direction P and the forming direction U are each indicated by arrows in FIGS. 14 and 15.
[0075] In the exemplary production process in FIGS. 11 to 18, the press plunger 51 for introducing the case cavity 41 is also used as a preforming die 61 for preforming the extraction groove 9. For preforming the extraction groove 9, the preforming die 61 fixes the lower side 55 of the case blank 43 and engages with a central elevation 65 in the case cavity 41 of the case blank 43. The central elevation 65 centers the case blank 43 and fixes it in the radial direction. The preforming punch 63 is formed in a case-shaped manner and is circumferentially closed. The preforming punch 63 is also produced in one piece and surrounds the case blank 43 on the outside. The preforming punch 63 has a radially circumferential material displacement projection 69 on an inner side 67 facing the case blank 43. When the preforming punch 63 is moved towards the preforming die 61 in the longitudinal direction L, a groove flank 29 of the extraction groove 9 is preformed with the aid of the material displacement projection 69. As shown in FIG. 5, the preformed groove flank 28 is oriented at an angle 45 of less than 90 with respect to the longitudinal direction L (see FIG. 15). Accordingly, the material displacement projection 69 of the preforming punch 63 is also oriented at an angle of less than 90 with respect to the longitudinal direction L. In particular, a pressing surface 71 of the material displacement projection 69 can be oriented at an angle of inclination in the range from 10 to 80, preferably in the range from 15 to 75, in the range from 20 to 70 or in the range from 25 to 65 with respect to the longitudinal direction L.
[0076] FIG. 14 shows that the material is only displaced in the axial direction, i.e. along the pressing movement direction P or the forming direction U, when the preforming punch 63 moves along the longitudinal direction L of the case blank 43 towards the preforming die 61 during preforming of the extraction groove 9. No material is displaced radially outwards, as can be seen from a comparison of FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 by the fact that the outer diameter of the case blank 43 does not increase during preforming of the extraction groove 9.
[0077] FIG. 15 shows a further tool arrangement 100 according to the invention, with which the preformed groove flank 28 is further deformed by means of backwards extrusion. In this context, backwards extrusion is to be understood as an extrusion process in which a material flow is generated against the forming direction U or against the direction of movement of the forming tool. The tool arrangement 100 comprises a further punch and die pair 75 consisting of a die 77 and a press plunger 79. The die 77 in FIG. 15 is the same as the preforming die 61 in FIG. 14 with the only difference that the central elevation 65 is higher and thus the primer receptacle 7 has already been formed from the case cavity 41. For example, the central elevation 65 can be displaceable in the axial direction within the preform die 61 so that no additional die is required for further deforming of the preformed extraction groove 8 and costs and time can be saved during producing. The press plunger 79 is also formed in a case-shaped manner, wherein the lower side 83 of the press plunger 79 facing the case blank 43 can be regarded as a material displacement projection starting from an inner side 81 of the press plunger 79. When the press plunger 79 moves towards the die 77 in the longitudinal direction L, material is displaced so that a groove flank 29 is formed which, as in FIG. 6, is oriented at an angle of 90 transversely to the longitudinal direction L. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the upper side 53 of the case blank 43 is additionally fixed by a further press plunger 85.
[0078] When simultaneously observing the producing step in FIG. 15 and the resulting stage of the case blank 43 in FIG. 16 with completely deformed extraction groove 9, it can be seen that the deforming of the preformed groove flank 28 to the finished groove flank 29 is accompanied by a material flow against the pressing movement direction P and the deforming direction U or the movement of the press plunger 79 along the longitudinal axis L of the case blank 43. As with the preforming of the extraction groove 9, however, there is no displacement of material radially outwards.
[0079] The tool arrangements according to the invention for deforming the extraction groove 9 shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 have a simpler structure compared to tools used in the prior art and are therefore more cost-effective than tools used in the prior art.
[0080] In FIGS. 16 to 18, the inner and outer geometry of the base piece 1 are then pressed. In FIG. 16, the transition edge 33 of the extraction groove 9 and the outer geometry of the receptacle 5 for the case jacket 3 are first pressed with a segmented tool 87, wherein the upper side 53 of the case blank 43 continues to be fixed by the press plunger 85 and the lower side 55 of the case blank 43 continues to be fixed by the die 77. In FIG. 17, the outer geometry is finish-pressed using a further segmented tool 89 and at the same time the inner geometry of the receptacle 5 is formed by a press plunger 91. The segmented tools 87, 89 can each consist of several stamping segments that move radially towards each other for deforming. Finally, FIG. 18 shows a finished base piece 1 in which only the through bore 27 still has to be introduced into the web 17 between the receptacle 5 and the primer receptacle 7.
[0081] FIGS. 11 to 18 show that the extraction groove 9 is not interfered with when producing the receptacle 5, so that the high dimensional accuracy of the extraction groove 9 is not impaired after deforming. It is also clear that no machining post-processing is necessary after the extraction groove 9 has been deformed. A further advantage of the production method according to the invention is that the transition between the groove flank 29 and the groove base 31 as well as the transition between the groove flank and the outer side 13 of the jacket 11 of the base piece 1 can be reliably formed at an angle of 90 (see FIG. 1).
[0082] FIGS. 19 to 26 show an alternative production sequence for a base piece 1 according to the invention with the tools used for this purpose, wherein the tool used is shown at the top in each of FIGS. 19 to 26 and the resulting stage of the base piece 1 or the case blank 43 is shown below. A producing base piece 1 is shown in FIG. 26 and differs from the base piece 1 in FIG. 1 or FIGS. 10 and 18 in that no web is provided between the receptacle 5 for the case jacket 3 and the primer receptacle 7.
[0083] First, a blank 37 is punched out of a plate (FIG. 19). Alternatively, the blank 37 can also be pressed from a piece of wire as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Subsequently, a central inner cavity 93 is produced on an upper side 53 of the blank 37 by means of backwards extrusion (FIG. 20) by a press plunger 95, so that a cup structure 39 is formed. For this purpose, the press plunger 95 can be displaceable in a case-shaped guide 96 in the longitudinal direction L of the case blank 43. A lower side 55 of the blank 37 is fixed by a die 50. In the next step, a case cavity 41 is produced on the lower side 55 of the blank 37 by means of forward extrusion (FIG. 21) by a press plunger 97, so that a double cup structure 40 is formed. The case blank 43 is fixed in the axial and radial direction by the press plunger 95, which continues to engage in the inner cavity 93. A web 99 remains between the case cavity 41 and the cavity 93, which is then perforated using the press plunger 95 to produce a case blank 43, which is shown below in FIG. 22. The lower side 53 of the case blank 43 is held by a case-shaped die 98. The case blank 43 in FIG. 22 already has a continuous priming bore 15 through the annular jacket 11.
[0084] As in the manufacturing process in FIGS. 11 to 18, an extraction groove 9 is first preformed by deforming in the next step (FIG. 23). The tool arrangement 100 according to the invention essentially corresponds to the tool arrangement 100 in FIG. 14, so that reference is made to the embodiments of FIGS. 11 to 28 and only the differences are explained below. In the embodiment in FIG. 23, the die 61 does not have a central elevation for engaging in the central inner cavity 41 of the case blank 43 because the case blank 43 already has a continuous priming bore 15 and therefore cannot rest with the web on a central elevation. Instead, the case blank 43 is centered and radially fixed by the press plunger 95, which protrudes completely through the priming bore 15 of the case blank 43. In the next step, the preformed extraction groove 8 is further deformed (FIG. 24). The tool arrangement 100 according to the invention again essentially corresponds to the tool arrangement 100 of FIG. 15, with the difference that the case blank 43 continues to be centered and radially fixed by the press plunger 95. In FIG. 23, the press plunger 95 is held by the guide 96 and rests on the die 61 with one end facing the die 61. In FIG. 24, by contrast, the press plunger 95 is displaced further in the longitudinal direction L and is guided by the guide 96 and the die 77, which is formed in a correspondingly case-shaped manner. It should be understood that the die 61 can also be case-shaped in order to guide the press plunger 95 and that the die 77 does not necessarily have to be case-shaped, but that it is also possible that the press plunger 95 is only held by the guide 96 during further deforming (FIG. 24).
[0085] The inner and outer geometry of the base piece 1 are then pressed, in particular the transition edge 33 and the groove base 33 of the extraction groove 9 (FIG. 25) and the receptacle 5 for the jacket case 3 (FIG. 26) are formed by segmented tools 87, 89 and a press plunger 91, wherein reference is made to the embodiments of the production process in FIGS. 16 to 18.
[0086] In the alternative producing sequence, the extraction groove 9 is also introduced into the case blank 43 and completed (FIG. 24) before the production of the receptacle 5 for the case jacket 3 is started (FIG. 25). It can also be seen from FIGS. 24 and 25 that the extraction groove 9 is not interfered with when producing the receptacle 5 and that no post-machining of the extraction groove 9 is necessary.
[0087] FIGS. 27 and 28 show a direct comparison between a base piece 2 made of brass (FIGS. 27 and 29), which is common in the prior art, and a base piece 1 made of brass according to the invention (FIGS. 28 and 30). In FIGS. 27 and 29, the reference signs for the individual elements of the base piece are each increased by 100. In the base piece 2 according to the prior art, the extraction groove 109 was produced after producing the receptacle 5 for the case jacket 3 and in the base piece 1 according to the invention, the extraction groove 9 was produced by means of deforming before producing the receptacle 5 for the case jacket 3 by a purely axial deformation of the material. In both figures, the web 17, 117, which separates the receptacle 5, 105 for the case jacket 3 and the primer receptacle 7, 107, is not yet perforated.
[0088] It is clear from the comparison that the base piece 1 according to the invention has a higher degree of deformation. Particularly in the portion of the receptacle 5 for the case jacket 3 and in the portion of the extraction groove 9, it can be seen that the receptacle wall 25 and the priming bore wall 23 of the base piece 1 according to the invention have a higher degree of deformation. The degree of deformation is a measure of the deformation of the base piece 1. It indicates the extent to which the material is deformed when producing a base piece 1 from a wire section 35 or a disk 37. A higher degree of deformation guides to a higher strength and/or a higher hardness of the material. The hardness of the base piece 1 depends directly on the degree of forming. Due to the higher degree of forming and the resulting higher hardness of the base piece 1, higher holding forces can be achieved between the base piece 1 and the case jacket 3 as well as between the base piece 1 and the primer. As a result, a cartridge case 10 with a base piece 1 according to the invention can withstand greater internal pressures when the projectile is fired.
[0089] A base piece 1 according to the invention, which was manufactured using a method or tool arrangement 100 according to the invention, also has a characteristic hardness profile in the jacket 11 of the base piece 1, which thus indicates that the extraction groove 9 was manufactured using the method or tool arrangement 100 according to the invention.
[0090] In FIGS. 28 and 30 it can be seen that the degree of deformation on the groove flank 29 essentially corresponds to the degree of deformation on the groove base 31 and thus a homogeneous degree of deformation and thus a homogeneous hardness profile is present in the portion of the extraction groove 9. In contrast, the degree of deformation on the groove flank 29 is greater than the degree of deformation on the groove base 131 in the case of a base piece 2 in FIG. 27 or 29, which is common in the prior art.
[0091] Furthermore, it can be seen from the lines 101 and 103, which run along the center of the wall thickness of the priming bore wall 23, 123 and the receptacle wall 25, 125, that the degree of deformation in the base piece 1 according to the invention increases continuously from the primer-side lower side 19 to the projectile-side upper side 21, which is not the case in the prior art base piece 2.
[0092] FIG. 31 illustrates a further exemplary embodiment of a tool arrangement 100 according to the invention, and FIG. 31 shows a perspective view of a section of the tool arrangement 100 with focus on the forming punch 115, which in the preferred embodiment according to FIG. 31 comprises two punch halves 127, 129, which delimit between them a receptacle 131 which is round in cross-section and is concave, in particular hemispherical, in the other cross-sectional direction. Between the two punch halves 127, 129, anvil 107 is translationally movable relative to forming punch 115 in order to be able to come into abutment contact with forming punch 115 and to be movable away from forming punch 115 in the translational movement direction. FIG. 32 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a base piece 1 according to the invention, which is produced by means of a tool arrangement 100, in particular according to the invention, which comprises a forming punch comprising at least two punch parts. When producing the base piece 100 by means of the segmented tool, a separation point or seam 133 extending in the longitudinal axis direction of the base piece 1 and remaining on the outside 135 results as a narrow, elongated projection. The separation point 133 results from the material displaced during pressing of the base piece 1 by means of the segmented tools, which is located between the two stamp parts that are movable towards each other to perform the pressing movement, where the material is pressed and is visible as the seam 133. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 32, the seam 133 extends essentially from the groove flank 129 to the upper side 21 of the base piece 1. However, the seam length of the seam 133 in the longitudinal direction of the base piece 1 can also be shorter and extend, for example, only up to about half the height of the receptacle wall 25 (see also, for example, FIG. 33). Furthermore, the depth or the shape of the seam 133 can vary transversely to the longitudinal extension, in particular in the radial direction. In this case, the seam depth in the portion of the groove flank 29 can be significantly less, in particular vanishingly less, than in the neighboring sections. This may be due to the fact that the groove flanks 29 are pressed with a closed, for example cylindrical, tool, so that no material displacement occurs which results in the formation of a scam. The seam depth can also decrease again towards the top in the portion of the base piece 1 that receives the case jacket 3, as this can be leveled out again during the joining of the base piece 1 with the case jacket 3 and by a calibration die, so that it is less pronounced in this area.
[0093] A varied shorter seam 133 is shown in FIG. 33, in which a base piece 1 is combined or joined to a case jacket 3. In particular in the portion of an upper joining section 137 of the base piece 1 facing the case jacket 3, the seam 133 can be smoothed out again after joining so that it is essentially not visible. Furthermore, as indicated in FIG. 33 by the different line thickness, the seam depth in the portion of the groove flank 29 can also be less pronounced, which is due to the previously described aspect of producing the groove flank 29 by means of a closed tool. This can also minimize any functional disadvantages of the seam 133. This is because a seam 133 on the outside 135 of the base piece can have a negative effect on the loading capacity under certain circumstances. A pronounced scam 133 in the portion of the groove flank could, under certain circumstances, have a negative effect on the essential extraction function of the extraction groove 9. With the method according to the invention, in which the extent of the seam 133 is deliberately controlled and reduced at the neuralgic, functionally relevant sections, the disadvantages from the methods known from the prior art, namely pressing in extraction grooves with segmented tools, can be avoided.
[0094] The features disclosed in the above description. figures and claims can be of importance both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in the various embodiments.
REFERENCE LIST
[0095] 1 Base piece [0096] 2 Base piece (state of the art) [0097] 10 Cartridge case [0098] 100 Tool arrangement [0099] 3 Case jacket [0100] 5,105 Receptacle [0101] 7,107 Primer receptacle [0102] 8 Preformed extraction groove [0103] 9,109 Extraction groove [0104] 11,111 Annular jacket [0105] 13 Outer side [0106] 15 Priming bore [0107] 17,117 Web [0108] 19,119 primer-side lower side [0109] 21,121 projectile-side upper side [0110] 23,123 Priming bore wall [0111] 25,125 Receptacle wall [0112] 26 Through bore [0113] 27 through bore [0114] 28 Pre-formed groove flank [0115] 29 Groove flank [0116] 31,131 Groove base [0117] 33,133 Transition edge [0118] 35 cylindrical wire section [0119] 37 thick-walled disk [0120] 39 Cup structure [0121] 40 Double cup structure [0122] 41 Case cavity [0123] 43 Case blank [0124] 45 Angle [0125] 47 Angle [0126] 49 Die (setting) [0127] 50 Die [0128] 51 Press plunger (setting) [0129] 53 Press plunger (case cavity) [0130] 55 Upper side [0131] 57 Lower side [0132] 59 Pair of preforming punches and dies [0133] 61 Preforming die [0134] 63 Preforming punch [0135] 65 Central elevation [0136] 67 Inside of punch [0137] 69 Material displacement projection [0138] 71 Pressing surface [0139] 75 Punch-die pair [0140] 77 Die [0141] 79 Press plunger [0142] 81 Punch inside [0143] 83 Material displacement projection [0144] 85 Press plunger [0145] 87 Segmented tool [0146] 89 Segmented tool [0147] 91 Press plunger [0148] 93 Central recess [0149] 95 Press plunger [0150] 96 Guide [0151] 97 Press plunger [0152] 99 Web [0153] 101 Line [0154] 103 Line [0155] 115 Forming punch [0156] 127, 129 Punch halves [0157] 131 Receptacle [0158] 133 Separation point [0159] 135 Outer side [0160] L Longitudinal direction [0161] U Forming direction [0162] P Pressing direction
