Integrated electro-aero-thermal turbine engine

Abstract

A turbine engine includes integrated electric machines in the compressor section and the turbine section to supplement power produced from fuel with electric power. The example compressor section includes a compressor electric motor that is coupled to a compressor generator. The example turbine section includes a turbine electric motor that is coupled to the geared architecture to supplement power driving the fan section. A turbine generator provides electric power to the turbine electric motor.

Claims

1. A turbine engine comprising: a fan rotatable about an engine longitudinal axis; a turbine section: a combustor in flow communication with a compressor section; a compressor generator coupled to be driven by the turbine section; wherein the compressor section includes a first compressor section and a second compressor section, the first compressor section driven by the turbine section and the second compressor section driven by a compressor motor electrically coupled to the compressor generator; and a diffuser configured to communicate airflow from the first compressor section and the second compressor section separately to a combustor.

2. The turbine engine as recited in claim 1, wherein the diffuser comprises a plurality of first conduits that extend from the first compressor section to the combustor and a plurality of second conduits that extend from the second compressor section to the combustor, wherein the plurality of first conduits and the plurality of second conduits alternate circumferentially about the combustor section.

3. The turbine engine as recited in claim 2, including a compressor drive control that matches operation of the compressor generator to output requirements of the compressor motor to match operation of the second compressor section with operation of the first compressor section.

4. The turbine engine as recited in claim 1, wherein the first compressor section and the second compressor section generate a total output airflow communicated to the combustor section, wherein the total output airflow comprises a first output airflow from the first compressor section and a second output airflow from the second compressor section and the first output airflow and the second output airflow are equal at the combustor.

5. The turbine engine as recited in claim 1, wherein the first compressor section and the second compressor section generate a total output airflow communicated to the combustor section, wherein the total output airflow comprises a first output airflow from the first compressor section and a second output airflow from the second compressor section wherein the first output airflow is different than the second output airflow at the combustor.

6. The turbine engine as recited in claim 1, including a low pressure compressor forward of the turbine section.

7. The turbine engine as recited in claim 6, including an intake scroll defining a passage for airflow exiting the low pressure compressor to the compressor section and around the turbine section.

8. A turbine engine comprising: a fan rotatable about an engine longitudinal axis; a turbine section including an intermediate turbine section and a low pressure turbine; a turbine generator coupled to be driven by the turbine section; a turbine electric motor electrically coupled to the turbine generator; a geared architecture, wherein the turbine section and the turbine electric motor are coupled to drive portions of the geared architecture, wherein the intermediate turbine is coupled to drive the turbine generator and a first portion of the geared architecture and the low pressure turbine coupled to the turbine electric motor and a second portion of the geared architecture; a compressor section including a portion driven by the turbine section; and a combustor in flow communication with the compressor section, the combustor configured to generate a high energy flow to drive the turbine section.

9. The turbine engine as recited in claim 8, wherein the fan is an open fan rotor disposed outside of any enclosure.

10. The turbine engine as recited in claim 8, wherein the turbine electric machine is concentric about the engine longitudinal axis.

11. The turbine engine as recited in claim 8, wherein the geared architecture includes a sun gear intermeshed with intermediate gears supported in a carrier and ring gear circumscribing the intermediate gears, wherein the low pressure turbine is coupled to the sun gear and the intermediate turbine is coupled to the ring gear.

12. The turbine engine as recited in claim 11, wherein a shaft coupling the intermediate pressure turbine to the turbine generator extends through a central opening in the sun gear.

13. The turbine engine as recited in claim 8, including a turbine drive control that matches operation of the turbine generator to output requirements of the turbine electric motor.

14. A turbine engine comprising: a fan section containing a fan rotatable about an engine longitudinal axis; a fan drive system configured to drive the fan, the fan drive system including a turbine section, a turbine generator electrically coupled to a turbine motor and a geared architecture, wherein the turbine section and the turbine motor are coupled to drive portions of the geared architecture; a high pressure turbine coupled to drive a compressor generator; a high pressure compressor section including a first compressor section and a second compressor section, the first compressor section driven by the high pressure turbine and the second compressor section driven by a compressor motor electrically coupled to the compressor generator; and a combustor in flow communication with high pressure compressor, wherein the high pressure compressor section is disposed aft of the combustor and the turbine section is disposed forward of the combustor.

15. The turbine engine as recited in claim 14, wherein the first compressor section and the second compressor section generate a total output airflow communicated to the combustor section, wherein the total output airflow comprises a first output airflow from the first compressor section and a second output airflow from the second compressor section and the first output airflow and the second output airflow and a compressor drive control matches operation of the compressor generator to output requirements of the compressor motor to match operation of the second compressor section with operation of the first compressor section.

16. The turbine engine as recited in claim 15, including a low pressure compressor forward of the turbine section.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1A is a schematic view of an example turboprop turbine engine embodiment.

(2) FIG. 1B is a schematic view of a ducted fan gas turbine engine embodiment.

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an example gas turbine engine embodiment.

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an example geared architecture embodiment.

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an example fan drive system embodiment.

(6) FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an example compressor section of a gas turbine engine.

(7) FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-section of an inlet scroll for the example compressor section.

(8) FIG. 7 is a cross-section schematic view of a diffuser communicating airflow to a combustor section.

(9) FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an electrical communication system controlling operation of a gas turbine engine.

(10) FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a power flow of the example compressor section.

(11) FIG. 10 is another schematic illustration of power flow during another operating condition of the high pressure compressor section.

(12) FIG. 11 is another power flow diagram illustrating operation of the example compressor section.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(13) Disclosed gas turbine engines integrate electric generators and motors into a hybrid electro-aero-thermal turbine engine. In the example turbine engines, fuel and electricity are converted to mechanical power to increase kinetic energy of flows through the engine. Conversion of fuel to mechanical power is accomplished by combining the fuel with high pressure air and igniting the mixture to produce a high energy gas flow. The high energy gas flow is converted to mechanical energy as it expands through the turbine section. An electro-chemical potential of energy stored in a battery is converted to mechanical power by electric motors to increase kinetic energy of engine flows. Conversion of fuel to mechanical power is not as efficient as the conversion of electro-chemical potential to mechanical power. The disclosed example engines integrate fuel and electro-chemical power to improve overall engine efficiencies.

(14) Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, disclosed integrated engine architectures are schematically indicated at 20A and 20B. The engine 20A is a turboprop engine with an open fan rotor architecture that operates a fan section 22A outside of any enclosure. The engine 20B is a ducted fan architecture with a fan section 22B directing airflow through a bypass flow path B defined through a nacelle 18. Each of the engines 20A, 20B include common elements described utilizing common reference numerals differentiated by a letter corresponding with a letter in the corresponding FIGS. 1A and 1B.

(15) Both engines 20A, 20B include a fan section 22A, 22B with a corresponding plurality of fan blades 42A, 42B. A compressor section 24A, 24B compresses air that is then directed to a combustor section 26A, 26B. In the combustor section 26A, 26B, fuel is mixed with the compressed air and ignited to generate a high energy exhaust gas flow that expands through a turbine section 28A, 28B. The turbine section 28A, 28B is coupled to drive the compressor section 24A, 24B and the fan section 22A, 22B. In the disclosed engine embodiments, a geared architecture 48A, 48B is driven by a portion of the turbine section 28A, 28B provides for rotation of both the fan section 22A, 22B and turbine section 28A, 28B at closer to optimal speeds.

(16) The engines 20A, 20B include integrated electric machines in the compressor section 24A, 24B and the turbine section 28A, 28B to supplement power produced from fuel with electric power. The example compressor section 24A, 24B includes a compressor electric motor 74A, 74B that is coupled to a compressor generator 76A, 76B. The example turbine section 28A, 28B includes a turbine electric motor 94A, 94B that is coupled to the geared architecture 48A, 48B to supplement power driving the fan section 22A, 22B. A turbine generator 96A, 96B provides electric power to the turbine electric motor 94A, 94B.

(17) FIG. 2 is an engine example that corresponds with each of the engines 20A, 20B and includes reference numerals that refer to like features shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, but without the alphabet designation to indicate application in either of the disclosed engines 20A, 20B.

(18) The example engine 20 illustrated in FIG. 2, includes integrated electric drive systems augmenting operation of turbine and compressor sections. The example gas turbine engine 20 includes the fan section 22, the turbine section 28, the combustor section 26 and the compressor section 24 disposed serially along an engine longitudinal axis A. The propulsor section 22 includes a plurality of fan blades 42 rotatable about the axis A. The compressor section 24 supplies compressed air to the combustor section 26. Fuel is combined with compressed air from the compressor section 24 and ignited in the combustor section 26 to generate a high energy exhaust gas flow 98. The high energy exhaust gas flow 98 expands through the turbine section 28 to generate rotation of the turbine section 28. The geared architecture 48 is coupled between the turbine section 28 and the propulsor section 22 to provide rotation at different speeds. A low pressure compressor section 44 is disposed axially forward of the turbine section 28 and is coupled to the fan section 22. The low pressure compressor section 44 and the plurality of fan blades 42 rotate at a common speed.

(19) Inlet airflow 82 flows axially through the plurality of fan blades 42 and the low pressure compressor 44 and into an intake passage 80. The intake passage communicates inlet airflow 82 axially aft of the turbine section 28, around the combustor section 26 and to the compressor section 24. In this disclosed example, the inlet airflow 82 is initially compressed by the low pressure compressor 44 and communicated into the intake passages 80. The intake passage 80 communicates airflow directly to the example the compressor section 24 disposed axially aft of the turbine section 28 along the axis A.

(20) The disclosed turbine section 28 includes a high pressure turbine 54, an intermediate pressure turbine 40 and a low pressure turbine 46. The turbines 54, 40 and 46 are serially arranged from the combustor section 26 forward toward the fan section 22. The high energy exhaust gas flow 98 is directed axially forward through the turbine sections 54, 40 and 46 and finally exhausted through an exhaust manifold 95 into a bypass airflow 97. In this example, the exhaust manifold 95 reverses the flow of the high energy exhaust gas flow 98 to combine with a bypass flow 97 generated by the fan section 22.

(21) The disclosed example engine is arranged to include a first spool 148 that includes the high pressure turbine 54, a first high pressure compressor section 50 and the compressor generator 76. A second spool 150 includes the intermediate turbine 40 that is coupled to the fan section 22, turbine generator 96 and a portion of the geared architecture 48. A third spool 152 includes the low pressure turbine 46 that is coupled to the turbine motor 94 and another portion of the geared architecture 48.

(22) Accordingly, the intermediate pressure turbine 40 and the low pressure turbine 46 are both coupled to the geared architecture 48 that drives the fan section 22 at a speed different than either of the low pressure turbine 46 and the intermediate pressure turbine 40. In this example, the intermediate pressure turbine 40 is coupled to both the geared architecture 48 and a turbine generator 96. Electric power produced by the turbine generator 96 powers a turbine motor 94. The turbine motor 94 is coupled through the geared architecture 48 to supplement power to drive the fan section 22.

(23) Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, with continued reference to FIG. 2, the geared architecture 48, the intermediate pressure turbine 40, the low pressure turbine 46, the turbine motor 94 and the turbine generator 96 define portions of a fan drive gear system 138. The disclosed geared architecture 48 is an epicyclic gear system with a sun gear 140 intermeshed with intermediate gears 144. The intermediate gears 144 are supported by a carrier 142. A ring gear 146 is engaged to the intermediate gears 144.

(24) The intermediate pressure turbine 40 is coupled to the shaft 34 that is coupled to the turbine generator 96. The shaft 34 extends through a hollow interior 145 of the sun gear 140. The shaft 34 is not coupled to the sun gear 140 in this example embodiment. The shaft 34 is coupled to the ring gear 146 and to the fan section 22. The low pressure turbine 46 is coupled to the turbine motor 94 by way of shaft 38. The shaft 38 extends through the turbine motor 94 and drives the sun gear 140. The carrier 142 is not coupled to either the low pressure turbine 46 or the intermediate pressure turbine 40. The carrier 142 may be grounded to an engine static structure 134 through a selectively actuated clutch 136. It should be appreciated that other portions of the geared architecture 48 may be selectively grounded to the engine static structure 134 and are within the contemplation of this disclosure.

(25) The intermediate pressure turbine 40 is coupled to the output of the geared architecture 48 that drives the fan section 22. In this disclosed example, the ring gear 146 provides the output to the fan section 22. The intermediate pressure turbine 40 also drives the turbine generator 96. The turbine generator 96 is electrically coupled to power the turbine motor 94. The turbine motor 94 may also be powered by battery systems of the aircraft. The turbine motor 94 reduces loads on the intermediate pressure turbine 40 and the low pressure turbine 46 and thereby the amount of fuel required to power rotation of the fan section 22.

(26) Referring to FIG. 5 with continued reference to FIG. 2, the disclosed compressor section 24 includes the first compressor section 50 and a second compressor section 52 that operate independent of each other to provide compressed airflow to the combustor 56. The first compressor section 50 is coupled to the high pressure turbine 54 by shaft 30. The second compressor section 52 is coupled to a compressor electric motor 74 by a shaft 32. Accordingly, the first compressor section 50 and the second compressor section 52 may operate and rotate independent of each other. The high pressure turbine 54 drives a compressor generator 76 that is coupled to the shaft 30. The compressor generator 76 creates electric power that is utilized to drive the compressor motor 74.

(27) The example compressor section 24 supplies compressed airflow from both the first compressor section 50 and the second compressor section 52 to the combustor 56 through a diffuser 84 that crosses over an inlet scroll 78. In the combustor 56, the compressed airflow is mixed with fuel and ignited to produce the high energy exhaust gas flow 98.

(28) In this example, the first compressor section 50 and the second compressor section 52 are identically configured such that they provide an airflow at a common pressure and volume to the combustor section 56. The compressor electric motor 74 drives the second compressor section 52 to match operation of the first compressor section 50 that is driven by the high pressure turbine 54. Accordingly, the second compressor section 52 does not induce a load on the high pressure turbine section 54, but provides a portion of the compressed air utilized in the combustor 56 to generate the high energy gas flow 98.

(29) Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, with continued reference to FIG. 2, the inlet scroll 78, (FIG. 6) includes an inlet 58 that is disposed axially between the first compressor section 50 and the second compressor section 52. The inlet scroll 78 is configured to provide equal amounts of inlet airflow 82 flow to each of the first compressor section 50 and the second compressor section 52. The example inlet scroll 78 includes a single common inlet 75 that communicates airflow into an annular portion 77 disposed about the axis A. The annular portion 77 is open on both axial sides to communicate airflow to each of the compressor sections 50, 52. Inlets 86 and 88 for the first compressor section 50 and the second compressor section 52 are identically configured to provide an equal airflow to each compressor section 50, 52. The example inlets 86, 88 may include a vane configuration to reduce circumferential velocity components of the airflow to direct airflow axially. It should be appreciated that although a single inlet 75 is illustrated by way of example, additional inlets 75 could be utilized to aid in distributing flow between the two compressor sections 50, 52.

(30) In this disclosed example, the inlet scroll 78 is disposed axially between the first compressor section 50 and the second compressor section 52. The compressor generator 76 is also disposed substantially between the first compressor section 50 and the second compressor section 52. The compressor generator 76 may be arranged in other regions within the compressor section 24 within the scope and contemplation of this disclosure.

(31) Referring to FIG. 7, with continued reference to FIGS. 2 and 5, an example diffuser section 84 is shown that communicates airflow from the compressor sections 50, 52 to the combustor 56. The example diffuser section 84 includes first conduits 62 with first outlets 90 that communicate airflow from the first compressor section 50 to the combustor 56. The diffuser 84 includes second conduits 68 with second outlets 92 that communicate airflow from the second compressor section 52 to the combustor 56. The first and second conduits 66, 68 extend forward around the inlet 75 of the inlet scroll 78. The first outlets 90 and the second outlets 92 are spaced circumferentially about the combustor 56. In this disclosed example, the first outlets 90 alternate circumferentially with the second outlets 92 about the combustor 56 to provide a uniform distribution of airflow from respective compressor sections 50, 52. In one disclosed embodiment, the number of first conduits 66 and second conduits 68 are the same.

(32) The axial orientation of the first compressor 50 and the second compressor section 52 relative to the combustor 56 results in the second compressor section 52 being spaced axially further from the combustor 56 than the first compressor 50. Accordingly, the second conduits 68 are axially longer than the first conduits 66. The difference in axial length between the first conduits 66 and the second conduits 68 may result in differences in airflow characteristics at respective outlets 90, 92. Accordingly, in another disclosed embodiment, the number and flow areas of the first conduits 66 and the second conduits 68 may be different to accommodate differences in airflow characteristics caused by the different axial distance. Moreover, although the disclosed outlets 90, 92 are disclosed as being substantially round, other shapes could be utilized and are within the contemplation of this disclosure.

(33) In one disclosed embodiment, a first airflow 66 through a first outlet 64 from the first compressor section 50 is substantially equal to a second airflow 72 through a second outlet 70 from the second compressor section 52. Because the second compressor section 52 is powered by the compressor electric motor 74, the second compressor section 52 does not induce a load on the high pressure turbine 54. Reducing a load on the high pressure turbine 54 provides structural changes that can improve engine efficiency. The reduced load on the high pressure turbine 54 can improve reaction changes between engine operating conditions. Accordingly, the high pressure turbine 54 may react faster to changes in throttle positions to provide different engine thrust levels.

(34) Additionally, a lower capacity high pressure turbine 54 may be utilized due to the reduction in load requirements. Alternatively, the high pressure turbine 54 may be sized to accommodate loads for operating conditions that occur most often during an engine operating cycle. For example, the high pressure turbine 54 could be sized and configured to operate the first compressor section 50 to accommodate cruise thrust conditions. The second compressor section 52 could be operated at a reduced capacity, or not at all in the cruise conditions and engaged during increased thrust demand conditions, such as during takeoff conditions.

(35) Alternatively, according to another example embodiment, the compressor electric motor 74 may drive the second compressor section 52 at a speed different than that of the first compressor section 50. The different speed may be faster or slower than the first compressor section 50 to provide a variable amount of compressed airflow to the combustor 56 to accommodate different engine thrust levels.

(36) Referring to FIG. 8, with continued reference to FIG. 2, the example gas turbine engine 20 is shown schematically to show the electrical system that couples each of the generators 76, 96 to the corresponding motors 74, 94. In this disclosed embodiment, the turbine generator 96 is electrically coupled to the turbine motor 94 through a drive control T 108. The drive control T 108 is in communication with the engine FADEC 102 and also an aircraft computer 100. In this example, the turbine generator 96 is electrically coupled to the turbine motor 94 to provide matched operation. Electric power to operate the turbine motor 94 may be supplemented by a propulsion battery 104. In this example, the turbine generator 96 is driven by the intermediate turbine 40 through a shaft 34. However, the turbine generator 96 may be driven by other turbine sections or combinations of turbine sections. Power input by the turbine motor 94 reduces the power load on the intermediate pressure turbine 40 and low pressure turbine 46. The turbine control T 108 matches and adjusts speeds of the low pressure turbine 46, intermediate pressure turbine 40 and the turbine motor 94 to drive the fan section 22 at a predefined speed.

(37) In one disclosed example embodiment, the compressor generator 76 and compressor motor 74 are coupled electrically to provide substantially matched operation of the first compressor section 50 and the second compressor section 52. A drive control C 106 controls operation of the compressor generator 76 and the compressor motor 74 to match operation to accommodate engine operation. The drive control C 106 may draw electric power from the propulsion battery 104 to power the compressor electric motor 74. The electric power from the battery 104 may supplement electric power provided by the generator 76. The battery 104 may also provide all the power to the compressor motor 74.

(38) Referring to FIG. 9, a diagram is schematically shown and indicated at 110 to illustrate an example mode for controlling power flow of the disclosed compressor section 24. In this example, power generated by the burning of fuel illustrated as fuel power 115 is utilized to drive the high pressure turbine 54. As discussed above, fuel mixed with compressed air is ignited to generate the high energy exhaust gas flow that expands through the high pressure turbine 54. The high pressure turbine 54 converts the gas flow to mechanical power used to drive the first compressor section 50. In the illustrated example, the mechanical power generated from the fuel is split between driving the first compressor section 50 and driving the compressor generator 76. The power to the compressor generator 76 is in turn used to power the compressor motor 74 and ultimately the second compressor section 52. Power from the high pressure turbine 54 directly drives the first compressor section 50. The remaining power, less losses due to the conversion to electric power, is used to drive the compressor electric motor 74. The chart 128 illustrates how the input power to the high pressure turbine 54 flows to the compressor electric motor 74.

(39) In this example, the battery 104 is not utilized to drive the compressor motor 76. As is shown in graphs 116, 118, the compressor sections 50, 52 are operated with a flow that is derived from the power input from the high pressure turbine 54.

(40) Referring to FIG. 10, another diagram is schematically shown and indicated at 112 to illustrate another mode of power flow to the disclosed compressor sections 50, 52 when the battery 104 is utilized to supplement power to the compressor electric motor 74. In this example, power input from the battery 104 reduces the demand for power from the high pressure turbine 54 induced by the compressor generator 76. Accordingly, a greater percentage of power from the high pressure turbine 54 can be used to drive the first compressor section 50 as is shown by graph 120. Battery power is provided to the compressor electric motor 74 such that a reduced load is placed on the compressor generator 76 and thereby the high pressure turbine 54. The reduced load on the high pressure turbine 54 in combination with the supplemental power input from the battery 104 provides an overall net increase in compressor operation for both the first compressor section 50 indicated by graph 120 and the second compressor section 52 indicated by graph 122. The chart 130 indicates the power distribution across for this example mode of operation.

(41) Referring to FIG. 11, another diagram is schematically shown and indicated at 114 that illustrates another example mode of operation where a reduced amount of fuel power 115 is utilized such that the power generated by the high pressure turbine 54 is substantially reduced. Such a reduction of power derived from fuel provides significant fuel savings. Power to drive the second compressor section 52 is supplemented with power from the battery 104 to provide operation at levels substantially the same as those shown in FIG. 9 utilizing a higher level of power from fuel.

(42) Accordingly, supplementing operation of the compressor sections 50, 52 by operating the second compressor section 52 with power from a battery 104 can provide significant fuel savings. As is shown by graphs 124 and 126 as compared to graphs 116 and 118 in FIG. 9, substantial equal operation of the compressor sections 50, 52 is provided with half as much power derived from fuel. As is further shown in chart 132, a reduction in power for each of the high pressure turbine 54 and compressor electric generator 76 is provided by drawing power from the battery 104 to supplement compressor operation.

(43) Accordingly, operating a portion of the high pressure compressor section 24 by way of an electric motor 74 reduces loads on the high pressure turbine to provide different operating modes and significant reductions in fuel. Additionally, the example gas turbine engine 20 provides a compressor section 24 that is split such that it may supply the gas generator airflow for significantly greater engine efficiencies.

(44) Although an example embodiment has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this disclosure. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the scope and content of this disclosure.