Inkjet printhead for printing redundantly in four colors

Abstract

A pagewide printhead for printing redundantly in four colors. First and second rows of printhead chips are mounted on a common ink manifold having four ink supply channels for supplying four colors of ink to the first and second rows of printhead chips. Dedicated ink outlets interconnect one ink supply channel of the ink manifold with a pair of redundant nozzle rows in each printhead chip.

Claims

1. An inkjet printhead for printing redundantly in four colors, said printhead comprising: an ink manifold having first, second, third and fourth ink supply channels for supplying first, second, third and fourth inks, respectively; and first and second rows of printhead chips mounted on the ink manifold, wherein the ink manifold comprises: first ink outlets interconnecting the first ink supply channel with first and second nozzle rows in the first row of printhead chips; second ink outlets interconnecting the second ink supply channel with third and fourth nozzle rows in the first row of printhead chips; third ink outlets interconnecting the third ink supply channel with first and second nozzle rows in the second row of printhead chips; and fourth ink outlets interconnecting the fourth ink supply channel with third and fourth nozzle rows in the second row of printhead chips.

2. The printhead of claim 1, wherein the first, second, third and fourth inks are each independently selected from the group consisting of: cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the printhead chips in the first and second rows are butting.

4. The printhead of claim 1, wherein first and second rows of printhead chips have mirror symmetry, the second row of printhead chips being oppositely oriented relative to the first row of printhead chips.

5. The printhead of claim 4, wherein opposite distal longitudinal edges of printhead chips in the first and second rows have bond pads for electrical connection to the printhead chips.

6. The printhead of claim 1, wherein a distance between the first and second rows of printhead chips is less than 30 mm.

7. The printhead of claim 1, wherein the manifold is comprised of a metal alloy.

8. The printhead of claim 1, wherein each printhead chip comprises at least five nozzle rows, and wherein a center nozzle row is non-ejecting.

9. The printhead of claim 1, wherein all four inks are printed simultaneously for dot-on-dot full color single-pass printing.

10. The printhead of claim 1, wherein the nozzle rows are aligned in a printing direction for redundant printing.

11. The printhead of claim 1, wherein the first, second, third and fourth ink supply channels are parallel and extending longitudinally along a length of the printhead.

12. The printhead of claim 1, wherein the ink outlets extend perpendicularly with respect to the ink supply channels.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an inkjet printhead;

(3) FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective of the printhead;

(4) FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective of the printhead;

(5) FIG. 4 is a magnified view of a central portion of a casing of the printhead;

(6) FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective of a main body of the printhead with inlet and outlet couplings;

(7) FIG. 6 is a perspective of a fluid coupling;

(8) FIG. 7A is a sectional perspective through a first channel of the fluid coupling;

(9) FIG. 7B is a sectional perspective through a second channel of the fluid coupling;

(10) FIG. 8 is a magnified exploded perspective of an end of the main body with one fluid coupling removed;

(11) FIG. 9 is a magnified top perspective of an ink manifold with a flexible film removed;

(12) FIG. 10 is a sectional perspective of the ink manifold;

(13) FIG. 11 is a magnified cross-sectional perspective of the ink manifold with a shim and one row of printhead chips removed;

(14) FIG. 12 is a magnified bottom perspective of a lower surface of the ink manifold;

(15) FIG. 13 is a sectional side view of a shim and printhead chip mounting arrangement;

(16) FIG. 14 is a sectional bottom perspective of the shim and printhead chip mounting arrangement;

(17) FIG. 15 shows an individual printhead chip;

(18) FIG. 16 is a top perspective of part of the shim;

(19) FIG. 17 is a sectional side perspective of the printhead;

(20) FIG. 18 is a bottom perspective of part of the printhead; and

(21) FIG. 19 is a magnified bottom perspective of the printhead with a shield plate and one row of encapsulant removed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(22) Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4, there is shown an inkjet printhead 1 in the form of a replaceable printhead cartridge for user insertion in a printer (not shown). The printhead 1 comprises an elongate molded plastics casing 3 having a first casing part 3A and a second casing part 3B positioned at either side of a central locator 4. The central locator 4 has an alignment notch 5 for positioning the printhead cartridge 1 relative to a print module, such as a print module of the type described in US2017/0313061, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The first and second casing parts 3A and 3B are biased towards each other and the central locator 4 by means of a spring clip 6 engaged between the first and second casing parts (see FIG. 4). The two-part casing 3 in combination with the spring clip 6 enables the casing to expand longitudinally, at least to some extent, to accommodate a degree of longitudinal expansion in a main body 17 of the printhead 1. This arrangement minimizes stress or bowing of the main body 17 of the printhead 1 during use.

(23) Inlet connectors 7A of a multi-channel inlet coupling 8A protrude upwards through openings at one end of the casing 3; and outlet connectors 7B of a multichannel outlet coupling 8B protrude upwards through opening at an opposite end of the casing (only two inlet connectors and two outlet connectors shown in FIG. 1). The inlet and outlet connectors 7A and 7B are configured for coupling with complementary fluid couplings (not shown) supplying ink to and from the printhead. The complementary fluid couplings may be, for example, part of an ink delivery module and/or print module of the type described in US2017/0313061.

(24) The printhead 1 receives power and data signals via opposite rows of electrical contacts 13, which extend along respective sidewalls of the printhead. The electrical contacts 13 are configured to receive power and data signals from complementary contacts of a printer (not shown) or print module and deliver the power and data to printhead chips 70 via a PCB, as will be explained in more detail below.

(25) As shown in FIG. 2, the printhead 1 comprises a first row 14 and a second row 16 of printhead chips for printing onto print media (not shown) passing beneath the printhead. Each row of printhead chips is configured for printing two colors of ink, such that the printhead 1 is a full color pagewide printhead capable of printing four ink colors (CMYK). The printhead 1 is generally symmetrical about a longitudinal plane bisecting the first row 14 and the second row 16 of printhead chips, notwithstanding the different ink colors in the printhead during use.

(26) In the exploded perspective shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the main body 17 forms a rigid core of the printhead 1 for mounting various other components. In particular, the casing 3 is snap-fitted to an upper part of the main body 17; the inlet and outlet couplings 8A and 8B (enshrouded by the casing 3) are connected to opposite ends of the main body; a pair of PCBs 18 are attached to a lower part of the main body (which are in turn covered by a shield plate 20); and a plurality of leads 22 (which define the electrical contacts 13) are mounted to opposite sidewalls of the main body.

(27) Referring to FIG. 5, the main body 17 is itself a two-part machined structure comprising an elongate manifold 25 and a complementary cover plate 27. The manifold 25 functions as a carrier having a unitary lower surface for mounting both the first and second rows 14 and 16 of printhead chips. The manifold 25 is received between a pair of opposed flanges 29, which extend downwardly from opposite longitudinal sides of the cover plate 27. The flanges 29 are configured for snap-locking engagement with complementary snap-locking features 26 of the manifold 25 to form the assembled main body 17.

(28) The manifold 25 and cover plate 27 are formed of a metal alloy material having excellent stiffness and a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion (e.g. Invar). In combination, the manifold 25 and cover plate 27 provide a stiff, rigid structure at the core of the printhead 1 with minimal expansion along its longitudinal axis. As foreshadowed above, the casing 3 is configured so as not to constrain any longitudinal expansion of the main body 17 and thereby minimizes bowing of the printhead during use. Accordingly, the printhead 1 may be provided as an A4-length printhead or an A3-length printhead. It is an advantage of the present invention that a single pagewide printhead may be configured up to A3-length (i.e. up to 300 mm). Hitherto, pagewide printing onto A3-sized media was only possible via multiple printhead modules stitched together in a pagewide array and the printhead 1, therefore, expands the commercial viability for A3-sized, color pagewide printing.

(29) FIG. 6 shows in detail one of the multi-channel fluid couplings 8, which may be either the inlet coupling 8A or the outlet coupling 8B. However, for the purposes of describing features in connection with FIG. 6, the fluid coupling 8 shown is assumed to be the inlet coupling 8A.

(30) The fluid coupling 8 is designed to transfer four colors of ink through a 90-degree angle for vertical coupling of the printhead 1 to, for example, a complementary fluid coupling of a print module, whilst ensuring that four fluid connectors can be geometrically accommodated within the space constraints of the printhead and its surrounds. Furthermore, the fluid coupling 8 is designed to equalize any pressure drops through the fluid coupling, such that the four ink colors have the same or similar relative pressures when they enters the manifold 25.

(31) Referring then to FIGS. 6, 7A and 7B, the fluid coupling 8 comprises four inlet ports 9A-D, which extend vertically upwards from a coupling body 10, and corresponding outlet ports 11A-D extending from the coupling body perpendicular to the inlet ports. The inlet ports 9A-9D are radially arranged about the coupling body 10, such that the two outer inlet ports 9A and 9D are relatively proximal their respective outlet ports 11A and 11D; and the two inner inlet ports 9B and 9C are relatively distal their respective outlet ports. The radial arrangement of the inlet ports 9A-9D enables the inlet ports to be accommodated within the space constraints of a print module (not shown) engaged with the printhead. Furthermore, the inlet ports have coplanar upper surfaces for simultaneous vertical engagement/disengagement during printhead insertion/removal.

(32) Each ink entering the fluid coupling 8 has a carefully controlled respective hydrostatic pressure (e.g. by virtue of an upstream pressure regulator) and it is important that the relative hydrostatic pressures of the inks are not changed as the inks flow through the fluid coupling. For example, the four inks may enter the inlets ports 9A-9D with equal hydrostatic pressures and it is desirable that these inks exit the outlet ports 11A-11D into the manifold 25 with equal hydrostatic pressures. A degree of pressure drop is, to some extent, inevitable as each ink experiences flow resistance (i.e. viscous drag) through the fluid coupling 8; however, it is important that the pressure drops are equalized for all inks despite the longer fluidic paths for the two inks flowing through the two inner inlet ports 9B and 9C. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 7B, a fluid channel 12B connecting the inlet port 9B with the outlet port 11B has a roof 13B sloped upwards from towards the inlet port 9B. A roof 13C of a corresponding fluidic channel connecting the inlet port 9C and the outlet port 11C is, likewise, sloped upwards towards the inlet port 9C. By contrast the fluid channel 12A connecting inlet port 9A with the outlet port 11A does not have a similarly sloped roof, requiring the fluid to turn through a tighter angle without assistance from a more curved fluid path.

(33) Thus, the roof configuration of the two inner fluid channels 12B and 12C has the effect of negating any additional flow resistance that might be caused by their relatively longer fluidic paths compared to the two outer fluid channels 12A and 12D. Thus, a pressure drop through the fluid coupling 8 is the same or similar for all four fluid channels 12A-12D and each of the four outlet ports 11A-11D will have equal hydrostatic pressures when inks entering the four inlet ports 9A-D have equal hydrostatic pressures. By contrast, fluid connectors for printheads known in the art, such as the fluid connector described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,399,069 (assigned to HP, Inc.), have appreciable differences in flow resistances (and pressure drops) for various fluid channels with different lengths.

(34) FIG. 8 is a magnified view of an outlet end of the manifold 25 and cover plate 27 together with the outlet coupling 8B. It will be seen that the cover plate 27 has a plurality of vent holes 30 spaced apart along its length, which are open to atmosphere so as to allow free flexing of a flexible film 31 attached to an upper part of the manifold 25. The function of the flexible film 31 will be described in further detail below.

(35) Still referring to FIG. 8, the multi-channel outlet coupling 8B receives ink from manifold ports 34 at one end of the manifold 25. Likewise, the multi-channel inlet coupling 8A delivers ink to manifolds ports 34 at an opposite end of the manifold 25. Of course, alternative coupling arrangements are within the ambit of the present invention.

(36) Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, the ink manifold 25 comprises four ink supply channels 40 extending longitudinally and parallel with manifold sidewalls 41. Each ink supply channel 40 is supplied with ink from a manifold port 34 at one end of the manifold 25 and ink exits the ink supply channel via a manifold outlet 34 at an opposite end of the manifold. The ink supply channels 40 are capped by the flexible film 31, covering an upper part of the manifold 25, with the flexible film 31 including a plurality of discrete corrugated sections or bellows 43.

(37) Typically, printing systems are developed with several subsystems having differing fluidic response frequencies and the bellows 43 are designed to respond rapidly to hydrostatic pressure changes in the printhead 1. In order to maintain optimum ejection performance, internal pressures within the printhead 1 should optimally be maintained within a relatively narrow pressure window so as to allow nozzle refill consistency. Since ink delivery systems, which supply ink to the printhead 1, typically have a relatively slow response to dynamic pressure changes, rapid refill of inkjet nozzles in the printhead is controlled locally by the bellows 43 taking up an ejected volume of ink until the ink delivery system can respond. Similarly, the bellows 43 also perform a dampening function and can “absorb” pressure spikes when printing at full ink flow stops suddenly.

(38) It will be appreciated that the number and configuration of bellows 43 may be modified to optimize the performance of the printhead 1. In particular, the number and configuration of bellows 43 may be optimized to minimize undesirable resonance effects along the length of the ink supply channel 40. In this way, high ink demand in one portion of the ink supply channel 40 can be met by a number of bellows 43, without inducing a standing wave across an entire length of the flexible film 31. The bellows 43 may be separated into discretely operating units either by being spaced apart along the length of the film (e.g. with intervening planar sections of the film), or, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, by dividing the flexible film 31 into longitudinal sections using transverse baffles 45. The baffles 45 minimize generation of standing waves along a whole length of the film 31, whilst enabling the film to be molded from a single piece covering all four ink supply channels, thereby facilitating fabrication of the printhead 1.

(39) It will be further appreciated that the bellows 43 can respond to pressure fluctuations without requiring air boxes, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,025,383. Therefore, the printhead 1 is suitable for use with degassed inks.

(40) As best seen in FIG. 10, the bellows 43 ‘hang’ from an upper surface of the manifold 25 into each of the ink supply channels 40. The bellows 43 hang down to a level corresponding to a level of the manifold ports 34, such that any air bubbles cannot become trapped in a headspace of the ink supply channels 40 below the bellows. Thus, if undesired air bubbles enter the ink supply channels 40, then these can be flushed out of the manifold 25 with a flow of ink through the manifold ports 34, rather than becoming trapped in a headspace above the ink flow.

(41) Still referring to FIG. 10, the four ink supply channels 40 are arranged in pairs, with each pair being separated by a longitudinal dividing wall 44. A relatively thicker longitudinal central wall 46 separates the two pairs of ink channels 40. At a base 48 of each ink supply channel 40 and at opposite sides of the dividing wall 44 are defined a plurality of through-holes 50. The through-holes 50 supply ink to two parallel rows of printhead chips 70, as will now be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13.

(42) The through-holes 50 corresponding to one pair of ink supply channels 40 extend downwardly from the bases 48 of the ink supply channels towards a lower surface 52 of the manifold 25. Each through-hole 50 has a first portion 54 which meets with a cavity roof 55 of a longitudinal ink cavity 60 defined in the lower surface 52 of the manifold 25. A longitudinal rib 58 extends downwardly from the cavity roof 55 and divides the longitudinal ink cavity 60 into a pair of longitudinal ink feed channels 56 positioned at opposite sides of the rib. The longitudinal rib 58 has an end surface 59 coplanar with the lower surface 52 of the manifold.

(43) The longitudinal ink cavity 60 has cavity sidewalls 62, which extend downwardly from the cavity roof 55 to meet with the lower surface 52 of the manifold 25. A second portion 64 of each through-hole 50 extends beyond the cavity roof 55 to meet with the lower surface 52. In this way, the second portions 64 of the through-holes 50 form notches in the cavity sidewalls 62. Similarly, and as best shown in FIG. 11, at least part of the first portions 54 of the through-holes 50 form notches in opposite sides of the dividing wall 44.

(44) The notches defined by the second portions 64 of the through-holes 50 provide a space for air bubbles to expand and rise away from the printhead chips 70 during use. In the embodiment shown, the through-holes 50 are circular in cross-section with the first portion 54 and second portion 64 being generally semi-circular. However, it will be appreciated that the through-holes 50 may be of any suitable cross-sectional shape for optimizing ink flow and bubble management.

(45) As best shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, an Invar shim 66 is adhesively bonded to the lower surface 52 of the manifold 25 and the coplanar end surfaces 59 of the longitudinal ribs 58 so as to bridge across each of the longitudinal ink feed channels 56. Thus, the shim 66 seals across the second portions 64 of the through-holes 50, which meet with the lower surface 52 of the manifold 25.

(46) In the embodiment shown, the shim 66 is a single-part shim bonded to the lower surface 52 of the manifold 25 so as to bridge across all four longitudinal ink feed channels 56 corresponding to the four colors of ink. Rows of butting printhead chips 70 are adhesively bonded to the shim 66 over a respective pair of ink feed channels 56 to form the first row 14 and the second row 16 of printhead chips.

(47) The Invar shim 66, shown in isolation in FIG. 16, provides a stable platform for each row of printhead chips 70 with negligible thermal expansion during use. The shim 66 has a comparable thickness to the printhead chips 70 (e.g. about 100 to 1000 microns in thickness). Effectively, the Invar shim 66 enables construction of long printheads based on a monolithic manifold to which a plurality of printhead chips can be mounted.

(48) Use of a singular shim 66 having a pair of longitudinal shim sections 66A and 66B minimizes relative skew of the first row 14 and second row 16 of printhead chips 70 by ensuring parallelism between the two shim sections 66A and 66B. Alignment of the shim 66 relative to the manifold 25 is facilitated using mechanical alignment tabs 61 on the shim, which engage with alignment features 63 in the form of recesses defined in the lower surface (see FIG. 14). It will be appreciated that the shim 66 has a number of alignment tabs 61 positioned for engagement with a corresponding plurality of alignment features 63 in the manifold 63. A plurality of alignment tabs 61 ensures alignment in both x- and y-axes.

(49) A central longitudinal portion of the shim 66 defines voids 68 between a series of shim trusses 67 connecting the two main longitudinal sections 66A and 66B. Accordingly, a region between the first row 14 and second row 16 of printhead chips 70 is relatively thermally isolated from the lower surface 52 of the manifold 25, which acts a heat sink cooled by ink circulating through the manifold. Thermal isolation of this central region of the printhead 1 assists in minimizing cool spots between the first row 14 and second row 16 and advantageously minimizes condensation of ink onto the underside of the printhead during printing.

(50) In use, each row of printhead chips 70 receives two inks from a respective pair of ink supply channels 40. Ink is supplied into the pair of longitudinal ink feed channels 56 via the through-holes 50, and thence into the backsides the printhead chips 70 via a pair of longitudinal shim slots 69 defined in each longitudinal shim section 66A and 66B. The longitudinal shim slots 69 extend along opposite sides of a longitudinal shim rib 72, which is itself aligned with the longitudinal rib 58 of the manifold 25.

(51) The longitudinal ink feed channels 56 provide an open ink channel architecture, whereby a relatively large body of ink is in close proximity to the backsides of the printhead chips 70. This arrangement is suitable for printing at high print frequencies, whilst ensuring that inkjet nozzles in the printhead chips do not become starved of ink. Furthermore, the enlarged through-holes 50, each having a second portion 64 meeting with the shim 66 and offset from the printhead chips 70, provide a bubble-tolerant architecture whereby the risk of trapped air bubbles blocking a flow of ink into the printhead chips is minimized. Moreover, the first portions 54 and second portions 64 of the through-holes 50 facilitate venting of trapped air bubbles into the ink supply channels from where any air bubbles may be readily flushed from the printhead 1.

(52) Ink is supplied from the shim slots 72 to corresponding ink delivery slots defined in the backside of each printhead chip 70. A typical Memjet® printhead chip 70, shown in FIG. 15, comprises five color channels for potentially printing five inks. Five color channels in a single printhead chip provides flexibility for various different printing configurations and, hitherto, Memjet® printhead chips 70 have been plumbed for printing CMYK(IR), as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,524,016; CMYKK as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,613,502, CCMMY as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,441,862, or monochrome (e.g. KKKKK) as described in US 2017/0313067, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. In the printhead 1, the first row 14 contains Memjet® printhead chips 70, which are typically plumbed for printing two colors of ink and the second row 16 contains Memjet® printhead chips, which are typically plumbed for printing two different colors of ink for full-color (CMYK) printing. Thus, the printhead 1 only makes use of four of the five available color channels in the Memjet® printhead chip. As shown in FIG. 15, two outer color channels 71A are used to print one color of ink fed from a respective ink feed channel 56; two opposite outer color channels 71B are used to print another color of ink fed from another respective ink feed channel; and the central color channel 71C contains a dummy row of non-ejecting nozzles, which do not receive any ink from the manifold 25. As best shown in FIG. 13, a central portion of the printhead chip 70 corresponding to the dummy color channel 71C is aligned with the longitudinal rib 58 of the manifold 25 to provide additional mechanical support for mounting the printhead chip. A backside ink delivery slot corresponding to the dummy channel 71C in the printhead chip 70 may be non-etched or only partially etched to provide additional mechanical support. In some embodiments, partial etching of backside channels may be useful for accommodating adhesive squeeze-out during mounting of the printhead chips 70.

(53) Notwithstanding the mechanical advantages of the central dummy color channel 71C in the printhead chip 70, additional advantages may be achieved in terms of temperature regulation. Although the row(s) of nozzles corresponding to the dummy color channel 71C do not receive any ink, they may still be electrically connected to a printer controller in order to heat the printhead chip, as required. Temperature regulation across all color channels in a printhead chip is important for achieving consistent print quality and a central dummy row of non-ejecting nozzles, each having an active heater element, may be used achieve improved temperature regulation across the printhead chip.

(54) Turning to FIGS. 17 to 19, the electrical wiring arrangements for the printhead 1 will now be described in more detail. A pair of longitudinal PCBs 18 flank the first row 14 and second row 16 of printhead chips 70 at opposite sides thereof, each PCB being bonded to the lower surface 52 of the manifold 25. Each PCB 18 comprises a rigid substrate (e.g. FR-4 substrate) for mounting of various electronics components and has one edge butting against a step 74 defined in the lower surface 52 of the manifold 25. Each PCB 18 extends laterally outwards beyond the sidewalls 41 of the manifold 25. The shield plate 20 is bonded to a lower surface of each PCB 18 and surrounds the first and second rows 14 and 16 of printhead chips 70 as well as a central longitudinal region between the first and second rows. The protruding portions of each PCB 18 and the shield plate 20 define opposite wings 75 of the printhead 1, while a uniformly planar lower surface of the shield plate 20 is configured for engagement with a perimeter capper (not shown) surrounding both rows of printhead chips.

(55) An edge of each PCB 18 proximal a respective row of printhead chips 70 has a respective row of pinouts 77, each pinout being connected to a respective bond pad 73 on one of the printhead chips via a wirebond connection (not shown). An encapsulant 79 protects the wirebonds and extends between the proximal edge of each PCB 18 and an opposed edge of the printhead chips 70 containing the bond pads 73. The PCBs 18 generate heat and warm the shield plate 20 exposed to ink aerosol during printing. As foreshadowed above, a central portion of the shield plate 20 is relatively thermally isolated from the manifold 25 by virtue of the voids 68 defined in the shim 66. Accordingly, condensation of ink onto a central longitudinal region of the shield plate 20, between the first row 14 and second row 16 of printhead chips 70, is minimized.

(56) As best seen in FIG. 17, a row of contact pads 80 extends longitudinally along a distal edge portion of an upper surface of each PCB 18. Each lead 22 has one end connected to a contact pad 80 and extends upwardly towards a respective sidewall of the main body 17. The leads 22 have an upper portion mounted to a respective flange 29 of the cover plate 27 via a lead retainer 24 affixed thereto, and a lower portion which flares laterally outwards towards the contact pads 80. Each lead 22 also has a portion defining the electrical contact 13 for connection to external power and data connectors of a printer. In this way, each row of printhead chips 70 receives power and data from the electrical contacts 13 via respective leads 22 and a respective PCB 18 adjacent the row of printhead chips.

(57) The printhead 1 described hereinabove therefore has a number of features for addressing the challenges of pagewide printing, especially full-color pagewide printing using relatively long printheads.

(58) It will, of course, be appreciated that the present invention has been described by way of example only and that modifications of detail may be made within the scope of the invention, which is defined in the accompanying claims.