Apparatus For Filling A Container With Bulk Material

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for filling a container with bulk material, having a storage container for the bulk material with a closable lid and an outlet, a metering device arranged below the storage container, a pneumatic conveying device for conveying the bulk material with the aid of compressed air into the container to be filled via a conveying hose with a blow-out lance at the free end, wherein a control device for controlling the filling process is provided. In order to be able to ensure that the filling process is terminated on time, an electro-optical distance-measuring device which is connected to the control device is arranged with a light guide for measuring the filling level of the bulk material in the container during the filling process, and a suction-removal nozzle is arranged coaxially around the blow-out lance at the blow-out lance, wherein the free end of the light guide of the electro-optical distance measuring device is arranged at the region of the blow-out lance on the suction-removal nozzle.

Claims

1. An apparatus for filling a first container with sand, for use in sanding systems to support braking and drive technology of rail vehicles, the apparatus comprising: a storage container for the sand with a closable lid and an outlet; a metering device arranged below the storage container; a pneumatic conveying device for conveying the sand with compressed air into the first container to be filled via a conveying hose with a blow-out lance at a free end of the conveying hose; a control device for controlling configured to control a filling process of the first container; a suction-removal nozzle arranged on the blow-out lance, the suction-removal nozzle to a suction and dedusting device with a filter and a dust collecting container via a suction hose; and an electro-optical distance-measuring device connected to the control device and arranged with a light guide for measuring a filling level of the sand in the first container during the filling process, the control device connected to a second measuring device configured to detect a filling level of the sand in the first container and to a sensor in the storage container for detecting the filling level of the sand in the storage container, the measuring device and the sensor connected to a superordinate control exchange center, the suction-removal nozzle coaxially arranged around the blow-out lance, the free end of the light guide of the electro-optical distance measuring device arranged at a region of the blow-out lance on the suction-removal nozzle.

2. The filling apparatus of to claim 1, wherein the light guide is arranged in a protective tube.

3. The filling apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electro-optical distance measuring device includes a laser distance measuring device.

4. The filling apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to deactivate conveyance of the sand responsive to the electro-optical distance measuring device measuring a predetermined filling level of the sand in the first container.

5. The filling apparatus of claim 4, wherein the control device is configured to delay deactivation of conveyance of the sand over a predetermined duration.

6. The filling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control device is wirelessly connected to the measuring device for detecting the filling level of the sand in the first container.

7. The filling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to direct a display to depict the filling level of the sand in the first container.

8. The filling apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a sensor connected to the control device, disposed in the conveying device, and configured to detect flow of the sand.

9. The filling apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: an actuating element arranged on the blow-out lance and connected to the control device.

10. The filling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conveying device comprises an injector with a plurality of bores for the compressed air, wherein a central bore of the plurality of bores is centrally arranged in the injector with other bores of the plurality of bores arranged in a circle around the central bore at equal angular distances from one another.

11. An apparatus, comprising: a conveying device configured to convey bulk material toward a container via a conveying hose having a blow-out lance; and a removal nozzle arranged at the blow-out lance, the removal nozzle configured to remove dust from the blow-out lance during filling of the container with the bulk material.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the removal nozzle is configured to be displaced relative to and in a longitudinal direction of the blow-out lance of the conveying hose.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the removal nozzle is configured to be both displaceable and fixable in the longitudinal direction of the blow-out lance of the conveying hose.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the removal nozzle is coaxially arranged around the blow-out lance.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising: an electro-optical distance measuring device having a light guide with a free end, the electro-optical distance measuring device configured to measure a level of the bulk material in the container, the light guide arranged on the removal nozzle.

16. An apparatus, comprising: a conveying device configured to convey bulk material from a first container to a second container via a conveying hose; an electro-optical measuring device configured to measure a level of the bulk material in the second container using a light guide disposed at an end of the conveying hose; and a removal nozzle configured to remove dust from the end of the conveying hose, the removal nozzle configured to be displaced relative to the end of the conveying hose along a longitudinal direction, the removal nozzle also configured to be fixed along the longitudinal direction.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the removal nozzle is coaxially arranged around a blow-out lance at the end of the conveying hose.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the light guide of the electro-optical measuring device is disposed within a protective tube.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the conveying device is configured to convey the bulk material using compressed air.

20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the electro-optical measuring device is configured to measure distances using laser light.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Therein:

[0022] FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a device for filling a container with bulk material with an electro-optical distance measuring device for measuring the filling level of the bulk material in the container during the filling process;

[0023] FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of the filling apparatus in the container to be filled for the bulk material;

[0024] FIG. 3 shows a detail of a device designed as an injector for pneumatically conveying the bulk material; and

[0025] FIG. 4 shows the time profiles of the filling level in the container to be filled and of the compressed air for operating a conveying device of the filling apparatus during the filling with bulk material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In FIG. 1, a schematic view of a device 1 for filling a container B with bulk material 2, in particular sand, with an electro-optical distance measuring device 14 for measuring the filling level V of the bulk material 2 in the container B during the filling process is represented. The device 1 has a storage container 3 for the bulk material 2 with a closable lid 4, preferably on the upper side. Arranged on the lower side of the storage container 3 is an outlet 5, via which the bulk material 2 passes into the dosing device 6 arranged there below. In the present construction of the filling apparatus 1, the storage container 3 is not designed as a pressure container, which is why it can be formed from light metal, for example aluminium or an aluminium alloy, or even plastic, and has a relatively low weight. The storage container 3 is preferably substantially cylindrical and tapered toward the outlet 5. A visual check of the filling level V of the bulk material 2 in the storage container 3 can be carried out via a viewing glass 11 which may be in the storage container 3. Alternatively or additionally, sensors 13 for detecting the filling level V of the bulk material 2 can also be arranged in the storage container 3. Sensors 13 of this type can be implemented in various ways, for example as capacitive or optical sensors. The filling level V can be given as a percentage of the volume of the storage container 3, as the height of the filling of the storage container 3 with the bulk material 2, as the volume of the bulk material 2 present in the storage container 3 or also as the weight of the bulk material 2 present in the storage container 3.

[0027] Arranged preferably below the metering device 6 is a pneumatic conveying device 7 for conveying the bulk material 2, which can be designed, for example, in the form of an injector 9 with a plurality of bores 10, 10 for the compressed air P (see FIG. 3). A pressure relief valve 12 can preferably be arranged on the top side of the storage container 3, via which excess pressure can escape, when filling the storage container 3. The compressed air P is provided via a compressed air connection 23 or its own compressor 24 and is guided via a pressure regulator 19 to the various points, in particular the pneumatic conveying device 7 and, if necessary, pneumatically designed metering device 6. Via the pressure regulator 19, influence can be exerted in a very simple manner on the discharge quantity of the bulk material 2 via the outlet 5 in the storage container 3.

[0028] Connected to the outlet of the pneumatic conveying device 7 is the conveying hose 8, via which the bulk material 2 is transported in a substantially floating manner through the conveying hose 8. Arranged at the free end of the conveying hose 8 is a blow-out lance 25, which represents the connecting piece to the filler neck of the container B to be filled, for example in a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle. The blow-out lance 2 is preferably designed as a thick-walled stainless-steel tube and is provided in a corresponding length depending on the respective vehicle type. A sensor 22 for measuring the flow of the bulk material 2 can be arranged in the pneumatic conveying device 7, which sensor can provide important information about any obstruction or an irregular conveying of the bulk material 2.

[0029] To control the filling process, a control device 20 is provided, which is connected to the most important components of the filling apparatus 1, to the sensor 22 for detecting the flow of the bulk material, or to an actuating element 31 preferably arranged at the end of the conveying hose 8 or of the blow-out lance 25. The control device 20 is supplied with electric power via a corresponding electric line 32. Alternatively or additionally, an energy store 36, in particular an accumulator, can be provided, which ensures the supply of electrical energy to the electrical components for the duration of the filling process.

[0030] According to the invention, an electro-optical distance measuring device 14 is provided with a light guide 15 for measuring the filling level V of the bulk material 2 in the container B during the filling process, wherein the free end 16 of the light guide 15 is arranged in the region of the blow-out lance 25. The electro-optical distance measuring device 14, which may be formed, for example, by a laser distance measuring device, is connected to the control device 20. The light guide 15 can be arranged in a protective tube 17 (see FIG. 2). If the electro-optical distance measuring device 14 detects a predetermined maximum filling level V.sub.max of the bulk material 2 in the container B, the control device 20 can deactivate the conveying of the bulk material 2, if necessary, with a secondary blowing function (see FIG. 4). In addition, a further measuring device 18 for detecting the filling level V of the bulk material 2 in the container B can be arranged on the container B, which can also provide information about the current filling level V in the container B outside the filling processes (see also FIG. 2).

[0031] Arranged on the blow-out lance 25 is preferably a suction-removal nozzle 26, which is preferably displaceable and fixable in the longitudinal direction of the blow-out lance 25, so that a corresponding adaptation to the respective structural conditions can take place. Any dust produced during the filling process is sucked off via the suction-removal nozzle 26 and collected along a suction hose 27 in a suction and dedusting device 28, preferably with a filter 29 and a dust collection container 30. As a result, contamination can be prevented or at least reduced and a hazard to the personnel by the dust can be avoided.

[0032] If all the components of the filling apparatus 1 are arranged on a suitable carrier platform and wheels 34 or the like are provided thereto, the filling apparatus 1 can be easily moved to the container 3 to be filled, resulting in shorter conveying paths, and consequently lowering energy costs. If at least one wheel 34 is connected to a corresponding drive 35, the movement of the filling apparatus 1 can be facilitated.

[0033] FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of the filling apparatus 1 in the container B to be filled for the bulk material 2. The blow-out lance 25 at the free end of the conveying hose 8 is inserted into a filling opening in the container B during the filling process. A suction-removal nozzle 26 is arranged coaxially around the blow-out lance 25 and is connected via a suction hose 27 to a suction and dedusting device 28, preferably to a filter 29 and a dust collection container 30 (see FIG. 1). In the exemplary embodiment shown, the suction-removal nozzle 26 is arranged in the form of a jacket around the blow-out lance 25, so that an annular gap is formed between them, via which the dust formed during the filling process is suctioned off. The light guide 15 of the electro-optical distance measuring device 14 is preferably arranged on the suction-removal nozzle 26 and suitably oriented so that the filling level V of the bulk material 2 in the container B can be detected during the filling process. The suction of the dust ensures that the free end of the light guide 15 remains clean and allows a reliable distance measurement for determining the filling level V. The light guide 15 is guided in a protective tube 17 to the electro-optical distance measuring device 14, for example along or in a casing (not shown) of the conveying tube 8. If a certain predetermined maximum filling level V.sub.max, which is, for example, 80% of the volume in the container, is reached, a corresponding message is sent to the control device 20, which stops the conveyance of the bulk material 2 or stops it after a set period of time t.

[0034] In addition, a further measuring device 18 for detecting the filling level V of the bulk material 2 in the container B can be arranged on the container B, which can also provide information about the current filling level V in the container B and forward it by means of a transmitter 21 to superordinate exchange centre stations 38.

[0035] FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of a detail of a pneumatic conveying device 7 designed as an injector 9. The injector 9 has a plurality of, preferably at least 5, bores 10, 10, wherein a bore 10 extends centrally and the other bores 10 are arranged in a circle around the central bore 10, preferably at equal angular distances from one another. The outer bores 10 arranged around the central bore 10 can be arranged to extend conically outwards, for example at an angle of between 2.5 and 7.5 degrees. This construction of a so-called propelling jet injector ensures an optimum conveying of the bulk material 2 in the conveying hose 8 with an optimum flow profile of the compressed air P in the outlet of the injector 9 and thereby enables a quasi-suspended conveying of the bulk material 2 within the conveying hose 8 to the container B to be filled.

[0036] Finally, FIG. 4 shows the time profiles of the filling level V of the bulk material 2 in the container B to be filled and of the compressed air P for operating the pneumatic conveying device 7 of the filling apparatus 1 during the filling process. At time t.sub.A, the pneumatic conveying device 7 is activated by applying the compressed air P to the pneumatic conveying device 7 at an operating pressure P.sub.A. The filling level V or the volume of bulk material 2 in the container B rises substantially linearly over time t from a certain residual filling level V located in the container B, which is above a minimum filling level V.sub.min. If a predetermined maximum filling level V.sub.max of bulk material 2 in the container B is now detected with the optoelectronic distance measuring device 14 according to the invention, the conveyance of the bulk material 2 is terminated at time t.sub.E and the compressed air P is switched off. According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, however, the pneumatic conveying device 7 is continued to be operated over a presetable period of time t, that is to say, compressed air P is blown further into the pneumatic conveying device 7, as a result of which the conveying device 7 and the conveying hose 8 can be blown free of bulk material 2. Depending on the length of the conveying hose 8, the duration t of the blowing function can be, for example, between 3 and 10 seconds. Instead of a preset duration t, the end of the flow of bulk material 2 through the conveying hose 8 can also be detected with the aid of suitably arranged sensors, and the compressed air P can then be switched off. At the time t.sub.E+t, the compressed air P is deactivated and thus the conveyance of the bulk material 2 is cut off.

[0037] Through the interaction of the electro-optical distance measuring device 14 with the control device 20, a reliable automatic shutdown of the filling apparatus 1 can be ensured and a rapid, dust-free filling of the container B with bulk material 2 can be achieved. By means of an additional measuring device 18 for detecting the filling level V of the bulk material 2 in the container B, a sensor for detecting the filling level V of the bulk material 2 in the storage container 3 and its connection, for example via an exchange centre station 38, it can moreover be ensured that the storage container 3 is filled with bulk material 2 in good time and each container B is always filled with a sufficient amount of bulk material 2, which is absolutely necessary, for example, for a journey of a rail vehicle along a planned route.