Device for producing concrete slabs

Abstract

In a device for producing concrete slabs, a mold lower part is inserted into a frame secured via retaining braces to receiving areas of guiding columns oriented along an insertion direction and having, above the mold lower part, a structural loading device movable along the guiding columns and having, on the side facing the mold lower part, a mold upper part with one or more pressure plates inserted or insertable into one or more recesses of the mold lower part, the structural loading device being connected to the pressure plates via pressure rams. An upper guide element arranged between the structural loading device and the pressure rams interacts with a lower guide element arranged on the retaining brace such that, during the production of concrete slabs, the structural loading device is constantly guided relative to the mold lower part on a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction.

Claims

1. An apparatus for the production of concrete blocks, in which a lower mold part (8) is inserted into a frame (14) that is attached, by way of retaining braces (16), to holders (18) of multiple guidance columns (20), which are oriented along an insertion direction (42) and have a load application device (28) that can be moved along the guidance columns (20), above the lower mold part (8), wherein the load application device (28) has an upper mold part (22) on its side that faces the lower mold part (8), on which one or more pressure plates (24) can be introduced or are introduced into one or more recesses (12) of the lower mold part (8), wherein the load application device (28) is connected with the pressure plates (24) by way of pressure rams (26), wherein an upper guidance element (38) is arranged between the load application device (28) and the pressure rams (26), wherein the upper guidance element (38) interacts with a lower guidance element (40) arranged on at least one of the retaining braces (16), in such a manner that during the production of the concrete blocks comprising filling of the lower mold part (8), compression, and unmolding, the load application device (28) is constantly guided, relative to the lower mold part (8), in a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction (42), wherein the upper guidance element (38) and the lower guidance element (40) are in engagement throughout the production.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, in which the load application device (28) is connected with the guidance columns (20) by way of a bear plate (30), wherein a holding plate (34) is arranged between the pressure rams (26) and the load application device (28), wherein the holding plate (34) has sections (36) that project laterally out of the holding plate (34), and the upper guidance element (38) is attached to one of the sections (36).

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, in which the upper guidance element (38) comprises a plurality of upper guidance elements (38) provided to the sides of the load application device (28), and the lower guidance element (40) comprises a plurality of lower guidance elements (40), the plurality of upper guidance elements (38) engageable with the plurality of lower guidance elements (40).

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, in which the upper guidance elements (38) are arranged on opposite sides of the load application device (28), and the lower guidance elements (40) are arranged on opposite sides of the frame.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, in which the plurality of upper guidance elements (38) comprises four upper guidance elements (38), wherein the four upper guidance elements (38) are arranged in four corners of the load application device (28), and the plurality of lower guidance elements (4) comprises four lower guidance elements (40), wherein the four lower guidance elements (40) are arranged in four corners of the frame (14).

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, in which the upper guidance element (38) comprises a centering bolt, and the lower guidance element (40) comprises a centering bushing.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, in which the lower guidance element (40) and/or the upper guidance element (38) is/are replaceable.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, in which the lower mold part (8) is arranged on a vibrating table (4) by way of a production board (6), wherein the frame (14) of the lower mold part (8) predetermines a mold height of the lower mold part (8).

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, in which the lower mold part (8) has an interchangeable insert (10).

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the components of the apparatus can be changed in such a manner that in the event of wear, a replacement is possible.

Description

(1) In the following, some exemplary embodiments will be explained in greater detail, using the drawing. The figures show:

(2) FIG. 1 an apparatus according to the invention in a perspective side view,

(3) FIG. 2 the apparatus from FIG. 1 in a first side view,

(4) FIG. 3 the apparatus from FIG. 1 in a second side view,

(5) FIG. 4 a detail of the apparatus from FIG. 1 in a perspective side view,

(6) FIG. 5A a further side view of the apparatus according to the invention during operation,

(7) FIG. 5B a further side view of the apparatus according to the invention during operation,

(8) FIG. 6A a further side view of the apparatus according to the invention,

(9) FIG. 6B a sectional view of the apparatus according to the invention in a side view, and

(10) FIG. 7 a detail of the apparatus according to the invention in a perspective side view.

(11) In the figures, components that are the same or have the same functional effect are provided with the same reference symbols.

(12) Making reference to FIG. 1, a first exemplary embodiment of an apparatus 2 according to the invention will be explained in detail in the following. In this regard, the apparatus 2 is shown in a perspective side view and has a vibrating table 4, in a technically usual manner, on the top of which table a production board 6 is situated. A lower mold part 8 is arranged on the production board 6, which part has a replaceable insert 10 having recesses 12, which are surrounded by a frame 14, wherein the insert 10 is interchangeable in the frame 14. On two opposite sides, the frame 14 has retaining braces 16, which create a connection between the frame 14 and a holder 18, in each instance. The retaining braces 16 can also be part of the holder 18. The two holders 18 are arranged on four guidance columns 20, which are arranged in the region of the corners of the lower mold part 8, in a technically usual manner, and surround the region outside of the vibrating table 4. The upper mold part 22 is arranged to lie opposite the recesses 12; it has multiple pressure plates 24 that approximately correspond to the recesses 12 in terms of their dimensions. The pressure plates 24 are connected with a load application device 28 by way of pressure rams 26, which device in turn stands in connection with a bear plate 30 on the side facing away from the upper mold part, which plate is guided on the guidance columns 20 and can be activated by way of a ram 32, using a hydraulic press.

(13) A holding plate 34 is affixed between the pressure rams 26 and the load application device 28, which plate has sections 36 that project beyond the load application device 28, which sections each have a guidance bolt 38 facing the lower mold part 8 on their underside, which bolt can engage into a corresponding guidance bushing 40 on the retaining braces 16, wherein the apparatus 2 according to FIG. 1 has corresponding guidance bolts 38 on each corner of the upper mold part 22 as well as corresponding guidance bushings 40 on each corner of the lower mold part 8, so that the upper mold part 22 is guided with reference to the lower mold part 8, by way of the combination of guidance bolt 38 and guidance bushing 40.

(14) The apparatus 2 according to the invention thereby creates a combination of upper mold part 22 and lower mold part 8, in which guidance takes place not only by way of the guidance columns 20 but also by way of guidance devices formed by the guidance bolts 38 and guidance bushings 40. Therefore the pressure plates 24, together with the insert 10, no longer take on any kind of guidance function, since these are required solely for compression of the concrete mixture situated in the recesses 12, and no contact can take place any longer between the two movable parts during a movement of the upper mold part 22 in the direction of the lower mold part 8.

(15) Making reference to FIG. 2, the apparatus 2 from FIG. 1 is shown once again in a first side view. One can see that the guidance bolts 38 that form the upper guidance device are arranged outside of the region of the block field, on the sections 36 that project laterally, so that these can engage into the corresponding bushing on the retaining brace 16, past the production board 6 and the vibrating table 4, without thereby restricting the movement of the upper mold part 22 relative to the lower mold part 8, except for the guidance in a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction 42.

(16) In FIG. 3, the apparatus from FIG. 1 is shown once again in a second side view from the narrower side of the upper mold part 22. It can be seen that the guidance bolts 38 are arranged in the region of the corners of the upper mold part 22, so that in total, four guidance bolts 38 can be used as a guidance aid. It is advantageous if these are arranged in the region of the corners of the upper mold part 22, wherein, however, an embodiment with only one guidance bolt 38 on a short side of the upper mold part 22, in each instance, would also be possible.

(17) Making reference to FIG. 4, the position of the guidance bushings 40 in the retaining brace 16 is shown once again in greater detail. It can be seen that the guidance bushings 40 stand in a mechanically stable connection with the frame 14, by way of the retaining braces 16 and the holders 18, so that the guidance bolts 38 can be inserted accordingly. The holders 18 in turn are firmly connected with the guidance columns 20. The combination of guidance bolt 38 and guidance bushing 40 is drawn with round cross-sections in FIG. 4, which represent the preferred embodiments. In other embodiments, however, it can also be conceivable to use a different shape of the cross-sectional surface areas, so that elliptical, hexagonal or square bolts or bushings, for example, can also be used. In FIG. 4, the guidance bolt 38 is shown in the form of a cylinder. The latter can also have a slightly conical progression with reference to its outside surfaces.

(18) In FIGS. 5A and 5B, the function of the guidance devices will be explained in greater detail below, by means of the guidance bolt 38 and the guidance bushing 40, during operation of the apparatus 2. It can be seen in FIG. 5A that when the lower mold part 8 is released, the guidance bolt 38 stands in engagement with the guidance bushing 40, so that filling of the lower mold part 8 with a concrete mixture, which is typically carried out by means of a filling cart, can be undertaken, wherein during filling, the upper mold part 22 is already guided with the lower mold part 8, by way of the guidance elements. During complete compression by means of the bear plate 30, as shown in FIG. 5B, the maximum engagement of the guidance elements is achieved, so that during operation of the apparatus 2, the upper mold part 22 remains constantly guided with reference to the lower mold part 8, so that the guidance by way of the guidance columns 20, which is usually not considered to be sufficient, can be eliminated.

(19) In FIG. 6A, the view from FIG. 5A is shown once again, wherein here an auxiliary line is drawn in, which clarifies the section plane A-A shown in FIG. 6B. It can be seen that the apparatus 2 has a modular construction, so that parts that wear rapidly, such as the guidance bolts 38, the guidance bushings 40, the pressure plates 24 or also the inserts 10, for example, can be rapidly replaced, so that a rapid exchange is possible both during adaptation of the apparatus 2 to changed block shapes and in the event of wear of individual components of the apparatus 2.

(20) In FIG. 7, upper mold part 22 and lower mold part 8 are once again shown separately. It can be seen that the frame 14 of the lower mold part 8, which frame is provided with interchangeable inserts 10, has the lateral retaining brace 16 that is provided with the guidance bushings 40. In this regard, the height 44 of the frame 14 predetermines the height of the block formed in the recesses 12. Consequently the frame 14 can also be used for different block sizes, at the same block height, in that the insert 10 is replaced with a different insert, so that recesses 12 that are changed with regard to the dimensions would occur. Likewise, it can be seen that multiple pressure rams 26 and pressure plates 24 have been combined into a unit by means of a ram plate 46.

(21) The characteristics indicated above and in the claims, as well as those that can be derived from the figures, can be advantageously implemented both individually and in various combinations. The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described, but rather can be modified in many different ways, within the scope of the ability of a person skilled in the art.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

(22) 2 apparatus 4 vibrating table 6 production board 8 lower mold part 10 insert 12 recesses 14 frame 16 retaining brace 18 holder 20 guidance columns 22 upper mold part 24 pressure plates 26 pressure ram 28 load application device 30 bear plate 32 ram 34 holding plate 36 sections 38 upper guidance element, guidance bolt 40 lower guidance element, guidance bushing 42 insertion direction 44 height 46 ram plate