Method and system for anaerobic treatment of organically loaded wastewater

Abstract

In a method of anaerobic treatment of an organic waste stream (1), a stream originating from an anaerobic reactor (5) is fed to a first separating unit (33) to be separated into a sludge fraction (7) containing between 50% and 80% of the solids by weight and a second fraction (7). The second fraction (7) is fed from the first separating unit (33) into a Dissolved Gas Floatation (DGF) unit (16). The sludge fractions (7) and (9) from the separator units (33) and (16) are fed back to an inlet 41 of the reactor 5.

Claims

1. A method of anaerobic treatment of an organic waste stream comprising the steps of: feeding the organic waste stream to an anaerobic reactor, separating a reactor mixture originating from the anaerobic reactor in a first separating unit into a first fraction containing between 50% and 80% of the solids by weight and a second fraction, feeding the second fraction from the first separating unit into a Dissolved Gas Floatation (DGF) unit, separating in the DGF unit the second fraction into a sludge fraction and a liquid fraction, and feeding the first fraction and the sludge fraction back into the anaerobic reactor.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein at an outlet of the first separating unit a flocculant and/or coagulant is added to the second fraction in a dosage of between 1-12 g flocculant/kg dry solids.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the flocculant and/or coagulant comprises a metal complex.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein air is introduced into the DGF unit.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein biogas from the anaerobic reactor is introduced into the DGF unit.

6. A system for anaerobic treatment of an organic waste stream comprising: an anaerobic reactor, A first separating unit connected to an outlet of the reactor for separating a reactor mixture at the outlet of the anaerobic reactor into a first fraction at a first outlet, containing between 50% and 80% of the solids by weight -and a second fraction at a second outlet, the first outlet being connected to an inlet of the reactor, a dissolved gas floatation unit (DGF) connected with an input to the second outlet of the first separating unit, for receiving the second fraction, wherein a sludge outlet of the dissolved gas flotation unit and the first outlet of the first separating unit are connected to the inlet of the reactor, via a further separator unit arranged upstream from the reactor, wherein the further separator unit is adapted for removing liquid from the stream that is returned to the anaerobic reactor to 4-30% total suspended solids, a gas injection device connected to the dissolved gas flotation unit for injection a dissolved gas into the unit, and a dosing unit connected at the second outlet to the gas flotation unit for dosing a flocculant and/or coagulant to the unit.

7. The system according to claim 6 wherein the dosing unit is adapted to dose between 1-12 g, preferably between 3-9 g, more preferably between 3-6 g flocculant/kg dry solids to the unit (16).

8. The system according to claim 6, wherein an air supply is connected to a gas inlet of the DGF.

9. The system according to claim 6, wherein the DGF unit comprises a secondary inlet arranged for receiving biogas feed from the anaerobic reactor.

10. The system according to claim 8, wherein the pre-separator is of the filter type, wherein no chemicals are added to the mixture at the pre-separator.

11. The method of claim 2, wherein the metal complex is Fe or Al complex.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the DGF unit wastewater from the DGF unit is subjected to a polishing step directly downstream from the DGF unit.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pre-separator is of the filter type, wherein no chemicals are added to the mixture at the pre-separator.

14. The system according to claim 7, wherein the dosing unit is adapted to dose between between 3-9 g flocculant/kg dry solids to the unit.

15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the dosing unit is adapted to dose between between, 3-6 g flocculant/kg dry solids to the unit.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention will be discussed in more detail hereinafter based on an exemplary embodiment with reference to the sole drawing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0025] FIG. 1 shows a system 22 for anaerobic treatment of an organic wastewater and organic waste streams 1. The system 22 comprises an equalization buffer 3, for instance in the form of a pump sump or a mixing tank, provided with a primary inlet 23 arranged to receive a primary stream 2 of organic wastewater. The organic wastewater 1 may for instance comprise wastewater from a dairy, chocolate or cheese factory, comprising slurries, liquids (such as in the case of chocolate factories). An anaerobic reactor 5 is connected to an outlet 24 of the equalization buffer 3. An outlet 40 of the reactor 5 is connected to a pre-separating unit 33. A first outlet 35 of the pre-separating unit 33 is connected to a feedback inlet 41 of the reactor 5 for feeding back a stream 7 containing between 50% and 80% of the solids by weight into the reactor 5.

[0026] A second outlet 36 of the pre-separating unit 33 is connected to an input 42 of a separator 16 for supplying a low solids stream 7 into the separator 16. In the separator 16, which may be DGF unitor a DAF unit as described in EP 1 735 070 in the name of the applicant, the reactor mixture 7 is separated into a liquid fraction 8 and a sludge fraction 9. The sludge fraction 9 is fed back to the feedback inlet 41 of the reactor 5.

[0027] The anaerobic reactor 5 may be cylindrical with a double membrane roof. If desired, multiple subsequent anaerobic reactors 5 may be used, wherein the first reactor is a relatively large reactor and the second reactor is fitted with a membrane roof for gas storage (not shown). Preferably, mixing devices (not shown) are installed in the reactor 5 to enhance mixing and avoid stratification. The temperature in the reactor 5 may be controlled by steel tubing in the wall of the reactor 5, which act as a heat exchanger. The hydraulic retention time may vary between 1-14 days. The organic loading will typically depend on substrates and solids and will typically be between 2-20, preferably 3-7 kg COD/m.sup.3/day. Recycling of solids is required to achieve the desired organic loading and to attain a sufficiently long solids retention time (SRT). Alternatively, the equalization buffer 3 can be left out, such that the primary 2 and secondary 11 streams flow directly to the reactor 5 (as indicated by the dashed lines).

[0028] A flocculant and/or coagulant feeder 6 is provided and is connected to the inlet 42 of the separator 16, wherein the feeder is arranged for dosing the flocculantat 1-12, preferably 3-9, more preferably 3-6, g flocculant/kg dry solids. The separator 16 of FIG. 1 can be a dissolved biogas flotation (DBF) separator 16, comprising a liquid fraction outlet 25, a sludge fraction outlet 26 connected to the feedback inlet 41 of the anaerobic reactor 5, and a secondary inlet 27 that is arranged to receive biogas from the anaerobic reactor 5.

[0029] Instead of the biogas introduced into the reactor 16 via the secondary inlet 27, treated air containing less oxygen or untreated air may be introduced into secondary inlet 43, so that the reactor is a Dissolved Air Floatation unit. The air may be supplied by a compressor 37 that draws in air from the ambient. The air supply has been indicated in a dashed line and may be used in combination with or instead of supplying biogas via the inlet 27.

[0030] A further separator unit 44 may be comprised upstream of the inlet 41 of the anaerobic reactor to further remove liquid from the stream returned to the anaerobic reactor to 4-30% TSS

[0031] According to the invention, the equalization buffer 3 further comprises a secondary inlet 28 arranged to receive a secondary stream 11 comprising organic waste solids. The separator 16 may be gastight to prevent biogas from escaping and/or exposing the anaerobic bacteria to outside air, which, depending on the type of bacteria, could kill them. It was found however, that the use of the pre-separating unit 33 allows supply of air into the separator 16 without adversely affecting the anaerobic reactions in the reactor 5.

[0032] The system 22 may further comprise a pre-treatment unit 12 comprising a main inlet 29 and an outlet 30 connected to the secondary inlet 28 of the equalization buffer 3. The pre-treatment unit 12 can be a de-packing unit, cutting unit, shredding unit, pasteurisation unit, sterilisation unit, oxidation unit, solubilisation unit, hydrolysis unit or any combination thereof. The type of pre-treatment depends on the type of product, country (regulations) and process requirements. A screen may be used to remove larger debris, like cloth, wood or paper. Furthermore, a pre-separator (indicated by the frustoconical shape, with reference numeral 33) may be installed before the DGF 16, to be able to dose aflocculant to reduce tank volume even further. Such a pre-separator 33 may be of the filter type, like a vacuum filter press or a cloth filter, a dynamic filter based on centrifugal forces, like a cyclone or a centrifuge or a DGF, without or with little addition of chemicals.

[0033] In an exemplary configuration (not shown), used by the applicant in a secure testing environment, the system 22 is used with two anaerobic reactors 5, with a volume of 600-900, such as 750 m.sup.3, each. A pipe reactor with flocculant dosing is used. This system can for instance be used with a chocolate factory. A typical wastewater volume then is 100 m.sup.3/d with a COD concentration varying between 10-60 g/l at an average of 37 g/l. Based on an effective liquid volume of 1300 m.sup.3 the organic loading then is 2.5-3.0 kg COD/m.sup.3/d on average. The separator/flotation device 16 is operated at 5 m.sup.3/h. Applicant has been able to achieve consistently stable results with the above parameters and flocculant dose used. TSS and COD removal percentages of more than 95% were achieved for the wastewater from the DBF 16.

[0034] According to the invention, the method of anaerobic treatment of an organic wastewater and organic waste streams 1, comprises the steps of a) feeding a primary stream 2 of organic wastewater 1 to an anaerobic reactor 5; [0035] b) feeding a secondary stream 11 comprising organic waste solids to the anaerobic reactor 5; [0036] d) separating a reactor mixture 7 originating from the anaerobic reactor 5 into a liquid fraction 8 and a sludge fraction 9; and [0037] e) feeding, at least in part, the sludge fraction 9 back to the anaerobic reactor 5.

[0038] Preferably, the method is carried out in mesophilic conditions (25-42 C.), although thermophilic conditions (43-60 C.) can also be used.

[0039] The method step of (a) feeding the primary stream 2 of organic wastewater and organic waste streams 1 further may comprise the step of feeding the secondary stream 11 of the organic waste solids to the equalization buffer 3. Feeding the secondary stream 11 of organic waste solids may comprise proportionally feeding the second stream 11 to the equalization buffer 3 to obtain a more consistent mixture. As stated before, feeding the secondary stream of organic waste solids may comprise a pre-treatment 12 thereof comprising de-packing, cutting, shredding, pasteurisation, sterilisation, solubilisation or hydrolysis, or any combination thereof.

[0040] Furthermore, the method step of (a) feeding the primary stream 2 of organic wastewater further may comprise separating the primary stream 2 of organic wastewater into a first fraction 13 and a second fraction 14, and feeding the first fraction 13 to the equalization buffer 3 and the second fraction 14 to the pre-treatment 12. The method step of feeding the buffer mixture 4 further comprises preheating the buffer mixture 4 from the equalization buffer 3 by a heating unit (not shown). The heating unit can also be used to heat raw waste water entering the equalization buffer 3. Preferably, a heat recovery system is used, wherein heat from wastewater is used to heat further wastewater, for instance via a heat exchanger.

[0041] The method step of separating the reactor mixture 7 may comprise feeding biogas 15 from the anaerobic reactor to a dissolved biogas flotation separator (DGF) 16. Therein, 5-30, preferably 5-20, more preferably around 10-15 l biogas/kg solids, is fed to the dissolved biogas flotation separator (DBF) 16. The method further may comprise the step of collecting biogas 17 from the dissolved biogas flotation separator (DBF) 16 for further use, such as for heating or generation of energy.

[0042] The method step of feeding, at least in part, the sludge fraction 9 back to the anaerobic reactor 5 further comprises collecting, at least in part, the sludge fraction 18 for further use.

[0043] Advantageously, wastewater 19 from the separator 16 is subsequently subjected to a polishing step 20. The polishing step 20 preferably comprises aerobic treatment 21. Excess sludge originating from the polishing step 20 can be fed back to the anaerobic reactor 5.