Device for folding/unfolding a tail boom of a rotorcraft, an associated rotorcraft, and a corresponding folding/unfolding method

Abstract

A folding/unfolding device for folding/unfolding a tail boom, the device being arranged in association with a rear power transmission shaft of a tail rotor of the rotorcraft, the folding/unfolding device comprising pivot means enabling a movable portion of the tail boom to move in pivoting relative to a stationary portion of the tail boom, the relative pivoting movement being performed between two distinct extreme positions, namely an unfolded, working position enabling the rear power transmission shaft to transmit driving torque to the tail rotor, and a folded, rest position enabling the overall length of the rotorcraft to be reduced. According to the invention, the folding/unfolding device includes motor-driven decoupling/coupling means for mechanically decoupling/coupling together two portions of a single rear power transmission shaft before/after the relative pivoting movement of the movable portion of the tail boom relative to the stationary portion.

Claims

1. A folding/unfolding device for folding/unfolding a tail boom of a rotorcraft, the folding/unfolding device being arranged on the tail boom in association with a rear power transmission shaft upstream from a rear power transmission gearbox and downstream from a main power transmission gearbox mechanically connected to at least one engine of the rotorcraft, the rear power transmission shaft being suitable for transmitting driving torque and for driving a tail rotor of the rotorcraft in rotation, the folding/unfolding device comprising: mechanical decoupling/coupling means between two portions of the single rear power transmission shaft and arranged specifically upstream and downstream from the folding/unfolding device; and pivot means enabling a movable portion of the tail boom to move in pivoting relative to a stationary portion of the tail boom, the relative pivoting movement being performed between two distinct extreme positions, namely an unfolded, working position enabling the rear power transmission shaft to transmit driving torque to the tail rotor, and a folded, rest position enabling the overall length of the rotorcraft to be reduced while the engine, the rear power transmission shaft, and the tail rotor are all stopped; wherein the decoupling/coupling means are motor-driven and can be actuated independently of the pivot means firstly to mechanically decouple the two portions of the single rear power transmission shaft prior to the relative pivoting movement corresponding to folding the movable portion relative to the stationary portion of the tail boom, and secondly to mechanically couple together the two portions of the single rear power transmission shaft after the relative pivoting movement corresponding to unfolding the movable portion relative to the stationary portion of the tail boom.

2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the folding/unfolding device includes unlocking/locking means for the unfolded, working position of the movable portion of the tail boom relative to the stationary portion of the tail boom.

3. A device according to claim 2, wherein the decoupling/coupling means and the unlocking/locking means are actuated by a common actuator.

4. A device according to claim 3, wherein the decoupling/coupling means include first resilient return means stressed in compression and having free ends bearing respectively on a frame of the stationary portion and on a plane face of a jaw clutch that is movable in translation along a direction parallel to a longitudinal direction of the rear power transmission shaft, and the unlocking/locking means include second resilient return means stressed in compression and having free ends bearing respectively on the frame of the stationary portion and on a plane face of a rod of the unlocking/locking means.

5. A device according to claim 4, wherein the first resilient return means enable a first return force to be exerted on the jaw clutch, and the second resilient return means enable a second return force to be exerted on the rod of the unlocking/locking means, the first return force being less than the second return force.

6. A device according to claim 3, wherein the folding/unfolding device includes a mechanical connection member enabling the decoupling/coupling means and the unlocking/locking means to be actuated simultaneously with the common actuator.

7. A device according to claim 4, wherein the mechanical connection member includes at least one link, at least one crank having at least one degree of freedom to move in rotation relative to the frame, and a pusher enabling a thrust force to be exerted on the plane face of the jaw clutch, the free ends of the link being in ball-joint connection respectively with a free end of the rod and with a free end of a lever arm of the crank, the mechanical connection member enabling the common actuator to move the movable jaw clutch in translation along a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rear power transmission shaft.

8. A device according to claim 6, wherein the mechanical connection member includes at least one projection suitable for controlling the movement in translation of a jaw clutch, the projection being arranged in a slideway connection with a frame of the stationary portion of the tail boom and including a free end that is arranged in annular linear connection with a free end of a rod, the rod being arranged in a helical connection with the frame to transform the movement in translation of at least one finger of the actuator into a combined movement in rotation and in translation of the rod relative to the frame.

9. A device according to claim 2, wherein the decoupling/coupling means include a first actuator, and the unlocking/locking means include a second actuator distinct from the first actuator.

10. A device according to claim 1, wherein the pivot means have a pivot axis inclined at a predetermined angle ? relative to a plane P perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the rear power transmission shaft, the predetermined angle ? lying in the range 20 degrees to 30 degrees.

11. A rotorcraft having a tail rotor arranged on a tail boom, the tail rotor being driven in rotation by means of at least one engine and a rear power transmission shaft, and the tail boom including a movable portion movable in pivoting relative to a stationary portion between two distinct extreme positions, namely an unfolded, working position enabling the rear folding/unfolding to transmit driving torque to the tail rotor, and a folded, rest position enabling the overall length of the rotorcraft to be reduce when the engine, the rear power transmission shaft and the tail rotor are all stopped, wherein the rotorcraft includes a folding/unfolding device for a tail boom according to claim 1.

12. A folding/unfolding method for folding/unfolding a tail boom of a rotorcraft including at least one tail rotor, the tail rotor being driven in rotation by means of at least one engine and at least one rear power transmission shaft, the folding/unfolding method being performed when the at least one engine, the rear power transmission shaft, and the tail rotor are all stopped, the folding/unfolding method comprising: a first step consisting in mechanically decoupling two portions of a single rear power transmission shaft; an unlocking, second step for unlocking a movable portion of the tail boom when in an unfolded, working position relative to a stationary portion of the tail boom, the unfolded, working position of the movable portion enabling the rear power transmission shaft to transmit driving torque to the tail rotor; a folding, third step of folding the movable portion relative to the stationary portion, the folding corresponding to moving the movable portion in relative pivoting through an angle between two distinct extreme positions, namely the unfolded, working position and a folded, rest position enabling the overall length of the rotorcraft to be reduced; an unfolding, fourth step of unfolding the movable portion relative to the stationary portion, the unfolding corresponding to a relative pivoting movement, through an angle of the movable portion between two distinct extreme positions, namely the folded, rest position and the unfolded, working position; a fifth step consisting in mechanically coupling together the two portions of the single rear power transmission shaft; and a locking, sixth step of locking the movable portion of the tail boom in the unfolded, working position relative to the stationary portion of the tail boom; wherein: the first step and the third step are performed independently of each other, the first step being performed before the third step; and the fifth step and the fourth step are performed independently of each other, the fifth step being performed after the fourth step.

13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the two portions of the single rear power transmission shaft are mechanically decoupled/coupled via motor-drive decoupling/coupling means enabling a jaw clutch to be moved axially in translation relative to a first portion of the rear power transmission shaft in a longitudinal direction of the rear power transmission shaft, the jaw clutch being suitable for decoupling/coupling with a bell of complementary shape secured to a second portion of the rear power transmission shaft.

14. A method according to claim 12, wherein the first step is performed simultaneously with the unlocking, second step in the unfolded, working position of the movable portion relative to the stationary portion, and the fifth step is performed simultaneously with the locking, sixth step in the unfolded, working position of the movable portion relative to the stationary portion.

15. A method according to claim 12, wherein the two portions of the single rear power transmission shaft are mechanically decoupled/coupled together and the movable portion of the tail boom is unlocked/locked in the unfolded, working position with a single actuator.

16. A method according to claim 12, wherein the two portions of the single rear power transmission shaft are mechanically decoupled/coupled together with a first actuator and the movable portion of the tail boom is unlocked/locked in the unfolded, working position with a second actuator distinct from the first actuator.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention and its advantages appear in greater detail from the context of the following description of examples given by way of illustration and with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a side view of a rotorcraft in accordance with the invention;

(3) FIG. 2 is a plan view of a rotorcraft in accordance with the invention;

(4) FIG. 3 is a side view of a rotorcraft showing the two extreme positions of a movable tail boom portion in accordance with the invention;

(5) FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams of a first embodiment of a folding/unfolding device in accordance with the invention;

(6) FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrams showing two variants of a second embodiment of a folding/unfolding device in accordance with the invention;

(7) FIG. 8 is a diagram of a third embodiment of a folding/unfolding device in accordance with the invention; and

(8) FIG. 9 is a fragmentary flow chart of the folding/unfolding method in accordance with the invention.

(9) Elements that are present in more than one of the figures are given the same references in each of them.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(10) As mentioned above, the invention relates to a device for folding/unfolding a rotorcraft tail boom.

(11) Thus, and as shown in FIG. 1, the rotorcraft 4 includes a folding/unfolding device 1 arranged in a tail boom 5. Such a folding/unfolding device 1 includes pivot means 125 making it possible in particular for a movable portion 6 of the tail boom 5 supporting a tail rotor 3 to be moved in a pivoting movement.

(12) Furthermore, such a pivoting movement takes place about a pivot axis 22 that slopes at an angle ? relative to a plane P perpendicular to a longitudinal direction 25 parallel to a rear power transmission shaft used for transmitting driving torque to the tail rotor 3. Furthermore, such an angle ? advantageously lies in the range 20 degrees to 30 degrees and may more particularly be equal to 26 degrees so as to guarantee a maximum folding/unfolding angle for the movable portion relative to the stationary portion 7 of the tail boom 5.

(13) As shown in FIG. 2, a folding/unfolding angle ?/?? may advantageously present a maximum amplitude of about 170 degrees. Furthermore, the movable portion 6 of the tail boom 5 may include a horizontal stabilizer 13, e.g. of the horizontal tail plane type, suitable for being positioned under the stationary portion 7 of the tail boom 5. Furthermore, when seen from above, the folding/unfolding angle ?/?? corresponds to a V-angle of the movable portion 6 relative to the stationary portion 7 of the tail boom 5.

(14) Such a maximum amplitude for the folding/unfolding angle ?/?? is thus made possible by the axis of rotation 22 sloping at an angle ? relative to the plane P. It thus makes it possible to avoid increasing the overall width L of the rotorcraft 4 when folding the movable portion 6.

(15) In addition, and as shown in FIG. 3, the pivot means 125 enable the movable portion 6 to be pivoted between two extreme positions 20 and 21 corresponding respectively to an unfolded, working position 20 and to a folded, rest position 21, thereby enabling the overall length of the rotorcraft 4 to be reduced. Advantageously, in this rest position 21 of the movable portion 6, the blades 14 of the tail rotor do not touch the ground.

(16) In the invention, and as shown in FIGS. 4 to 8, the folding/unfolding device 1, 71, 81, 11 also includes motor-driven decoupling/coupling means 8, 101, 118, 18 for mechanically decoupling/coupling two portions 201-211-271-281, 202-212-272-282 of a single rear power transmission shaft 2, 72, 82, 12 for the tail rotor 3, prior to actuating the pivot means 125 and thus prior to proceeding with folding/unfolding the movable portion 6 of the tail boom 5.

(17) Advantageously, the folding/unfolding device 1, 71, 81, may also include unlocking/locking means 9, 109, 119, 19 enabling the movable portion 6 to be held stationary in the unfolded, working position 21. In addition, such a folding/unfolding device 1, 71, 81, 11 may also include blocking means (not shown) serving to hold the movable portion 6 stationary in the folded, rest position 20.

(18) Furthermore, the decoupling/coupling means 8, 108, 118, 18 and the unlocking/locking means 9, 109, 119, 19 may be made in various different embodiments for the purpose of mechanically coupling/decoupling the two portions 201-271-281-211 and 202-272-282-212 of the rear power transmission shaft 2, 72, 82, 12 independently of the pivoting movement of the movable portion 6;

(19) Thus, in a first embodiment as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the decoupling/coupling means 8 and the unlocking/locking means 9 may include a common actuator 10 such as a hydraulic, pneumatic, or indeed electrical actuator. The common actuator 10 serves to move two fingers 27 that are arranged on either side of the body of the actuator 10 in two opposite directions. Such fingers 27 co-operate with respective fittings or hinges 33, thus performing the locking/unlocking function for the movable portion 6 in the unfolded position 20 so as to prevent any involuntary opening of the tail boom 5.

(20) Furthermore, in addition to the locking function, one of the two fingers 27 also serves to drive and move in translation a rod 26 for transmitting the movement in translation produced by the actuator 10 to the decoupling/coupling means 8. To do this, the movement in translation of the rod 26 is transmitted to a connection member 30 and then to the decoupling/coupling means 8. Such a rod 26 is thus arranged on the same axis as the fingers 27 of the actuator 10.

(21) In addition, the connection member 30 includes at least one link 31 and at least one crank 32 for modifying the travel direction in translation along a direction parallel to a longitudinal direction 25 of the rear power transmission shaft 2. The travel direction in translation of the fingers 27 is oriented parallel to the pivot axis between the movable portion 6 and the stationary portion 7 and is thus inclined at an angle ? relative to a plane P perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 25 of the rear power transmission shaft 2.

(22) As shown in FIG. 4, the common actuator 10 is arranged in a position for locking the movable portion 6 relative to the stationary portion 7 that corresponds to the fingers 27 extending out from the body of the actuator 10.

(23) Activating the actuator 10 in this locking position as shown in FIG. 4 serves firstly to relax first resilient return means 28 acting on a jaw clutch 24 that is movable in translation along the longitudinal direction 25 of the rear power transmission shaft 2, and secondly to compress second resilient return means 29.

(24) The first resilient return means 28 are subjected to compression between a plane face 36 of the jaw clutch 24 and a frame 35 secured to the stationary portion 7 of the tail boom.

(25) Furthermore, the force exerted by the actuator 10 in order to reach this locking position is advantageously selected to be greater than the compression force exerted by the second resilient return means 29 on the rod 26. The second resilient return means 29 is subjected to compression between a pane face 38 of the rod 26 and the frame 35.

(26) In the normally extended position of the actuator 10, as shown in FIG. 4, driving torque coming from the engine 124 via a main power transmission gearbox 123 can thus be transmitted between the portions 201 and 202 of the rear power transmission shaft 2 to a rear power transmission gearbox 23 and a tail rotor 3. To do this, the driving torque is transmitted by the portion 201 to the jaw clutch 24 and then the teeth of the jaw clutch 24 co-operate with grooves of complementary shape formed in the bell 34 so as to transmit the driving torque to the bell 34 secured to the portion 202 of the rear power transmission shaft 2.

(27) Furthermore, in the event of a failure of the actuator 10, e.g. as a result of a leak or a break in the hydraulic feed circuit of the actuator 10, the fingers 27 remain in the extended locking position so as to guarantee that the movable portion 6 remains in its extreme unfolded, working position 20. In order to obtain such a result, the second resilient return force exerted by the second resilient return means 29 is selected to be greater than the first resilient return force exerted by the first resilient return means 28.

(28) In this way, and as shown in FIG. 5, when the actuator 10 is operated to unlock the movable portion 6, the rod 26 moves back towards the body of the actuator 10, the second resilient return means 29 expand, thereby compressing the first resilient return means 28 via the connection member 30. The crank 32 may have a lever arm 41 serving in particular to increase the force produced by the second resilient return means. The lever arm 41 thus makes it possible to obtain a second resilient return force that is greater than the first force while using first and second resilient return means 28 and 29 that have the same stiffness.

(29) In addition, the link 31 of the mechanical connection member 30 is provided with respective ball joints at both of its free ends, one engaged with a free end 40 of the rod 26 and the other with the lever arm 41 of the crank 32. Such a crank 32 also includes at least one degree of freedom to move in rotation arranged at a connection 42 with the frame 35 of the stationary portion 7. Such a connection 42 is thus selected from the group comprising pivot connections, i.e. having one degree of freedom to move in rotation, finger ball joint connections, i.e. having two degrees of freedom to move in rotation, and ball joint connections, i.e. having three degrees of freedom to move in rotation.

(30) Finally, the movement in rotation transmitted to the crank 32 serves to move a pusher 39 in point or linear contact with a plane face 43 of the jaw clutch 24 opposite from the plane bearing face 36 of the first resilient return means 28. The pusher 39 thus enables the jaw clutch 24 to be moved in translation along the longitudinal direction 25 of the rear power transmission shaft 2.

(31) As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, in two distinct variants of a second embodiment, the mechanical connection member 130, 131 of the folding/unfolding device 71, 81 may be in a form that is different from that shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

(32) Thus, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the mechanical connection member 130, 131 serves to move the jaw clutch 74, 84 in translation along a direction parallel to the rear power transmission shaft 72, 82 by means of a single actuator 70, 80 as in FIGS. 4 and 5. Nevertheless, in this second embodiment, the mechanical connection member 130, 131 includes a projection 79, 89 arranged in a slideway connection 75 with the frame 35.

(33) In addition, a free end of the projection 79, 89 is arranged in an annular linear connection 78 with a free end of a rod 126. Such an arrangement then serves to transform the movement in translation of the fingers 77 of the actuator 70, 80 into a movement along the longitudinal direction of the rear folding/unfolding 72, 82.

(34) Furthermore, the fingers 77 co-operate with the hinges 73 to form the unlocking/locking means 109, 119 of the folding/unfolding device 71, 81. They also enable the rod 126 to be moved in translation, which rod is also in helical connection 76 with the frame 35.

(35) As shown in FIG. 6, in a first variant of the second embodiment, the decoupling/coupling means 108 include the jaw clutch 74 formed as a unit together with the projection 79.

(36) Nevertheless, as shown in FIG. 7, in a second variant of the second embodiment, the decoupling/coupling means 118 have the jaw clutch 84 and the projection 79 separate from each other. In this configuration, the projection 89 is secured to a fork 83 that is movable in translation relative to the rear power transmission shaft 82 and to the jaw clutch 84 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rear power transmission shaft 82.

(37) In addition, resilient return means 85 may be compressed and arranged between the jaw clutch 84 and the fork 83 so as to ensure that the jaw clutch 84 is held securely in the coupled position with the bell 34 that is secured to the portion 271 of the power transmission shaft 72. Such a bell 34 thus constitutes a member for receiving driving torque from the folding/unfolding device 71.

(38) As mentioned above, the decoupling/coupling means 108, 118 shown herein are motor-driven and may be actuated independently of the pivot means 125 in order to enable the two portions 271-281, 272-282 of the rear power transmission shaft 72, 82 to be mechanically decoupled prior to causing the movable portion 6 of the tail boom to move in pivoting relative to the stationary portion 7 of the tail boom 5.

(39) Finally, in a third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the decoupling/coupling means 18 include an independent first actuator 60, and the unlocking/locking means 19 have a second actuator 61 that is different from the first actuator 60.

(40) As above, such as a third embodiment enables the decoupling/coupling means 18 and the unlocking/locking means 19 to be actuated individually and independently prior to actuating the pivot means 125.

(41) Under such circumstances, a finger 62 of the actuator 60 can push directly against a plane face 63 of the jaw clutch 64 in order to move the jaw clutch 64 in translation relative to the rear power transmission shaft 12, thereby achieving mechanical coupling/decoupling between the two portions 211, 212 of the rear power transmission shaft 12.

(42) Furthermore, in the event of a failure of the actuator 60 or of its power supply, e.g. a hydraulic power supply, resilient return means 68 subjected to compression serve to couple the jaw clutch 64 automatically with the bell 34 situated facing it. By way of example, such resilient return means 68 may be arranged between a plane face 66 of the frame 35 and a plane face 65 of the jaw clutch 64 opposite from the plane face 63.

(43) Furthermore, whatever the embodiment, the movable portion 6 can be pivoted relative to the stationary portion 7 by hand by an operator such as a mechanic, or automatically by means of a specific actuator that is not shown in FIGS. 4 to 8.

(44) As shown in FIG. 9, the invention also relates to a method 90 of folding/unfolding a rear power transmission shaft 2, 72, 82, 12 of a tail rotor 3 of a rotorcraft 4.

(45) Such a tail rotor 3 is driven in rotation by means of at least one engine 124 and a rear power transmission shaft 2, 72, 82, 12, and it is arranged on a tail boom 5.

(46) Furthermore, such a folding/unfolding method 90 is performed when the motor 124, the rear power transmission shaft 2, 72, 82, 12, and the tail rotor 3 are all stopped.

(47) The folding/unfolding method 90 also includes a first step 91 consisting in mechanically decoupling two portions of a single rear power transmission shaft.

(48) Such a method 90 also includes a folding, third step 92 consisting in moving the movable portion 6 of a tail boom 5 in pivoting through an angle ? relative to the stationary portion 7 of the tail boom 5. Such folding is performed to enable the rotorcraft 4 to be stored or transported by reducing at least its overall length in this way.

(49) The method 90 then includes an unfolding, fourth step 93 consisting in moving the movable portion 6 of a tail boom 5 in pivoting through an angle ?? relative to the stationary portion 7 of the tail boom 5. Such unfolding is used when the rotorcraft 4 is to be put into operation and it is used once storage and transport of the rotorcraft are terminated.

(50) Finally, such a method 90 includes a fifth step 94 consisting in mechanically coupling together the two portions of the single rear power transmission shaft, in particular when it is desired to use the rotorcraft 4.

(51) As explained above, the third and fourth steps 92 and 93 may be performed manually by an operator or automatically by means of a specific hydraulic, pneumatic, or electrical actuator serving to pivot the movable portion of the tail boom relative to the stationary portion.

(52) In this folding/unfolding method 90, prior to the folding third step 92, the first step 91 is performed independently, which step consists in mechanically decoupling the two portions of the rear power transmission shaft.

(53) Thus, such a first step 91 is motor-driven or automatic and may advantageously be executed simultaneously with an unlocking, second step 95 that consists in unlocking the movable portion of the tail boom while it is arranged in its unfolded, working position 20.

(54) Likewise, in this folding/unfolding method 90, after the unfolding, fourth step 93, the fifth step 94 consisting in mechanically coupling together the two portions of the rear power transmission shaft is performed independently.

(55) Thus, such a fifth step 94 may be motor-driven or automatic and it may advantageously be executed simultaneously with a locking, sixth step 96 that consists in locking the movable portion of the tail boom once it is arranged in its unfolded, working position 20.

(56) The first step 91 and the unlocking, second step 95 may be performed by various means corresponding to different embodiments.

(57) Thus, in first and second embodiments, the first step 91 and the unlocking, second step 95 may be performed by using a common actuator 10.

(58) In contrast, and in a third embodiment, the first step 91 may be performed by means of a first actuator 60 and the unlocking, second step 95 may be performed by means of a second actuator 61 that is different from the first actuator 60.

(59) Likewise, the fifth step 94 that consists in mechanically coupling together the two portions of the single rear power transmission shaft, and the locking, sixth step 96 may be performed by various means corresponding to different embodiments, but corresponding to the means enabling the first step 91 and the unlocking, second step 95 to be performed.

(60) Naturally, the present invention may be subjected to numerous variations as to its implementation. Although several embodiments are described above, it will readily be understood that it is not conceivable to identify exhaustively all possible embodiments. It is naturally possible to envisage replacing any of the means described by equivalent means without going beyond the ambit of the present invention.