Forging Hammer Having an Electric Linear Drive

Abstract

The basic invention relates, in particular, to a forging hammer, comprising an electric linear drive, having a linear rotor and a ram that is coupled to the latter for the purpose of executing forging motions, wherein the linear rotor and the ram are connected to each other through an interposed flexurally elastic decoupling structure that acts between the linear rotor and the ram, and the decoupling structure is realized and arranged to decouple the linear rotor, at least partly, from relative motions of the ram relative to the linear rotor that occur during a forging motion.

Claims

1. A forging hammer, comprising: an electric linear drive, having a linear rotor and a ram that is coupled to the latter for the purpose of executing forging motions; wherein: the linear rotor and the ram are connected to each other through an interposed decoupling structure that acts between the linear rotor and the ram; and the decoupling structure is realized and arranged to decouple the linear rotor, at least partly, from relative motions of the ram relative to the linear rotor that occur during a forging motion.

2. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the decoupling structure; is realized and arranged to decouple in a flexurally elastic or elastomechanical manner, the linear rotor and the ram; comprises at least one, in particular flexurally elastic, decoupling element that is designed and arranged to decouple the linear rotor with respect to vibrations, displacements, deformations and/or tilting motions of the ram occurring along and/or transversely to the longitudinal axis (L) of the linear rotor during a forging motion; comprises a two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally realized connecting structure having elastomechanical properties, and is arranged in such a manner so as to decouple the linear rotor, at least partly, from relative motions of the ram relative to the linear rotor that occur during a forging motion, in particular by elastomechanical absorber mechanisms, and/or is realized so as to be deformable in a vibrationally and/or torsionally elastic manner, and/or is realized as a damping structure that acts elastomechanically.

3. The forging hammer as claimed in either one of in claim 1, wherein the decoupling structure: comprises decoupling segments or decoupling regions that are each realized or arranged specifically for differing type of secondary motion, in particular tilting motions relative to the longitudinal axis (L), displacements transverse to the longitudinal axis (L), transverse vibrations with respect to the longitudinal axis (L), wherein the decoupling region optionally comprises one or more tapers, indentations, beads, openings, recess, longitudinal and/or transverse grooves, and/or cavities; has a taper, at least portionally, in a direction transverse to, in particular perpendicular to, the direction of motion (L) of the linear rotor (11), wherein the taper optionally has a concave curvature realized in the cross section along the direction of motion of the (L) linear rotor (11); the surface area of cross sections or cross-sectional surfaces of the decoupling structure transverse to the direction of motion (L) is selectively varied; is (i) realized as a single piece with the linear rotor, and is optionally realized at an end of a piston rod, or is (ii) realized as a separate structural element, and is connected to the linear rotor and/or to a piston of the same in a form-fitting, materially bonded and/or force-fitting manner.

4. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a first linear guide, in particular a linear bearing arrangement, realized between the stator of the linear drive and the ram, in which the linear rotor is guided in the longitudinal direction, wherein: the first linear guide is optionally realized as a rolling bearing or sliding-contact bearing, or as a sliding bushing or guide bushing, optionally the first linear guide is present or realized in or on a supporting or carrying structure for a linear motor of the electric linear drive, optionally a length of the first linear guide, measured parallel to the direction of motion (L) of the linear rotor, is at least as great as one times the diameter of the linear rotor.

5. The forging hammer as claimed in any one of claim 1, further comprising a second linear guide, on a side of the linear drive that faces away from the ram, in which the linear rotor is guided in the longitudinal direction, in particular is supported transversely to the longitudinal direction (L), wherein: optionally the second linear guide is realized as a bearing or as a guide bushing, in particular as a bushing or sleeve closed on one side, a length of the second linear guide, measured parallel to the direction of motion (L) of the linear rotor, is optionally at least as great as one times the diameter of the linear rotor, and further optionally the second linear guide is connected or fastened to or on a housing or a carrying structure and/or the stator of the linear drive, further optionally the second linear guide is present or realized in or on a supporting or carrying structure for a linear motor of the electric linear drive.

6. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the linear rotor, the first and the second linear guide are realized, and realized relative to each other, in such a manner that the linear rotor is always guided and supported, both in the first and in the second linear guide, over an entire linear motion cycle.

7. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the linear rotor, at least in the region of connection to the decoupling structure, and/or the decoupling structure have/has a piston-type cylinder structure, and a ratio of a diameter of the cylinder structure to the diameter, length or width of the ram is preferably in the range of between 1/10 and .

8. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 7, wherein a ratio of a diameter of the cylinder structure to the length of the decoupling structure realized between the linear rotor and the ram is in the range of between and .

9. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein a ratio of a diameter of the decoupling structure, measured transversely to the direction of motion of the linear rotor, to the diameter of the linear rotor, or of a piston rod of the linear rotor, is in the range of between 0.85 and 0.97.

10. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein an axial length of the linear rotor is greater than an axial length of the stator measured in the direction of motion of the linear rotor.

11. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the decoupling structure is realized between the linear rotor, or a spur adjoining the linear rotor, and a fastening structure realized to fasten the ram to the linear rotor, and the fastening structure is preferably realized as a wedge segment or conical segment that can be connected in a form-fitting or frictional manner to the ram.

12. A forging hammer, comprising: an electric drive having a linear rotor, wherein: the linear rotor comprises a magnetic portion, extending in the axial direction, that is composed of a plurality of permanent magnets disposed in succession in the axial direction, wherein, preferably, the permanent magnets are realized as magnetic annular disks, and are fixed, in particular clamped, preferably by fastening elements placed on both sides of the magnetic portion, on a piston rod that goes through the magnetic annular disk;

13. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 12, wherein: the permanent magnets are magnetized alternately radially and axially in succession in the axial direction (L), and optionally shims, in particular laminated shims, are disposed between axially succeeding permanent magnets. and/or wherein the permanent magnets are made from a neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) material.

14. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 12, wherein the linear drive optionally is realized as a tubular linear motor; or adjoining the extension of the magnetic portion, at an axial end of the linear rotor, there is a cylindrical spur, on or in which the decoupling structure and/or, a fastening structure is realized.

15. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 12, wherein: the linear rotor comprises a guide sleeve in a region adjacent to, preferably directly adjoining, the magnetic portion, the guide sleeve in particular comprises at least one sliding guide ring, and a stop sleeve is preferably provided at an end of the magnetic portion that is opposite from the guide sleeve.

16. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 4, wherein: an outer surface of the guide sleeve forms a bearing surface, by means of which the linear rotor is mounted, so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction (L), in the first or second linear guide, and the guide sleeve is optionally developed such that, for the purpose of supporting or mounting the linear rotor, it lies, or is mounted in a sliding manner, with an outer surface against an inner surface of the linear guide.

17. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the linear drive comprises a linear motor that is realized as a permanent-magnet-excited synchronous linear motor, in particular a solenoid linear motor.

18. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, furthermore comprising: a housing structure for a or the electric linear motor of the electric linear drive), wherein the housing structure optionally: is realized as a carrying element; has a housing base, on which the stator of the linear motor is held, in particular fixed and supported; comprises, on a side that faces toward the ram, one or more stop buffers that are realized in such a manner that, in the case of an, in particular exceptional, collision between the ram and the housing structure, a mechanical load on the linear motor caused by the collision is at least weakened, or buffered.

19. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the case of a housing base being present, the first linear guide is realized in or on the housing base, and optionally the first linear guide is attached and fixed, at least partly, in a through-opening, in particular through-bore, of the housing base, the through-opening is optionally realized in such a manner that it is realized in axial alignment with the rotor space of the linear motor, and during operation the linear rotor can be moved therein according to the respective linear motion and; optionally the first linear guide, in particular a sliding-contact bearing structure, is disposed so as to extend circumferentially along the through-opening, such that the sliding-contact bearing structure realizes a passage opening for the linear rotor that is concentric with the through-opening.

20. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the second linear guide is realized at an end face that faces away from the first linear guide, in particular, in the case of a housing base being present, at an end face of the stator or of the housing of the housing structure that faces away from the housing base the second linear guide optionally comprises a guide cylinder provided with a supporting structure that is preferably realized externally, and wherein the guide cylinder is optionally attached to a supporting or guide plate, and there are supporting ribs, connecting the guide plate and the guide cylinder, for the purpose of mechanical stabilization, further optionally, in the case of a housing base being present, extending from the housing base there are supporting walls, to which the guide cylinder, in particular the guide plate, is fastened, which run on laterally opposite sides of the stator and parallel to the longitudinal direction of the linear motor, and further optionally, in the case of a housing base being present, the housing structure, in particular the housing base, is connected in a force-fitting manner to a or the carrying frame of the forging hammer, wherein preferably screwed connections, provided at respective corners of the housing base are used for fastening.

Description

[0079] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in greater detail in the following on the basis of the appended figures. There are shown:

[0080] FIG. 1 a perspective view of a forging hammer;

[0081] FIG. 2a sectional representation of the forging hammer;

[0082] FIG. 3a detail of the forging hammer according to FIG. 2;

[0083] FIG. 4a further detail of the forging hammer according to FIG. 2;

[0084] FIG. 5an exemplary development of a portion of a linear rotor;

[0085] FIG. 6a perspective view of a further embodiment of a forging hammer; and

[0086] FIG. 7a sectional representation of the forging hammer of the further embodiment.

[0087] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a forging hammer 1, with a hammer frame 2 having two lateral columns 3 for supporting a crosshead 4.

[0088] A forging hammer 1 as shown in FIG. 1 may comprise a lower insert 5 that can be fastened in the hammer frame by means of an insert wedge 6, and have a receiver 7 for a lower hammer die 8, which can be seen in FIG. 2 showing a sectional representation of the forging hammer 1.

[0089] The forging hammer 1 furthermore comprises a tubular solenoid linear motor 9, in particular a solenoid-permanently-excited synchronous linear motor, that is fastened to and supported on the upper crosshead 4.

[0090] The solenoid linear motor 9, realized as an electric linear drive, comprises a stator 10 and a linear rotor 11 guided therein in the longitudinal direction (see FIG. 2).

[0091] The linear rotor 11 is coupled to a ram 12, which in turn is guided in two ram guides 13 realized on the columns 3, such that the ram 12 can be moved up and down by the electric linear motor 9.

[0092] The solenoid linear motor 9 is accommodated in a housing 32. The housing 32 is of a modular structure and, in the example shown in the figures, comprises a housing base 33, having a cylindrical first housing casing 34 that is fastened and fixed hereto. The first housing casing 34 is connected, for example in a materially bonded manner, to the housing base 33, and mechanically reinforced with respect to the housing base 33 by means of first supporting ribs 35, or supporting angles.

[0093] The housing 32 furthermore comprises a cylindrical second housing casing 36, which is connected to the first housing casing 34, in the present example in a force-fitting manner, via a separable flanged connection 37.

[0094] A linear bearing arrangement 38, described in greater detail further below, which comprises a bottom plate 39 and a cylindrical guide bushing 15 fastened to the bottom plate 39, in particular in a materially bonded manner, is fastened to the side of the second housing casing that faces away from the first housing casing 34. The guide bushing 15 and bottom plate 39 are mechanically reinforced against each other by means of second supporting ribs 40, or supporting angles, attached thereto.

[0095] Since the housing 32 is of a structure that is mechanically comparatively stable, on the one hand electronic components of the solenoid linear motor 9 can be protected against mechanical effects. On the other hand, owing to the modular structure, components accommodated in the housing are rendered comparatively easily accessible, for example in the case of any necessary servicing works.

[0096] The solenoid linear motor 9 is connected to the underframe of the forging hammer 1, i.e. to the columns 3, by means of the housing base 33 of the housing 32. Specifically, the housing base 33 is screw-connected to T-shaped column heads of the columns 3. There may be positioning elements and/or dampers or absorber elements between the housing base 33 and the column heads. The dampers or absorber elements may be designed at least to damp a transmission of mechanical impacts or vibrations from the underframe to the housing 32.

[0097] As shown in FIG. 2, the ram 12 carries, fixed thereto, an upper hammer die 14 that corresponds to the lower hammer die 8.

[0098] When the forging hammer 1 is in operation, the ram 12 is moved up and down by corresponding driving of the linear rotor 11 by the solenoid linear motor 9, with respective forging operations being able to be performed on a workpiece (not shown) at lower bottom points of the ram 12.

[0099] As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, the linear rotor 11 is realized in the manner of a piston rod, and is of a length, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis L, that is greater than the length of the stator 10 measured parallel to the longitudinal axis.

[0100] As already described, at an upper end, i.e. at an end that faces way from the ram 12, the solenoid linear motor 9 has the guide bushing 15, which is shown in greater detail in the detail representation of FIG. 3.

[0101] The guide bushing 15 is disposed in alignment and in the prolongation of the running axis, or guide axis L, of the solenoid linear motor 9, and is realized such that the linear rotor 11 is guided in the longitudinal direction and supported transversely to the longitudinal direction.

[0102] At a lower end of the solenoid linear motor 9 that faces away from the upper end there is a supporting bearing 16 that can be seen in greater detail in the representation of FIG. 3, which shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 2.

[0103] The supporting bearing 16 is disposed in alignment with the longitudinal axis L and in alignment in relation to the upper guide bushing 15, and is realized and arranged in such a manner that the linear rotor 11 is guided therein in the longitudinal direction, and supported transversely to the longitudinal direction.

[0104] At the end that faces toward the ram 12, the linear rotor 11 has a piston-rod extension 17, which, in the retracted position of the direction of motion, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, extends between the supporting bearing 16 and the ram 12.

[0105] This piston-rod extension 17 comprises a piston portion 18, a fastening structure 19 provided at the distal end, and a decoupling structure 20 located between the piston portion 18 and the fastening structure.

[0106] The fastening structure 19 is realized in the form of a wedge or conically tapered portion, and is connected to the ram 12 in a form-fitting, in particular frictional, manner by means of a retaining bushing 21 in a corresponding recess, or a through-hole or blind hole of the ram 12.

[0107] The decoupling structure 20 comprises a flexurally elastic decoupling portion 22 disposed between the piston extension and the fastening structure 19. The decoupling portion 22 has a flexural elasticity that is greater than that of the adjacent components and materials.

[0108] The increased flexural elasticity, or reduced flexural stiffness, as compared with the adjacent or directly adjoining components or materials may be effected, for example, by one or more tapers realized in the region of the decoupling structure, for example having a concave structure with respect to the longitudinal axis L, by the use or provision of a correspondingly flexurally elastic material, by indentations, recesses, openings, etc.

[0109] In particular, a ratio between the diameter of the linear rotor 11, or a piston of the linear rotor, and the diameter of the decoupling structure 20, in each case measured transversely to the direction of motion of the linear rotor 11, may be in the range of approximately 0.95. Also possible, in particular, are ratios in the range of from 0.80 to 0.97, or alternatively 0.85 to 0.95, with which comparatively advantageous elasticity properties can be achieved for forging operations.

[0110] When the forging hammer 1 is in operation, during forging operations in which the ram 12 is moved up and down for the purpose of performing work on a workpiece, and in which, at a lower reversal point, forming of the workpiece is or can be effected, the guide bushing 15, the supporting bearing 16 and the decoupling structure 20 act in combination in such a manner that the linear rotor 11 and the ram 12 are decoupled with respect to relative motions of the ram 12 in relation to the linear rotor 11, and the linear rotor 11 is guided properly in the stator 10. In other words, through combined action of the guide bushing 15, supporting bearing 16 and decoupling structure 20, in particular of the decoupling portion 22, and dampers and/or absorber elements that may be present between the hammer frame 2 and the housing 32, secondary motions of the ram 12 are compensated or absorbed, in order thus to prevent, at least to a large extent, transmission to the linear rotor 11.

[0111] More precisely, the decoupling structure 20, in particular the decoupling portion 22 and/or the decoupling portion 22 and the piston portion 18, has the effect that secondary motions of the ram 12 that occur during a forging operation, for example in the form of tilting motions with respect to the longitudinal axis, displacements or vibrations transversely to the longitudinal axis, or the like, are not transmitted, or are not transmitted to their full extent, to the linear rotor 11.

[0112] The supporting bearing 16 and the guide bushing 15 act in respect of the position and the running of the linear rotor 11 in the stator 10, and to stabilize an air gap realized between the linear rotor 11 and the stator 10, inside the linear motor 9, and in particular are instrumental in avoiding a transmission of secondary motions of the ram 12 to the linear rotor 11.

[0113] The proposed measures, i.e. in particular the provision of the decoupling structure 20, the lower supporting bearing 16 and the upper guide bushing 15 enable the linear rotor 11 to be guided in an optimum manner in the stator 10. In particular, owing to the stabilization of the linear rotor 11 and its mechanical decoupling from the ram 12, it is possible to avoid the geometry of the air gap, realized between the linear rotor 11 and the stator 10 inside the solenoid linear motor 9, being influenced, in particular varied, by forging motions. Changes in the air gap during operation of the linear motor have a disadvantageous effect on the operation of the solenoid linear motor 9, which in turn can result in impairments in the forging result and/or in reduced energy efficiency. In other words, in particular owing to the decoupling structure 20, and owing to the combined action and the interaction with the linear guides realized as a guide bushing 15 and supporting bearing 16, it can be achieved that the position of the linear rotor 11 is stabilized during the forging operation, and is at least largely independent of secondary motions of the ram 12.

[0114] FIG. 5 shows a development of a portion of the linear rotor 11. The linear rotor 11 according to FIG. 5 comprises a magnetic portion 23, located approximately centrally and extending in the axial direction.

[0115] The magnetic portion 23 comprises a multiplicity of first permanent magnets 24 and second permanent magnets 25. The first permanent magnets 24 are permanent magnets magnetized in the axial direction, while the second permanent magnets 25 are radially magnetized permanent magnets. The first permanent magnets 24, measured in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis L, are narrower than the second permanent magnets 25.

[0116] Disposed respectively between two adjacent permanent magnets there are shims (not shown), which are designed, in particular, to compensate production tolerances of the permanent magnets with respect to the surfaces oriented in the longitudinal direction L.

[0117] The permanent magnets 24, 25 are realized as annular disks, having a central through-hole. The linear rotor 11 has a piston rod 26, which goes through the through-holes of the permanent magnets 24, 25 and forms a central seating for the permanent magnets 24, 25.

[0118] Directly adjoining the magnetic portion 23, the linear rotor 11 has a guide sleeve 27 having a plurality of sliding guide rings. The guide sleeve 27, in particular the sliding guide rings, forms/form a part of a sliding bearing, by means of which the linear rotor 11 is mounted, or can be mounted, in the guide bushing 15 (see FIG. 3). An inner surface of the guide bushing 15 may accordingly be realized as a counter-bearing surface for the sliding guide rings.

[0119] The permanent magnets 24, 25, the shims and the guide sleeve 27 are fastened by means of clamping nuts 28 that are fastened or fixed to the piston rod 26 at both ends, and that each stop against a stop nut 29. The clamping nuts 28 and stop nuts 29, and corresponding fastening points, in particular screw thread, of the piston rod 26, and the piston rod 26 as such, are realized in such a manner that, by proper application of the stop nuts 29 and clamping nuts 28, the permanent magnets 24, 25 and the piston rod 26 are clamped to each other. In particular, in this way an improved mechanical stability, in particular of the magnetic portion 23, can be achieved.

[0120] In the assembled state, as shown in the development according to FIG. 4, the piston portion 18, the fastening structure 19 and the decoupling structure 20 may be attached to the end of the linear rotor 11 that faces away from the guide sleeve 27.

[0121] The magnetic portion 23 may have a protective coating, which may, for example, consist of an epoxy resin or comprise an epoxy resin. In particular, by means of a corresponding coating, the permanent magnets 24, 25, of the magnetic portion 23 can be protected against external influences.

[0122] Corresponding to the magnetic portions 24, 25, the stator 10 of the tubular solenoid linear motor 9, realized with the geometry of a hollow cylinder, may have ring coils 30 (see FIG. 2) that are disposed along the longitudinal direction L and spaced apart from each other. By means of an appropriate closed-loop control (not shown), the ring coils 30 can be controlled in such a manner that the magnetic portion is moved up and down in the stator, with corresponding forging motions of the ram 12 being executed.

[0123] As shown, for example, in the development according to FIG. 2, the stator 10, with the ring coils 30, can be accommodated in the modular-structure housing 32, in particular fastened therein. Owing to the approximately centrally located flanged connection 37 of the housing halves, it can be achieved that the components located inside the housing 32 can be accessed comparatively easily, for example for servicing purposes and the like.

[0124] An interface of the stator 10, or of the housing 32, by means of which the solenoid linear motor 9 is fastened to the hammer frame 2, may be realized in such a manner that the linear drive, realized as described herein, can be mounted, i.e. retrofitted, even in the case of already existing forging hammers.

[0125] In order to avoid, or at least largely prevent, any damage to the linear drive, in particular to the permanent magnets 24, 25, stop buffers 31 (see FIG. 2) may be provided on an underside of the housing base.

[0126] For the purpose of compensating pressure fluctuations that may occur inside the housing during operation of the forging hammer as a result of the motion of the linear rotor 11, the housing 32, in particular the housing wall, and/or the linear bearing arrangement 38, may have appropriate air inlet and air outlet elements.

[0127] Overall, the housing 32 may be realized in such a manner that the stator 10 and the linear rotor 11 are substantially encapsulated, in particular mechanically encapsulated, and largely protected against external influences. In particular in the case of a partial, or even complete, encapsulation, it may be necessary to provide the aforementioned pressure compensating elements.

[0128] FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a further development of a further forging hammer 1.1. The further forging hammer 1.1 is of a structure similar to that of the forging hammer 1 according to FIG. 1 and, unless otherwise described, elements and components denoted by the same references have equivalent and/or corresponding functions and/or properties.

[0129] Unlike the forging hammer 1 according to FIG. 1, the further forging hammer la comprises a shorter linear motor, measured in the longitudinal direction L, that is likewise realized as a solenoid linear motor, and reference is made to what in the following is referred to as a further linear motor 9.1.

[0130] The further linear motor 9.1, which is represented in section in FIG. 7, comprises a stator, which is shorted in comparison with the development according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The stator of the further linear motor 9.1, measured in the longitudinal direction, may be realized, for example, so as to be half as along as that of the linear motor according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In the case of the further linear motor 9.1, the linear rotor 11 may also be realized in a correspondingly shortened manner, and the magnetic portion and the portions of the linear rotor 11 adjoining the latter may be developed according to the example shown in FIG. 5.

[0131] Owing to the shortened form of the further linear motor 9.1, which is realized as a tubular linear motor, the housing 32 comprises only one housing casing 34. The one housing casing 34 is attached, in particular welded, to a housing base 33, in a manner similar to that of the development according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. For the purpose of reinforcement, the housing casing 34 and the housing base 33 are supported against each other via first supporting ribs 35, the first supporting ribs 35 and the housing base 33 being able to be welded to each other.

[0132] A linear bearing arrangement 38, realized as in the case of the development of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, is attached, in particular screw-connected, to the side of the housing casing 34 that faces away from the housing base 33. The linear bearing arrangement 38 is realized in a manner corresponding to the development according to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, and reference is made to corresponding embodiments.

[0133] In a manner similar to the development according to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, the further linear motor 9.1, accommodated in the housing 32, is connected to the hammer frame 2 via the housing base 33.

[0134] As can be seen by jointly viewing FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the housing base 33 is connected in a force-fitting manner to the hammer frame 2, screwed connections 41, provided at respective corners of the housing base 33, being used in the present example. A corresponding screwed connection 41 may comprise, for example, a metal-rubber bearing 43 between a screw head 42.1 and a screw nut 42.2. In addition, the housing base 33 may be mounted and fastened on carrying heads 45 of the hammer frame 2 by means of interposed damping or absorber strips 44. This structure and this manner of fastening correspond substantially to those of the forging hammer 1 according to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4.

[0135] The metal-rubber bearing 43 and/or damping or absorber strips 44 are instrumental, in particular, in the decoupling of the linear motor 9, 9.1 from the hammer frame, such that mechanical impacts, vibrations and the like that occur during forging operations can at least be weakened, such that a direct application of occurring mechanical forces to the linear motor 9, 9.1 can at least be reduced.

[0136] Yet another advantage is obtained for the further linear motor 9.1 shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, since, owing to the modular design of the housing 32, the linear rotor 11, comprising, for example, a plurality of annular permanent magnets connected in succession, and also the stator 10, which, depending on the requirement, may comprise a plurality of winding bodies 46 having corresponding coil windings, in particular the structural length of the linear motor can be varied, at least with certain limits, and to that extent adapted in a comparatively flexible manner to respective requirements.

[0137] Also, not least, owing to the fact that the interface for fastening the ram, and the interface for fastening to the hammer frame can be realized so as to correspond to the conventional, hydraulically operated forging hammers, it is possible, according to the solutions proposed herein, for conventional, hydraulically operated forging hammers to be equipped, or retrofitted, with electric linear motors without the need for substantial structural design alterations, for instance to the hammer frame 2.

[0138] Overall, it is found that, by means of the solution proposed herein, in particular the use of an electric linear drive, for example a linear motor in combination with a decoupling structure, and in particular first and second linear guides, a new type of forging hammer can be provided. In particular, with the structural design proposed herein, it is possible to realize a forging hammer having a permanent-magnet-excited linear motor, provided for driving the ram, with which adequate impact forces and accelerations for the ram can be achieved, a comparatively precise position control of the ram being possible at the same time.

LIST OF REFERENCES

[0139] 1 forging hammer

[0140] 1.1 further forging hammer

[0141] 2 hammer frame

[0142] 3 column

[0143] 4 crosshead

[0144] 5 insert

[0145] 6 insert wedge

[0146] 7 receiver

[0147] 8 lower hammer die

[0148] 9 solenoid linear motor

[0149] 9.1 further linear motor

[0150] 10 stator

[0151] 11 linear rotor

[0152] 12 ram

[0153] 13 ram guide

[0154] 14 upper hammer die

[0155] 15 guide bushing

[0156] 16 supporting bearing

[0157] 17 piston-rod extension

[0158] 18 piston portion

[0159] 19 fastening structure

[0160] 20 decoupling structure

[0161] 21 retaining bushing

[0162] 22 decoupling portion

[0163] 23 magnetic portion

[0164] 24 first permanent magnet

[0165] 25 second permanent magnet

[0166] 26 piston rod

[0167] 27 guide sleeve

[0168] 28 clamping nut

[0169] 29 stop nut

[0170] 30 ring coil

[0171] 31 stop buffer

[0172] 32 housing

[0173] 33 housing base

[0174] 34 first housing casing

[0175] 35 first supporting rib

[0176] 36 second housing casing

[0177] 37 flanged connection

[0178] 28 linear bearing arrangement

[0179] 39 bottom plate

[0180] 40 second supporting rib

[0181] 41 screwed connection

[0182] 42.1 screw head

[0183] 42.2 screw nut

[0184] 43 metal-rubber bearing

[0185] 44 damping or absorber strips

[0186] 45 carrying head

[0187] 46 winding body

[0188] L longitudinal axis