MOLLUSCICIDE AND BAIT COMPOSITION COMPRISING A MOLLUSCICIDE

Abstract

The use of certain pesticides for protecting plants, the plant propagation material thereof, or soil or water, in which the plants are growing, against the attack or infestation by gastropods is described. Furthermore, a method for controlling gastropods is disclosed, the method comprising contacting the gastropods or their food supply, habitat or breeding ground, or plants or plant propagation material thereof, or soil or water, where the gastropods are present or may occur, with a molluscicidally effective amount of a pesticide. A bait composition is also provided, comprising a pesticide, a mollusc attractant, and optionally at least one further additive.

Claims

1. A pesticide comprising (a) a compound of formula I ##STR00011## wherein U is N or CH; T is O or S; R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.2-alkyl, or C.sub.1-C.sub.2-alkoxy-C.sub.1-C.sub.2-alkyl; R.sup.2 is CH.sub.3; R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6-haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.2-alkoxy-C.sub.1-C.sub.2-alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6-alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6-alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6-cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6-cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkoxy, CN, NO.sub.2, S(O).sub.nR.sup.b, wherein the C-atoms may be unsubstituted, or partially or fully substituted by R.sup.a; wherein R.sup.a is halogen, CN, NO.sub.2, C.sub.1-C.sub.2-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.2-haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.2-haloalkoxy, or S(O).sub.nR.sup.b; n is 0, 1, or 2; and R.sup.b is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.2-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.2-haloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6-cycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy; R.sup.4 is C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl, or a group mentioned for R.sup.3; or R.sup.5 is H, or a group mentioned for R.sup.4; or a stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof; or (b) a compound selected from (b5) 2-(3-pyridyl)-5-[6-(2-pyridyl)-2-pyridyl]thiazole; (b6) N-Ethyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylsulfanyl-propanamide; (b7) N-Methyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylsulfanyl-propanamide; (b8) N,2-Dimethyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylsulfanyl-propanamide; (b9) N-Ethyl-2-methyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylsulfanyl-propanamide; (b10) N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-ethyl-2-methyl-3-methylsulfanyl-propanamide, (b11) N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N,2-dimethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-propanamide; (b12) N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-methyl-3-methylsulfanyl-propanamide; (b13) N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-ethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-propanamide; (b14) N-[4-chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-cyclopropyl-2-methyl-3-methylsulfanyl-propanamide; (b15) N-[3-Chloro-1-(pyridine-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-((3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio)propanamide; (b16) N-[3-Chloro-1-(pyridine-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-((3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl)propanamide; (b17) N-[3-Chloro-1-(pyridine-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-(((2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl)thio)-N-ethylpropanamide; and (b18) N-[3-Chloro-1-(pyridine-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-(((2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl)sulfinyl)-N-ethylpropanamide; wherein the pesticide is suitable for protecting plants, the plant propagation material thereof, or soil or water, in which the plants are growing, against the attack or infestation by gastropods.

2. The pesticide according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide is a compound of formula I, wherein U is N, T is O, R.sup.2 is CH.sub.3 and R.sup.5 is H, said compounds being compounds of formula IA. ##STR00012##

3. The pesticide according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide is a compound of formula I, which is selected from the following formula IA compounds I-1 to I-17 listed below. TABLE-US-00004 No R.sup.1 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 I-1 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 I-2 CH.sub.3 CF.sub.3 CH.sub.3 I-3 CH.sub.3 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.sub.3 I-4 CH.sub.3 1-CNc-C.sub.3H.sub.4 CH.sub.3 I-5 CH.sub.3 CHFCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 I-7 CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 I-8 CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 CF.sub.3 CH.sub.3 I-9 CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.sub.3 I-10 CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 1-CNc-C.sub.3H.sub.4 CH.sub.3 I-11 CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 CHFCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 I-13 CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 I-14 CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3 CF.sub.3 CH.sub.3 I-15 CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.sub.3 I-16 CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3 1-CNc-C.sub.3H.sub.4 CH.sub.3 I-17 CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3 CHFCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3

4. A method for controlling gastropods comprising contacting the gastropods or their food supply, habitat or breeding ground; or plants or plant propagation material thereof, or soil or water, wherein the gastropods are present or may occur, with a molluscicidally effective amount of a pesticide as defined in claim 1.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the gastropods are selected from the group consisting of Achatina spp., Agriolimax spp., Arion spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bradybaena spp., Bulinus spp., Cantareus spp., Cepaea spp., Cernuella spp., Cochlicella spp., Cochlodina spp., Deroceras spp., Discus spp., Euomphalia spp., Galba spp., Helicella spp., Helicigona spp., Helicodiscus spp., Helix spp., Limax spp., Lymnaea spp., Milax spp., Oncomelania spp., Opeas spp., Oxyloma spp., Pomacea spp., Succinea spp., Tandonia spp., Theba spp., Vallonia spp., and Zonitoides spp.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the plants are selected from the group consisting of cereals including wheat, maize, barley, oat, rye, sorghum, and rice; oil crops including rapeseed and turnip rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor, cacao and peanuts; fiber plants including cotton, flax, hemp or jute; leaf vegetables including lettuce, spinach, and cabbage; bud vegetables including Brussels sprouts; tuber vegetables including potatoes; root vegetables including turnips, beets such as sugar or fodder beet, radishes, carrots, and swedes; leguminous vegetables including lentils, alfalfa, soybeans, beans and peas; stem shoot vegetables including asparagus; marrows including pumpkins, cucumbers and melons; laurels including avocado, cinnamonium and camphor; tobacco, nuts, coffee, egg plants, sugar cane, tea, pepper, grapevines, hops, the banana family, and latex plants; fruits including pome fruit, stone fruit, apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries and blackberries; citrus fruits including oranges, lemons, grapefruits and tangerines; clover and newly sown leys; medicinal herbs; and ornamentals.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pesticide is applied in combination with at least one additional molluscicide.

8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pesticide additionally controls aphids.

9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pesticide is applied to plant propagation material.

10. A composition comprising (i) at least one pesticide as defined in claim 1; and (ii) at least one mollusc attractant.

11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the mollusc attractant is (iia) a phagostimulant, which is selected from the group consisting of ground cereals including cereal flours, cereal brans, and rice starch; crushed soybeans; crushed rapeseed; fish meal; molasses; and any combination thereof; or (iib) an attractant, which is selected from the group consisting of plant materials including grass and grass seeds; extracts from fruits, cabbage, herbs, tomatoes or potatoes; beer; yeast; extracts from dead slugs; and any combination thereof; or (iic) a combination of (iia) and (iib).

12. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the mollusc attractant is (iia) a phagostimulant, which is selected from the group consisting of wheat flour, barley flour, rye flour, rice starch, and combinations thereof.

13. The composition according to claim 20, wherein the at least one additive is selected from bittering agents and repellents.

14. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition further comprises at least one additional molluscicide.

15. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pesticide is applied in the form of a composition as defined in claim 10, and wherein said composition is applied to the soil, wherein plants are growing or are intended to grow.

16. The method according to claim 5, wherein the gastropods are selected from the group consisting of Achatina spp., Agriolimax spp., Arion ater, Arion hortensis, Arion lusitanicus, Bradybaena spp., Cantareus spp., Cepaea spp., Cernuella spp., Cochlicella spp., Cochlodina spp., Deroceras agreste, Deroceras reticulatum, Discus spp., Euomphalia spp., Helicella spp., Helicigona spp., Helicodiscus spp., Helix spp., Limax spp., Milax spp., Opeas spp., Oxyloma spp., Tandonia spp., Theba spp., Vallonia spp., and Zonitoides spp.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the gastropods are selected from the group consisting of Agriolimax spp., Arion ater, Arion hortensis, Arion lusitanicus, Helix spp., Limax spp., Milax spp., Deroceras agreste, and Deroceras reticulatum.

18. The method according to claim 6, wherein the plant is selected from cereals, rapeseed, leaf vegetables, and ornamentals.

19. The method according to claim 9, wherein the pesticide is applied to the seeds of a plant, or to the foliage of a plant, or to the soil around the base of a plant stem, or around a base of a seedling stem.

20. The composition according to claim 10, further comprising (iii) at least one additive.

Description

EXAMPLES

[0309] The activity of the compounds of formula I of the present invention could be demonstrated and evaluated in the following biological test.

Example 1

[0310] Activity against Lehmannia valentia on cabbage; Whole plant assay by foliar spray treatment; Laboratory study:

[0311] The adult banded slug (Lehmannia valentia) was field-collected and maintained in plastic boxes lined with moist, unbleached, absorbent paper at a temperature of from 19 to 25 C. under laboratory conditions (fluorescent overhead lighting 10-12:14-12 and window light/indirect sunlight). Slugs were fed on carrot pieces. Slugs were then starved for a period of 48 hours before treatment. Compound I-10 was diluted with deionized water. The treatment solution had 0.01% (v/v) adjuvant, Kinetic (adjuvant comprising 99% by weight of a proprietary blend of polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane and nonionic surfactants), added to the final volume of a treatment. Potted cabbage plants at 2-4 true leaf stages were treated with a spray chamber application at 300 L/ha using a three nozzle U shaped boom which applies the treatment solution on top and to the underside of the leaves. The spray boom is fitted with ConeJet VisiFlo: TXVS6 hollow cone spray nozzles. After application, in each case 3 plants were put in 3 gallon plastic buckets, and then five slugs were placed onto the leaves of the treated plants at 0.5 hours after treatment. After infestation, treated plants and slugs were held at 25 C. at 70% relative humidity in a Percival with 14:10 Day:Night light cycle for 6 days after treatment. The slug mortality was recorded at 6 days after treatment, compared to untreated control plants.

[0312] The results are shown in Table A below.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE A Treatment Application Rates (g a.i./ha) % Mortality Check 0 Compound I-10 300 67