Variable stiffness positioning device for railway vehicle bogie axle box

Abstract

The present invention provides a variable stiffness positioning device for a railway vehicle bogie axle box. The variable stiffness positioning device includes a vertical elastomer arranged between the top face of an axle box bearing saddle and the bottom surface of a guide frame of a side fame, and a longitudinal elastomer arranged between the axle box bearing saddle and the front and back side faces of the guide frame of the side fame, the longitudinal elastomer is provided with at least one small-stiffness elastic element and a large-stiffness elastic element, and the small-stiffness elastic element is arranged in an elastomer pre-compression device and is serially arranged with the large-stiffness elastic element under the action of a pre-compression load F1. The longitudinal elastomer has a larger longitudinal compression stiffness when the longitudinal deformation displacement is very small, so that the railway vehicle can be guaranteed to have a higher snaking critical operation speed when operating on a straight line, and the acceleration operation demand of the vehicle is satisfied; when the longitudinal deformation displacement reaches a set numerical value, the longitudinal compression stiffness of the longitudinal elastomer starts to become small, so that when the railway vehicle passes by a curve, it can be guaranteed that the lateral force between wheel rails will not be too large, and thus the curve operation safety of the vehicle is guaranteed.

Claims

1. A variable stiffness positioning device for a railway vehicle bogie axle box, installed between an axle box bearing saddle of a vehicle bogie and a guide frame of a side frame of the vehicle bogie, wherein: the variable stiffness positioning device comprises a vertical elastomer arranged between the top face of the axle box bearing saddle and the bottom surface of the guide frame of the side fame, as well as longitudinal elastomers respectively arranged between the axle box bearing saddle and the front and back side faces of the guide frame of the side fame; the longitudinal elastomer is provided with at least one small-stiffness elastic element and a large-stiffness elastic element, the small-stiffness elastic element is arranged in an elastomer pre-compression device and is serially arranged with the large-stiffness elastic element under the action of a pre-compression load F1; during an increasing working load F2, the longitudinal elastomer satisfies the following relationship: when F2 is smaller than F1, the large-stiffness elastic element is compressed to deform at first; when F2 is equal to F1, the large-stiffness elastic element and the pre-compressed small-stiffness elastic element are at a critical state; until when F2 is larger than F1, the small-stiffness elastic element starts to be continuously compressed to deform, so that the longitudinal elastomer has a two-stage variable stiffness property being hard at first and then becoming soft at the load state.

2. The variable stiffness positioning device for the railway vehicle bogie axle box of claim 1, wherein: the large-stiffness elastic element is provided with an elastic rubber base layer, and the elastic rubber base layer is clamped between two metal bearing plates and is vulcanized into an entirety with the same; the elastomer pre-compression device is provided with a rigid outer cover, an oriented positioning screw is axially arranged in the rigid outer cover, one end of the oriented positioning screw stretches out from the opening of the rigid outer cover to be fixedly connected with one of the two metal bearing plates, and the other end of the oriented positioning screw stretches out from the bottom surface of the rigid outer cover to form threaded connection with a locking nut; the small-stiffness elastic element is provided with a conical cylindrical rubber layer, the conical cylindrical rubber layer is arranged between the inner wall of the rigid outer cover and the oriented positioning screw and is vulcanized into an entirety with the same, and the conical cylindrical rubber layer is at a pre-compression state under the tightening function of the locking nut.

3. The variable stiffness positioning device for the railway vehicle bogie axle box of claim 2, wherein the rigid outer cover of the elastomer pre-compression device is detachably embedded into a side face mounting hole of the guide frame of the side frame, and the other metal bearing plate of the large-stiffness elastic element is propped or hanged on the side face of the axle box bearing saddle.

4. The variable stiffness positioning device for the railway vehicle bogie axle box of claim 1, wherein: the large-stiffness elastic element is provided with an elastic rubber base layer, and the elastic rubber base layer is clamped between two metal bearing plates and is vulcanized into an entirety with the same; the elastomer pre-compression device is provided with a rigid outer cover, an oriented positioning screw is axially arranged in the rigid outer cover, one end of the oriented positioning screw stretches out from the opening of the rigid outer cover to be fixedly connected with one of the two metal bearing plates, and the other end of the oriented positioning screw stretches out from the bottom surface of the rigid outer cover to form threaded connection with a locking nut; the small-stiffness elastic element is provided with a cylindrical overlapped rubber layer integrally vulcanization molded by multiple layers of sheet metals and multiple layers of sheet rubber, which are arranged in a staggered manner, the cylindrical overlapped rubber layer is sleeved on the oriented positioning screw, one end of the cylindrical overlapped rubber layer is propped against one of the two metal bearing plates, the other end of the cylindrical overlapped rubber layer is propped against the bottom surface of the rigid outer cover and the cylindrical overlapped rubber layer is at a pre-compression state under the tightening function of the locking nut.

5. The variable stiffness positioning device for the railway vehicle bogie axle box of claim 1, wherein: the large-stiffness elastic element is provided with an elastic rubber base layer, and the elastic rubber base layer is clamped between two metal bearing plates and is vulcanized into an entirety with the same; the elastomer pre-compression device is provided with a rigid outer cover, an oriented positioning screw is axially arranged in the rigid outer cover, one end of the oriented positioning screw stretches out from the opening of the rigid outer cover to be fixedly connected with one of the two metal bearing plates, and the other end of the oriented positioning screw stretches out from the bottom surface of the rigid outer cover to form threaded connection with a locking nut; the small-stiffness elastic element is provided with a metal helical spring, the metal helical spring is sleeved on the oriented positioning screw, one end of the metal helical spring is propped against one of the two metal bearing plates, the other end of the metal helical spring is propped against the bottom surface of the rigid outer cover, and the metal helical spring is at a pre-compression state under the tightening function of the locking nut.

6. The variable stiffness positioning device for the railway vehicle bogie axle box of claim 1, wherein: the large-stiffness elastic element is provided with an elastic rubber base layer, and the elastic rubber base layer is clamped between two metal bearing plates and is vulcanized into an entirety with the same; the elastomer pre-compression device is provided with a rigid outer cover, an oriented positioning screw is axially arranged in the rigid outer cover, one end of the oriented positioning screw stretches out from the opening of the rigid outer cover to be fixedly connected with an end face baffle, the other end of the oriented positioning screw stretches out from the bottom surface of the rigid outer cover to form threaded connection with a locking nut, the end face baffle is propped against one of the two metal bearing plates, and a positioning lug boss is arranged on the end face of the other metal bearing plate; the small-stiffness elastic element is provided with a metal helical spring, the metal helical spring is sleeved on the oriented positioning screw, one end of the metal helical spring is propped against the end face baffle, the other end of the metal helical spring is propped against the bottom surface of the rigid outer cover, and the metal helical spring is at a pre-compression state under the tightening function of the locking nut.

7. The variable stiffness positioning device for the railway vehicle bogie axle box of claim 1, wherein the vertical elastomer comprises an inner metal supporting sleeve with a conical surface outer wall and an outer metal supporting sleeve with a conical surface inner wall, a trumpet-shaped rubber sleeve vulcanized into an entirety with the inner metal supporting sleeve and the outer metal supporting sleeve is arranged there between, so that the vertical elastomer is of a conical platform-shaped structure on the whole.

8. The variable stiffness positioning device for the railway vehicle bogie axle box of claim 7, wherein a cylindrical surface extension segment is smoothly arranged at the upper part of the conical surface inner wall of the outer metal supporting sleeve, the cylindrical surface extension segment is in vulcanization connection with the upper part of the outer wall of the trumpet-shaped rubber sleeve, and the upper and lower ends of the trumpet-shaped rubber sleeve are of concave curve surface structures.

9. The variable stiffness positioning device for the railway vehicle bogie axle box of claim 7, wherein the trumpet-shaped rubber sleeve is integrally vulcanization molded by multiple layers of trumpet-shaped metal rings and multiple layers of trumpet-shaped rubber rings which are arranged in a staggered manner, and the included angles between the generatrixes of the trumpet-shaped metal rings and the trumpet-shaped rubber rings with the conical surface inner wall of the outer metal supporting sleeve are 15-88 degrees.

10. The variable stiffness positioning device for the railway vehicle bogie axle box of claim 7, wherein the upper end of the outer metal supporting sleeve is embedded into a bottom surface mounting hole of the guide frame of the side frame, and the lower end of the inner metal supporting sleeve is embedded into a top face mounting hole of the axle box bearing saddle.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main sectional structure of a variable stiffness positioning device for a railway vehicle bogie axle box.

(2) FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an amplified sectional structure of a first longitudinal elastomer in FIG. 1.

(3) FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an amplified sectional structure of a vertical elastomer in FIG. 1.

(4) FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an amplified structure of an A part in FIG. 3.

(5) FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an amplified sectional structure of a second longitudinal elastomer in FIG. 1.

(6) FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an amplified sectional structure of a third longitudinal elastomer in FIG. 1.

(7) FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a main sectional structure of another variable stiffness positioning device for a railway vehicle bogie axle box.

(8) FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an amplified sectional structure of a fourth longitudinal elastomer in FIG. 7.

(9) Mark numbers of the components in the figures are as follows: axle box bearing saddle 10; vertical elastomer 20 (wherein: inner metal supporting sleeve 21, trumpet-shaped rubber sleeve 22, concave curve surface structure 22a, trumpet-shaped metal ring 22b, trumpet-shaped rubber ring 22c, outer metal supporting sleeve 23, cylindrical surface extension segment 23a); longitudinal elastomer 30 (wherein: small-stiffness elastic element 31, conical cylindrical rubber layer 31a, cylindrical overlapped rubber layer 31b, metal helical spring 31c, large-stiffness elastic element 32, elastic rubber base layer 32a, metal bearing plate 32b, elastomer pre-compression device 33, rigid outer cover 33a, oriented positioning screw 33b, locking nut 33c, end face baffle 3d, positioning lug boss 34); guide frame 40 of side frame.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

(10) To better explain the present invention, the main contents of the present invention will be further illustrated below in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the contents of the present invention are not merely limited to the following embodiments.

(11) As shown in FIG. 1, a variable stiffness positioning device for a railway vehicle bogie axle box provided by the present invention is mainly composed of a vertical elastomer 20 arranged between the top face of an axle box bearing saddle 10 and the bottom surface of a guide frame 40 of a side fame, and longitudinal elastomers 30 respectively arranged between the axle box bearing saddle 10 and the front and back side faces of the guide frame 40 of the side fame. The longitudinal elastomer 30 is provided with a small-stiffness elastic element 31 and a large-stiffness elastic element 32, and the small-stiffness elastic element 31 is arranged in an elastomer pre-compression device 33 and is serially arranged with the large-stiffness elastic element 32 under the action of a pre-compression load F1.

(12) As shown in FIG. 2, the large-stiffness elastic element 32 is provided with an elastic rubber base layer 32a, and the elastic rubber base layer 32a is clamped between two metal bearing plates 32b and is vulcanized into an entirety with the same. The elastomer pre-compression device 33 is provided with a rigid outer cover 33a, an oriented positioning screw 33b is axially arranged in the rigid outer cover 33a, one end of the oriented positioning screw 33b stretches out from the opening of the rigid outer cover 33a to be fixedly connected with one metal bearing plate 32b, and the other end of the oriented positioning screw 33b stretches out from the bottom surface of the rigid outer cover 33a to form threaded connection with a locking nut 33c. The small-stiffness elastic element 31 is provided with a conical cylindrical rubber layer 31a, and the conical cylindrical rubber layer 31a is arranged between the inner wall of the rigid outer cover 33a and the oriented positioning screw 33b and is vulcanized into an entirety with the same. The conical cylindrical rubber layer 31a is at a pre-compression state under the action of the pre-compression load F1, after the locking nut 33c is tightened. Meanwhile, in a process of a working load F2 becoming from small to large, the longitudinal elastomer 30 satisfies the following relationship: when F2 is smaller than F1, the large-stiffness elastic element 32 is compressed to deform at first; when F2 is equal to F1, the large-stiffness elastic element 32 and the pre-compressed small-stiffness elastic element 31 are at a critical state; until when F2 is larger than F1, the small-stiffness elastic element 31 starts to be continuously compressed to deform, so that the longitudinal elastomer 30 has a two-stage variable stiffness property being hard at first and then becoming soft at the load state. As shown in FIG. 3, the vertical elastomer 20 includes an inner metal supporting sleeve 21 with a conical surface outer wall and an outer metal supporting sleeve 23 with a conical surface inner wall, a trumpet-shaped rubber sleeve 22 vulcanized into an entirety with the inner metal supporting sleeve 21 and the outer metal supporting sleeve 23 is arranged therebetween, so that the vertical elastomer 20 is of a conical platform-shaped structure on the whole.

(13) As shown in FIG. 4, a cylindrical surface extension segment 23a is smoothly arranged at the upper part of the conical surface inner wall of the outer metal supporting sleeve 23, the cylindrical surface extension segment 23a is in vulcanization connection with the upper part of the outer wall of the trumpet-shaped rubber sleeve 22, and the upper and lower ends of the trumpet-shaped rubber sleeve 22 are of concave curve surface structures 22a. Meanwhile, the trumpet-shaped rubber sleeve 22 is integrally vulcanization molded by multiple layers of trumpet-shaped metal rings 22b and multiple layers of trumpet-shaped rubber rings 22c which are arranged in a staggered manner, and the included angles between the generatrixes of the trumpet-shaped metal rings 22b and the trumpet-shaped rubber rings 22c with the conical surface inner wall of the outer metal supporting sleeve 23 are 35-65 degrees.

(14) Still as shown in FIG. 1, when the positioning device provided by the present invention is assembled, the upper end of the outer metal supporting sleeve 23 of the vertical elastomer 20 is embedded into a bottom surface mounting hole of the guide frame 40 of the side frame, and the lower end of the inner metal supporting sleeve 21 is embedded into a top face mounting hole of the axle box bearing saddle 10. For the longitudinal elastomer 30, the rigid outer cover 33a of the elastomer pre-compression device 33 is detachably embedded into a side face mounting hole of the guide frame 40 of the side frame, and the other metal bearing plate 32b of the large-stiffness elastic element 32 is propped on the side face of the axle box bearing saddle 10 under the action of the small-stiffness elastic element 31.

(15) The first longitudinal elastomer 30 in FIG. 2 can also be replaced by other similar structures as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6.

(16) In the second longitudinal elastomer 30 as shown in FIG. 5, the structures of the large-stiffness elastic element 32 and the elastomer pre-compression device 33 are completely the same as those in the first longitudinal elastomer, and only the small-stiffness elastic element 31 is different. The small-stiffness elastic element 31 is provided with a cylindrical overlapped rubber layer 31b integrally vulcanization molded by multiple layers of sheet metals and multiple layers of sheet rubber, which are arranged in a staggered manner, the cylindrical overlapped rubber layer 31b is sleeved on the oriented positioning screw 33b, one end of the cylindrical overlapped rubber layer 31b is propped against one metal bearing plate 32b, and the other end of the cylindrical overlapped rubber layer 31b is propped against the bottom surface of the rigid outer cover 33a. The cylindrical overlapped rubber layer 31b is at a pre-compression state under the action of the pre-compression load F1, after the locking nut 33c is tightened.

(17) In the third longitudinal elastomer 30 as shown in FIG. 6, the structures of the large-stiffness elastic element 32 and the elastomer pre-compression device 33 are completely the same as those in the first longitudinal elastomer, and only the small-stiffness elastic element 31 is different. The small-stiffness elastic element 31 is provided with a metal helical spring 31c, the metal helical spring 31c is sleeved on the oriented positioning screw 33b, one end of the metal helical spring 31c is propped against one metal bearing plate 32b, and the other end of the metal helical spring 31c is propped against the bottom surface of the rigid outer cover 33a. The metal helical spring 31c is at a pre-compression state under the action of the pre-compression load F1, after the locking nut 33c is tightened.

(18) In an operation process of the variable stiffness positioning device for the railway vehicle bogie axle box provided by the present invention on a railway vehicle, when the longitudinal elastomer 30 bears a load, since the initial load is smaller than the pre-compression load F1 of the small-stiffness elastic element 31, the large-stiffness elastic element 32 bears the load at first. In this way, the longitudinal elastomer 30 has larger longitudinal compression stiffness when the longitudinal deformation displacement is very small, so that the railway vehicle can be guaranteed to have a higher snaking critical operation speed when operating on a straight line, and the acceleration operation demand of the vehicle is satisfied. With the gradual increase of the load, the deformation displacement of the longitudinal elastomer 30 will increase slowly. However, once the load is larger than the pre-compression load F1 of the small-stiffness elastic element 31, the small-stiffness elastic element 31 starts to bear the load. At this time, the longitudinal compression stiffness of the longitudinal elastomer 30 starts to become small, and the deformation displacement thereof will increase quickly to achieve the two-stage variable stiffness property being soft at first and then becoming hard of the longitudinal elastomer 30, and when the railway vehicle passes by a curve, it can be guaranteed that the lateral force between the wheel rails will not be too large to guarantee the curve operation safety of the vehicle.

(19) As shown in FIG. 7, the overall structure of another variable stiffness positioning device for railway vehicle bogie axle box provided by the present invention is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, and the difference still lies in the fourth longitudinal elastomer 30 formed by the small-stiffness elastic element 31, the large-stiffness elastic element 32 and the elastomer pre-compression device 33.

(20) As shown in FIG. 8, in the fourth longitudinal elastomer 30, the large-stiffness elastic element 32 is provided with an elastic rubber base layer 32a, and the elastic rubber base layer 32a is clamped between two metal bearing plates 32b and is vulcanized into an entirety with the same.

(21) The elastomer pre-compression device 33 is provided with a rigid outer cover 33a, an oriented positioning screw 33b is axially arranged in the rigid outer cover 33a, one end of the oriented positioning screw 33b stretches out from the opening of the rigid outer cover 33a to be fixedly connected with an end face baffle 33d, the other end of the oriented positioning screw 33b stretches out from the bottom surface of the rigid outer cover 33a to form threaded connection with a locking nut 33c, the end face baffle 33d is propped against one metal bearing plate 32b, and a positioning lug boss 34 is arranged on the end face of the other metal bearing plate 32b.

(22) The small-stiffness elastic element 31 is provided with a metal helical spring 31c, the metal helical spring 31c is sleeved on the oriented positioning screw 33b, one end of the metal helical spring 31c is propped against the end face baffle 33d, the other end of the metal helical spring 31c is propped against the bottom surface of the rigid outer cover 33a, and the metal helical spring 31c is at a pre-compression state under the action of the pre-compression load F1, after the locking nut 33c is tightened.

(23) Still as shown in FIG. 7, when the positioning device provided by the present invention is assembled, the mounting structure of the vertical elastomer 20 is the same as that in embodiment 1. For the fourth longitudinal elastomer 30, the rigid outer cover 33a of the elastomer pre-compression device 33 is detachably embedded into a side face mounting hole of the guide frame 40 of the side frame, and the positioning lug boss 34 on the end face of the other metal bearing plate 32b of the large-stiffness elastic element 32 is suspended in the side face mounting hole of the axle box bearing saddle 10 and is extrusion positioned by the metal helical spring 31c and the end face baffle 33d. The obtained effect is the same as that in embodiment 1.