Fluid heat exchanging apparatus

Abstract

A small-sized fluid heating/cooling apparatus for heating or cooling a large amount of gas or liquid at a low cost. Structures where a flow passage for a fluid is formed in a heated or cooled base formed in a plate shape or a column shape, and a fluid which has passed through the narrowed flow passage impinges on a wall of a side face of the base vertically to perform heat exchange are connected in series. Heat exchange is instantaneously performed in a small space and manufacture of a mechanism performing such an operation is easy. A material constituting the flow passage may be a metal or ceramics, and a small-sized fluid heat exchanging apparatus can be manufactured at a low cost.

Claims

1. A fluid heat exchanging apparatus comprising a plate (300) including tubs (G11, G21, G12, G22), coupling holes (H12, H21, H22), an introduction port (301), and a blowout port (307), the plate (300) having a first face, a second face opposite to the first face, a first end, and a second end opposite to the first end, a first sealing plate (303) provided in contact with the first face of the plate (300), and a second sealing plate (305) provided in contact with the second face of the plate (300), wherein the tubs (G11, G21, G12, G22) are provided so as to be arranged on each of the first face and the second face of the plate (300) in one direction in a plurality of stages, each of the tubs (G11, G21, G12, G22) has a bottom face and has a depth (Dtub) defined by a distance between the first face or the second face and the bottom face; the tubs (G11, G21) provided on the first face of the plate (300) and the tubs (G12, G22) provided on the second face of the plate (300) are sealed by the first sealing plate (303) and the second sealing plate (305) in an air-tight manner; one tub (G21) provided on the first face of the plate (300) has an overlapping portion (OP) with two tubs (G12, G22) provided adjacent to each other on the second face of the plate (300) in a plane view; each of the coupling holes (H12, H21, H22) couples the bottom face of the tub (G21) provided on the first face of the plate (300) and the bottom face of the tub (G12) provided on the second face of the plate (300) in the overlapping portion (OP), and has a length (Lhole) defined by a distance between the bottom face of the tub (G21) provided on the first face and the bottom face of the tub (G12) provided on the second face, wherein the length (Lhole) of each of the coupling holes (H12, H21, H22) is longer than the depth (Dtub) of each of the tubs (G11, G21, G12, G22); the introduction port (301) is provided on the first end of the plate (300), and is configured to introduce a fluid into one of the tubs (G11) adjacent the first end of the plate (300); the blowout port (307) is provided on the second end of the plate (300), and is configured to discharge the fluid from one of the tubs (G22) adjacent the second end of the plate (300); and heat exchange is performed between the first and second sealing plates (303, 305) and the fluid.

2. The fluid heat exchanging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fluid is a gas or a liquid.

3. The fluid heat exchanging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the gas is a gas obtained by combining at least one of an inert gas containing nitrogen, argon, helium, hydrocarbon, or fluorocarbon; hydrogen or a reducing gas discharging hydrogen; a gas containing an element of group VIB and a gas containing an element of group VIIB.

4. The fluid heat exchanging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the gas is a gas containing water or air.

5. The fluid heat exchanging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the liquid is water.

6. The fluid heat exchanging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second sealing plates (303, 305) and the plate (300) are made of metal or metal coated with a different kind of metal.

7. The fluid heat exchanging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second sealing plates (303, 305) and the plate (300) are made of one of ceramics and a composite material containing carbon.

8. The fluid heat exchanging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second sealing plates (303, 305) are heated by inserting heaters into the first and second sealing plates (303, 305) or bringing heaters into close contact with the sealing plates, or the plate (300) is heated.

9. The fluid heat exchanging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second sealing plates (303, 305) or the plate (300) is cooled.

10. The fluid heat exchanging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fluid heat exchanging apparatus is expanded at a right angle direction to a flow of the fluid, or the shape of the blowout port (307) is made long in a slit shape.

11. An apparatus for bringing a high-temperature steam produced by the fluid heat exchanging apparatus according to claim 1 and an organic matter into contact with each other.

12. An apparatus in which a plurality of the fluid heat exchanging apparatuses according to claim 1 are arranged in parallel and a plurality of the induction ports (301) and a plurality of the blowout ports (307) are provided.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one example (Domestic Re-Publication of PCT Patent Application WO2006/030526) of a conventional gas heating apparatus;

(2) FIGS. 2A to 2D are schematic views of one example (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-001541, a gas heating apparatus shown in FIG. 5) of a conventional gas heating apparatus;

(3) FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a basic mechanism for performing heat exchange between a plate and sealing plates;

(4) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a fluid heat exchanging mechanism where a flow passage is formed by sandwiching a plate part by sealing plates;

(5) FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a fluid heat exchanging apparatus showing an entire case housing a fluid heat exchanging mechanism section;

(6) FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a fluid heat exchanging apparatus showing modified aspects of a fluid introduction port and a fluid outlet port;

(7) FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of a fluid heat exchanging apparatus provided with two heat exchanging plates;

(8) FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of a structure where a flow passage is formed on one face of a plate;

(9) FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view of another structure where a flow passage is formed on one face of a plate;

(10) FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of still another structure where a flow passage is formed on one face of a plate;

(11) FIG. 11A is a schematic view of an arrangement where nearest coupling holes put in a relationship between an upstream side and a downstream side are not arranged such that axes thereof are the same axis of coupling holes;

(12) FIG. 11B is a schematic view of an arrangement where straight lines representing the position of tubs and axes of coupling holes are not parallel with each other;

(13) FIG. 12A is a schematic sectional view of a cylinder in a circumferential phase P11, whose surface is formed with a flow passage;

(14) FIG. 12B is a schematic sectional view of a cylinder in a circumferential phase P22, whose surface is formed with a flow passage;

(15) FIG. 12C is a view showing a phase of a position in a circumferential direction where a coupling hole is present; and

(16) FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a heat exchanging apparatus where flow passages are formed on both faces of a plate and they are collectively taken out of a slit-shaped fluid outlet port.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(17) FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a fluid heat exchanging mechanism 400 where a flow passage is formed by sandwiching a plate part by sealing plates. Sealing plates 403 and 404 are provided with heaters 405, 406, 407 and 408.

(18) The plate 410 and the sealing plates 403 and 404 are made of stainless steel, and one meeting the standard SUS316L is used as the stainless steel. Tubs G11, G12, G21, G22, G31, G32, G41, G42, G51, G52, and G61 are manufactured so as to be spaced from one another by 2 mm by working both faces of the plate. A depth of the tub is 1 mm and an area of the tub is set to 4 mm30 mm. Coupling holes H12, H21, H22, H31, H32, H41, H42, H51, H52, and H61 couple tubs to each other. The number of coupling holes bored by a drill is in a range from 5 to 10. The coupling hole has a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 3 mm.

(19) A distance from an outlet of the coupling hole to a wall surrounding the tub on which a fluid impinges is shorter than the length of the coupling hole such that the fluid goes out of an outlet of the coupling hole at a high speed to impinge on the wall surrounding the tub. A relationship between the distance from the outlet of the coupling hole to the wall on which a fluid impinges and the length of the coupling hole lies in a relationship effective for causing heat exchange efficiently.

(20) The coupling holes H11 and H62 coupling a fluid introduction port 401 and a fluid outlet port 402, and the tubs were bored by a drill. After the fluid introduction hole 401 was welded, cleaning was performed, and the sealing plates 403 and 404 and the plate 410 were welded. Thus, the flow passage for a fluid was formed.

(21) The heaters 405, 406, 407, and 408 are inserted into the sealing plates 403 and 404. For easy understanding, the heaters are illustrated so as to project from the sealing plates. The heaters may be actually provided in the sealing plates.

(22) The heater may be provided in the center of the sealing plate. Though an example where four heaters are provided is shown, only one heater may be provided, which can be designed arbitrarily.

(23) FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a fluid heat exchanging apparatus 500 showing an entire case housing a fluid heat exchanging mechanism 400.

(24) The fluid heat exchanging mechanism 400 is heated by heaters 503 power-fed from heater power-feeding wires 505. The heater 503 is made of silicon carbide and it can perform heating up to a temperature of 1000 C.

(25) The fluid heat exchanging apparatus 500 is configured by housing the fluid heat exchanging mechanism 400 in a heat-isolating case 501 and an outer case 502.

(26) The fluid heat exchanging mechanism 400 is heat-isolated by the heat-isolating case 501 receiving a heat-isolating material 504 therein. The outer case 502 made of stainless steel is arranged outside of the heat-isolating case 501 and an end thereof is connected to a flange 506. A fluid outlet temperature of the fluid heat exchanging mechanism 400 is measured by a thermocouple (not shown), and power is controlled such that a required temperature is maintained. A set temperature of the fluid outlet was set at 500 C. in order to produce nitrogen heated up to 500 C.

(27) A nitrogen gas is supplied from the fluid introduction port 401 at a rate of 100 SLM. The nitrogen gas is heated in the fluid heat exchanging mechanism 400 instantaneously. The nitrogen heated up to 500 C. goes out of the fluid outlet port 402. When the heating temperature is set at 300 C., nitrogen having an approximately same temperature of 300 C. is obtained.

(28) The example for heating a nitrogen gas has been described above. It is possible to use a gas other than the nitrogen gas in the heating mechanism.

(29) For example, an inert gas containing argon, helium, hydrocarbon, or fluorocarbon, hydrogen or a reducing gas discharging hydrogen, a gas containing an element of group VIB such as oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or a gas containing an element of group VIIB such as fluorine can be also used. Further, a gas composed of a plurality of gases of these gases may be used.

(30) Further, the gas may be a gas containing water or air.

(31) A fluid other than the gas can be used arbitrarily. For example, when the fluid is water, it is possible to produce a high-temperature steam.

(32) Parts were manufactured by using SUS316L in the above example. Proper material is selected arbitrarily according to a temperature range to be used or properties of a fluid. A material constituting parts is not only a metal such as stainless steel or aluminum but also a metal coated with a different kind of metal.

(33) Further, when metal contamination is especially disliked, the parts may be made of ceramics containing graphite, alumina, or silicon carbide.

(34) FIG. 6 shows a plate 610 which is a modified example of the plate 410. The plate 610 is provided with fluid introduction ports 601 and 602. Introduction fluids F11 and F12 introduced from the respective fluid introduction ports 601 and 602 are introduced while flow rates thereof are being controlled by a flow rate control apparatus (not shown). The fluids F11 and F12 may be the same fluid or may be different fluids. There are coupling holes H611 and H612 in the tub G11 of the tubs G11, G21, G31, G41, G51, and G61. The coupling holes H611 and H612 may be provided in different tubs.

(35) Coupling holes H621 coupled to the tub G61 are coupled to a fluid outlet port 603 which is an outlet for a discharge fluid heat-exchanged and discharged. The fluid outlet port 603 is formed in a slit shape having a length L and a width W.

(36) If a gap having a length L and a clearance W is established between the sealing plate 403 and the plate to be utilized as a fluid outlet port 603 (not shown), the gap serves as the fluid outlet port 603 without performing working for forming the coupling holes H621.

(37) The length L of the fluid outlet port is increased according to expansion of the length of the plate 610. The length L of the discharge fluid can be expanded by connecting plates 610 in parallel to connect respective fluid outlet ports of the plate 610 to form one fluid outlet port.

(38) FIG. 7 shows a fluid heat exchanging apparatus 700 as a modified example of the fluid heat exchanging apparatus. The fluid heat exchanging apparatus 700 has a heater center sealing plate 701 at the center of the apparatus, and the sealing plate is provided with a heater 702. Two plates 703 and 705 forming gas heating flow passages are provided on both sides of the sealing plate 701. Sealing plates 704 and 706 are provided outside of the plates, and gas flow passages sealed by these sealing plates and the plates are provided in a two-line fashion.

(39) An introduction flow F1 is divided into two flows through coupling holes H711 and H712 to be guided to the two plates 703 and 705. The heated fluids are collected to the heating center sealing plate 701 through coupling holes H721 and H722, so that a discharge fluid F2 is discharged from the fluid outlet port 603.

(40) A heat isolating case 501 is provided so as to enclose a fluid heat exchanging mechanism 710 formed by these sealing plates and plates, and an outer case 602 is provided so as to enclose the heat isolating case 501. The heat isolating case 501 and the outer case 602 are fixed to a flange 506.

(41) The fluid heat exchanging apparatus 700 having such a structure that the heating center sealing plate 701 heated by the heater is provided at the center of the apparatus 700, the heating center sealing plate 701 is provided with the fluid introduction port 401, and the heating center sealing plate 701 is sandwiched between the plates 703 and 705 having a heat exchanging structure is manufactured as described above. The fluid heat exchanging apparatus 700 provides a structure capable of obtaining a large flow rate and lowering a temperature in an outward direction.

(42) The above was the example of the structure where tubs for heat exchange were formed on both front and back faces of the plate and the flow passage crossed the plate. An example having a structure where tubs are formed on one face of a plate serving as a base and a flow passage does not cross the plate serving as a base will be shown next.

(43) FIG. 8 shows an example having a structure where a flow passage is formed on one face of a plate 800 serving as a base.

(44) When the tub G11 shown in FIG. 3 is caused to correspond to a tub G81 shown in FIG. 8, a tub G82 corresponds to the tub G12 shown in FIG. 3. Similarly, tubs G83 and G84 correspond to the tubs G21 and G22 shown in FIG. 3, respectively. Coupling holes H812, H823, and H834 correspond to the coupling holes H12, H21, and H22 shown in FIG. 3, respectively. A flow passage of fluid is shown by a broken line. This flow passage does not cross the plate 800.

(45) A fluid whose flow speed is increased at the coupling hole impinges on a wall of the plate 800 approximately vertically to perform heat exchange with the wall instantaneously.

(46) In this example, since the plate 800 is heated by a heat source 803 using a heater serving as a heating mechanism, a fluid is heated. When a cooling source 803 using coolant instead of the heating mechanism is provided in the plate, a fluid is cooled.

(47) Since the tubs arranged on one face of the plate become small, the positions of the nearest coupling holes also become close to each other. As the property of a fluid, when coupling holes adjacent to each other form a specific flow passage, flow rate distribution does not occur in an equal distribution fashion. In order to avoid such a phenomenon, it is desirable to arrange respective coupling holes such that axes of the coupling holes do not overlap with one another.

(48) FIG. 9 shows a structure where coupling holes are inclined and sizes of tubs are made further small. There is such a merit that a pitch of tubs and a pitch of holes along a flowing direction of a fluid can be made smaller than the case shown in FIG. 8. At this time, the nearest coupling holes put in a relationship between an upstream side and a downstream side are arranged such that respective axes thereof do not overlap with each other in order to keep away the coupling holes positioned at an upstream side and a downstream side from each other. A coupling hole H923 is shown by a broken line in FIG. 9 in order to show such a fact.

(49) FIG. 10 shows an example where cutting work for forming tubs is made simpler than the case shown in FIG. 9. Since sections of tubs G101, G102, G103, and G104 are approximately triangular, the cutting work is further simple. In this case, also, the nearest coupling holes H1012, H1023, and H1034 put in a relationship between an upstream side and a downstream side are arranged such that respective axes thereof do not overlap with one another. A coupling hole H1023 is shown by a broken line in order to show such a fact.

(50) FIG. 11A is a sectional view taken along line 11A-11A in FIG. 10. FIG. 11A shows an example having an arrangement where the nearest coupling holes put in a relationship between an upstream side and a downstream side are arranged such that respective axes thereof do not overlap with each other. Straight lines P1 and P2 showing positions of tubs, and axes 1101 of coupling holes are parallel with each other.

(51) FIG. 11B shows an example having an arrangement where straight lines P1 showing positions of tubs and axes 1101 of coupling holes are not parallel with each other. This case also shows an example having an arrangement where the nearest coupling holes put in a relationship between an upstream side and a downstream side are arranged such that respective axes thereof do not overlap with each other.

(52) FIGS. 12A and 12B show examples where flow passages are provided on a surface of a cylinder 1200 serving as a base instead of the flow passages being provided on one face of the plate serving as a base. When a fluid is heated, a heater 1201 is positioned inside of the cylinder 1200. In this example, the heater 1201 is arranged at the center of the cylinder 1200.

(53) Tubs are arranged on the surface of cylinder and tubs of the tubs adjacent to each other are coupled by a coupling hole. The structure of the tub can be arbitrarily selected from the structures shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 9, and FIG. 10. The nearest coupling holes put in a relationship between an upstream side and a downstream side are arranged at different positions along a circumferential direction such that respective axes thereof do not overlap with one another.

(54) FIG. 12C shows a phase of a coupling hole at a position in a circumferential direction. This phase is called circumferential phase in this specification. Regarding the nearest coupling holes put in a relationship between an upstream side and a downstream side, for example, coupling holes on the upstream side are arranged along circumferential phases P11, P12, P13, and P14, and coupling holes adjacent thereto on the downstream side are arranged along circumferential phases P21, P22, P23, and P24.

(55) FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B show sectional views of a cylinder in circumferential phases P11 and P12, having flow passages formed on a surface thereof. A sealing cylinder 1202 is welded to the cylinder 1200 having flow passages formed on a surface thereof, so that closed flow passages are formed. A fluid accelerated at a coupling hole impinges on a wall of the cylinder at a high speed so that heat exchange is performed efficiently.

(56) FIG. 13 is an example of a plate-shaped heat exchanging mechanism. Flow passages are formed on both faces of a plate 1300 serving as a base, and sealing plates 1302 are welded to the plate 1300, so that closed passages are formed on both the faces of the plate 1300. Material is SUS316L. Heated fluids produced on both the faces are collected to be taken out of a slit-shaped fluid outlet port 1301. The heated fluid is suitable for heating a plate-shaped sample.

(57) The method for easily forming the structure of the heat exchanging apparatus for heating or cooling a fluid instantaneously has been shown above. The heat exchanging apparatus can be manufactured by working various metals including stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, iron, chromium, and tungsten.

(58) Further, a multilayer metal or a material coated with metal can be used.

(59) Ceramics, or carbon coated with SiC can be used. Further, a plastic composite material containing carbon such as carbon nanotube or graphene can be used.

(60) Though the examples where only one present apparatus is used are shown, such a configuration can be adopted that a plurality of the present apparatuses are arranged in series or in parallel and temperatures of the respective apparatuses can be set arbitrarily. For example, two fluid heat exchanging apparatuses are connected in series, where it is possible to change a fluid to a gas at a set temperature by a first fluid heat exchanging apparatus and change the gas to a gas having an arbitrarily set temperature by a second fluid heat exchanging apparatus. Further, it is also possible to produce a high-temperature steam from water instantaneously by utilizing the present apparatus which has been size-reduced.

(61) The present invention provides a small-sized part for producing a large amount of gas or liquid which has been heated to a high temperature. Further, the present invention also provides a small-sized heat exchanger to an apparatus for cooling a coolant used for superconductivity. As application fields, the present invention can be used for drying printed matter, a small-sized heater, heating in a greenhouse, production of a high-temperature chemical for cleaning, food heating, sterilization, generation of overheated steam for organic matter decomposition used for biomass power generation, and a cooler of a cooling apparatus in superconductivity installation. The present invention is suitable for a technique for film-forming solar cells or a flat panel display apparatus (FPD) on a large-sized substrate such as a glass substrate at a low cost.

(62) When a temperature of 300 C. or less is handled, a composite material containing carbon can be used. Since a plastics composite material can be worked at a low cost and it has chemical resistance, the present invention provides a high efficient heat exchanger when toxic heat source such as geothermal power generation is used. When the part is used for cooling opposite to heating, the part serves as a heat exchanging part for producing a cooled gas or liquid.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

(63) 101 GAS INLET 102 HOLLOW DISC 103 PIPE 104 GAS OUTLET 300 PLATE 301 FLUID INLET PORT 302 INTRODUCTION FLUID 303, 305 SEALING PLATE 304, 306 HEATER 307 FLUID OUTLET PORT 308 DISCHARGE FLUID G11, G12, G21, G22 TUB H12, H21, H22 COUPLING HOLE 400 FLUID HEAT EXCHANGING MECHANISM 401 FLUID INTRODUCTION PORT 402 FLUID OUTLET PORT 403, 404 SEALING PLATE 405, 406, 407, 408 HEATER 410 PLATE G11, G12, G21, G22, G31, G32, G41, G42, G51, G52, G61 TUB H12, H21, H22, H31, H32, H41, H42, H51, H52, H61 COUPLING HOLE F1 INTRODUCTION FLUID F2 DISCHARGE FLUID 500, 700 FLUID HEAT EXCHANGING APPARATUS 501 HEAT-ISOLATING CASE 502 OUTER CASE 503 HEATER 504 HEAT-ISOLATING MATERIAL 505 POWER-FEEDING WIRES 506 FLANGE 601 FLUID INTRODUCTION PORT 602 FLUID INTRODUCTION PORT 603 FLUID OUTLET PORT 610 PLATE H611, H612, H621 COUPLING HOLE F11, F12 INTRODUCTION FLUID L LENGTH OF FLUID OUTLET PORT W WIDTH OF FLUID OUTLET PORT 701 HEATER CENTER SEALING PLATE 702 HEATER 703, 705 PLATE 704, 706 SEALING PLATE 710 FLUID HEAT EXCHANGING MECHANISM H711, H712, H721, H722 COUPLING HOLE 800 PLATE 801 FLUID INTRODUCTION PORT 802, 806 FLUID 803 HEAT SOURCE OR COOLING SOURCE 804 SEALING PLATE 805 FLUID OUTLET PORT G81, G82, G83, G84, G91, G92, G93, G94, G101, G102, G103, G104 TUB H812, H823, H834, H912, H923, H934, H1012, H1023, H1034 COUPLING HOLE 1101 AXIS OF COUPLING HOLE P1, P2 STRAIGHT LINE INDICATING POSITION OF TUB 1200 CYLINDER 1201 HEATER 1202 SEALED CYLINDER P11, P12, P13, P14, P21, P22, P23, P24 CIRCUMFERENTIAL PHASE 1300 PLATE FORMED WITH FLOW PASSAGE ON BOTH SURFACES THEREOF 1301 SLIT-SHAPED FLUID OUTLET PORT 1302 SEALING PLATE 1303 HEATER