METHOD OF MAKING POROUS MONO CORDIERTIE GLASS CERAMIC MATERIAL AND ITS USE

Abstract

A sintered porous cordierite-based glass-ceramic material is made using mainly three natural starting materials which are silica sand, kaolin clay and magnesite in addition to little boric acid is described. Upon melting at 1400-1450 C., this combination of raw materials and boric acid forms transparent brown glass which after solidification by quenching is then crushed and reduced to powder having a median particle size diameter less than 65 microns. This brown glass powder is consolidated, for example by compaction, to form a green body for sintering. Sintering of the green body at temperatures between about 1000 C. and 1300 C. in the period from 1 min to 60 min to produce porous cordierite glass-ceramic material containing a 56% porosity. The said material have density, microhardness and CTE suitable for use in various technical fields such as light insulation refractor material and in filter for vehicle exhaust.

Claims

1. A method of preparing a porous mono-cordierite glass-ceramic material, comprising: a) mixing and homogenizing a natural raw material, a mixture of oxide and a commercial material, wherein the natural raw material is a silica sand, kaolin and magnesite and the commercial material is a boric acid; b) Melting the homogenized the natural raw materials with boric acid at a temperature of from about 1400 C. to 1450 C. to form a glass frit material; c) crushing the frit glass material that is quenched to form a crushed glass powder having a particle size diameter of no greater than about 65 microns; d) consolidating the crushed glass powder into a green body; e) sintering the green body at a temperature of from about 1000 C. to 1300 C. for a specific time to devitrify and form a porous polycrystalline material; and f) cooling porous polycrystalline material to form a cordierite polycrystalline material.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said mixture of oxides has 0.50 wt % to 01.50 wt % of CaO; 0.01 wt % to 0.20 wt % of Na.sub.2O, 0.01 wt % to 0.20 wt % of K.sub.2O, 0 50 wt % to 60 wt % of SiO.sub.2, 10 wt % to 25 wt % of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 5.00 wt % to 20 wt % B.sub.2O.sub.3, 10 wt % to 15 wt % of MgO, 0.5 wt % to 2.5 wt % of TiO.sub.2, 0.5 to 1.5 wt % of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, and 0.50 to 1.50 wt % of CaO.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said silica sand, kaolin and magnesite are combined to provide a combination of raw materials comprising 10.00 wt % to 45.00 wt % of silica sand, 31.00 wt % to 87.00 wt % of kaolin, 15.00 wt % to 17.00 wt % of magnesite and boric acid from 10 to 35 wt %.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said quenched glass is crushed to frit having an average grain size of no greater than about 65 microns.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said crushed powder is consolidated into a green body at a compaction pressure ranging from about 10 KN to 20 KN.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein sintering is done at a temperature of from about 1000 C. to 1300 C. for the specific time between 1 min to 1 hour.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein said polycrystalline phase in said porous sintered glass-ceramic body mainly from cordierite with residual glass.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The present invention is further described in the detailed description which follows, in reference to the noted plurality of drawings by way of non-limiting examples of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, in which like reference numerals represent similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings, and wherein:

[0015] FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the several steps of the glass-ceramic preparation process herein.

[0016] FIGS. 2A and 2B shows differential thermal analysis of the glass sample in bulk and powder state.

[0017] FIGS. 3 and 4 show morphology of the sintered sample at 1300 C.

[0018] FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 shows x-ray diffraction patterns of the sintered glass samples sintered at 1100, 1150, 1200 and 1250 C. FIG. 6 shows the x ray patterns of the sample sintered 1300 C.

[0019] FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, and 7E shows several SEM micrographs of the glass-ceramic samples sintered at 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250 and 1300 C. at X 150.

[0020] FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D and 8E shows several SEM micrographs of the glass-ceramic samples sintered at 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250 and 1300 C. at X 1500.

[0021] FIG. 9A shows the median pore diameter (volume) and 9B the median pore diameter (area).

[0022] FIG. 10 shows the EDX microanalysis of the glass-ceramic samples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In this invention the preparation of cordierite-containing glass-ceramic material at low temperature took place. The starting materials are natural materials in addition to little commercial boric acid as the source for B.sub.2O.sub.3.

[0024] For the preparation of the glass ceramic bodies in the present work, three natural raw materials are used. These raw materials include silica sand, kaolin clay and the magnesite. These three raw material types are combined with the boric acid in chosen amounts which are calculated to provide upon subsequent good homogenization mixing.

[0025] The mixture of batch after combining and homogenizing and three essential raw materials with commercial boric acid must comprise from about 50 wt % to 60 wt % of SiO.sub.2 (silicon dioxide), from about 10 wt % to 25 wt % of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 (alumina); from about 10 wt % to 15 wt % of MgO (magnesia or magnesium oxide); from about 5.0 to 20.0 of B.sub.2O.sub.3 (boron oxide); from about 0.5 wt % to 2.5 wt % of TiO.sub.2 (titanium dioxide) and from about 0.5 wt % to 1.5 wt % of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 (ferric oxide or iron III oxide). Also the mixture of oxides provided by combining the three essential raw materials with little oxides comprise from 0.50 to 1.50 wt % of CaO; from 0.01 to 0.20 wt % of Na.sub.2O and from 0.01 to 0.20 wt % K.sub.2O.

[0026] The used natural raw materials are available geographically in Saudi Arabian Silica sand is used as the main source of SiO.sub.2 in the batch mixture of oxides which are formed from the combination of raw materials. Kaolin clay is the principal source of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 to be found in the batch mixture of oxides described above. Kaolin clay also supplies SiO.sub.2 to the oxide mixture as well as little amounts of TiO.sub.2, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, Na.sub.2O, K.sub.2O and CaO. Magnesite is the main source of MgO and may also contain small amounts CaO, Al.sub.2O.sub.3 as well as very small amounts of K.sub.2O, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, Na.sub.2O, and TiO.sub.2.

[0027] The three essential raw materials with the commercial boric acid are preferably mixed in any conventional tool to get homogenous mixture. That is done by using crushing, grinding and/or milling to provide the desired substantially uniform particle blend. The mixture of batch is melted at a temperature of from about 1400 C. to 1450 C. to form amorphous glass material. Melting takes place in sintered alumina crucible in a globular furnace. To ensure homogenization 3 to 4 times swirling take place during the melting process.

[0028] The resulting amorphous glass melt is solidified by discharging the melt into normal water. The result after the water quenching is a transparent brown glass. The brown glass material can be converted to powder size particles using ball mill. The desired grain size of glass powder was <0.065 mm. For consolidation into a body, the glass powder material was combined with a binder (7% PVA). Such consolidation was carried out in a suitable round mold using uniaxial pressing (20 KN).

[0029] The consolidated material from the glass powder is sintered in order to devitrify at least a portion of the glass into a crystalline material. Sintering of the body is carried out at a temperature of from about 1000 C. to 1300 C. for a period of time from about 0 to 60 minutes. However drying of the consolidated disc for evaporation of organic binder took about 1 h before the sintering process.

[0030] In the ending, the sintered body is cooled to provide a porous glass-ceramic material comprising a mono-crystalline cordierite. This mono-crystalline material will comprise about 70 to 80 wt % of the glass-ceramic body. Generally the glass batch of the glass-ceramic material is containing 80 to 90% raw materials and about 10 to 20% commercial chemicals (B.sub.2O.sub.3). The sintered glass-ceramic have yellowish creamy colour.

[0031] The procedure for preparing the porous cordierite-based glass-ceramic bodies are further illustrated by FIG. 1. The flow chart in FIG. 1 showing the steps of the glass ceramic synthesis procedure starting with the formation of the mixture of the three types of raw materials with the commercial boric acid and ending with the porous cordierite glass-ceramic body.

[0032] The porous cordierite glass-ceramic bodies prepared as described herein (from natural raw materials, from Saudi Arabia, with commercial boric acid) have low density, good microhardness values, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high resistance to heat and deformation and high resistance to thermal shocks. These properties make such porous glass-ceramic bodies herein especially useful as light insulation panel, gas filtration and as refractoriness in safe up to 1000 C.

[0033] The density of the sintered glass-ceramic samples prepared as described herein can range from about 1.9880 to 1.1278 g/ml for bulk density and from 2.1303 to 2.5878 g/ml for apparent density.

[0034] Microhardness of the cordierite based porous sintered glass-ceramic material can be determined herein, using the procedures of ASTM E-384 and is reported as Vickers Hardness (VH). Microhardness VH values for the porous sintered glass-ceramic of this invention can range from about 560 to 660 kg/mm.sup.2 (Table 2).

[0035] The Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) is a conventional thermodynamic property of glass-ceramic material of the type prepared herein. The CTE of the cordierite-based glass-ceramic bodies as prepared herein will generally range from about 32.63 to 14.44 form room temperature to 300 and 500 C. respectively (Table 2).

EXAMPLES

[0036] Silicasand, kaolin clay and magnesite are the main raw materials provide with commercial boric acid, upon subsequent homogeneous mixing and heating, this mixtures of oxides shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Composition of cordierite batch in oxide wt %. Commercial Oxides from raw materials in wt % chemical SiO.sub.2 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 CaO MgO Na.sub.2O K.sub.2O TiO.sub.2 B.sub.2O.sub.3 * Range 50.00-60.00 10.00-25.00 0.50-1.50 0.50-1.50 10.00-15.00 0.01-0.02 0.01-0.02 0.50-2.50 5.00-20.00 * Commercial

[0037] Preparation of the porous sintered glass-ceramic bodies of the present invention is illustrated by the following: The starting raw materials with commercial boric acid are processed into glass ceramic discs following the procedure shown in FIG. 1. The batch of raw materials is thoroughly mixed and then melted in sintered alumina crucibles in the temperature up to 1450 C. The glass in the crucibles is then water quenched to form dark brown glass frits which is crushed and pulverized into powder in grains of less than 65 microns in average diameter. Glass powder is then consolidated into the discs by dry pressing at a compaction pressure of 15 KN using binder of PVA solution. The discs are then sintered at different temperatures ranging from 1000 C. to 1300 C. (1000 C.; 1050 C.; 1200 C.; 1250 C.; 1300 C.).

[0038] In FIG. 2 shows via differential thermal analysis that the softening temperature of each of powder or bulk glass ranges from 759 C. to 776 C. and the crystallization temperatures ranges from 939 C. to 1130 C. However, at higher temperatures, partial remelting takes place.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Porosity and Densities, microhardness and CTE of Sintered Glass-Ceramic Samples at 1200, 1250, and 1300 C. Porosity % of the sintered glass-ceramic samples, at 1200 and 1300 C., were 8.99% and 56.42%, respectively. Property 1200 C. 1250 C. 1300 C. Density (g/mL) Bulk 1.988 1.8708 1.1278 Apparent (skeletal) 2.1303 2.5823 2.5878 Porosity (%) 8.99 27.00 56.42 Micro hardness (Kg/mm.sup.2) 560 660 580 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CET) ( 10.sup.7 C..sup.1) 20-300 C. 10.32 32.63 10.38 20-500 C. 7.86 4.48 14.44

[0039] FIGS. 3 and 4 shows the appearance of macro and micro porous glass-ceramic disc sintered up to 1300 C. FIGS. 3 and 4 show the appearance of macro and micro porous glass ceramic discs sintered up to 1300 C. FIG. 4 shows the scaled general view of the discus with irregular pores that spread over the surface. The dark spots refer to the spread pores (FIG. 4b). These pores are irregular and range from <0.010 mm to 1 mm (FIGS. 4a and 4b). The fresh fracture surface of the sample show some connected pores (FIG. 4c). The connection of pores was confirmed by passage of water through the sample.

[0040] FIGS. 5 and 6 shows x-ray diffraction patterns of the present glass sintered at different temperatures. The patterns indicate that the glass-ceramic material is of cordierite alone. The x ray diffraction analysis in FIGS. 5 and 6 indicates that the patterns referred to cordierite alone (with the indexed d spacing at 8.46, 3.39, 3.15, 3.13, 3.03 and 2.65 , ICDD 12-0303). In the fact crystallization of mono-mineralic phase, mean an almost equal properties in all the sample.

[0041] FIGS. 7 and 8 shows several SEM micrographs of the glass-ceramic samples sintered at different temperature. The scanning electron micrographs SEM (at one magnification) show increase of the pore size from 20 um at 1100 to >500 um at 1300 C, that is accompanied by some connection of pores especially the samples sintered at 1250 and 1300 (FIG. 7). However, the spread of hexagon cordierite crystals in the glassy matrix in all the SEM photos confirm the crystallization unique of monomineralic phase.

[0042] FIG. 9 shows the median pore diameter. The porosity of sintered glass-ceramic samples was measured using Porosimeter. The best results was obtained from the sample that treated at 1300 C. (Table 2), the results indicated that medium pore diameter is 26.600 um, the average pore diameter is 0.1429 um and the porosity is 56.

[0043] FIG. 10 shows the EDS micoranalysis of the euhadral hexagonal cordierite crystal formed in the porous sintered sample. The micoranalysis show the possible incorporation of boron in the cordierite structure

[0044] The Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of the sintered samples ranges between 32.63 to 14.4410-6 C.-1 from room temperature to 300 and 500 C. respectively. The microhardness values were between 560 to 660 Kg/mm2 (Table 2). The present results show the lower value of CTE, which is the characteristic of cordierite glass-ceramic, that mean it can use under temperature with very low expansion. In addition, the hardness, the resistance of the material to scratch, value according to Vicker's microhardness was between 560 and 660 kg/mm2 (between 5 and 6 moho scale). Little decrease of hardness value, than the usual on may be due to the incorporation of boron in cordierite structure or the residual glass.