Deburring tool for deburring in particular non-round recesses in workpieces

Abstract

The invention relates to a deburring tool for deburring edges (1, 1a, 1b), of any desired shape, of recesses in workpieces (19) using at least one cutting blade (2, 2a, 2b, 2), wherein the deburring tool is in the form of a slotting and/or drawings tool which is rotated incrementally about its longitudinal axis and is driven displaceably in an oscillating manner in the direction of its longitudinal axis.

Claims

1. A method of deburring an edge of a workpiece comprising the steps of: providing a cutting tool having a longitudinal axis, providing a workpiece having an edge, reciprocating the cutting tool parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cutting tool to remove material from the edge of the workpiece, indexing the cutting tool to a different location on the edge of the workpiece, and repeating the reciprocating step.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of indexing the cutting tool comprises rotating the cutting tool about the longitudinal axis of the cutting tool.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the cutting tool is rotated a predetermined index angle.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the predetermined index angle is about 0.5 degrees to about 2 degrees.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of indexing the cutting tool comprises translating the cutting tool perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the cutting tool.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the cutting tool is translated a predetermined index linear distance.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the cutting tool has a tool body and a cutting blade movably mounted in the tool body for movement perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cutting tool between an extended cutting position and a retracted non-cutting position, wherein the cutting blade is spring biased towards the extended cutting position.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the reciprocating step comprises: thrusting the cutting tool towards the workpiece until the cutting blade contacts the workpiece, further thrusting the cutting tool towards the workpiece such that the workpiece overcomes the spring bias of the cutting blade and urges the cutting blade to the retracted non-cutting position, further thrusting the cutting tool toward the workpiece until the cutting blade moves out of contact with the workpiece at which time the spring bias of the cutting blade moves the cutting blade into the extended cutting position, and drawing the cutting tool away from the workpiece to remove material from the edge of the workpiece with the cutting blade until such time as the workpiece overcomes the spring bias of the cutting blade and urges the cutting blade to the retracted non-cutting position.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein the workpiece has a first edge and a second opposite edge, and wherein the reciprocating step comprises: thrusting the cutting tool towards the workpiece until a first end of the cutting blade contacts the workpiece, further thrusting the cutting tool toward the workpiece to remove material from the first edge of the workpiece with the first end of the cutting blade, further thrusting the cutting tool towards the workpiece such that the workpiece overcomes the spring bias of the cutting blade and urges the cutting blade to the retracted non-cutting position, further thrusting the cutting tool toward the workpiece until the cutting blade moves out of contact with the workpiece at which time the spring bias of the cutting blade moves the cutting blade to the extended cutting position, and drawing the cutting tool away from the workpiece to remove material from the second edge of the workpiece with a second opposite end of the cutting blade until such time as the workpiece overcomes the spring bias of the cutting blade and urges the cutting blade to the retracted non-cutting position.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the cutting tool removes material from the edge of the workpiece as the cutting tool is thrust toward the workpiece.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the cutting tool removes material from the edge of the workpiece as the cutting tool is drawn away from the workpiece.

12. The method of claim 7 wherein the cutting blade includes a lead-in surface, a sliding surface, a control surface, a cutting edge, and a cutting face, as viewed from a forward end of the cutting blade to a rearward end of the cutting blade.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the cutting edge is arch-shaped.

14. The method of claim 7 wherein the cutting blade includes a first cutting face, a first cutting edge, a first control surface, a common sliding surface, a second control surface, a second cutting edge, and a second cutting face, as viewed from a forward end of the cutting blade to a rearward end of the cutting blade.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the cutting edges are arch-shaped.

Description

(1) Below, the invention is described more in detail with the help of as-built drawings. Other features and advantages of the invention essential for the invention are evinced from the drawings and their description.

(2) They show the following:

(3) FIG. 1: Section through two crossing holes with a resulting miscut hole rim/edge, which needs to be deburred.

(4) FIG. 2: The top view of the resulting miscut hole rim.

(5) FIG. 3: Cut by a first embodiment of a deburring tool according to the invention.

(6) FIG. 4: The detail view of the front side of the deburring tool after FIG. 3.

(7) FIG. 5: A perspective representation of the front end of the deburring tool after FIGS. 3 and 4.

(8) FIG. 6: The perspective representation of a first embodiment of a blade that operates in the pulling mode.

(9) FIG. 7: A second embodiment of a blade that operates in the pull and push mode.

(10) FIG. 8: The first operating step for a deburring blade in the pulling mode, if it has not yet entered into the hole.

(11) FIG. 9: The procedure step following FIG. 8 when the blade deburrs for the first time in the pulling mode.

(12) FIG. 10: A detailed representation of FIG. 9 with representation of the first contact of the blade on the hole rim.

(13) FIG. 11: Continuation of the representation after FIG. 10 when the blade is spring-loaded and enters into the main casting and carries out simultaneous machining of the hole rim.

(14) FIG. 12: The continuing work process after FIG. 11 when the blade is spring-loaded and has entered into the main casting and rest neutrally inside the hole.

(15) FIGS. 13-18: Chronological progress during deburring of an uneven hole rim using the pulling tool as per the invention.

(16) FIG. 19: Perspective representation of the cutting hole channels in a representation similar to FIG. 1.

(17) FIG. 20: Cut by another embodiment of the deburring tool having two blades in opposite directions.

(18) FIG. 21: The representation of a blade without a control surface as compared to FIG. 6 or 7.

(19) FIG. 22: Another embodiment for a deburring tool which works exclusively with one or several leaf springs.

(20) FIGS. 1 and 2 show that two holes cut in an angle of 45 degrees for example, namely, the longitudinal hole 20 and the cross hole 21, produce an intersection in the cutting section, whose edge to be deburred is olive shaped or drop shaped as per FIG. 2.

(21) Beveled bore edge 1 produced in the range of this opening must be deburred to its full circumference.

(22) Hence the upper beveled bore edge 1a as well as the lower beveled bore edge 1b are finished and cut completely without breaking it.

(23) Both these holes 20 and 21 are arranged in a workpiece 19 where the type and material selection of the workpiece 19 does not play a role in the invention. Workpiece 19 can consist of a metal material but it can also have a plastic, wood or any composite material.

(24) In the range of the cross hole 21, a hole inlet 24 and a hole outlet 23 are produced. The hole outlet 23 defines the upper and lower beveled bore edge 1a and 1b.

(25) The inventive slotting tool or draw plate appears from the cross hole 21 upwards in the direction of the arrow 14 to the plane of the paper according to FIG. 2. It then comes out in the type to be described later as one or several spring-loaded blades.

(26) The lateral surfaces from the bore outlet 23 and the bore inlet 24 are defined by the lateral bore trailing edge 26.

(27) FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the inventive slotting tool or draw plate, which is also commonly known as deburring tool. It consists of a somewhat cylindrical main casting 3, whose front extremity can be reduced in diameter.

(28) In the longitudinal hole in the interior of the main casting 3, the extremity of a spring 4 is fixed with a clamping screw 5. Spring 4 is designed as a flexible spring clamped at one side.

(29) It also works as a leaf spring. It can also be in the form of a rod clamped at one side or with eccentric cross section. The clamping screw 5 prevents the spring 4 from falling out backwards from the longitudinal hole in the main casting.

(30) The spring force of the spring 4 can be adjusted with the adjustment tool, which is not described in detail.

(31) According to FIG. 4, the front free and springy extremity of a spring 4 intersects a blade groove 11 at the base of blade 2 and it is positioned there in a swiveling setting.

(32) FIG. 4 shows the basic division or the division of work of the deburring tool, in which the blade 2 with its cutting edge 6 arranged at the back, is exposed from the blade window 12 of the main casting 3. The blade edge 6 is transferred to the cutting face 8, which is bent for blade edge (and which is described later) and on the other side of the blade edge 6 (again in a particular angle to this) a control surface 7 is provided for controlling the displacement of blade 2.

(33) Further details can be seen in FIG. 5. Here it is possible to see that the blade edge 6 has an arc-like shape and the only cutting edge of the blade is cutting edge 6, which is then transferred in the backward working direction 15 (direction of pull) in a subsequent concave cutting face 8.

(34) FIG. 6 shows how the concave cutting face 8 is transferred through a chip-flute 25 to a neutral surface 30.

(35) Of course, the invention is not limited to a concave, arc-shaped formation of the cutting face 8. The cutting face 8 is only used for chip removal of the cut blade and for continuing in the proximity of the main casting 3. Instead of a concave chip-flute 25, it can also be envisaged straight formed (i.e. beveled) but straightened chip-flutes 25.

(36) On the other side of cutting face 8 and beyond the cutting edge 6, a control surface 7 attaches to the cutting edge 6 whose function is described subsequently. A sliding surface 9 attaches to this control surface 7. The sliding surface is transferred in the insertion surface 10 and is used as a lead-in chamfer for blade 2 when it is inserted in the hole.

(37) The working direction (direction of pull) is marked with the direction of the arrow 15 in FIG. 5, and it is visible that the spring-loaded blade 2 protrudes under the effect of the spring 4 from the blade window 12 as shown in FIG. 5. This is the working position of the blade in which the cutting edge 6 is meshed with the opening edge to be processed.

(38) FIG. 6 shows further details of the blade 2 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 which is suitable only for the pulling operation. Here it can be observed that for the meshing of the front end of the spring 4, a blade groove 11 inserted deeply in the blade is to be envisaged.

(39) A radial shifting motion takes place under the load of the front end of the spring 4 in the marked direction of the arrow 22 outwards or against the force of this spring 4, inwards into the blade window 12.

(40) FIG. 7 shows a double sided blade 2a where, with respect to symmetry, the front side of the front center is arranged mirror-symmetrically with opposite cutting edges 6, 6a and every cutting edge 6, 6a moves to the assigned control surface 7, 7a in a central common slip surface 9.

(41) As described before even the cutting edge 6a is assigned to a cutting face 8a.

(42) As opposed to blade 2, which is suitable only for the pulling operation according to FIG. 6, the blade 2a is suitable for the pulling as well as the pushing operation according to FIG. 7 and it can be used for cutting in both directions.

(43) In addition to this, FIG. 6 shows that a blade 2, which is used for the pulling operation, can also be used at 180 degrees and it can be used in a position of 180 degrees in the blade window 12 of the deburring tool. This means that it is not suitable for the pulling operation but it is for the pushing operation. In this case, the blade groove 11 shown in FIG. 6 is provided so that through selective contact of the front extremity of the spring 4 in the blade groove 11 or 11, the blade can be used either in the working position shown in FIG. 6 or in a position used at 180 degrees in the pushing operation as opposed to FIG. 6.

(44) The blade according to FIG. 7 is designed for the pushing as well as the pulling operation and it can obviously be used for attaching an assigned blade groove 11 at 180 degrees.

(45) The double edged blade 2a shown in FIG. 7 can thus be operated simultaneously also in the operating directions (direction of the arrow 15 and 15a).

(46) FIGS. 8 and 9 show the application of the blade according to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 in the pulling operation where first the main casting 3 is inserted in the direction of the arrow 22 in the cross hole 21 according to FIG. 8, and it then negotiate the hole inlet 24. When it enters the hole inlet 24, blade 2 is displaced inside because of the spring load on blade 2 in the main casting 3. It is then placed in the main casting in a neutral position so that the blade can pass through the cross hole 21 in this position neutrally until it reaches the position shown in FIG. 9.

(47) There the blade is exposed or swiveled under the load of the spring or another energy storage mechanism radially from the main casting 3 and the deburring action starts as it is explained in detail by FIGS. 10 to 12.

(48) In the first process step, the main casting is withdrawn in the direction of arrow 15 according to FIG. 10 so that the front cutting edge 6 of the blade reaches the first chip or material contact in the form of a material cut 28 with the opening edge. The cutting edge 6 enters only in the form of a material cut 28 in the material of the workpiece 19 and, due to the slanted position of the control surface 7 with reference to the tensile direction 15, there is a force component which works in the radial direction on the blade and works against the spring which keeps the blade under the spring load in an extended position. In this position, the spring load of the spring is overcome, at least to some extent, and the blade begins to move back in the radial direction in the blade window 12 of the main casting 3 according to FIG. 11, where, simultaneously, the cutting action is continued as shown in FIG. 11.

(49) This means that when the blade 2 is pulled in the direction of the arrow 15, simultaneously a vertically aligned swiveling or shifting motion of blade 2 takes place in the blade window 12 of the main casting 3. During this time the material lifting processing takes place in the form of the material cut 28 shown in FIG. 11.

(50) It is important here that the control surface 7 does not cut and follows the cutting edge 6 as well as attaching diagonally to the material cut 28 so that the slant control surface 7 (designed as sloping in the tensile direction) displaces blade 2 in a direction to the longitudinal axis of the pulling movement (happening in vertical direction of arrow 15) in the main casting 3 and the blade cuts here.

(51) Availability of the control surface 7 is not absolutely essential. If the control surface is not applicable, a step is taken with the prerequisite that the cutting edge 6 is arranged diagonally to the tensile direction 15. This means that the control surface 7 can also become inapplicable as shown in FIG. 21 later on. However, if a control surface 7 is present here, a reliable displacement of the blade 2 takes place in the main casting 3 through the blade window 12.

(52) A reliable displacement takes place already through a slanting alignment of the cutting face 8 with respect to the cutting edge 6, where the cutting edge itself does not cut but ensures a particular displacement movement of the blade 2 in the direction perpendicular to the pull movement in the direction of arrow 15.

(53) For an exactly straight cutting face and an exactly straight cutting edge, the blade is operated in a straight cutting movement parallel to the tensile direction and the entire inner circumference of the cross hole 21 is bruised. The chip removal which is done in this manner is formed straight in an undesirable manner and it is not slanting as sought in deburring.

(54) This is prevented with the help of this invention and thus the inventive tool is a deburring tool and not a pulling tool or a broaching tool, which makes straight material cuts and does not make slanting material cuts which only affect the hole edge.

(55) Chip removal that happens in common spaces is also avoided. Such a space is made with common pull broaches that make straight material cuts. The tool however works as a deburring tool where the deburring of a hole edge is done progressively, piece by piece in direction of the circumference.

(56) Following the deburring of the cut edge, according to FIG. 11, the blade goes against the force of spring 4 in the main casting 3 and it reaches the inner circumference of the cross hole 21 in a neutral position where cutting no longer takes place.

(57) According to FIG. 12, in this neutral position the rotating indexing movement takes place around the longitudinal axis of main casting 3. This indexing movement can however also take place in any other positions, namely, always where the blade is not in the cutting contact with the hole edge.

(58) In another embodiment, it is also possible that during the cutting according to FIG. 10, i.e. in the cutting process of the opening edge, also the blade 2 is rotated in indexing motion so that, in this case, a slanting cutting is done at the edge of the hole.

(59) It should be noted that the indexing movement does not only take place in a position shown in FIG. 2, but it can also take place in the position shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 8.

(60) FIG. 10 also shows that the blade 2, with its cutting edge 6, is firstly found in the material cut 28 of the workpiece 19 of a contact point 16, where the cutting edge 6 clamps in the material of the workpiece, and then it progresses further in the form of a deburred cut or deburring 18. This is shown in the intersection of FIGS. 10 and 11.

(61) The cutting edge, which is somewhat arc-shaped continuously and/or segmented, works in the longitudinal direction and it indicates a subsequent control surface which negotiates the deburring movement in radial direction inwards in the direction of the center axis of the cut and it is restricted in the longitudinal direction.

(62) FIG. 8 shows in general that also a through-hole can be deburred as it can be noticed there that, after the deburring of the through-hole outlet edge 26, also the opposite hole of the cross hole 21 can be deburred with the edge of the hole inlet 27 in the pushing operation. For this purpose, the blade 2a is provided according to FIG. 7.

(63) FIG. 11 shows the displacement movements which take place in the direction of the arrow 17 against the spring force of spring 4 of the blade 2 in the blade window 12 of the main casting 3 in a neutral position.

(64) FIGS. 13 to 18 show the gradual processing of the hole edge of the cross hole 21 in the form of gradual successive indexing movements that take place step by step in the direction of arrow 13. As shown in FIG. 13, in case of the intersection of FIG. 13 to FIG. 14, firstly the blade 2 is rotated from its marked position to a indexing angle 29 in a new position and in this new position blade 2 is inserted in the position as shown according to FIG. 14 in the cross hole 21. FIG. 14 is only an intermediate level between FIG. 13 and FIG. 15 where it is observed that after passing through the hole according to FIG. 14, the main casting 3 is rotated again to another indexing angle and, in this rotated position of the blade, the actual deburring action takes place from FIG. 13 to FIG. 15 as shown in FIG. 16.

(65) FIGS. 16 to 18 thus show the gradual deburring action where one single shaving in the form of a material cut 28 is lifted from the edge of the hole where a shaving length of e.g. 3/10 mm is produced. Here it is assumed that the diameter of the main casting of the deburring tool is 4.8 mm and the cutting edge 6 of the blade 2 has a breadth of 1.2 mm.

(66) After the superimposed deburring cuts are done and the indexing angle 29 is superimposed and do not lie right besides each other, the clamping width is reduced accordingly with a clamping width of, for example, 0.3 mm. The size ratios given here only explain the type and form of a preferred exemplary embodiment. The specified size ratio thus does not restrict the scope of protection of the invention.

(67) The arc-shaped form of the edge 6 of the blade has turned out to be especially advantageous. Trials have shown that the entire arc of the cutting edge 6 does not cut at once. During the gradual deburring at the opening edge only a certain section on the arc shape of the cutting edge is cut and not the entire arc shape due to the non-circular form of the cut.

(68) Instead of an arc-shaped cutting edge 6 also other cutting edge forms are used e.g. oval cutting edge profile, elliptical or polygonal shapes.

(69) Therefore the invention is not restricted to an arc-shaped cutting edge.

(70) FIG. 19 shows a partially cut presentation of the intersecting cross hole and longitudinal holes 20 and 21 in a similar manner as shown in FIG. 1. From this presentation the better intersection of the holes 20 and 21 and the non-circular opening resulting from it must be taken with the beveled bore edge 1, 1a, 1b.

(71) FIG. 20 shows an embodiment modified from FIG. 3 from which it can be observed that, in case of a similar configuration and similar appearance of the deburring tool instead of a one sided blade 2, a double sided blade is used which thus has two opposing cutting edges 6.

(72) Here both halves of both blades of the opposite blades 2.2 may not necessarily be formed symmetrically. It is also not necessary for the solution, but it is preferred if the cutting edges 6 are equally formed.

(73) With such a double edged blade there is an advantage. Respectively one of the two cutting edges 6 can be meshed with the edge of hole 1 when the other cutting edge 6 is inactive.

(74) However if the deburring tool goes back, in this way the edge of the hole, which is formed differently, can be deburred by the opposing cutting edge.

(75) The double edged blade 2.2, shown in FIG. 20, can also carry out different deburring actions in the same return stroke.

(76) Of course, a double edged blade is not restricted to the return stroke in the direction of the arrow 15 (see FIG. 5) rather, such a blade can also be used at 180 degrees and it then has a double effect in the pushing operation where both cutting edges 6.6 are directed forward in the direction opposite to the arrow direction 15 marked in FIG. 5.

(77) The double edged blade 2.2 shown in FIG. 20 can be combined and used with all the embodiments and modifications of all the aforementioned and subsequently mentioned forms.

(78) FIG. 21 shows another blade 2b which is formed in the same way as the blade shown in FIG. 7. Therefore for the same parts the same reference numbers are used. However as opposed to this blade, the control surface 7 attached to the cutting edge 6 according to the figure becomes inapplicable and the cutting edge 6 thus goes directly in the neutral, non cutting slip surface 9.

(79) Only the bevel 35 of the cutting face 8 is used for exercising the displacement force in the direction of the arrow 17 (see FIG. 11) to achieve a displacement of blade 2b in the interior of the blade window 12 for the deburring action, which is shown in FIGS. 9 to 12.

(80) This bevel is joined as shown in clause 28 in FIG. 10 to the material and it slides up on it to displace the entire blade in the direction of the arrow 17 during the material cut in the cut window 12 as explained using FIG. 11.

(81) By comparing the presentation in FIG. 21 with FIG. 6, it is therefore clear that it is not absolutely necessary for the solution that a blade displacement in the direction of arrow 17 of the controlling control surface 7 joins the cutting edge 6. Instead, even bevel 35 of the cutting surface 8 can be used to achieve the same displacement action in the direction of the arrow 17 during the deburring cut according to FIGS. 10 and 11.

(82) FIG. 22 shows a completely different embodiment of a blade wherein all the features of this embodiment can also be used on the aforementioned features and modifications in all the drawings and descriptions.

(83) Characteristic of this embodiment is a deburring tool in which the cylindrical main casting 3 is completely omitted and the spring 4 in the interior of the main casting 3 according to FIG. 3 is free and it is in the form of a spring in the directions of the arrows 31, 32.

(84) This spring 4 works as the spring 4 (described in FIG. 3) as a flexible spring clamped at one side where the main casting 3 is the rear holder of spring 4 from now on and it is formed as a freely swiveling flexible spring.

(85) At the front free and swiveling end of spring 4 formed as a flexible spring, at least one blade 2 is assigned.

(86) Instead of the blade 2 shown here even the blade forms with respect to the blades 2a, 2b and 2 are used.

(87) In addition to this, FIG. 22 shows that it is possible to assign more than one blade to different distances 36 at the spring 4.

(88) The blade 2 shown there is identical to the formation of the aforementioned blade 2, however it is on a length that is different from 33, namely on the length 34, on the spring 4 and it is connected to it. Both positions 33 and 34 are thus separated from each other by the distance 36 and thus it is possible to mesh two different blades 2,2 with two holes that are in succession.

(89) As previously stated, both blades 2,2 can also be replaced by the aforementioned other blade forms with respect to blades 2a, 2b.

(90) Such an embodiment with two successive blades 2,2 can also be avoided in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. Then it is assumed here that there is another blade window in the main casting 3 behind the front blade window 12 in the distance 36. In the range of this blade window, a blade 2 is allocated which is fixed with the flexible spring 4 in the range of the length 34.

(91) Instead of a freely swiveling flexible spring 4, as shown in FIG. 22, the embodiment can also be assigned with at least two axially consecutive blades 2,2 even to a deburring tool according to FIG. 3.

(92) It is important that the tool does not rotate in an advantageous embodiment, but rather it must deburr with pulling and pushing with its frontal cutting. Here the tool is laterally rounded and rotates for every swing in the preset initial position.

(93) The deburring process can look as follows. The tool appears in the workpiece and it is spring-loaded retracted in the main casting. After the workpiece hole is passed through, the blade retracts again in the preset initial position and it is ready for the deburring process. For every pull and push process the workpiece edge is deburred. With the continuous push and pull movement the tool can be deburred to any desired angle. It is crucial that here a rotating deburring does not take place. On the other hand, a deburring in the longitudinal axis must take place. In this manner, any contours can be reconstructed with the entire tool which can be advantageously deburred through the push and pull movement.

(94) The following process steps are particularly beneficial: 1. The spring-loaded extended blade meets the opening edge and begins the cutting-deburring. 2. The connected control surface causes the blade to retract, defines the form of deburring and limits the deburring movement to the longitudinal direction. 3. After successful deburring the blade goes along the neutral slip surface through the opening.

DRAWING LEGENDS

(95) 1 Bore rim 1a Bore upper edge 1b Bore lower edge 2 Blade 2a Blade 2b Blade 2 Blade 3 Main casting 4 Spring 5 Clamping screw 6 Cutting edge 6a Cutting edge 7 Control surface 8 Tool face 8a Tool face 9 Rubbing surface 10 Lead-in surface 11 Blade groove 11 Blade groove 12 Blade window 13 Direction of arrow (Index movement) 14 Direction of arrow 15 Direction of arrow 15a Direction of arrow 16 Contact point 17 Direction of arrow 18 Deburring 19 Workpiece 20 Longitudinal bore 21 Transverse bore 22 Direction of arrow 23 Bore outlet 24 Bore inlet 25 Flute 26 Bore outlet edge 27 Bore inlet edge (through hole) 28 Material section 29 Indexing angle 30 Neutral surface 31 Direction of arrow 32 Direction of arrow 33 Length 34 Length 35 Incline 36 Distance