METHOD FOR SAMPLING AN ULTRA WIDE BAND SIGNAL

Abstract

A method for sampling an Ultra Wide Band signal comprising a step of prearranging a GPR antenna comprising at least one transmitter and one receiver, a variable-gain amplifier, or VGA, a A/D converter and a control unit. The method then comprises the steps of transmitting and receiving a primary Ultra Wide Band signal by the GPR antenna and sampling values of the primary signal relative to a first full-scale portion by the A/D converter. The method also comprises the steps of transmitting and receiving at least one secondary Ultra Wide Band signal by the GPR antenna, amplifying said or each secondary signal by the variable-gain amplifier, and sampling values of said or each secondary signal relative to full-scale portions different from the first portion by the A/D converter.

Claims

1. A method for sampling an Ultra Wide Band signal comprising the steps of: prearranging: a GPR antenna comprising at least one transmitter and one receiver; a variable-gain amplifier, or VGA; a A/D converter; a control unit; transmitting and receiving a primary Ultra Wide Band signal by said GPR antenna; sampling values of said primary signal relative to a first full-scale portion by said A/D converter; said method characterized in that it also comprises the steps of: transmitting and receiving at least one secondary Ultra Wide Band signal by said GPR antenna; amplifying said or each secondary signal by said variable-gain amplifier; sampling values of said or each secondary signal relative to full-scale portions different from said first full-scale portion by said A/D converter.

2. The method for sampling an Ultra Wide Band signal, according to claim 1, wherein an iteration of said steps of transmitting and receiving a primary signal and at least one secondary signal is provided and wherein a step is also provided of superposing and mediating said received signals for reducing the noise.

3. The method for sampling an Ultra Wide Band signal, according to claim 1, wherein at least two steps of sampling values of said primary signal and at least two steps of sampling values of said or each secondary signal are provided.

4. The method for sampling an Ultra Wide Band signal, according to claim 1, wherein said GPR antenna comprises n≥2 transmitters and m≥2 receivers.

5. The method for sampling an Ultra Wide Band signal, according to claim 4, wherein the steps are provided of: transmitting and receiving a primary Ultra Wide Band signal by a first couple of transmitter/receiver at a time t.sub.1; sampling values of said primary signal relative to a first full-scale portion by said A/D converter; transmitting and receiving an auxiliary primary Ultra Wide Band signal by at least one second couple of transmitter/receiver at a time t.sub.2<PRI=1/PRF, where PRI represents the “Pulse Repetition Interval”, i.e. the time between a transmission and the successive, and PRF=1/PRI represents the “Pulse Repetition Frequency”, i.e. the repetition frequency of the transmission; sampling values of said auxiliary primary signal relative to a first full-scale portion by said A/D converter; transmitting and receiving at least one secondary Ultra Wide Band signal by said first couple of transmitter/receiver at a time t.sub.3=t.sub.1+PRI; amplifying said or each secondary signal by said variable-gain amplifier; sampling values of said or each secondary signal relative to full-scale portions different from said first full-scale portion from said A/D converter; transmitting and receiving at least one auxiliary secondary Ultra Wide Band signal by said second couple of transmitter/receiver at a time t.sub.4=t.sub.2+PRI; amplifying said or each auxiliary secondary signal by said variable-gain amplifier; sampling values of said or each auxiliary secondary signal relative to full-scale portions different from said first full-scale portion from said A/D converter.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Further characteristic and/or advantages of the present invention are more bright with the following description of an exemplary embodiment thereof, exemplifying but not limitative, with reference to the attached drawings in which:

[0033] FIG. 1 shows, in a flow diagram, the subsequent steps of the method for sampling an Ultra Wide Band signal, according to the present invention;

[0034] FIG. 2 shows the various types of sampling a signal present in prior art;

[0035] FIG. 3 shows the step of sampling values relative to a first full-scale portion;

[0036] FIG. 4 shows the step of sampling values relative to a second full-scale portion;

[0037] FIGS. 5A and 5B schematically show the operating principle of a first embodiment of the method for sampling an Ultra Wide Band signal, in which a transmitter and a receiver are used;

[0038] FIGS. 6A and 6B schematically show the operating principle of a second embodiment of the method for sampling an Ultra Wide Band signal, in which two transmitters and two receivers are used for the transmission/reception of two primary signals and two secondary signals;

[0039] FIGS. 7A and 7B schematically show the operating principle of a third embodiment of the method for sampling an Ultra Wide Band signal, in which two transmitters and three receivers are used.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT

[0040] With reference to FIG. 1, a method for sampling an Ultra Wide Band signal comprises a first step of prearranging an apparatus comprising a GPR antenna, a variable-gain amplifier or VGA, a A/D converter and a control unit [301].

[0041] With reference also to FIGS. 3, 5A and 5B, then follow the steps of transmitting and receiving a primary Ultra Wide Band signal by the GPR antenna [302] and of sampling of values of the primary signal relative to a first full-scale portion by the A/D converter [303]. In such steps the VGA is therefore deactivated, as schematically shown in FIGS. 3 and 5A.

[0042] With reference also to FIG. 4, the VGA is then activated and the method provides the steps of transmitting and receiving at least one secondary Ultra Wide Band signal by the GPR antenna [304], amplifying the secondary signal by the VGA [305] and sampling of values of the secondary signal relative to a second full-scale portion, different from the first portion, by the A/D converter [306].

[0043] Depending on the dynamic range of the signal, and on the sampling requirements, the steps [304], [305] and [306] can then be repeated again with more than one secondary signal, dividing the full-scale of the signal into respective portions.

[0044] The method, according to the present invention, then provides the division of the full-scale of the signal into two or more portions, in order to sample the first portion without amplification and then proceed with the amplification and the sampling of the subsequent portions.

[0045] This allows the sampling of UWB signals in very short times with respect to the methods of the prior art while preserving a high dynamic range. In particular, the time required for the above method is proportional to the number of transmissions/receptions of the signal and, therefore, to the number of portions into which the full-scale of the signal is to be divided.

[0046] Furthermore, the method according to the present invention provides the possibility of repeating the steps of transmitting and receiving of both the primary signal and each secondary signal, with subsequent average of the signals, so as to be able to implement the “stacking” technique to further increase the dynamic range.

[0047] In particular, at least two sampling steps of the values of the primary signal and at least two sampling steps of the values of each secondary signal can be provided, to implement the “pseudo-stroboscopic” mode.

[0048] Furthermore, the method according to the present invention can provide prearranging a GPR antenna comprising n≥2 transmitters and m≥2 receivers, in order to allow a superimposed transmission/reception of signals by the transmitter/receiver couples.

[0049] In particular, in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 6A and 6B, the method provides prearranging a GPR antenna comprising 2 transmitters and 2 receivers, used for the transmission/reception and the sampling of two primary and two secondary signals, subsequently superimposed to implement the stacking technique.

[0050] In particular, at a time t.sub.1 there is a step of transmitting and receiving a primary signal from a first couple of transmitter/receiver, with following sampling of values of the primary signal, and at a time t.sub.2<PRI=1/PRF there is a step of transmitting and receiving an auxiliary primary signal by a second couple of transmitter/receiver, with following sampling of values of the auxiliary primary signal.

[0051] At a time t.sub.3=t.sub.1+PRI there is then the step of transmitting and receiving a secondary signal by the first couple of transmitter/receiver, with consequent amplification and sampling of values, and at a time t.sub.4=t.sub.2+PRI there is the step of transmitting and receiving an auxiliary secondary signal by the second couple of transmitter/receiver, with consequent amplification and sampling of values.

[0052] This way, it is possible to repeat the sampling steps of the primary and secondary signal, thus obtaining a number of overlapping signals to obtain a more accurate sampling, exploiting the PRI delay between the transmission/reception of two signals made by a transmitter/receiver couple. Typically, in fact, the time between one pulse and the next (PRI) is several orders of magnitude greater than the maximum delay identifiable by the radar (full-scale). For this reason it is possible to transmit and receive with multiple channels, placing them temporally separated.

[0053] With reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B, a further possibility is to have a number of receivers higher than the number of transmitters (m>n) and simultaneously acquire the signal generated by a single transmitter by means of multiple receiving elements.

[0054] This is possible by using a common time reference for each transmitter or receiver element that makes up the system, and by setting an individual programmable delay for receiving the same signal between two or more different receivers.