Straight Fin Tube with Bended Fins Condensing Heat Exchanger

Abstract

A forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat includes a shell, burner and fin tubes bundle. The burner is at the top of the shell, circular fin tubes bundle installed around the burner tightly, circularly and coaxially. The flue channel which is formed by the shell and a row of fin tubes bundle is below the burner. The flue flows along the flue channel to flue outlet. There are front and rear water manifolds at the two ends of the fin tubes. Water baffles inside the rear water manifold divide the rear water manifold into water inlet and outlet areas. The water enters the small portion of circular fin tubes bundle from water inlet area, through the front water manifold, back to the water outlet area via the main portion of the circular fin tubes bundle. The use of bent fin tube to improves efficiency.

Claims

1. A forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat, comprising: a shell; a burner disposed at an upper portion of the shell, the burner being fluidly connected to an air/gas inlet; a plurality of fin tubes disposed in the shell, each of the plurality of fin tubes includes a multitude of fins disposed along a tube, each of the multitude of fins having two opposing edge portions bent at 90 relative to a body portion of the respective fin, the bent portions being aligned to generate two bending lines, the fin tubes being arranged tightly with the respective bending lines of adjacent fin tubes butting against one another and the plurality of fin tubes being disposed coaxially about the burner; a water inlet disposed outside the shell; a water outlet disposed outside the shell; a flue outlet disposed outside the shell; a flue channel defined by the shell and a row of fin tubes below the burner, wherein combustion flue gasses flow from the flue channel to a flue outlet; a front water manifold disposed at a first end of the plurality of fin tubes; a rear water manifold at a second end of the plurality of fin tubes; and a plurality of water baffles disposed inside the rear water manifold, the plurality of water baffles being configured to divide the manifold into a water inlet area and a water outlet area, wherein a flow of water enters a first portion of the plurality of fin tubes through the water inlet area, then the flow of water flows through the front water manifold, and then the flow of water flows to the water outlet area on the rear water manifold through a second portion of the plurality of fin tubes.

2. The forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the first portion of the plurality of fin tubes is relatively less numerous than the second portion of the plurality of fin tubes.

3. The forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the water baffles inside the rear water manifold divide the rear water manifold into a water inlet area and a water outlet area, the plurality of fin tubes have the same diameter with the row of fin tubes above the flue channel, a first quantity of the plurality of fin tubes connected to the water inlet area roughly equals to a second quantity of the plurality of fin tubes connected to the water outlet area, if the plurality of fin tubes have a different diameter with the row of fin tubes above the flue channel, a sum of the cross section area of the first quantity of the plurality of fin tubes connected to the water inlet area is roughly equals to the sum of the cross section area of the second quantity of the plurality of fin tubes connected to the water outlet area.

4. The forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the fins are bent to be parallel with the tube axis by bending or squeezing and all the fin tubes are in contact with adjacent ones of the fin tubes.

5. The forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger according to claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of outer flue baffles disposed outside the circular fin tubes around the burner.

6. The forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger according to claim 5, wherein the outer flue baffle include a V type cross section with a radiused portion configured to mate with ones of the fins of the fin tubes and wherein the interfaces of the fin tubes disposed in a circle are staggered with the openings between the flue baffles.

7. The forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger according to claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of lower flue baffles disposed under the row of fin tubes which are located above the flue channel and below the burner, wherein the lower flue baffles include a V type cross section with a radiused portion configured to mate with ones of the fins of the fin tubes and wherein the interface of the fin tubes in the row are staggered with the openings between the flue baffles.

8. The forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger according to claim 1, further comprising: an air pre-heater disposed inside the flue channel, wherein the air pre-heater is located inside and along the flue channel and connected with an air inlet, the flue exhaust being a 4-way connector, wherein the flue exhaust is disposed on a top portion of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger; and a condensate outlet disposed at a bottom portion of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger and the air inlet being disposed in a middle portion of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger.

9. The forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger according to claim 8, wherein the air pre-heater disposed inside the flue channel includes one or more cuboidal or cylindrical air inlet tubes.

10. A forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger comprising: a shell; a burner disposed at a lower portion of the shell, the burner being fluidly connected to an air/gas inlet; a plurality of fin tubes disposed in the shell, each of the plurality of fin tubes includes a multitude of fins disposed along a tube, each of the multitude of fins having two opposing edge portions bent at 90 relative to a body portion of the respective fin, the bent portions being aligned to generate two bending lines, the fin tubes being arranged tightly with the respective bending lines of adjacent fin tubes butting against one another and the plurality of fin tubes being disposed coaxially about the burner; a water inlet disposed outside the shell; a water outlet disposed outside the shell; a flue outlet disposed outside the shell; a flue channel defined by the shell and a row of fin tubes below the burner, wherein combustion flue gasses flow from the flue channel to a flue outlet; a front water manifold disposed at a first end of the fin tubes; a rear water manifold at a second end of the fin tubes; and a plurality of water baffles disposed inside the rear water manifold, the plurality of water baffles being configured to divide the manifold into a water inlet area and a water outlet area, wherein a flow of water enters a first portion of the plurality of fin tubes through the water inlet area, then the flow of water flows through the front water manifold, and then the flow of water flows to the water outlet area on the rear water manifold through a second portion of the plurality of fin tubes.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] FIG. 1 is a right side view of a forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat according to an embodiment.

[0029] FIG. 2 is a front view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat according to an embodiment.

[0030] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat according to an embodiment.

[0031] FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat according to an embodiment.

[0032] FIG. 5 is an operation (flow path) view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat according to an embodiment.

[0033] FIG. 6 is a right side sectional view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger with an air pre-heater according to an embodiment.

[0034] FIG. 7 is a detailed view A of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat according to an embodiment.

[0035] FIG. 8 is a detailed view B of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat according to an embodiment.

[0036] FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger with the burner located at the bottom according to another embodiment.

[0037] FIG. 10 is an operation (flow path) view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger with the burner located at the bottom according to the embodiment of FIG. 9.

[0038] FIG. 11 is a front body view of the fin tube with bent fins for the circular fin tubes bundle according to an embodiment.

[0039] FIG. 12 is a left view of the fin tube with bent fins for the circular fin tube bundle according to an embodiment.

[0040] FIG. 13 is a front body view of the fin tube with bent fins for the row of fin tubes bundle according to an embodiment.

[0041] FIG. 14 is a left view of the fin tube with bent fins for the row of fin tubes bundle according to an embodiment.

[0042] FIG. 15 is a right view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat with an air pre-heater having two tubes according to the embodiment of FIG. 9.

[0043] FIG. 16 is a right view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat with an air pre-heater having three tubes or several tubes according to yet another embodiment.

[0044] FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger from FIG. 8.

[0045] FIG. 18 is a detailed cross sectional view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger from FIG. 17.

[0046] FIG. 19 is an alternative detailed cross sectional view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger from FIG. 17.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for an improved heat exchanger that is configured to provide greater efficiency. In some embodiments, the integral structure layout is able to increase the heat exchanger efficiency. In some aspects the heat exchanger has a counter flow design with two-stage heat exchanger. The burner is on the top and the flue outlet on the bottom. After burning, the combustion flue gas flows through the group of fin tubes around the burner and flue baffles located outside these tubes first, then it flows through the row of fin tubes above the flue channel and the flue baffles under these tubes. And then the flue gas flows out from the flue outlet along the flue channel and counter flow with inlet air. The water inlet is close to the flue outlet at the bottom, and the water outlet is on the top of the heat exchanger. The water flows through inlet, fin tubes, and the cavities connected to the upper and lower fin tube bundles at both ends, such as front and rear water manifolds, and then out from the outlet. The boiler water supply temperature is higher than exhaust flue temperature by applying this type of count flow structure. In this way, the heat transfer efficiency and the amount of heat are both able to be increased.

[0048] In some aspects, the water baffles inside the rear water manifold divide the rear water manifold into water inlet area and outlet area. The water enters the small portion of circular fin tubes bundle coaxed with burner and the row of fin tubes bundle above the flue channel through water inlet area. These tubes are called the secondary or condensing heat exchanger. The water arrives at the front manifold, and then returns to the water outlet area on the rear water manifold through the main portion of circular fin tubes bundle, called the first or primary heat exchanger. In such way, all fin tubes are the same. It is an advantage of some embodiments described herein that the same key components may be used to build heat exchangers in mass production, decreasing the production difficulty and saving the production cost. Meanwhile, examples described herein decrease the flame temperature by controlling the distance between the flame and the surface of the heat exchanger, which in turn reduce nitric oxide (NOx) levels to below 30 parts per million (PPM).

[0049] The fin tubes with the bent fins, fabricated in an additional process are able to increase the heat exchange efficiency significantly in some aspects. The fin tube is as the basic element in the forced convection condensing heat exchanger. The heat transfer surface at flue side is increased by adding the fins on the external of the heat exchanger tube. The enhanced heat transfer at flue side increases the heat exchange efficiency, and makes the whole heat exchanger smaller. By the additional manufacturing process on the fins, for example bending, squeezing or cutting, the distance between tubes could be made smaller. Therefore, this makes flue gas have more contact with tubes, adds gas flue turbulences, increase heat transfer and heat exchanger efficiency, which in turn allows the heat exchanger to be made smaller for a given heat exchange capacity.

[0050] There are flue baffles outside the circular fin tubes bundle around the burner and flue baffles under the row of fin tubes bundle. It is good to eliminate the dead zone on the flue path and improve the flue distribution on the shell side. In some aspects, the flue baffles force the flue gas flow along the fins and cross bare tubes very closely, therefore, it enhance the heat transfer, and improve flue flow distribution at the shell side. The dead zone and short circuit at the flue flow path is decreased very much.

[0051] Another additional device is the air pre-heater provided in some examples. This air pre-heater can also increase the efficiency. In some aspects, the air pre-heater is integrated inside the flue channel of the heat exchanger. When the outdoor temperature is below 20 C. in the winter, the waste heat in the flue warms the coming air. Meanwhile, it decreases the exhaust flue temperature further, and the efficiency of the boiler could reach 98% or more.

[0052] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be further described with reference to the drawing figures, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout. It should be understood, however, that these figures are used to demonstrate and explain the invention, but not to set the limitation to the invention.

[0053] As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 16, the invention includes: Front water manifold 1; front shell 2; shell 3; circular fin tubes bundle 4, flue baffles outside circular fin bundle 5, burner 6, flue baffles under a row of fin tubes bundle 7, a row of fin tubes bundle 8, rear water manifold 9, rear shell 10, air pre-heater 11, flue exhaust 12, water outlet 13, water inlet 14, flue channel 15, condensing water outlet 16, air inlet 17, water baffles 18.

[0054] Refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3; the invention describes one case of a forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, a forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat includes shell 3, burner 6, circular fin tubes bundle 4 and a row of fin tubes bundle 8. There is an elliptic shell 3 which is welded with two pieces of U type plates. The front shell 2 and rear shell 10 are welded to the elliptic shell. Two pieces of insulation plates are installed inside the front shell 2 and rear shell 10.

[0055] As shown in the figures, there is the front water manifold 1 outside the front shell 2 and there is the rear water manifold 9 outside the rear shell 10. There is a water outlet 13 and a water inlet 14 on the rear water manifold 9. And there is also a flue exhaust 12 on the shell 3. The flues exhaust 12 is a 4-way connector. It is the flue exhaust 12 on the top, condensate outlet 16 on the bottom, and the air inlet 17 of the air pre-heater 11 in the middle.

[0056] FIG. 4 is the cross section view of an embodiment, which is a forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat. In this case, the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat includes shell 3, burner 6 located inside the shell 3 and many fin tubes. There are water inlet 14 and outlet 13 located on the rear water manifold 9, and flue exhaust 12 on the shell 3. The burner 6 is connected to the air and gas inlet mixer. The burner 6 is inside the shell 3 and positioned on the top. A set of circular fin tubes bundle 4 is around the burner 6 coaxially, and these tubes are tight close next to each other. Both ends of the circular fin tubes bundle 4 and a row of fin tubes bundle 8 are welded to the front shell 2 and rear shell 10, as well as welded to the front water manifold 1 and rear water manifold 9. There is a group of outer flue baffle 5 outside the circular fin tubes bundle 4 which is around the burner 6. The flue channel 15 is formed by the shell 3 and a row of fin tubes bundle 8, and located below of the burner 6. The flue goes out from the flue exhaust 12 through the flue channel 15. There is a group of under flue baffles 7 located under the row of fin tubes bundle 8 inside in the flue channel 15.

[0057] At the two ends of the fin tubes bundle, there are front water manifold 1 and rear water manifold 9. In the rear water manifold 9, there are water baffles 18, which divides the rear water manifold 9 into two parts, water inlet area and outlet area.

[0058] If the circular distributed fin tubes have the same diameter with the row of fin tubes which forms the flue channel 15, the quantity of the fin tubes connected to the water inlet area is roughly same as the quantity connected to the outlet area.

[0059] If the circular distributed fin tubes have the different diameter with the row of fin tubes which forms the flue channel 15, then the sum of the cross section area of the fin tubes connected to the water inlet area roughly equals to the sum of the cross section area of the fin tubes connected to the water outlet area.

[0060] There are one or several cuboids' or cylindrical air pre-heater tubes 11 inside the flue channel 15. The air pre-heater 11 connects air inlet after going through the flue channel 15. The flue exhaust 12 is a 4-way connector. The flue exhaust 12 is on the top, condensate outlet 16 is at the bottom, and the air inlet 17 is located in the middle of the 4-way connector 12.

[0061] As shown in FIG. 5, it demonstrates the operation principle of an embodiment, a forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat. We can learn the following items from this figure very clearly: the circular fin tubes bundle 4 is above the row of fin tubes bundle 8, and they are in parallel; the burner 6, which connects the air and gas inlet, is installed inside the circular fin tubes bundle 4 coaxially; under the circular fin tubes bundle 4, the flue channel 15 is formed by the shell 3 and the row of fin tubes bundle 8.

[0062] Two stage heat exchanging method is applied in an embodiment. The heat exchanger uses the counter flow structure. The high temperature flue flows downstream through fin tubes bundle 4 and a row fin tubes bundle 8. However, the water flow is opposite to the direction of the flue. It goes through the row of fin tubes bundle 8 firstly, and then the circular fin tubes bundle 4. The air pre-heater 11 is located in the flue channel 15. The air gains the heat from the flue further. Therefore, the temperature of the air, which enters the combustion chamber, is increased; and at the same time, the flue temperature can be further reduced.

[0063] In this case, the water flows through water inlet 14, front water manifold 1, fin tubes, rear water manifold 9 and water outlet 13, and heated up through this circuit.

[0064] The water enters a small portion of the circular fin tubes bundle 4 and the row of fin tubes bundle 8 through the water inlet area, and arrives at the front water manifold 1. Then the water flows to the water outlet area in the rear water manifold 9 through the main portion of the circular fin tubes bundle 4. The same fin tubes can be used by installing water baffle in the rear water manifold and utilizing a portion of circular fin tubes bundle. Therefore, the number of different parts is reduced. Of course, it is okay not to utilize the small portion of the circular fin tubes bundle. But, it may cause the negative impact to the size of the whole heat exchanger, the diameter of the fin tubes, the structure of the fin tubes bundles, the efficiency, and so on.

[0065] As shown in FIG. 6, it is the right view to demonstrate the operation principle of an embodiment, a forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat. In this case, the flue channel 15 is formed by the lower part of the shell 3 and the row of fin tubes bundle 8. A cuboid air pre-heater tube is set inside. The water inlet tubes (first stage) include small portion of the circular fin tubes bundle 4 and the entire row of fin tubes bundle 8. The water outlet tubes (second stage) include the main portion of the circular fin tubes bundle 4. If the circular fin tubes have the same diameter with the row of fin tubes which forms the flue channel 15, the quantity of the fin tubes for the water inflow is same as the quantity of the fin tubes for the water outflow.

[0066] FIGS. 7 and 8 are detailed views A and B of an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the outer flue baffles 5 are installed outside the circular fin tubes bundle 4 by spot welding. The outer flue baffles 5, which perfectly fit with the outside shape of the circular fin tubes bundle, is a long striped V type plate with radian cross section. The interfaces between fin tubes are staggered with the gaps of the outer flue baffles 5.

[0067] As shown in FIG. 8, there are under flue baffles 7 located at the bottom of the row of fin tubes bundle which forms the flue channel 15. The under flue baffles 7, which cross section is V type with radian, fit perfectly with the fin tubes. The interfaces between the fin tubes are staggered with the gaps of the under flue baffles 7.

[0068] The outer flue baffles 5 and under flue baffles 7 both guide the flue flow directions.

[0069] FIGS. 9 and 10 are views of another embodiment which is the sectional view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat with the burner 6 located at the lower position. In this case, the burner 6 is at the lower part of the shell 3. A set of circular fin tubes bundles 4 installed around the burner 6 tightly and coaxially. The flue channel 15 which is formed by the shell 3 and a row of fin tubes bundle 8 located above the burner 6. The flue flows along the flue channel 15 to flue outlet 12. There are front water manifold 1 and rear water manifold 9 at both ends of the fin tubes. There are water baffles 18 inside the rear water manifold 9. The water baffles 18 divide the rear water manifold 9 into water inlet area and outlet area. The water enters the small portion of the circular fin tubes bundles and the entire row of fin tubes bundle above the flue channel through water inlet area, and arrives at the front water manifold 1. Then the water flows back to the water outlet area at the rear water manifold 9 through the main portion of the circular fin tubes bundle.

[0070] The high temperature flue flows upstream and passes through the circular fin tubes bundle 4, and the row of fin tubes bundle 8. The air pre-heater 11 located inside the flue channel 15 exchange heat with the flue.

[0071] FIG. 11 is the main view of the treated fin tube for the circular fin tubes bundle in an embodiment. FIG. 12 is the side view of the treated fin tube. In an embodiment, the fins are bent or squeezed with 90 degree along with the tube axially, and two bending lines also form some angle. The direction and angle of bent fins can be adjusted appropriately according to the request of the fin tubes arrangement. Referring to FIG. 6, the treated fin tubes are arranged to form a circular fin tube bundle 4. According to the specific production requirements, the manufacturing process of bending or squeezing fins can be selected to reduce the distance between the tubes next to each other.

[0072] FIG. 13 is the main view of the treated fin tube for the row of fin tubes bundle. FIG. 14 is the side view of the treated fin tube. In an embodiment, the fins are bent or squeezed with 90 degree along with the tube axially, and two bending lines are in parallel. As shown in FIG. 6, the treated fin tubes are arranged to form a row of fin tubes bundle 8.

[0073] FIG. 15 is the right side view of yet another embodiment, which is a forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat with two air pre-heater tubes. In this case: the burner 6 is at the top of the shell 3, a set of circular fin tubes bundle 4 installed around the burner 6 tightly, circularly and coaxially. The flue channel 15 which is formed by the shell 3 and a row of fin tubes bundle 8 is below the burner 6. The flue flows along the flue channel 15 to flue outlet 12. In the mentioned flue channel 15, there are two cuboid air pre-heater tubes 11. The air pre-heater connects the air inlet device after going through flue channel 15. There are front water manifold 1 and rear water manifold 9 at the two ends of the fin tubes. There is water baffle 18 inside the rear water manifold 9, and it 18 divides the rear water manifold 9 into water inlet area and outlet area. The water enters the small portion of the circular fin tubes bundle 4 and the entire row of fin tubes bundle 8 from water inlet area, and arrives at the front water manifold 1. Then the water flows back to the water outlet area at the rear water manifold 9 through the main portion of the circular fin tube bundle.

[0074] FIG. 16 is the right side view of yet another embodiment, which is a forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat with three air pre-heater tubes. In this case: the burner 6 is at the top of the shell 3, a set of circular fin tubes bundle 4 installed around the burner 6 tightly, circularly and coaxially. The flue channel 15 which is formed by the shell 3 and a row of fin tubes bundle 8 is below the burner 6. The flue flows along the flue channel 15 to flue outlet 12. In the mentioned flue channel 15, there are three cuboid air pre-heater tubes 11. The air pre-heater connects the air inlet device after going through flue channel 15.

[0075] In conclusion, the purpose of some embodiments is to increase the heat transfer area and improve the structure of the heat transfer surface, therefore to increase heat exchange efficiency. The heat exchanger uses the bent fin tube as the basic element of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger for supplying heat. It enhances the heat exchange on the flue side and makes the whole heat exchanger smaller.

[0076] The flow of the flue is guided very close to the fins and tubes with the application of the outer flue baffles 5 and the under flue baffle 7. They improve shell side flue passes and velocity distribution, therefore enhance heat exchange. The dead zone and short circuit of the flue flow can be reduced very much. The air pre-heater 11 is integrated into the heat exchanger very clever. The wasted heat of the flue could warm the entered cold air, and at the same time the flue is cold down further. When the outdoor temperature is below 20 C. in winter, the efficiency could reach 98% or above.

[0077] Some key components are designed to be the same to minimize the number of parts in an embodiment. This will help the mass production, improve the manufacturing process and save the cost.

[0078] It shall point out that the demonstration cases above are only for explaining the technical schemes of the invention, not for limiting them. Although the detailed explanations are listed with only optimum cases in the invention, the technical persons in this field shall know that the technical scheme can be modified and replaced, but it does not separate from the spirit of the various embodiments described herein, and shall be included in the scope of the claims.

[0079] FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger from FIG. 8 showing the row of fin tubes bundle 8. As shown in FIG. 17, the fin tubes bundle 8 includes a plurality of tubes 20. Each tube 20 includes an inside 22 to convey a flow of fluid, as indicated by the arrows. In addition, each of the tubes 20 includes side walls 24 that define the inside 22 and are configured to support a series of fins 26. In some embodiments, the fins 26 may be circular donut-shaped disks with an interior opening configured to accept the tube 20. Preferentially, the fins 26 are spiral wound about the tube 20 and affixed to the outside of the tube by welding, for example. Of note, each fin 26 is bent to form a bearing surface. The bend of the fins 26 may be on opposite sides of the tube 20 as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. In this manner, the bearing surfaces may be pressed against one another at a bearing interface 30 and a series of such tubes 20 with respective bearing surfaces that bear one upon the next may form a planar array as in the row of fin tube bundle 8 shown FIGS. 8 and 17. Alternatively, the bend of the fins 26 may be disposed across the tube 20 from one another at an angle other than 180 as shown in FIGS. 6, 7, 11 and 12. In this manner, the bearing surfaces may be pressed against one another at a bearing interface 30 and a series of such tubes 20 with respective bearing surfaces that bear one upon the next may form a cylindrical array as in the flue baffles outside circular fin bundle 5 shown FIGS. 6 and 7.

[0080] To form the bent fins 26, the tube 20 may be drawn through a form, pressed between planar surfaces or rollers. It is an advantage of forming the bent fins 26 that the resulting bearing surfaces facilitate maintaining the row of fin tubes bundle 8 in a planar formation as well as maintaining the flue baffles outside circular fin bundle 5 in a cylindrical formation. It is another advantage of forming the bent fins 26 that the bear surfaces greatly strengthen the individual fins 26 relative to unbent fins.

[0081] FIG. 18 is a detailed cross sectional view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger from FIG. 17. As shown in FIG. 18, the fins 26 include an axial portion 40 extending at 90 from the side wall 24. The fins 26 also include a bearing portion 42 that is perpendicular or 90 from the axial portion 40 and parallel relative to the side wall 24.

[0082] FIG. 19 is an alternative detailed cross sectional view of the forced convection fin tube condensing heat exchanger from FIG. 17. As shown in FIG. 19, the fins 26 are bent at less than 90 and the bent portions overlap adjacent bent portions. This overlapping or scale-like arrangement may further facilitate strengthening the fins 26. In addition, the overlapping ends of the fins 26 may generate a texture that provides a gripping interaction at the bearing interface 30 and further stabilizes array of tubes 20.

[0083] The many features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and variations will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.