PURCHASE INCLUDING PUSH TRANSMISSION FROM PURCHASER TO FUTURE PURCHASER

Abstract

A system and method are provided for encouraging online shoppers to share online purchase transactions. Included are online advertisements or offers at the point of checkout. These offers indicate an incentive for sharing information about the online purchase on one or more social network platforms of the online shopper. The system may also include a pre-made or subsequently created video component featuring the product or a statement or opinion about the product. When the online shopper indicates a willingness to share in order to receive the incentive the video component featuring the product or a link thereto is displayed on the online shopper's social network platform as a posting in a newsfeed, on a profile page, or as a status update for the social network connections of the online shopper to see. The social network connections can then purchase, share, redeem and offer incentives as well.

Claims

1. An online purchase system in which a first purchaser may, in during an online purchase of a product from a first seller, the online purchase being made on a purchase enabled device which is a software device, push a message onto a social media platform where it may be viewed by a second purchaser, the online purchase system comprising: a first in-purchase advertisement from such first seller, the first in-purchase advertisement including an offer to such first purchaser to make a push transmission to such second purchaser via such social media platform; a first in-purchase advertisement insertion module operative to insert the first in-purchase advertisement into such purchase automatically; the first in-purchase advertisement insertion module operating automatically and without prior preparation on the part of such first purchaser; a social advertisement selection module operative to offer to such first purchaser a plurality of social advertisements of such product from amongst which such first purchaser may select a second social advertisement; the second social advertisement having a format suitable for posting onto such social media platform; a second social advertisement insertion module operative to insert the second social advertisement onto such social media platform, whereby such second purchaser may receive it; the first in-purchase advertisement insertion module and the second social advertisement insertion module entirely operative during and after such purchase; such purchase enabled device operative to complete such transaction, including accepting payment.

2. The online purchase system of claim 1, wherein such purchase enabled device further comprises: an online shopping cart.

3. The online purchase system of claim 1, wherein the insertion of the second social advertisement onto such social media platform further comprises one member selected from the group consisting of: posting the second social advertisement in a newsfeed, posting the second social advertisement in a profile webpage, posting the second social advertisement as a status update, and other forms of social network posting now known or later devised, and combinations thereof, but excluding from this group posting an indicia of liking such product.

4. The online purchase system of claim 3, wherein the first in-purchase advertisement, second social advertisement, first in-purchase advertisement insertion module, second social advertisement insertion module, and such purchase enabled device are stored as programming in a non-volatile memory of a central processing unit.

5. The online purchasing system of claim 4, wherein such purchase enabled device is further operative to activate a shipping module, the shipping module operative to initiate a shipping process of such product to such first purchaser.

6. The online purchasing system of claim 5, wherein such purchase enabled device further comprises: a purchase enabled video player operative to carry out such purchase, including at least the steps of: receiving from such first purchaser a notification of intention to buy such product, a step of automatically and without prior preparation on the part of such first purchaser inserting the first in-purchase advertisement into such purchase automatically, inserting the second social advertisement onto such social media platform.

7. The online purchasing system of claim 6, wherein the first in-purchase advertisement further comprises: a first video, formatted to be played by the purchase enabled video player.

8. The online purchasing system of claim 7, wherein the second social advertisement further comprises: a second video, formatted to be played after posting onto such social media platform.

9. The online purchasing system of claim 8, wherein the incentive to the second purchaser is a function of a number of social platform connections of such first purchaser.

10. The online purchasing system of claim 8, wherein the incentive to the second purchaser is a function of a number of social platforms to which such first purchaser posts the second social advertisement.

11. The online purchasing system of claim 10, wherein the plurality of social advertisements of such product from amongst which such first purchaser may select a second social advertisement are pre-recorded and formatted for immediate posting to such social platform by such first purchaser.

12. The online purchasing system of claim 10, wherein the second social advertisement is created by such first purchaser.

13. The online purchasing system of claim 12, wherein the second social advertisement further comprises: an embedded link operative to register a click from such second purchaser and in response activate such purchase enabled device, whereby such second user is enabled to purchase such product without activation of any software device other than such purchase enabled device.

14. An online purchase method in which a first purchaser may, in during an online purchase from a seller, the purchase made on a purchase enabled device, push a message onto a social media platform where it may be viewed by a second purchaser, the online purchase method comprising the steps of: 1) allowing such first purchaser to initiate such online purchase within such purchase enabled device; 2) during such online purchase, automatically display to such user a first in-purchase advertisement having an opportunity for making a second social advertisement to such second purchaser, the second social advertisement to be made via such social media platform, the first in-purchase advertisement inserted automatically into such online purchase without prior preparation by such first purchaser; 3) offering to such first purchaser a plurality of social advertisements of such product, from amongst which such first purchaser may select the second social advertisement; the second social advertisement having a format suitable for posting onto such social media platform; 4) posting the second social advertisement to such social media platform.

15. The online purchase method of claim 14, wherein such purchase enabled device further comprises: a purchase enabled video player.

16. The online purchase method of claim 15, wherein the step 4) posting the second social advertisement to such social media platform further comprises one member selected from the group consisting of: posting the second social advertisement in a newsfeed, posting the second social advertisement in a profile webpage, posting the second social advertisement as a status update, and other forms of social network posting now known or later devised, and combinations thereof, but excluding from this group posting an indicia of liking such product.

17. The online purchase method of claim 16, wherein the first in-purchase advertisement, second social advertisement, and such purchase enabled device are stored as programming in a non-volatile memory of a central processing unit.

18. The online purchasing method of claim 17, wherein such purchase enabled device is further operative to activate a shipping module, the shipping module operative to initiate a shipping process of such product to such first purchaser.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0104] The following drawings form part of the present specification and are included to further demonstrate certain aspects of the present invention. The invention may be better understood by reference to one or more of these drawings in combination with the detailed description of specific embodiments presented herein.

[0105] FIG. 1 is an informal flow chart illustrating possible steps in a method according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0106] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the components of a system according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0107] FIG. 2a is a block diagram of components and steps of the invention.

[0108] FIG. 3 is an exemplary chart of the spread of an advertisement according to the invention, through a partial social network, shown as a hierarchy for simplicity and clarity though social networks are in fact not usually hierarchical in organization.

[0109] FIG. 4 is an exemplary block diagram of a partial social network in which users receive a score based upon their number of communication links with other users of the network.

[0110] FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing physical components of a social network: though the physical components are the least important part of such a network they are shown for reference purposes.

[0111] FIG. 6 is an exemplary tabular data structure showing potential video advertisements which a user might select from based upon various important dimensions of suitability.

[0112] FIG. 7 is an exemplary tabular data structure showing potential non-video advertisements which a user might select from based upon various important dimensions of suitability.

[0113] FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the steps of the invention for the provision of a service, and payment, by a provider to a customer.

[0114] FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the steps of the invention for the provision of a product, and payment, by a seller to a buyer.

[0115] FIG. 10 is a PRIOR ART flowchart of steps of a user downloading and going to a store to scan QR codes.

[0116] FIG. 11 is a PRIOR ART diagram of a user standing in a brick-and-mortar store, scanning QR codes on products and then getting a discount at a POS station.

[0117] FIG. 12 is a PRIOR ART flow chart of a method of users sharing an online shopping cart.

INDEX OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0118] Sales system 100 [0119] Products 102 [0120] Shopping cart 104 [0121] Incentive offer/POC Ad 106 [0122] Exemplary incentive offer 108 [0123] Decline 110 [0124] Accept offer 112 [0125] Checkout page 114 [0126] Social advertisement 116 [0127] Provide incentive 118 [0128] Post to social network 120 [0129] Viewing of incentive 122 [0130] Referred sale 124 [0131] Online shopping cart 202 [0132] Purchase enabled video player 204 [0133] Product in shopping cart 206 [0134] Purchase 208 [0135] First in-purchase advertisement 210 [0136] Insertion into purchase automatic 211 [0137] Social advertisement choices 212 [0138] Second social advertisement 214 [0139] Insertion into social media 215 [0140] Purchase completion 216 [0141] Incentive 218 [0142] Shipping 220 [0143] Product 222 [0144] First user/initial purchaser 302 [0145] Second user/wall/area 304 [0146] Companion advertisement 306 [0147] Video component 308 [0148] Third user 310 [0149] First user having 4 links 402 [0150] Second user having 0 links 404 [0151] Third user having 8 links 406 [0152] Third user rating: 8 408 [0153] Fourth user 410 [0154] Fourth user rating: 32 412 [0155] Social network/Internet 502 [0156] Merchant computer 504 [0157] Server computer w/NV mem 506 [0158] Consumer access device 508 [0159] Product (computer for sale) 510 [0160] Video component 512 [0161] Video selection module 514 [0162] Shipping module 516 [0163] User database 518 [0164] Other modules/components 520 [0165] Shop online 802 [0166] Checkout online 804 [0167] Receive first in-purchase ad 806 [0168] Use tools for quick post 808 [0169] Finish checkout with discount 810 [0170] Pay Link 812 [0171] Shop online 902 [0172] Checkout online 904 [0173] Receive first in-purchase ad 906 [0174] Use tools for quick post 908 [0175] Finish checkout with discount 910 [0176] Pay Link 912 [0177] Checkout screen/process 1000 [0178] Download app 1002 [0179] Go to store 1004 [0180] Scan QR code 1006 [0181] QR code 1008 [0182] Go home 1010 [0183] Post 1012 [0184] Shop online 1014 [0185] Checkout 1016 [0186] Payment process 1017 [0187] Receive discount 1018 [0188] Post 1020 [0189] Checkout 1022 [0190] Payment process 1023 [0191] Receive discount 1024 [0192] Incentive offer/first (POC) Ad 1100 [0193] Link 2100 [0194] Video 2200

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0195] Briefly and in general terms the present invention provides a system for encouraging an online shopper to share information about an online purchase transaction that includes an online advertisement and a video component featuring the product or a statement or opinion about the product in a video. The online advertisement may be an incentive offer that initially appears to a first social network user at the point of checkout. The online advertisement indicates an incentive for sharing information about the purchase of the product (that has already been selected) on one or more social network platform. The video component featuring the product or a link thereto is in fact a second, social media advertisement, configured to be displayed on the online shopper's social network platform as a posting in a newsfeed, on a profile webpage, or as a status update for one or more social network connection of the online shopper to see when the online shopper indicates a willingness to share in order to receive the incentive.

[0196] According to another embodiment provided is a method for encouraging an online shopper to share information about an online purchase transaction that includes offering an incentive to the online shopper and displaying a video featuring the product on a social network platform of the online shopper when the online shopper accepts the incentive. According to a preferred embodiment, the incentive is offered after an online product item has been added to an online shopping cart of the online shopper but prior to checkout.

[0197] Referring now to the accompanying FIG. 1, a first embodiment 100 of the method is shown with the customer purchasing products 102 that end up in a virtual shopping cart 104 at the online checkout screen. At this point an incentive offer (e.g. discount, buy one get one free, etc.) appears 106 if the online shopper elects to redeem or take advantage of the incentive in exchange for sharing information about their purchase featuring the product with one or more social network connection on one or more social network platform. For example 108, the incentive could state something like Share on SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM NAME and get free shipping! If the online shopper is not interested in sharing 110, then he/she does not receive the incentive and progresses to the final checkout page 114.

[0198] However, if the online shopper is willing to share 112, then he/she is prompted to either choose one of several pre-made videos about the product to share on one or more of his/her social networks, or has the option to create their own video featuring the product or a statement/opinion about 116. The incentive offer is added 118 to the checkout total and next posted 120 on the online shopper's social network newsfeed, profile page, etc. along with the video. Social network connections or friends of the online shopper will then see 122 the video or a link thereto along with the incentive offer. Many will then be motivated to become purchasers themselves and the purchasing and sharing escalates to become viral.

[0199] With reference to FIG. 2, a system according to an embodiment of the invention is shown to include an incentive offer or advertisement 1100 at the checkout screen 1000 of a website. When a shopper elects to redeem the incentive by sharing, a video 2200 featuring or promoting the product or a link 2100 thereto is posted on the shopper's newsfeed, profile webpage, etc. on a social networking website to which the online shopper belongs and where the online shopper has connections/contacts/friends/followers/etc. who will then see the news and be able to checkout the video of the product themselves. The incentive may be displayed again as well along with the video, in the video, or after clicking on the link to the video.

[0200] The video may also feature other additional products available for purchase with a few clicks and which may include further incentives for sharing or promoting across a purchaser's social network(s). As discussed above, the video may be selected according to the purchaser's taste and preference from one of several pre-made videos featuring the purchased product. Alternatively, the video may be created on the fly at the time of or after purchase by the purchaser, for example, featuring himself/herself as purchaser (selfy) with their smartphone camera. In other variations, static pictures may be selected or taken and shared to promote the product alternatively or additionally to dynamic videos.

[0201] FIG. 2a is a block diagram of components and steps of the invention. Online shopping cart 202 (or purchase enabled video player 204) may have therein a product 206.

[0202] In general, one unique aspect of the present invention is that it may be practiced inside of an embedded video player 204 which is purchase enabled. This software device is not similar to known video players such as Windows Media Player or VLC in that it is in fact able to function as a Point of Checkout module, as an alternative to an online shopping cart. Thus media player 204 (as discussed in greater detail in the related application for which priority and benefit is claimed above) is itself an entirely unique part of the ecosystem of this invention.

[0203] The online shopper, the first purchaser, initiates the actual purchase 208. In the present invention, essentially the entire operation, as seen by the consumer, will occur during the brief span of the purchase process (Point of Checkout, POC, checkout, etc).

[0204] The first in-purchase advertisement 210 may be inserted into the purchase automatically, at step 211. This occurs without any active pre-registration being required by the first purchaser, without the use of any special application, without setting up an MLM shopping cart beforehand, going to a store to scan QR codes or any other similar step. The offer explains to the purchaser that they might post to social media some sort of advertisement on behalf of the product they just purchased.

[0205] This advertisement might be anything more elaborate than a mere like or thumbs up indicia. But while the user might make their own advertisement, the preferred mode is to offer professionally created advertisements for their usage. Social advertisement choices 212 are thus presented to the first purchaser, who selects one of them for posting to social media platform 213.

[0206] The selected advertisement thus becomes the second social advertisement 214. Note that as used herein, the first advertisement is an in-purchase ad, while the second advertisement is a social media ad. Thus the platforms may be totally different and the form of the advertisements may be totally different. In addition, the content of the advertisements will be different as they are directed to different audiences: the first (in-purchase) ad is directed to someone who has already independently decided to buy the product 206, while the second (social media) ad is a social ad to let contacts of that buyer know about the product 206 and thus serves a different marketing purpose.

[0207] Insertion into social media 215 is important: this process needs to be so smooth that the first purchaser doesn't give up and end the transaction. Thus tools are provided to aid the insertion, the social media ad (advertisement two) is properly formatted for the social media platform and so on.

[0208] Purchase completion 216 may even be carried out after a brief interlude of advertisement, or it may be, as shown in FIG. 2A, after the purchase is completed and the purchase 208 is initiating shipping 220 of the actual product 222 and eventually (not shown) the second purchaser (or all targeted contacts of the first purchaser on the social media platform) receiving the second, very different advertisement.

[0209] FIG. 3 is an exemplary chart of the spread of an advertisement according to the invention, through a partial social network, shown as a hierarchy for simplicity and clarity though social networks are in fact not usually hierarchical in organization. Also for simplicity, cross-discussions, replies, comments, off-line communication (DM) and other communications are not shown.

[0210] The particular diagram shown is for a hypothetical social network in which the rules are as follows: each user has an area or bulletin board or wall on which postings are placed: various example postings are shown along with the advertisement of the invention. However, postings are not placed by a first user themselves but rather by other users who the first user follows or reposts or publishes, that is, each user is encouraged under the rules of the social network to contribute to the areas of other users rather than their own. In turn, the areas on which such postings appear are seen by those (a third group) of users who follow the second user.

[0211] Thus, an example of the use of the invention shows first user/initial purchaser 302 posting on the area/wall of second user 304 both a companion advertisement 306 and a video component 308. This is in turn seen by third user 310. Note that in this example, third user 310 will actually get the same advertisement from two different sources, as he follows two different users who both follow first user 302.

[0212] Perhaps a more typical set of rules for a social network would be a rule in which each user posts to their own wall or area, however, the variation and use of the websites are extreme so all variations and embodiments are covered herein. If one imagines a situation in which the user 304 posts to his own wall, then the system can still be seen simply by ignoring 302 and other users below 302: instead, user 304 may post the comment, by means of the invention, to their own wall, where once again user 310 sees it. This simpler set of rules is one preferred embodiment and best mode now contemplated for carrying out the invention.

[0213] FIG. 4 is an exemplary block diagram of a partial social network in which users receive a score based upon their number of communication links with other users of the network. Since this is a partial view of a network, some connections are not shown, crossing connections are omitted and so on.

[0214] First user having 4 links 402 is represented by a small four pointed star. This individual might represent a fairly low use social networker, who is followed or found by only a handful of others. Second user having 0 links 404 may not be found at all.

[0215] However, third user having 8 links 406 is possibly about average for the social network, and has a score or rating assigned to them. Third user rating: 8 (408) may be seen to connect to a fourth user 410, who has a much larger number of contacts/followers/etc.

[0216] Fourth user rating: 32 (412) is the highest shown on this extremely simplified partial diagram, however, in real world social networks it is quite common to have hundreds of contacts/followers/friends/etc etc., and famous individuals or causes might have many millions. Obviously the present invention taps into the enormous potential of such power socializers: a single sale to such an individual might result in millions of views by other users.

[0217] It is thus very easy to see how an advertiser might make use of this information, which is often publically available. A simple method of scoring users might be to count their connections in the social network. Then the score might in turn be used to generate the level of incentive. For example, users 404 and 402 might not find any incentives when they go to purchase the first product (or designate it, for example by placing it in an electronic shopping cart), while user 406 might receive a nominal incentive (5% price discount, a small item, some small public recognition, membership, coupon, etc) while user 410 might receive a larger incentive: 10% off the price, a bonus item of more value, etc.

[0218] In addition, the number of contacts may be supplemented or supplanted by other methods of scoring users within the scope of the invention. For example, a greater incentive might be offered to those who post to more than a single social network. Similarly, other factors which might be used could include, but are not limited to, the number of social network connections of such first user, the number of social network connections of such second user to whom the first user is linked, a number of social networks to which such first user posts, a demographic indicia of such first user, a demographic indicia of such second user, and combinations thereof. Thus, user 406 might receive a large bonus due to being linked to user 410, who has larger score. Or, user 402 might represent an extremely desirable demographic, such as teens living in a particular zip code and thus receive a larger incentive offer.

[0219] FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing physical components of a social network: though the physical components are the least important part of such a network they are shown for reference purposes. Social network/Internet 502 is not to be taken to indicate that social networks are confined to the Internet. Increasingly, closed garden communication protocols and product lineups are creating social networks which are not publically accessible. By volume of data transmitted as measured in gigabytes, it would seem that the private systems (such as those linked to the Apple corporation or the like) already are larger than the publically available Internet.

[0220] Merchant computer 504 may be used by a merchant to create pre-made videos of their own and otherwise manage the service, or a service provider of the social network advertising method of the invention might be creating the advertisements and managing the campaign from server computer having non-volatile memory 506, on which are programmed the components of the invention.

[0221] Consumer access device 508 is not shown as a traditional computer, although in fact it may be, simply because so many present day social network interactions and communications occur by means of portable devices such as phones, tablets, phablets, pads, pods and so on. Product (computer for sale) 510 may be seen to be displayed upon the social network in one advertisement form or another.

[0222] Video component 512 is one example format of advertisement, and the preferred embodiment and best mode now contemplated for carrying out the invention. Such a video may be arranged so that clicking on it takes a second user interested in the product to the point-of-checkout (POC) process, for example, by placing the advertised product into the second user's shopping cart. It may even, in conjunction with co-pending applications to the same inventors, provide the actual purchase of the product.

[0223] Video selection module 514 allows a user to select between different potential advertisements to display, as discussed previously in reference to FIG. 2, and further in reference to later figures. In FIG. 2, the topmost of advertisements 2100 might be considered suitable for a more business related social network such as Linkdln, while the second ad might be more appropriate for a more personal social network, or one with image display, such as Instagram.

[0224] Shipping module 516 performs the physical activity of shipping the product 510 to the user 302 after purchase.

[0225] User database 518 is another necessary component of the invention, allowing the advertising service provider or the merchant to keep track of what consumers they are dealing with, the social network commitment level of those users (a term embracing a user's interest level, online capability, willingness to share, the usability of their preferred social tools and so on), demographic and financial information and much more.

[0226] Finally other modules and components are simplified for clarity as block 520, however, all other functions and components discussed herein may also be programmed into the non-volatile memory of the central processor unit (computer) of server 506.

[0227] FIG. 6 is an exemplary tabular data structure showing potential video advertisements which a user might select from based upon various important dimensions of suitability. Thus, a user might decide that they want a business-like tone for their business oriented social network #3, and thus for that network choose to publish video vid022.mpg. Another network however, network #2, is seen by the same user's friends and an exited tone is appropriate for the purchase, so the user selects vid035.mpg for that particular advertisement. Not all cells of the array are necessarily present: there may be no useful video for the intersection of the business network #3 and a technical discussion.

[0228] In addition, the data structure shown is a two dimensional array but the invention is not in any way so limited. The actual dimensions on which the user might be offered choice would naturally include not just social network and tone but might also include product related choices, network topics of discussion, demographics of the friends on the network, and much more.

[0229] FIG. 7 is an exemplary tabular data structure showing potential non-video advertisements, or self-made advertisements or selfies, which a user might select from based upon various important dimensions of suitability. Thus, a user might want to put a script advertisement on social network #3, but would not desire to do so without the help of a pre-written script (script12.tjt) and a file of tips on how to make a video or post an appropriate ad: tipsforyourad.txt.

[0230] FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the steps of the invention for the provision of a service, and payment, by a provider to a customer. As may be seen this process is quite straightforward. Shopping online 802 may be accomplished normally, followed by checkout online at step 804 of the service desired.

[0231] The first user then receives the first in-purchase ad 806 which offers them an opportunity for a bit of quick and easy social media promotion. Using tools for a quick post, 808, the user then gets to finish the checkout immediately as they go to a payment link 812, which may be a simple payment system such as MOJOPAY, a purchase enabled video player, a social link which provides payment, a combination thereof, or other more traditional options. Future buyers then see the video in step 810.

[0232] FIG. 9 is an almost identical flow chart of the same steps of the invention for the provision of a service, and payment, by a provider to a customer. As may be seen this process is still extremely straightforward. There is no need to download a special app and use it to scan QR codes, nor any need to register and bid as an MLM shopping cart operator or anything else. Shopping online 902 may be accomplished normally, followed by checkout online at step 904 of the service desired.

[0233] The first user then receives the first in-purchase/post-purchase ad 906, in this case for a product, which asks them for some social media promotion. Using tools for a convenient post of pre-made adverts, 908, the user then gets to finish the checkout immediately as they go to a payment link 912, which as previously stated may be a payment system such as MOJOPAY for an online shopping cart, or instead might be a purchase enabled video player, or a social link which provides payment, or other more traditional options. Future purchasers, their associates on the social media platform, then see the video at step 910.

[0234] FIG. 10 is a PRIOR ART flowchart of steps of a user downloading and going to a store to scan QR codes. This is provided as contrast. The user must first download app at step 1002, then go shopping in a physical store at step 1004, where they scan QR codes 1006 (a QR code 1008 is shown). They then have a choice.

[0235] The user may go home 1010 or to another normal place to access the internet and social media and there, post 1012, and finally, and only after their trip to the store they may then shop online 1014, checkout 1016 and being the payment process 1017 during which hopefully they receive their discount (1018).

[0236] On the other hand, this option seems to be an afterthought in the Polak reference, found at paragraph 0081 only. More usually, the Polak reference anticipates the entire transaction occurring in-store. Post 1020 is done in-store, then the user may checkout 1022, use their payment process 1023 and finally receive discount 1024.

[0237] Throughout this application, various publications, patents, and/or patent applications are referenced in order to more fully describe the state of the art to which this invention pertains. The disclosures of these publications, patents, and/or patent applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties, and for the subject matter for which they are specifically referenced in the same or a prior sentence, to the same extent as if each independent publication, patent, and/or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

[0238] Methods and components are described herein. However, methods and components similar or equivalent to those described herein can be also used to obtain variations of the present invention. The materials, articles, components, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

[0239] Although only a few embodiments have been disclosed in detail above, other embodiments are possible and the inventors intend these to be encompassed within this specification. The specification describes specific examples to accomplish a more general goal that may be accomplished in another way. This disclosure is intended to be exemplary, and the claims are intended to cover any modification or alternative which might be predictable to a person having ordinary skill in the art.

[0240] Having illustrated and described the principles of the invention in exemplary embodiments, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the described examples are illustrative embodiments and can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. Techniques from any of the examples can be incorporated into one or more of any of the other examples. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.