Method of manufacturing high-strength steel sheet for a can

Abstract

A method of manufacturing a high-strength steel sheet includes, on a mass percent basis, 0.03%-0.10% C, 0.01%-0.5% Si, 0.001%-0.100% P, 0.001%-0.020% S, 0.01%-0.10% Al, 0.005%-0.012% N, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, and microstructures that do not contain a pearlite microstructure, wherein, when Mnf=Mn [% by mass]?1.71?S [% by mass], Mnf is 0.3 to 0.6, including: forming a slab by vertical-bending type continuous casting or bow type continuous casting, wherein surface temperature of a slab corner in a region where the slab undergoes bending deformation or unbending deformation is 800? C. or lower, or 900? C. or higher; forming a steel sheet by hot-rolling the slab followed by cold rolling; annealing the steel sheet after the cold rolling; and skinpass rolling at a draft of 3% or less after the annealing.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a high-strength steel sheet consisting of, on a mass percent basis, 0.03%-0.10% C, 0.01%-0.5% Si, 0.001%-0.100% P, 0.001%-0.020% S, 0.01%-0.10% Al, 0.005%-0.012% N, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, and microstructures that do not contain a pearlite microstructure, wherein, when Mnf=Mn [% by mass]?1.71?S [% by mass], Mnf is 0.3 to 0.6, comprising: forming a slab by vertical-bending type continuous casting or bow type continuous casting, wherein surface temperature of a slab corner in a region where the slab undergoes bending deformation or unbending deformation is 800? C. or lower, or 900? C. or higher; forming a steel sheet by hot-rolling the slab followed by cold rolling; annealing the steel sheet after the cold rolling; and skinpass rolling at a draft of 3% or less after the annealing.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, on a mass percent basis, the Al content is 0.01% to 0.04%.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, on a mass percent basis, the S content is 0.001% to 0.005%.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, on a mass percent basis, the C content is 0.04% to 0.07%.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cold rolling is performed at a draft of 80% or more and the annealing temperature is less than the A.sub.1 transformation point.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(1) A steel sheet for a can is a high-strength steel sheet for a can, the steel sheet having a yield strength of 450 MPa or more. Solid-solution strengthening using C and N and solid-solution strengthening and grain refinement strengthening using P and Mn result in a steel sheet having a higher strength than a conventional steel sheet for a can, the conventional steel sheet having a yield strength of 420 MPa.

(2) The ingredient composition of a steel sheet for a can will be described below.

(3) C: 0.03% to 0.10%

(4) In a steel sheet for a can, it is essential to achieve predetermined strength or more (a yield strength of 450 MPa or more) after continuous annealing, skin pass rolling, and lacquer baking. In the case of manufacturing a steel sheet that satisfies the properties, the amount of C added is important, C functioning as a solid-solution strengthening element. The lower limit of the C content is set to 0.03%. Meanwhile, at a C content exceeding 0.10%, cracking at a slab corner is not prevented even when S and Al contents are regulated in a range described below. Thus, the upper limit of the C content is set to 0.10%. Preferably, the C content is in the range of 0.04% to 0.07%.

(5) Si: 0.01% to 0.5%

(6) Si is an element that increases the strength of steel by solid-solution strengthening. A large amount of Si added causes a significant reduction in corrosion resistance. Thus, the Si content is in the range of 0.01% to 0.5%.

(7) P: 0.001% to 0.100%

(8) P is an element that has a great ability for solid-solution strengthening. A large amount of P added causes a significant reduction in corrosion resistance. Thus, the upper limit is set to 0.100%. Meanwhile, a P content of less than 0.001% causes an excessively large dephosphorization cost. Thus, the lower limit of the P content is set to 0.001%.

(9) S: 0.001% to 0.020%

(10) S is an impurity derived from a blast furnace feed material. S combines with Mn in steel to form MnS. The precipitation of MnS at grain boundaries at high temperatures leads to embrittlement. Meanwhile, the addition of Mn is needed to ensure strength. It is necessary to reduce the S content to inhibit the precipitation of MnS, thereby preventing cracking at a slab corner. Thus, the upper limit of the S content is set to 0.020% and preferably 0.005% or less. Furthermore, a S content of less than 0.001% causes an excessively large desulfurization cost. Thus, the lower limit is set to 0.001%.

(11) Al: 0.01% to 0.10%

(12) Al functions as a deoxidant and is an element needed to increase the cleanness of steel. However, Al combines with N in steel to form AlN. Like MnS, this segregates at grain boundaries to cause high-temperature embrittlement. A large amount of N is contained to ensure strength. Thus, to prevent embrittlement, it is necessary to reduce the Al content. Hence, the upper limit of the Al content is set to 0.10% and preferably 0.04% or less. Meanwhile, an Al content of a steel of less than 0.01% can cause insufficient deoxidation. The lower limit of the Al content is therefore set to 0.01%.

(13) N: 0.005% to 0.012%

(14) N is an element that contributes to solid-solution strengthening. To provide the effect of solid-solution strengthening, N is preferably added in an amount of 0.005% or more. Meanwhile, a large amount of N added causes a deterioration in hot ductility, so that cracking at a slab corner is inevitable even when the S content is regulated within the range described above. Thus, the upper limit of the N content is set to 0.012%.

(15) Mn: when Mnf=Mn [% by mass]?1.71?S [% by mass], Mnf is in the range of 0.3 to 0.6

(16) Mn increases the strength of steel by solid-solution strengthening and reduces the size of grains. Mn combines with S to form MnS. Thus, the amount of Mn that contributes to solid-solution strengthening is regarded as an amount obtained by subtracting the amount of Mn to be formed into MnS from the amount of Mn added. In consideration of the atomic weight ratio of Mn to S, the amount of Mn that contributes to solid-solution strengthening is expressed as Mnf=Mn [% by mass]?1.71?S [% by mass]. A Mnf of 0.3 or more results in a significant effect of reducing the grain size. To ensure target strength, it is necessary to achieve a Mnf of at least 0.3. Thus, the lower limit of Mnf is limited to 0.3. Meanwhile, an excessive amount of Mnf results in poor corrosion resistance. Thus, the upper limit of Mnf is limited to 0.6.

(17) The balance is set to Fe and incidental impurities.

(18) The reason for the limitation of the microstructures will be described below.

(19) The steel has microstructures that do not contain a pearlite microstructure. The pearlite microstructure is a lamellar microstructure of ferrite phases and cementite phases. The presence of a coarse pearlite microstructure causes voids and cracks due to stress concentration, reducing the ductility in a temperature region below the A.sub.1 transformation point. A three-piece beverage can may be subjected to necking in which both ends of the can body are reduced in diameter. Furthermore, to roll the top and the bottom into flanges, flanging is performed in addition to necking Insufficient ductility at room temperature causes cracking in a steel sheet during the severe processing. Thus, to avoid a reduction in ductility at room temperature, the microstructures do not contain the pearlite microstructure.

(20) A method for manufacturing a steel sheet for a can will be described below.

(21) Investigation of the high-temperature ductility of a steel sheet having the foregoing ingredient composition showed that the ductility was reduced at a temperature above 800? C. and below 900? C. To more surely prevent cracking at a slab corner, it is desired to adjust the operation conditions of continuous casting and allow the surface temperature of the slab corner in the correction zone to be outside the foregoing temperature range. That is, continuous casting is performed to make a slab in such a manner that the surface temperature of the slab corner in the correction zone is 800? C. or lower, or 900? C. or higher.

(22) Next, hot rolling is performed. The hot rolling may be performed according to a common method. The thickness after the hot rolling is not particularly specified. To reduce a load imposed during cold rolling, the thickness is preferably 2 mm or less. The finishing temperature and the winding temperature are not particularly specified. To provide a uniform microstructure, the finishing temperature is preferably set to 850? C. to 930? C. To prevent an excessively increase in the size of ferrite grains, the winding temperature is preferably set to 550? C. to 650? C.

(23) After pickling is performed, cold rolling is performed. The cold rolling is preferably performed at a draft of 80% or more. This is performed to crush pearlite microstructures formed after the hot rolling. A draft of less than 80% in the cold rolling allows the pearlite micro-structures to be left. Thus, the draft in the cold rolling is set to 80% or more. The upper limit of the draft is not particularly specified. An excessively large draft causes an excessively large load imposed on a rolling mill, leading to faulty rolling. Hence, the draft is preferably 95% or less.

(24) After the cold rolling, annealing is performed. At this point, the annealing temperature is set to a temperature below the A.sub.1 transformation point. An annealing temperature of the A.sub.1 transformation point or higher causes the formation of an austenite phase during the annealing. The austenite phase is transformed into pearlite microstructures in a cooling process after the annealing. Thus, the annealing temperature is set to a temperature below the A.sub.1 transformation point. As an annealing method, a known method, for example, continuous annealing or batch annealing, may be employed.

(25) After the annealing process, skin pass rolling, plating, and so forth are performed according to common methods.

EXAMPLE

(26) Steels having ingredient compositions shown in Table 1 and containing the balance being Fe and incidental impurities were produced in an actual converter and each formed into a steel slab by vertical-bending type continuous casting at a casting speed of 1.80 mpm. At this time, a thermocouple was brought into contact with a slab corner in a region (upper correction zone) where the slab underwent bending deformation and a region (lower correction zone) where the slab underwent unbending deformation by continuous casting, measuring the surface temperature. Slabs in which cracking had occurred at their corners were subjected to surface grinding (scarfing) so that the cracking may not adversely affect the subsequent processes.

(27) Next, the resulting steel slabs were reheated to 1250? C., hot-rolled at a roll finishing temperature ranging from 880? C. to 900? C., cooled at an average cooling rate of 20 to 40? C./s until winding, and wound at a winding temperature ranging from 580? C. to 620? C. After pickling, cold rolling was performed at a draft of 90% or more, affording steel sheets for a can, each of the steel sheets having a thickness of 0.17 to 0.2 mm.

(28) The resulting steel sheets for a can were heated at 15? C./sec and subjected to continuous annealing at annealing temperatures shown in Table 1 for 20 seconds. After cooling, skin pass rolling was performed at a draft of 3% or less. Common chromium plating was continuously performed, affording tin-free steel.

(29) After the resulting plated steel sheets (tin-free steel) were subjected to heat treatment comparable to lacquer baking at 210? C. for 20 minutes, a tensile test was performed. Specifically, each of the steel sheets was processed into tensile test pieces of JIS-5 type. The tensile test was performed with an Instron tester at 10 mm/min to measure the yield strength.

(30) To evaluate ductility at room temperature, a notched tensile test was also performed. Each of the steel sheets was processed into a tensile test piece having a width of the parallel portion of 12.5 mm, a length of the parallel portion of 60 mm, and a gauge length of 25 mm. A V-notch with a depth of 2 mm was made on each side of the middle of the parallel portion. The resulting test pieces were used for the tensile test. Test pieces each having an elongation at break of 5% or more were evaluated as pass (P). A test piece having an elongation at break of less than 5% was evaluated as fail (F).

(31) Furthermore, after the heat treatment described above, the cross section of each of the steel sheets was polished. The grain boundaries were etched with Nital. The microstructures were observed with an optical microscope.

(32) Table 1 shows the results together with the conditions.

(33) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 (percent by mass) Surface temperature at slab corner (mean temperature ? C.) Upper Lower Annealing cor- cor- tempera- Yield Ductility at rection rection ture Slab strength room Steel C Si P S N Al Mnf zone zone (? C.) cracking Pearlite (MPa) temperature Remarks 1 0.06 0.01 0.022 0.004 0.009 0.04 0.5 685 750 710 None None 455 P Example 2 0.05 0.02 0.040 0.005 0.010 0.03 0.6 716 774 700 None None 458 P Example 3 0.07 0.01 0.097 0.004 0.005 0.04 0.5 914 985 700 None None 460 P Example 4 0.03 0.01 0.059 0.003 0.006 0.06 0.5 620 655 710 None None 455 P Example 5 0.10 0.01 0.077 0.006 0.011 0.03 0.3 695 786 695 None None 461 P Example 6 0.08 0.02 0.006 0.004 0.010 0.03 0.4 918 958 695 None None 470 P Example 7 0.04 0.01 0.081 0.005 0.006 0.10 0.5 741 791 700 None None 452 P Example 8 0.09 0.02 0.088 0.012 0.009 0.03 0.6 989 1050 710 None None 466 P Example 9 0.06 0.02 0.042 0.005 0.010 0.06 0.2 731 766 710 None None 434 P Comparative Example 10 0.05 0.01 0.060 0.003 0.002 0.04 0.4 723 747 700 None None 430 P Comparative Example 11 0.08 0.01 0.040 0.025 0.006 0.03 0.5 756 772 700 Observed None 463 P Comparative Example 12 0.07 0.02 0.032 0.004 0.008 0.18 0.4 784 795 705 Observed None 459 P Comparative Example 13 0.05 0.02 0.016 0.008 0.008 0.04 0.3 860 915 695 Observed None 458 P Comparative Example 14 0.06 0.02 0.035 0.003 0.007 0.09 0.6 791 831 700 Observed None 461 P Comparative Example 15 0.10 0.01 0.019 0.004 0.007 0.02 0.5 705 749 850 None Observed 453 F Comparative Example

(34) Table 1 shows that each of Samples 1 to 8, which are Examples, has excellent strength and a yield strength of 450 MPa or more required for a reduction in the thickness of the can body of a three-piece can by several percent. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that no cracking occurs at a slab corner during the continuous casting.

(35) Samples 9 and 10, which are Comparative Examples, are small in Mnf and N, respectively, thus leading to insufficient strength. Samples 11 and 12 have a high S content and a high Al content, respectively. Samples 13 and 14 have the surface temperatures of the slab corners within the region above 800? C. and below 900? C. in the upper correction zone and the lower correction zone, respectively, the region being outside our range. Hence, cracking occurred at the slab corners. In Sample 15, the annealing temperature is the A.sub.1 transformation point or higher. Hence, the microstructure contains pearlite at room temperature, leading to insufficient ductility at room temperature.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

(36) A steel sheet for a can has a yield strength of 450 MPa or more without cracking at a slab corner in a continuous casting process and can be suitably used for can bodies, can lids, can bottoms, tabs, and so forth of three-piece cans.