Elevator and means for forming a safety space
09878877 · 2018-01-30
Assignee
Inventors
- Jari Pursiainen (Lempäälä, FI)
- Samuli Mäntynen (Espoo, FI)
- Matti Räsänen (Hyvinkää, FI)
- Jaakko Kahila (Karkkila, FI)
- Keijo Vajavaara (Hyvinkää, FI)
- Mika Alvesalo (Espoo, FI)
- Markku Haapaniemi (Helsinki, FI)
- Kristian Viinikkala (Espoo, FI)
Cpc classification
B66B5/0068
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B66B5/005
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
International classification
Abstract
An elevator includes at least an elevator car arranged to move reciprocally in an elevator hoistway and fitted on guide rails, a plurality of landing doors having landing door locks openable e.g. with a service key, and a safety arrangement arranged to form a safe space, preferably a working space, in the elevator hoistway below the elevator car, access to which safe space is enabled via at least one landing door in the proximity of the base of the elevator hoistway, and/or a safe space, preferably a working space, above the elevator car, to which access is enabled via at least one landing door leading to the roof of the elevator car, and in which elevator the aforementioned safe space has a minimum height. The formation of each safe space is arranged to be implemented as a consequence of the opening occurring, e.g. with a service key, from a floor level of a landing door enabling access into the elevator hoistway.
Claims
1. An elevator, comprising: an elevator car arranged to move reciprocally in an elevator hoistway, said elevator car being fitted on guide rails; a plurality of landing doors, each having a landing door lock openable with a service key; and a safety arrangement, said safety arrangement being arranged to form a safe space in the elevator hoistway below the elevator car and/or above the elevator car, to which access is enabled via at least one of the plurality of landing doors, and in which elevator the safe space has a minimum height, wherein the safety arrangement comprises a mechanical transmission member and a safety device, wherein the mechanical transmission member extends from the door lock of the at least one landing door to the safety device, wherein the safety device is mechanically actuated via the mechanical transmission member, wherein the safety device is a spring-loaded tripping device rigidly fixed in the elevator hoistway and comprises: a mounting base; a locking detent mounted on the mounting base and configured to be moved along a single axis via a detent spring pressing against the locking detent; a pin connected to the mounting base via a first hinge and connected to a transmission rod via a second hinge; and a stopper comprising a stopper spring; wherein the transmission rod is connected to the stopper via a third hinge, wherein the mechanical transmission member is connected to the safety device at the locking detent at one end thereof, and wherein the stopper rests against a surface of the locking detent in a refracted position when the door lock is closed, wherein the stopper spring is configured to bias the stopper against the locking detent.
2. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical transmission member is connected to the safety device in the bottom part of the elevator hoistway for forming a safe space below the elevator car by preventing undesired downward movement of the elevator car.
3. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical transmission member is connected to the safety device in the top end of the elevator hoistway for forming a safe space above the elevator car by preventing undesirable upward movement of the elevator car.
4. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical transmission member is a steel rope connected directly from the door lock to the safety device.
5. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein opening of the door lock pulls the locking detent away from the stopper, allowing the stopper to extend, thereby moving the pin, via the transmission rod, into a counterpart of the elevator car to lock the elevator car in a fixed position.
6. The elevator according to claim 1 wherein the safety device further comprises a return device configured to return the stopper to the retracted position.
7. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein the safety device comprises a switch that monitors the position of the safety member and informs a control system when the safety member is in a safe, locked position and when the safety member is in an inner position that permits normal drive with the elevator.
8. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein the elevator car comprises a counterpart with detent member(s), and wherein the counterpart is configured to receive a pin of the safety device for locking the elevator car into a fixed position.
9. An elevator, comprising: an elevator car arranged to move reciprocally in an elevator hoistway, said elevator car being fitted on guide rails; a plurality of landing doors, each having a landing door lock openable with a service key; and a safety arrangement, said safety arrangement being arranged to form a safe space in the elevator hoistway below the elevator car, access to the safe space being enabled via at least one of the plurality of landing doors, the safe space having a minimum height, wherein the safety arrangement further comprises a mechanical transmission member extending from the door lock of the at least one landing door to a safety device of the safety arrangement wherein the safety device is mechanically actuated via the mechanical transmission member, wherein the safety device is a spring-loaded tripping device rigidly fixed in the elevator hoistway and comprises: a mounting base; a locking detent mounted on the mounting base and configured to be moved along a single axis via a detent spring pressing against the locking detent; a pin connected to the mounting base via a first hinge and connected to a transmission rod via a second hinge; and a stopper comprising a stopper spring; wherein the transmission rod is connected to the stopper via a third hinge, wherein the mechanical transmission member is connected to the safety device at the locking detent at one end thereof, and wherein the stopper rests against a surface of the locking detent in a retracted position when the door lock is closed, wherein the stopper spring is configured to bias the stopper against the locking detent.
10. The elevator according to claim 9, wherein the formation of the safe space is arranged to be implemented as a consequence of the opening of the door lock of a floor level landing door, which enables access into the elevator hoistway.
11. The elevator according to claim 9, wherein opening of the lock activates the safety device via movement of the mechanical transmission member, thereby locking the elevator car into a fixed position.
12. The elevator according to claim 9, wherein the elevator car comprises a counterpart with detent member(s), and wherein the counterpart is configured to receive a pin of the safety device for locking the elevator car into a fixed position.
13. An elevator, comprising: an elevator car arranged to move reciprocally in an elevator hoistway, said elevator car being fitted on guide rails; a plurality of landing doors, each having a landing door lock openable with a service key; and a safety arrangement, said safety arrangement being arranged to form a safe space in the elevator hoistway above the elevator car, to which access is enabled via at least one of the plurality of landing doors leading to the roof of the elevator car, the safe space having a minimum height, wherein the safety arrangement further comprises a mechanical transmission member extending from the door lock of the at least one landing door to a safety device of the safety arrangement, wherein the safety device is mechanically actuated via the mechanical transmission member, wherein the safety device is a spring-loaded tripping device rigidly fixed in the elevator hoistway and comprises: a mounting base; a locking detent mounted on the mounting base and configured to be moved along a single axis via a detent spring pressing against the locking detent; a pin connected to the mounting base via a first hinge and connected to a transmission rod via a second hinge; and a stopper comprising a stopper spring; wherein the transmission rod is connected to the stopper via a third hinge, wherein the mechanical transmission member is connected to the safety device at the locking detent at one end thereof, and wherein the stopper rests against a surface of the locking detent in a retracted position when the door lock is closed, wherein the stopper spring is configured to bias the stopper against the locking detent.
14. The elevator according to claim 13, wherein opening of the lock activates the safety device via movement of the mechanical transmission member, thereby locking the elevator car into a fixed position.
15. A safety arrangement configured to form a safety space or safety spaces in an elevator at the base of an elevator hoistway and/or in the top part of the elevator hoistway, comprising: a safety device; and a mechanical transmission member connected to the safety device at a first end and to a lock of an elevator car at a second end, wherein opening of the lock activates the safety device via movement of the mechanical transmission member, thereby locking the elevator car into a fixed position, wherein the safety device is a spring-loaded tripping device rigidly fixed in the elevator hoistway and comprises: a mounting base; a locking detent mounted on the mounting base and configured to be moved along a single axis via a detent spring pressing against the locking detent; a pin connected to the mounting base via a first hinge and connected to a transmission rod via a second hinge; and a stopper comprising a stopper spring; wherein the transmission rod is connected to the stopper via a third hinge, wherein the mechanical transmission member is connected to the safety device at the locking detent at one end thereof, and wherein the stopper rests against a surface of the locking detent in a retracted position when the door lock is closed, wherein the stopper spring is configured to bias the stopper against the locking detent.
Description
(1) In the following, the invention will be described in more detail by the aid of some examples of its embodiment with reference to the simplified and diagrammatic drawings attached, wherein
(2)
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(8) In the solution according to the invention it is ensured inter alia whether a servicing employee is going to the base of the elevator hoistway to below the elevator car, or onto the roof of the elevator car, or otherwise into the elevator hoistway above the elevator car. In this case according to the invention the arrangement comprises means, by the aid of which the bottommost door leading into the elevator hoistway is isolated, i.e. in practice in most cases the door of the bottommost floor level, or in certain cases two or more bottommost floor level doors, are isolated from the rest of the door system in such a way that if the lock of a door of the bottommost floor level, said door being on any side of the elevator car whatsoever, is opened for special use, such as with a key intended for servicing use, then the safety devices of the bottom part of the elevator hoistway that supervise and prevent downward movement of the elevator car trip either mechanically, e.g. via a flexible thin steel rope, or electrically, and the elevator goes into a safe drive mode. Now at the same time the arrangement knows certainly that a servicing employee is going to below the elevator car, e.g. to the base of the elevator hoistway.
(9) If, on the other hand, any of the other floor level doors is opened with the aforementioned key intended for special use, then it is known certainly that a servicing employee is going into a hoistway space above the elevator car, e.g. onto the roof of the elevator car. In this case the elevator car will not move anywhere before the safety devices of the top part of the elevator hoistway that supervise and prevent upward movement of the elevator car trip either mechanically, e.g. via a flexible thin steel rope, or electrically, and the elevator goes into a safe drive mode.
(10)
(11) In the elevator are also safety means 7, which comprise a counterpart 8 fitted onto one side of the elevator car 3 and moving along with the elevator car and also, against the counterpart 8, a safety device 9 that is fitted in connection with a wall of the elevator hoistway and provided with a safety member 9a. The safety device 9 can also be fixed in some other rigid location, e.g. on a guide rail 2 of the elevator car 3. The counterpart 8 is fitted to be movable in the vertical direction in relation to the elevator car 3. The counterpart 8 comprises a plurality of detent members 8a, which in the embodiment of
(12) The counterpart 8 is connected to the safety gear 4 of the elevator e.g. via a connector rod 10. When the safety member 9a is turned to be between detent members 8a, it is in its so-called safe position. Between which detent members 8a the safety member 9a fits depends on the location of the elevator car 3 in the elevator hoistway 1. The safety member 9a can also fit below the bottommost detent member 8a, if the height position of the elevator car 3 is such. In this case the safety member 9a is therefore not between any two detent members 8a and the bottommost detent member 8a functions as the counterpart of it.
(13) If the elevator car 3 moves downwards when the safety member 9a is in its safe position, the detent member 8a of the counterpart 8 hits the safety member 9a, in which case the movement of the counterpart 8 in relation to the hoistway 1 stops, and the counterpart 8, stopped by the safety member 9a, moves relatively upwards with respect to the elevator car 3, in which case the connector rod 10 pulls the wedges, or corresponding locking means, of the safety gear 4 against the guide rails 2, and movement of the elevator car 3 stops.
(14) When e.g. in a servicing situation it is desired to ensure that the elevator car 3 does not move downwards, the safety member 9a is turned into its safe position i.e. in such a way that it is between two detent members 8a or immediately below the detent members 8a. In the embodiment of
(15) When the lock 12 is locked after the servicing work, the safety member 9a must be separately switched out of its safe position, e.g. from an electrical switch or corresponding disposed in the machine room of the elevator, or e.g. by pulling the safety member out of its safe position by the aid of a second transmission means, such as a steel rope, connected to the safety member 9a. This solution is explained in more detail later in connection with
(16)
(17) A difference to the solution presented by
(18) In the solution according to
(19) If a lock 12 of a floor level other than the bottommost floor level or bottommost floor levels is opened, the opening of the lock 12 affects either the tripping of the safety device 9 of specifically the other floor level in question or, depending on the solution, the tripping of the safety device 9 of always only the topmost floor level, because from the viewpoint of the safety of the top clearance the safety device 9 on the topmost floor level, being the last in the direction of travel of the elevator car, is in a more important position than the others. The safety device 9 on the topmost floor level operates in the opposite direction than the corresponding safety device 9 on the bottommost floor level, because it may not allow the elevator car 3 to go too far upwards.
(20) Between which detent members 8a the safety member 9a of the safety device 9 fits depends on the location of the elevator car 3 in the top part of elevator hoistway 1. The safety member 9a can also fit above the topmost detent member 8a, if the height position of the elevator car 3 is such. In this case the safety member 9a is therefore not between any two detent members 8a and the topmost detent member 8a functions as the counterpart of it.
(21) When the elevator car 3 is in the top part of the elevator hoistway 1 and some door 1b of an upper floor is opened via the lock 12, the safety member 9a is outside in its safe position. If the elevator car 3 in this case moves upwards, the detent member 8a of the counterpart 8 hits the safety member 9a, in which case the counterpart 8, stopped by the safety member 9a, moves relatively downwards with respect to the elevator car 3 and the connector rod 10 pulls the wedges, or corresponding locking means, of the safety gear 4 against the guide rails 2, and movement of the elevator car 3 stops.
(22) The connector rod 10 is fitted into the arrangement e.g. by the aid of lever means in such a way that it functions as an activation means of the safety gear 4 when the elevator car 3 moves in either direction whatsoever. When the doors 1b of the other floor levels are isolated from the door 1a of the bottommost floor level or of the bottommost floor levels, at the same time it is known certainly in connection with the opening of a lock 12 of an upper floor level that a servicing employee is going into the elevator hoistway 1 into a space above the elevator car 3, e.g. onto the roof of the elevator car 3, and that the elevator car 3 may not in this case move too far upwards. In this case a safe space, e.g. a working space, is formed in the elevator hoistway 1 above the elevator car 3.
(23) As mentioned in the preceding the isolation of the door 1a of bottommost floor level or of bottommost floor levels from the rest of the door system and from the other floor level doors 1b can be done either mechanically or electrically either by switching on the safety device 9 preventing downward movement of the elevator car 3 or by switching on the safety device 9 preventing upward movement of the elevator car 3 depending on which floor level door 1a, 1b has been opened with a special key via a lock 12. This is important, inter alia, in the types of elevators in which the safety spaces in the hoistways are, owing to the structures, small or even inadequate.
(24) In the aforementioned mechanical solution e.g. a thin flexible steel rope is used as a transmission means 11, which is joined from a lock 12 of a certain floor level door or of certain floor level doors directly either to a safety device 9 in the bottom part of the elevator hoistway or to a safety device 9 in the top part of the elevator hoistway. Correspondingly in the electrical solution electrical actuators are used, which are connected from a lock 12 of a certain floor level door or of certain floor level doors directly either to a safety device 9 in the bottom part of the elevator hoistway or to a safety device 9 in the top part of the elevator hoistway. In this case when opening with a special key the lock 12 of any floor level door whatsoever the safety device 9 of the correct end, bottom end or top end, of the elevator hoistway 1 always surely switches on and the aforementioned safe space is formed in exactly the correct end of the elevator hoistway 1.
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(26) The lower safety stopping means 24a, which are e.g. one on both opposite sides of the elevator car 3, are hinged at their top end to the elevator car 3 by the aid of a joint 27 and arranged to turn at their bottom end away from the elevator car 3 when the counterpart 8 moves upwards in relation to the elevator car 3 stopped by the safety member 9a of a safety device 9 in the bottom end of the elevator hoistway 1. In this case when the elevator car 3 continues its movement downwards the bottom ends of the lower safety stopping means 24a, said ends being turned outwards, are arranged to hit the stopping detents 25a on the wall of the elevator hoistway 1, or in another fixed location, in the bottom part of the elevator hoistway, in which case the downward movement of the elevator car 3 stops and a safe space, e.g. suitable as a working space, remains below the elevator car 3.
(27) Correspondingly the upper safety stopping means 24b that correspond structurally and functionally to the lower safety stopping means 24a, which upper safety stopping means are e.g. one on both opposite sides of the elevator car 3, are hinged at their bottom end to the elevator car 3 by the aid of a joint 26 and arranged to turn at their top end away from the elevator car 3 when the counterpart 8 moves downwards in relation to the elevator car 3 stopped by the safety member 9a of a safety device 9 in the top end of the elevator hoistway 1. In this case when the elevator car 3 continues its movement upwards the top ends of the upper safety stopping means 24b, said ends being turned outwards, are arranged to hit the stopping detents 25b on the wall of the elevator hoistway 1, or in another fixed location, in the top part of the elevator hoistway, in which case the upward movement of the elevator car 3 stops and a safe space, e.g. suitable as a working space, remains above the elevator car 3.
(28)
(29) The safety device 9 has a mounting base 9b as a frame, by the aid of which the safety device 9 is fixed in the elevator hoistway to its rigid fixing location according to purpose, e.g. on the wall of the elevator hoistway 1 or on the guide rail 2 of the elevator car 3. The safety device 9 is fixed in such a way that when the elevator car 3 comes to the point of the safety device 9 the elongated counterpart 8 that is on the outer wall of the elevator car 3 is so close to the safety device 9 that the pin-type or corresponding safety member 9a of the safety device 9 can turn in front of the detent members 8a that are on the counterpart 8, stopping possible movement of the counterpart 8.
(30) A tripping device of the safety device 9 is fixed to the frame 9b of the safety device 9, said tripping device comprising a locking detent 15 and a spring means 14 pressing against the locking detent. The second end of a flexible transmission means 11, such as a thin steel rope, is fixed to the locking detent 15 and correspondingly the first end of the transmission means 11 is fixed to a lever mechanism of the lock 12 of a landing door, which lever mechanism trips the safety member 9a of a safety device 9 into its safe position by pulling the transmission means 11.
(31) The locking detent 15 can also be connected to electrical actuators, in which case opening of the lock 12 switches on the aforementioned electrical actuators, which by displacing the locking detent 15 trip the safety member 9a of a safety device 9 into its safe position, and correspondingly when returning the elevator to the normal state return the locking detent 15 to its initial position to keep the safety member 9a in its inner position.
(32) The locking detent 15 locks the pin-type or lever-type safety member 9a of the safety device 9 in its inner position in such a way that the safety member 9a does not hit the counterpart 8 moving along with the elevator car 3 nor the detent members 8a of it. The safety member 9a is hinged at its first end to be turnable around the joint pin 20 into both its aforementioned inner position and its outer position, i.e. locking position, in which the safety member 9a hits some detent member 8a of the counterpart 8, stopping the movement of the counterpart 8 even though the elevator car 3 were to continue moving.
(33) In addition, the safety member 9a is hinged from between its first and second end by the aid of a joint pin 19 to a spring-loaded transmitter means, comprising a stopper means 17, a transmission rod 18 hinged with a joint 23 at its first end to the stopper means 17, and a spring means 16 pressing the stopper means 17 towards the locking detent 15. The safety member 9a is hinged to the free end, i.e. to the second end, of the transmission rod 18 of the transmitter means. In addition, the second end of a flexible transmission means 21, such as a thin steel rope, is fixed to the transmitter means, e.g. to the stopper means 17 of it, the first end of which transmission means is fixed e.g. to a return device 22 in the machine room or control cubicle of the elevator, which return device can be mechanical, as in this example, or also electrically operable. With the return device 22 the safety member 9a is pulled back into its inner position against the compression load of a spring means 16.
(34) The safety device presented in
(35) Supervision means 13, which are arranged to monitor the state of the safety member 9a, i.e. whether the safety member 9a is in its inner position or in its outer position, are also connected to the safety member 9a. The supervision means 13 can be composed e.g. of a microswitch, which is disposed in the proximity of the pin-like part of the safety member 9a in such a way that when the safety member 9a is in its outer position it simultaneously switches the microswitch on and when the safety member 9a is turned into its inner position it simultaneously switches the microswitch off. The supervision means 13 are connected to the control system of the elevator and when the safety member 9a is in its safe position, i.e. in its outer position, the control system is arranged to prevent normal drive of the elevator.
(36) Monitoring of the hoistway space above the elevator car 3 can be performed electrically with supervision means belonging to the arrangement in such a way that when a type of floor level door from which there is access to the space above the elevator car 3 is opened via the lock 12 the supervision means trip the electronic supervision and disconnect the safety circuit of the elevator. The means for electrical supervision comprise e.g. two supervision circuits that are separate from each other, which are arranged to remember their state also after an electricity outage situation. For implementing electrical supervision, supervision switches are installed on the doors of a floor level, which switches are arranged to control the relays, or other corresponding apparatus, that are in the control panel of the elevator and are a part of the safety circuit of the elevator.
(37) The supervision switches on the doors of floor levels can also be directly a part of the safety circuit of the elevator, in which case one supervision circuit is sufficient. The supervision switches of the supervision circuit in this case lock into the open state after opening of the lock 12 and the supervision switches are arranged to remember their state also after an electricity outage situation.
(38) In both the aforementioned solutions a run with the elevator is limited in such a way that only a service run can be driven with the elevator when the safety member 9a of the safety device 9 is turned in connection with opening of the lock 12 into its safe position. In this case a switch in the safety device 9 switches on a service drive circuit permitting a service run. The elevator car 3 can be driven in the up direction until the service drive limit. A safety switch at the service drive limit stops the elevator car before the elevator car collides with a mechanical safety device, such as a buffer.
(39) After the servicing work the elevator is returned to normal drive by setting the safety devices to the normal drive position, inter alia in the manner presented above, and by removing the electrical supervision with a separate key switch. Electrical supervision is removed by electrically energizing the switches of the supervision circuit of the floor level doors 1a, 1b with the aforementioned key switch.
(40) It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited solely to the examples described above, but that it may be varied within the scope of the claims presented below. Thus, for example, the safety member and its operation can also be different to what is presented above. The safety member does not necessarily need to be turnably hinged, but instead it can e.g. be arranged to push also horizontally straight between the detent members.
(41) It is further obvious to the person skilled in the art that the safety device and the frame part of it can be different to what is presented above. Instead of a rigid frame part, the frame part can be e.g. of two parts, which parts are configured to be movable in the vertical direction in relation to each other. In this case the first part of the frame part is arranged to be movable in the vertical direction, e.g. inside the enclosure-type second part, with some extent of freedom of movement. If the elevator car moves downwards and trips via the safety device the safety gear, or some other corresponding safety stopping device, the first part of the frame part of the safety device moves slightly downwards inside the enclosure-type second part. On the base of the enclosure-type second part is a spring, which is arranged to resist this movement and to return the safety device to its correct height when nothing presses it downwards any longer.
(42) It is further obvious to the person skilled in the art that other types of safety stopping devices can be used in addition to the safety stopping devices, such as a safety gear and turnable stopping rods, presented above.