Folding anti-theft device

Abstract

The invention relates to an anti-theft device that is both highly resistant to attack by hand-carried bolt cutters and saw blades while also exhibiting a weight suitable for use with bicycles. The device is made with a plurality of interlinked titanium alloy arm members, each of which exhibits a hardness of HRC 30 or more and a cross-sectional distance of 8 mm or more.

Claims

1. An antitheft device comprising a plurality of interlinked arm members, each of which exhibits a cross sectional distance of 8 mm or more; at least one pair of opposing, saddle washers between at least one interconnection of two arm members; at least one security washer exhibiting opposing countersink portions therein that receive a saddle washer on each side thereof, wherein each security washer exhibits a shaped profile edge comprising counter-sloping sections that meet in an acute or obtuse angle at substantially a vertical mid-point of said security washer.

2. An antitheft device according to claim 1 wherein each of said arm members exhibits a hardness within the range of HRC 30-68.

3. An antitheft device according to claim 1 further comprising a lock secured to one of the arm members and exhibiting an opening into which a second arm member can be inserted and secured therein.

4. An antitheft device according to claim 1 wherein each saddle washer exhibits a hardness at least as high as HRC 30.

5. An antitheft device according to claim 1 further comprising a rivet exhibiting a hardness of at least HRC 30, said rivet connecting a pair of said arm members.

6. An antitheft device according to claim 1 wherein the arm member include: (a) a plurality of first rod members exhibiting a transverse hole at each end of said rod member; (b) a plurality of saddle washers exhibiting a curved concave side that fits over ends of said first rod members, a planar side opposite said curved side, and a transverse opening through said planar side and said curved side and dimensioned to allow a rivet to pass therethrough and connect said first rod members in a pivotable joint on a plane where planar sides of opposing saddle washers meet; (c) a second rod member exhibiting a transverse hole at each end of said second rod member, wherein a first end of said second rod member is connected to an end of a first rod member by a rivet and said saddle washers in a planar, pivotable joint, (d) a third rod member exhibiting a transverse hole at each end of said third rod member, wherein a first end of said third rod member is connected to an end of a first rod member by a rivet and said saddle washers in a planar, pivotable joint, wherein each of the rivets is dimensioned to pass through the holes at each end of two rod members as well as the saddle washers located between the rod members, and wherein each rivet is deformed in place so as to permanently connect the ends of said first two rod members in a planar, pivotable joint; and (e) a locking device that is permanently secured to a second end of the third rod member through said transverse hole in said second end, said locking device exhibiting a lateral opening dimensioned to receive and lockably secure a second end of said second rod member, wherein each of the rod members, saddle washers, and rivets exhibits a hardness of at least 30 HRC.

7. An antitheft device according to claim 6 wherein all rod members exhibit a circular cross section profile and have a diameter of at least 10 mm.

8. An antitheft device comprising: a plurality of interlinked arm members, each of which exhibits a cross sectional distance of 8 mm or more; at least one pair of opposing, saddle washers between at least one interconnection of two arm members, at least one security washer exhibiting opposing countersink portions therein that receive a saddle washer on each side thereof; and a lock secured to one of the arm members and exhibiting an opening into which a second arm member can be inserted and secured therein.

9. An antitheft device according to claim 8 wherein the arm member include: (a) a plurality of first rod members exhibiting a transverse hole at each end of said rod member; (b) a plurality of saddle washers exhibiting a curved concave side that fits over ends of said first rod members, a planar side opposite said curved side, and a transverse opening through said planar side and said curved side and dimensioned to allow a rivet to pass therethrough and connect said first rod members in a pivotable joint on a plane where planar sides of opposing saddle washers meet; (c) a second rod member exhibiting a transverse hole at each end of said second rod member, wherein a first end of said second rod member is connected to an end of a first rod member by a rivet through said saddle washers in a planar, pivotable joint, (d) a third rod member exhibiting a transverse hole at each end of said third rod member, wherein a first end of said third rod member is connected to an end of a first rod member by a rivet through said saddle washers in a planar, pivotable joint, wherein each of said rivets is dimensioned to pass through holes at each end of two rod members as well as saddle washers located between rod members, and each rivet has been deformed in place so as to permanently connect ends of rod members in a planar, pivotable joint; and (e) wherein the lock includes a locking device that is permanently secured to a second end of the third rod member through said transverse hole in said second end, said locking device exhibiting a lateral opening dimensioned to receive and lockably secure a second end of said second rod member, wherein each of the rod members, saddle washers, and rivets exhibits a hardness of at least 30 HRC.

10. An antitheft device according to claim 9 wherein all rod members exhibit a circular cross section profile and have a diameter of at least 10 mm.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows an isometric view of an antitheft device according to the invention with two extension members, a locked arm and a lockable arm.

(2) FIG. 2 is a side view of the device shown in FIG. 1.

(3) FIG. 3 illustrates additional details of an extension arm member.

(4) FIG. 4 depicts a lockable arm member.

(5) FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a saddle-shaped washer.

(6) FIG. 6 is an end view of a connection between extension arm members in which opposing saddle-shaped spacers form a pivot plane and a deformed rivet permanently connects the arm members.

(7) FIG. 7 is a side view of the connection shown in FIG. 6.

(8) FIGS. 8-10 depict side, bottom and isometric views, respectively, of a saddle washer used in the invention.

(9) FIG. 11 presents a saddle washer having two bevels or chamfers to round off the upstanding edges of the arcuate side.

(10) FIG. 12 is a view of a joint connection using two, opposing, rounded off saddle washers to form a planar connection between an extension arm and the locking arm.

(11) FIG. 13 is a cross sectional view showing the connection of FIG. 12.

(12) FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the lock connecting the locked arm and the lockable arm.

(13) FIG. 15 is an external view of the connection shown in FIG. 14.

(14) FIG. 16 depicts a security washer that may be used between opposing saddle washers to shield the space between saddle washers from insertion of a blade or prying tool.

(15) FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view of the security washer of FIG. 16.

(16) FIG. 18 shows the security washer in place between opposing saddle washers at a pivotable connection of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(17) The present device uses a plurality of connected extension arm members (the number of which determine the overall length available of the device), a locking arm that has a locking device permanently connected thereto, and a lockable arm with a bore through the leading edge thereof. In use, the leading edge of the lockable arm is inserted into a transverse opening in the lock housing and a leading rod member on the lock device is secured into the lock housing so that it passes through the bore in the leading edge of the lockable arm.

(18) For the present invention, a hard titanium alloy is preferred. One way to measure the hardness of titanium or alloys thereof is with a Rockwell test. Such a test determines the hardness by measuring the depth of penetration of an indenter under a large load compared to the penetration made by a preload. There are different scales, denoted by a single letter, that use different loads or indenters. The result is a dimensionless number noted as HRA, HRB, HRC, etc., where the last letter is the respective Rockwell scale. See Table 1.

(19) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Rockwell Hardness Scales Scale Abbreviation Load (kg.sub.F) Indenter A HRA 60 120 diamond spheroconical.sup. B HRB 100 1/16-inch-diameter (1.588 mm) steel sphere C HRC 150 120 diamond spheroconical D HRD 100 120 diamond spheroconical E HRE 100 -inch-diameter (3.175 mm) steel sphere F HRF 60 1/16-inch-diameter (1.588 mm) steel sphere G HRG 150 1/16-inch-diameter (1.588 mm) steel sphere

(20) Materials tested with the HRC protocol are generally harder than those tested with the HRB protocol. There is, however, some overlap between the upper end of the HRB (100 kg) scale and the lower end of the HRC (150 kg) scale, e.g., an HRB (100 kg) of 97 corresponds generally to an HRC (150 kg) of about 20, and an HRB (100 kg) of 120 corresponds with an HRC (150 kg) of about 55 for non-austenitic steels. (See http://www.woodcousa.com/bhn.pdf.) HRC values of less than 20 are said to have questionable accuracy.

(21) Titanium alloys having a hardness of HRC 30 or more are preferred for use in the present invention, e.g., titanium exhibiting HRC (150 kg) hardness within the range of 30-68 or HRB within the range of 105-120 or more. Even more preferably, the titanium hardness is within the range of HRC (150 kg) 33-50. Such high hardness is generally beyond the ability of hand tools to cut, saw or grind away. Table 1 lists suitable materials and includes unalloyed titanium by way of comparison.

(22) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Material Name HRC Titanium Grade 7 11.0 Titanium Grade 7, Annealed 11.0 Titanium Grade 12 11.0 Titanium Grade 18 Ti-3Al-2.5V-0.05Pd 15.0 Titanium Grade 3 16.0 Titanium Grade 4 23.0 Titanium Grade 4, Annealed 23.0 Titanium Ti-3Al-2.5V (Grade 9), alpha 24.0 annealed ATI Allvac 3-2.5 Titanium Alloy, Heat 24.0 Treatment: 704 C. (1300 F.) Anneal ATI Allegheny Ludlum Grade 9 Titanium 25.0 (UNS R56320) ATI Allegheny Ludlum Grade 18 Titanium 25.0 (UNS R56322) Titanium Grade 3, Annealed 26.0 ATI Allvac 6-2-4-2-Si UNS R54620 modified 28.0 Titanium Alloy Titanium Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo (Ti-621/0.8), 30.0 as-rolled Titanium Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo (Ti-621/0.8), 30.0 Alpha-Annealed Titanium Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo (Ti-621/0.8), 30.0 STA-1 Titanium Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo (Ti-621/0.8), 30.0 STA Titanium Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-1Mo 30.0 Titanium Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-1Mo, Annealed 30.0 Titanium Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al (Ti-13-11-3) 30.0 Solution Treated ATI Allvac 6-4ELI Titanium Alloy, Heat 30.0 Treatment: 704 C. (1300 F.) Anneal ATI Allegheny Ludlum Grade 23 (6-4 ELI) 30.0 Titanium (UNS R56401) Titanium Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn ST 850 C. 31.0 (1560 F.), Aged 545 C. Titanium Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo (Ti-6-2-4-2), 32.0 Duplex Annealed Titanium IMI 829 (Ti-5.5Al-3.5Sn-3Zr-1Nb- 32.0 0.25Mo-0.3Si) Titanium Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al (Ti 10-2-3), Anneal 32.0 1 hr. 760 C. Titanium Beta C (Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr) 32.0 Solution Treated 815 C. ATI Allvac 6-4 Titanium Alloy, Heat 32.0 Treatment: 704 C. (1300 F.) Anneal ATI Allvac 6-7 UNS R56700 Titanium Alloy 32.0 ATI Allvac Grade 15-3-3-3 UNS R58153 32.0 Titanium Alloy ATI Allvac 38-644 UNS R58640 Titanium 32.0 Alloy Titanium Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, ELI, Annealed 33.0 Titanium Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si; Duplex 34.0 Annealed Titanium Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo (Ti-6-2-4-2), 34.0 Sheet Titanium Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al; (Ti-13-11-3) 34.0 Annealed 800 C., 30 min. Titanium Ti-8Mn, Annealed 34.0 Titanium Ti-7Al-4Mo Annealed 34.0 ATI Allvac 6-2-4-2 Titanium Alloy, Heat 34.0 Treatment: 982 C. (1800 F.) + Age Titanium Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V (Ti-8-1-1) Duplex 35.0 Anneal Titanium IMI 834 35.0 Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23), Annealed 35.0 ATI Allvac 8-1-1 Titanium Alloy, Heat 35.0 Treatment: 982 C. (1800 F.) + Age ATI Allvac 6-6-2 Titanium Alloy, Heat 35.0 Treatment: 718 C. (1325 F.) Anneal ATI Allegheny Ludlum Grade 5 Titanium 6Al- 35.0 4V (UNS R56400) Titanium Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (Grade 6) 36.0 Titanium Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V (Ti-8-1-1) 36.0 Titanium Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V (Ti-8-1-1) Annealed 36.0 8 hr at 790 C. (1450 F.) Titanium Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5), Annealed 36.0 Titanium Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5), Annealed Bar 36.0 Titanium Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (Ti-6-2-4-6) 37.0 Annealed Titanium Beta C (Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr ST 38.0 815 C., Aged 510 C. Titanium Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (Ti-6-2-4-6) 38.0 STOA Titanium Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn (Ti-6-6-2) Annealed 38.0 Titanium Ti-7Al-4Mo, STA 38.0 ATI Allvac 6-2-4-6 Titanium Alloy, Heat 38.0 Treatment: 885 C. (1625 F.) + Age ATI Allvac Ti-17 Titanium Alloy, Heat 38.0 Treatment: 899 C. (1650 F.) + Age Titanium Ti-13V-2.7Al-7Sn-2Zr, ST 815 C., 39.0 Aged 540 C. (1000 F.) Titanium Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (Ti-6-2-4-6) 39.0 STA-1 Titanium Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (Ti-6-2-4-6) 39.0 STA-2 Titanium Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (Ti-6-2-4-6) 39.0 BSTA Titanium Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5), STA Bar 39.0 Titanium Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al (Ti 10-2-3) ST 40.0 760 C.; Age 525 C. (980 F.) Titanium Ti-11.5Mo-6Zr-4.5Sn, ST 720 C., 40.0 Aged 495 C. Titanium Ti-8Mo-8V-2Fe-3Al ST 800 C., 40.0 Aged 540 C. (1000 F.) Titanium Ti-5-5-8-3 (Ti-5Mo-5V-8Cr-3Al), 40.0 1 to 3 mm Sheet Titanium Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (Ti-17) 40.0 Alpha-Beta Processed Titanium Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (Ti-17) 40.0 Beta Processed Titanium Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5), STA 41.0 Titanium Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al (Ti-13-11-3) Aged 42.0 400 C. Titanium Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn (Ti-6-6-2) STA 42.0 870 C./565 C. Titanium Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al; (Ti-13-11-3) 43.0 Annealed 850 C. (1560 F.) + Aged 510 C. 8 hr Titanium Ti-13V-2.7Al-7Sn-2Zr, ST 760 C., 44.0 Aged 440 C. Titanium Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn (Ti-6-6-2) STA 44.0 910 C./540 C. (1000 F.) Titanium Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al (Ti-13-11-3) 46.0 SolnTreat; Age 450 C. Titanium Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al (Ti-13-11-3) Aged 50.0 490 C.

(23) The most preferred titanium for use as the extension members, rivets and spacer elements in the present invention has a hardness of HRC 35 or higher. Such a material can be found in a Grade 5 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V).

(24) The specific shape of the rod member can exhibit a round or rectangular cross section, but a preferred shape exhibits a cross sectional diameter or length of 8 mm or more, preferably a diameter within the range of 10-20 mm. Such a shape and diameter are sufficiently hard and exhibit such a high tensile strength that they are not readily cut by bolt cutters or saws (hand-operated or battery-operated). Such dimensions and hardness are also a visual deterrent for those intent on using a portable angle grinder that may serve as a psychological deterrent and redirect the would-be thief toward other lock systems that do not have such a robust system.

(25) The ultimate tensile strength of the titanium alloy can also be used as an indicator for suitability in the present invention. This tensile strength may help avoid potential variances due to surface absorption of oxygen from annealing. An exemplary listing of the ultimate tensile strengths of various titanium alloys is found in Table 3.

(26) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Alloy Designation Tensile Strength (MPa) Commercially Pure ASTM Grade 1 241 Commercially Pure ASTM Grade 2 345 Commercially Pure ASTM Grade 3 448 Commercially Pure ASTM Grade 4 552 Ti-3%Al-2.5%V ASTM Grade 9 621 Ti-0.8%Ni-0.3%Mo ASTM Grade 12 483 Ti-3%Al-8%V-6%Cr-4%Zr- Beta C 1172 4%Mo Ti-15%Mo-3%Nb-3%Al- Timetal 21 S.sup.a 792 0.2%Si Ti-6%Al-4%V ASTM Grade 5 897 Ti-2.5%Cu IMI 230 540 Ti-4%Al-4%Mo-2%Sn-0.5%Si IMI 550 1104 Ti-6%Al-6%V-2%Sn 1035 Ti-10%V-2%Fe-3%Al 1241 Ti-15%V-3%Cr-3%Sn-3%Al 1000 Ti-8%Al-1%Mo-1%V 897 Ti-6%Al-5%Zr-0.5%Mo- IMI 685 850 0.2%Si Ti-6%Al-2%Sn-4%Zr-2%Mo 931 Ti-6%Al-2%Sn-4%Zr-6%Mo 1172 Ti-5.5%Al-3.5%Sn-3%Zr- IMI 829 960 1%Nb-0.3%Mo-0.3%Si Ti-5.8%Al-4%Sn-3.5%Zr- IMI 834 1030 0.7%Nb-0.5%Mo-0.3%Si .sup.aSolution treated

(27) An ultimate tensile strength of 700 MPa or more (at 20 C.) is preferred for the titanium members and parts use in the present invention. Even more preferable is a tensile strength of about 930 MPA or more.

(28) The specific shape of the rod member can exhibit any number of potential geometric shapes in cross section, e.g., round, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, etc. provided that the cross sectional distance is sufficiently large to be impractical to cut with handheld bolt cutters, e.g., a cross sectional distance of at least 8 mm, preferably a cross sectional distance within the range of 9-20 mm, and even more preferably a cross sectional distance of 10-14 mm. A preferred shape uses commercially available rod stock that exhibits a cross sectional diameter within the range of 8-12 mm.

(29) Turning now to the figures, FIGS. 1 and 2 shows an antitheft device 1 according to the invention. Two extension rod members 3, 4 (also called first rod members herein) are interconnected with each other and with locked rod member 5 (referenced as third rod member herein) and lockable rod member 2 (referred to as second rod member herein) at first ends 6. Any number of extension rods 3, 4 may be used to provide additional length to antitheft device 1.

(30) An opposing pair of saddle washers 7 have an arcuate side that contacts the round external surfaces of each rod and an opposing flat or planar side that provides a planar interaction surface 8 in which each rod can pivot relative to the rod with which it is connected by rivet 9, e.g., between rod 2 and rod 3. Saddle washers 7 also serve to protect rivets 9 from attack using the connected rods as cutting guides by a saw blade or bolt cutter jaws.

(31) Locked rod member 5 is permanently secured to lock 10. Lockable rod member 2 can become secured by lock 10 when lockable rod 2 is inserted into lock hole 11 and lock mechanism 12 is engaged. See also FIG. 13.

(32) FIGS. 3 and 4 show additional details of extension rod 3. As shown extension rod 3 is cylindrical with a substantially circular cross sectional shape having a length 17 and rod diameter 18. Substantially parallel, transverse bores 13, 14 with countersink bores 15, 16 that exhibit greater diameter than bores 13, 14. Bore centers 19, 20 of bores 13, 14 respectively are desirably located at least one third and preferably at least one half of a rod diameter from the terminal ends 21, 22 of rod 3.

(33) FIGS. 5-13 illustrate additional details of the saddle washers 7 and the pivotable connections between connected rods, e.g., extension rods 3, 4. As shown, saddle washer 7 has a planar side 23 and an arcuate side 24. Arcuate side 24 preferably exhibits a radius of curvature 25 that is substantially the same as rods 3, 4 to provide a good fit. Washers 7 also exhibit a transverse bore 26 having a close tolerance fit for securing rivet 9 without undue play between rivet 9 and spacer 7 when assembled.

(34) As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the ends of rivet 9 are exposed above the outer diameter of rods, 3, 4. While exposed ends are operative to secured rods 3, 4 together they also provide a potential vulnerability for attack by a portable angle grinder that might remove the deformation flanges 27 on either end of rivet 9. To that end, rivet 9 may also be set at or below the outer surface 31 of the connected rods, e.g., rods 4 and 5, in countersink boring 32.

(35) The outer diameter 28 of spacer 7 may be the same or substantially the same as the rod diameter 18. The rising edges 29 of washer 7 can present a sharp edge for users. First and/or second chamfers 30, 31 can be used to reduce incidents of cutting or snagging at edges 29 while also retaining the security and planar motion features of saddle washers 7 between connected rods.

(36) FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate additional details of lock 10. As shown, distal end 33 of lock body 35 extends through rod 5 and into countersink bore 32 where it is deformed in-situ to make enlarged end 34 that permanently holds lock body 35 to locking rod 5.

(37) Within lock body 35, locking member 36 is able to be removed vertically and axially from within lock body 35 by operation of a key (not shown) in keyhole 37 from a secured position 38 to an unsecured position (not shown). Locking member 36 also exhibits a distal pin that engages the transverse bore 14 of lockable rod 2 when in secured position 38 and disengages from rod 2 when moved axially within lock body 35 or removed completely from lock body 35. Secured bushings 40, 41 within lock body 35 are used to center and secured locking member 36 within lock body 35. Preferably, the external surface 42 of locking member 36 and the corresponding internal surfaces 43, 44 of bushings 40, 41 exhibit mating threads that allow locking member 36 to be threaded into and secured within lock body 35.

(38) FIGS. 16-18 illustrate the optional use of a security washer 45 between opposing saddle washers 7. Preferably, at least one security washer is used in the antitheft device according to the invention and even more preferably a security washer is used at each joint connection in the device. Security washer 45 preferably exhibits a shaped radial edge 46, such as counter-sloping sections 47, 48 that meet in an acute or obtuse angle 49 at substantially the vertical mid-point 50 of the height of security washer 45. Such a profile shape makes it more difficult for a blade or saw edge to attack the joint at the intersection of the opposing saddle washers 7. The inner area 51 of security washer 45 preferably has opposing countersink portions 52 to receive saddle washers 7 and centered on a central bore 53 for passing rivet 9 therethrough.

(39) The foregoing illustrations and descriptions are not intended to serve as limitations on the scope of the appended claims.

(40) Each of the patents and published applications that have been cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference.