Apparatus and method for measuring internal ohmic resistance of fuel cell system

Abstract

An apparatus and a method for measuring the internal ohmic resistance of a fuel cell system, in which the resistance can be easily measured through a current interruption method even while the fuel cell system is operated. An interrupter and an external energy consumption device are connected in parallel to each other between a fuel cell and a main energy consumption device such that current to the external energy consumption device is applied and interrupted by switching the interrupter on/off even while the fuel cell system is maintained in operation as is, thereby making it possible to easily measure the internal ohmic resistance of the fuel cell.

Claims

1. An apparatus for measuring an internal ohmic resistance of a fuel cell system, the apparatus consisting essentially of: a fuel cell connected to a main energy consumption device to apply a current to the main energy consumption device; a voltage measurement device connected to the fuel cell; and an interrupter and an external energy consumption device that are connected in series to each other, wherein only the interrupter and the external energy consumption device are connected to the fuel cell and the main energy consumption device between the fuel cell and the main energy consumption device, and wherein the external energy consumption device is formed with one of a resistor, a heater, a battery, or a capacitor, which consumes energy of the fuel cell.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interrupter comprises at least one of a switch, a relay, and an Insulated Gate Bipolar mode Transistor (IGBT), which interrupts current.

3. An apparatus for measuring an internal ohmic resistance of a fuel cell system, the apparatus comprising: a fuel cell connected to a main energy consumption device to apply a current to the main energy consumption device; a voltage measurement device connected to the fuel cell; and an interrupter and an external energy consumption device that are connected in series to each other, wherein only the interrupter and the external energy consumption device are connected to the fuel cell and the main energy consumption device between the fuel cell and the main energy consumption device, and wherein the apparatus for measuring an internal ohmic resistance of a fuel cell system includes a controller, and the controller is programmed to calculate the internal ohmic resistance R.sub.ohmic through Equation 1, by measuring amounts of variation in the applied current and the applied voltage of the fuel cell for the external energy consumption device,
R.sub.ohmic=Del_V/(I.sub.afterI.sub.before),Equation 1: where Del_V=(V.sub.afterV.sub.before) is a difference value between the applied voltage V.sub.after of the fuel cell in the on-state of the interrupter and the applied voltage V.sub.before of the fuel cell in the off-state of the interrupter, and (I.sub.afterI.sub.before) is a difference value between the applied current I.sub.after of the fuel cell in the on-state of the interrupter and the applied current I.sub.before of the fuel cell in the off-state of the interrupter.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The above and other features of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to certain exemplary embodiments thereof illustrated the accompanying drawings which are given hereinbelow by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a view showing a configuration of an apparatus for measuring an internal ohmic resistance of a fuel cell system according to related art;

(3) FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a fuel cell;

(4) FIG. 3 is a view showing a configuration of an apparatus for measuring an internal ohmic resistance of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

(5) FIG. 4 is a graph showing a variation in an applied voltage of a fuel cell depending on time, in a case of measuring an internal ohmic resistance of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

(6) FIG. 5 is a graph showing ohmic resistances measured through methods according to the related art and the present teaching;

(7) FIG. 6 is a graph showing that ohmic resistances measured through methods according to the related art and the present teaching are increased depending on a deterioration degree of a fuel cell; and

(8) FIG. 7 is a graph showing that an ohmic resistance measured through a method according to an embodiment of the present invention is varied depending on relative humidity of a fuel cell.

(9) It should be understood that the appended drawings are not necessarily to scale, presenting a somewhat simplified representation of various preferred features illustrative of the basic principles of the invention. The specific design features of the present invention as disclosed herein, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and shapes will be determined in part by the particular intended application and use environment.

(10) In the figures, reference numbers refer to the same or equivalent parts of the present invention throughout the several figures of the drawing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(11) Hereinafter, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can easily carry out the invention.

(12) The present invention is advantageous in that it enables the internal ohmic resistance of a fuel cell to be easily measured by using the current interruption method without stopping the operation of a fuel cell system.

(13) To this end, as shown in FIG. 3, an interrupter 16 and an external energy consumption device 18 are connected in parallel to each other between a fuel cell 10 and a main energy consumption device 12, such that the fuel cell 10 is connected to the main energy consumption device 12 (for example, a driving motor of a fuel cell vehicle, or various electrical loads) and a current can be applied; and a separate voltage measurement device is connected to the fuel cell 10.

(14) The external energy consumption device 18 may preferably include any one or more selected from a resistor separately employed for the fuel cell system, a heater for the fuel cell system, and a battery and a capacitor for charging a generated current of the fuel cell system. In addition, the external energy consumption device 18 may include any device capable of consuming current supplied by the fuel cell.

(15) Further, the interrupter 16 may include any one or more selected from an on/off switch, a relay, and an Insulated Gate Bipolar mode Transistor (IGBT). In addition, the interrupter 16 may include any unit for interrupting or applying an electrical signal.

(16) Here, a method of measuring the internal ohmic resistance of a fuel cell system based on the above-described configuration will be described below.

(17) When the interrupter 16 and the external energy consumption device 18 are connected in parallel to each other to a line through which the fuel cell 10 and the main energy consumption device 12 are directly connected to each other, current is normally applied from the fuel cell 10 to the main energy consumption device 18, and the fuel cell system is normally operated.

(18) When measuring the internal ohmic resistance of the fuel cell while the fuel cell is being operated, the interrupter 16 is first switched on such that current is applied from the fuel cell 10 to the external energy consumption device 18, such that the external energy consumption device 18 as well as the main energy consumption device 12 consumes the current applied from the fuel cell.

(19) At this time, since current and voltage are simultaneously applied by the fuel cell to the main energy consumption device 12 and the external energy consumption device 18 with the interrupter 16 switched on, the current of the fuel cell is changed from an applied current I.sub.before of the fuel cell, which is applied only to the main energy consumption device before the interrupter is switched on, to an applied current I.sub.after larger than the applied current V.sub.before. Further, the voltage of the fuel cell is changed from an applied voltage V.sub.before of the fuel cell, which is applied only to the main energy consumption device before the interrupter is switched on, to an applied voltage V.sub.after smaller than the applied voltage V.sub.before.

(20) When a predetermined period of time (several microseconds to several seconds) passes after the interrupter 16 is switched on, the interrupter 16 is instantly switched off to interrupt the current of the fuel cell applied to the external energy consumption device 18.

(21) At this time, as the current to the external energy consumption device 18 is interrupted, the current of the fuel cell is again changed from the applied current I.sub.after to the original applied current I.sub.before, and the voltage of the fuel cell is also again changed from the applied voltage V.sub.after to the original applied voltage V.sub.before.

(22) When the interrupter 16 is switched from the on-state to the off-state, the applied voltage of the fuel cell instantly increases as indicated by Del_V of FIG. 4.

(23) As the interrupter 16 is switched on and off, the internal ohmic resistance R.sub.ohmic may be calculated through Equation 2, by measuring amounts of variation in the applied current and the applied voltage of the fuel cell 10 for the external energy consumption device 18.
R.sub.ohmic=Del_V/(I.sub.afterI.sub.before)Equation 2:

(24) That is, the internal ohmic resistance of the fuel cell is calculated by dividing a difference value (V.sub.afterV.sub.before=Del_V) between the applied voltage V.sub.after of the fuel cell in the on-state of the interrupter and the applied voltage V.sub.before of the fuel cell in the off-state of the interrupter by a difference value (I.sub.afterI.sub.before) between the applied current I.sub.after of the fuel cell in the on-state of the interrupter and the applied current I.sub.before of the fuel cell in the off-state of the interrupter.

(25) In this way, the interrupter 16 and the external energy consumption device 18 are connected in parallel to each other between the fuel cell 10 and the main energy consumption device 12 so that the internal ohmic resistance of the fuel cell can be easily measured by using the current interruption method even while the fuel cell system is continuously operated without stopping.

(26) FIG. 5 is a graph showing ohmic resistances measured through the current interruption method and the alternating current impedance method according to the related art and the current interruption method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(27) As shown in FIG. 5, in the entire current area, the ohmic resistances measured through the current interruption method according to the related art and the current interruption method according to the present invention are similar to those measured through the alternating current impedance method, which is a general basis, according to the related art, which proves that the internal ohmic resistance of the fuel cell can be easily measured even while the fuel cell system is operated.

(28) FIG. 6 is a graph showing that ohmic resistances measured through methods according to the related art and the present invention are increased depending on degree of deterioration of a fuel cell.

(29) As shown in FIG. 6, the internal ohmic resistance of the fuel cell increases as deterioration of the fuel cell progresses, and an increasing rate of the internal ohmic resistance according to increase in fuel cell deterioration measured by existing expensive equipment for measuring alternating current impedance is similar to an increasing rate of the internal ohmic resistance measured by using the current interruption method according to the present invention.

(30) Accordingly, the degree of deterioration of the fuel cell is indirectly determined by measuring the internal ohmic resistance of the fuel cell through the current interruption method according to the present invention, so that a reference point that can optimize an operation condition of the fuel cell can be apprehended.

(31) FIG. 7 is a graph showing that ohmic resistance measured by a method according to the present invention is varied depending on a relative humidity of a fuel cell.

(32) As shown in FIG. 7, the higher the relative humidity of the membrane electrolyte assembly in the fuel cell, the smaller the internal ohmic resistance of the fuel cell. Thus, it can be seen that the higher the relative humidity, the smaller the ohmic resistance measured by using the current interruption method according to the present invention.

(33) Thus, according to the related art, water moisture content of the membrane electrolyte assembly of the fuel cell is indirectly predicted by measuring the relative humidity of air. However, since it is possible to directly know the internal water moisture content of the fuel cell by measuring the ohmic resistance using the current interruption method according to the present invention, the present invention can be utilized as a standard of driving logic when the fuel cell vehicle is driven.

(34) The invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments thereof. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.