Dispersion, gel and emulsification system

Abstract

A dispersion which contains particles of a carboxylic acid polymer dispersed in an organic medium containing an emollient ester and/or a non-ionic surfactant. The dispersion can be used to form a gel composition by mixing with a water miscible emollient ester and optionally water. The dispersion and gel can be used to form an emulsification system. The dispersion, gel and emulsification system are suitable for use in forming end-use emulsions, preferably at low temperature and low shear, and in particular, emulsions having a high oil phase concentration. The emulsions can be used in a wide range of applications, including personal care, household and industrial.

Claims

1. A dispersion of polymer particles, consisting of greater than 5% by weight of high molecular weight polycarboxy or polycarboxylic acid polymer particles having a molecular weight of greater than 10,000 and no more than 3,000,000 dispersed in an organic medium having a non-ionic surfactant and 8 wt. % to 18 wt. % of a propoxylated ester having a Hansen and Beerbower solubility parameter in the range of 15 to 25; wherein the dispersion consists of the polycarboxy or polycarboxylic acid polymer particles, the non-ionic surfactant, and the propoxylated ester.

2. The dispersion of polymer particles according to claim 1, comprising 25 wt. % to 50 wt. % of the high molecular weight polycarboxy or polycarboxylic acid polymer particles.

3. The dispersion of polymer particles according to claim 1, comprising 20-80 wt. % of the organic medium, said organic medium having dispersed therein greater than 10 wt. % of the high molecular weight polycarboxy or polycarboxylic acid polymer particles, each amount based on the total weight of the dispersion.

4. The dispersion of claim 1, wherein: i) the propoxylated ester is di-PPG-3 myristyl ether adipate or tri-PPG-3 myristyl ether citrate; and/or ii) the non-ionic surfactant is a sorbitan ester.

5. The dispersion of claim 1, wherein the polycarboxy or polycarboxylic acid polymer particles are not neutralized.

6. The dispersion of claim 5, comprising 30 wt. % to 50 wt. % of said high molecular weight polycarboxy or polycarboxylic acid polymer particles.

Description

EXAMPLES

Example 1

(1) A dispersion was made by mixing, using a propeller stirrer at ambient temperature, the following ingredients:

(2) 10.8% by weight of CRILL 6 (sorbitan isostearate, ex Croda);

(3) 38.4% by weight of CRODAMOL GTCC (caprylic/capric triglyceride, ex Croda);

(4) 10.8% by weight of CROMOLLIENT TMC (tri-PPG-3 myristyl ether citrate, ex Croda; and

(5) 40% by weight of OPTASENSE G40 CARBOMER (polyacrylic acid, ex Croda).

(6) The liquid phase ingredients were initially mixed together, and then the carboxylic acid polymer (Optasense G40) which is in powder form, was slowly introduced with continued stirring until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained.

Example 2

(7) Amounts of the dispersion made in Example 1 between 0.1 to 2.5% by weight were stirred into water, and the aqueous dispersions were then neutralised to pH 6.5 by adding triethanolamine. The resultant aqueous compositions varied from watery, only slightly thickened compositions to very thick, hard gels as the amount of dispersion therein increased.

Example 3

(8) The dispersion made in Example 1 was used (at amounts between 0.3 to 0.5% by weight) in combination with silicone oil, Glycerox HE (at amounts between 0.5 to 2.5% by weight) (PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate (ex Croda)), triethanolamine and water to make stable silicone emulsions in which the amount of silicone present varied from 10 to 90% by weight.

Example 4

(9) A dispersion was made as described in Example 1 except that the following ingredients were used:

(10) 7% by weight of CRILL 1 (sorbitan cocoate, ex erode);

(11) 49% by weight of CRODAMOL GTCC (caprylic/capric triglyceride, ex Croda);

(12) 14% by weight of CROMOLLIENT TMC (tri-PPG-3 myristyl ether citrate, ex Croda); and

(13) 30% by weight of OPTASENSE G40 CARBOMER (polyacrylic acid, ex Croda).

(14) A gel composition was made by mixing the 18.5% by weight of the dispersion with 9.3% by weight of Crill 4 (sorbitan oleate, ex Croda), 64.8% by weight of Glycerox HE (PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate (ex Croda)), and 7.4% by weight of water.

Example 5

(15) A gel composition was made by mixing 5% by weight of the dispersion made in Example 4 with 68% by weight of Glycerox HE (PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate (ex Croda), and 27% by weight of water.

Example 6

(16) End-use formulation silicone emulsions containing up to 90% by weight of silicone were made using the gel composition made in Example 4, and the dispersion made in Example 1. The emulsions were made using the ingredients shown in Table 1.

(17) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 (% by (% by (% by (% by Ingredient weight) weight) weight) weight) Silicone 10 30 50 90 Gel composition 0.75 1.5 2.6 3.65 Dispersion 0.25 0.4 0.37 Water 89 68.1 47.03 6.35 Triethanolamine qs qs qs qs Total 100 100 100 100

(18) The silicone was premixed with the gel composition and the dispersion. This mixture was then slowly added to water with high speed stirring. The pH of the resultant formulation was adjusted to 6 to 7 using the triethanolamine.

(19) In respect of Sample 1, the amounts of gel composition and dispersion used are applicable for low to medium viscosity silicones. If the silicone has a high viscosity, for example around 60,000 cst, the amounts of those components may be adjusted to 1.5% for the gel, and 0.225% for the stable dispersion. The adjustment for Sample 2 is 2.95% gel, and 0.35% dispersion. Formulations containing the higher amounts of silicone can be made using only the low to medium viscosity silicones.

(20) The emulsions formed can be used as is, or easily added and mixed at room temperature in bases for car polishes, tyre shine products, shoe polish, furniture polish, antifoam products, conditioning shampoos, creams and lotions.

Example 7

(21) A wax-containing end-use formulation emulsion was made using the gel composition made in Example 4. The emulsion was made using the ingredients shown in Table 2.

(22) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Ingredient % by weight Syncrowax HGLC (C.sub.18-C.sub.35 acid triglyceride wax, 30 ex Croda) Gel composition 2.5 Water 67.5 Triethanolamine qs Total 100

(23) The wax was melted and the gel composition was added and mixed into it. The dispersion was dispersed in water and heated to 80 C. This mixture was then slowly added to the wax/gel mixture with further mixing taking place. The pH of the resultant formulation was adjusted to 6 to 7 using the triethanolamine and it was then cooled to ambient temperature.

Example 8

(24) A thick cream tyre dressing end-use formulation emulsion was made using the gel composition made in Example 4 and the dispersion made in Example 1. The emulsion was made using the ingredients shown in Table 3.

(25) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Ingredient % by weight Silicone fluid, 350 cst 2.5 Silicone fluid, 60000 cst 5 Gel composition 1.75 Propylene glycol 1 Water 91.5 Triethanolamine qs Preservative qs Total 100

(26) The silicones, propylene glycol, gel composition and the dispersion were cold mixed. This mixture was then slowly added to the water with further mixing taking place. The pH of the resultant formulation was adjusted to 6 to 7 using the triethanolamine and was then cooled to ambient temperature. The formulation, when applied to tyres will provide premium shine.

Example 9

(27) A black shoe polish end-use formulation emulsion was made using the gel composition made in Example 4 and the dispersion made in Example 1. The emulsion was made using the ingredients shown in Table 4.

(28) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Ingredient % by weight Syncrowax HGLC (C.sub.18-C.sub.35 acid triglyceride wax, 6 ex Croda) Syncrowax ERLC (C.sub.18-C.sub.35 acid glycol ester wax, 2.6 ex Croda) Paraffin wax 8 Gel composition 2.75 Water 80.65 Triethanolamine qs Black colourant qs Total 100

(29) The waxes were melted and the gel composition was added and mixed into them. The dispersion was dispersed in water and heated to 90 C. This mixture was then slowly added to the wax/gel mixture with further mixing taking place. The pH of the resultant formulation was adjusted to neutral using the triethanolamine and it was then cooled to ambient temperature. The formulation, when applied to tyres will provide premium shine and black colour.

Example 10

(30) A high gloss, cream car wax end-use formulation emulsion was made using the gel composition made in Example 1 and the dispersion made in Example 1. The emulsion was made using the ingredients shown in Table 5.

(31) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Ingredient % by weight Silicone fluid, 350 cst 4 Silicone fluid, 12500 cst 2 Silicone fluid, 60000 cst 1 Syncrowax HGLC (C.sub.18-C.sub.36 acid triglyceride wax, 4 ex Croda) Gel composition 2.75 Water 86.25 Triethanolamine qs Preservative qs Total 100

(32) The silicones, wax, gel composition and the dispersion were mixed and then heated to 90 C. The dispersion was dispersed in water and heated to about 90 C. This mixture was then slowly added to the wax/gel mixture with further mixing taking place. The pH of the resultant formulation was adjusted to 6 to 7 using the triethanolamine and it was then cooled to ambient temperature.

Example 11

(33) A solvent-free furniture polish end-use formulation emulsion was made using the gel composition made in Example 4 and the dispersion made in Example 1. The emulsion was made using the ingredients shown in Table 6.

(34) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Ingredient % by weight Silicone fluid, 350 cst 2 Silicone fluid, 60000 cst 1 Syncrowax ERLC (C.sub.18-C.sub.36 acid glycol ester wax, 4 ex Croda) Gel composition 2.25 Water 90.75 Triethanolamine qs Preservative qs Total 100

(35) The silicones, wax, gel composition and the dispersion were mixed and then heated to 90 C. The dispersion was dispersed in water and heated to about 90 C. This mixture was then slowly added to the wax/gel mixture with further mixing taking place. The pH of the resultant formulation was adjusted to 6 to 7 using the triethanolamine and it was then cooled to ambient temperature.

Example 12

(36) A shoe wipe end-use formulation emulsion was made using the gel composition made in Example 4. The emulsion was made using the ingredients shown in Table 7.

(37) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Ingredient % by weight Silicone fluid, 350 cst 5 Silicone fluid, 12500 cst 5 Syncrowax HGLC (C.sub.18-C.sub.36 acid triglyceride wax, 3.3 ex Croda) Solan E (PEG-75 lanolin, ex Croda) 2 Gel composition 2 Water 82.7 Triethanolamine qs Preservative qs Total 100

(38) The silicones and the gel composition were cold mixed. Water was slowly added to this mixture with further mixing taking place. The pH of the resultant formulation was adjusted to 6 to 7 using the triethanolamine.

Example 13

(39) A leather wipe end-use formulation emulsion was made using the gel composition made in Example 4. The emulsion was made using the ingredients shown in Table 8.

(40) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Ingredient % by weight Silicone fluid, 350 cst 3 Silicone fluid, 12500 cst 2 Solan E (PEG-75 lanolin, ex Croda) 3 Gel composition 1.5 Water 90.5 Triethanolamine qs Preservative qs Total 100

(41) The silicones and the gel composition were cold mixed. Water was slowly added to this mixture further mixing taking place. The pH of the resultant formulation was adjusted to 6 to 7 using the triethanolamine.

Example 14

(42) An antistatic furniture wipe end-use formulation emulsion was made using the gel composition made in Example 4. The emulsion was made using the ingredients shown in Table 9.

(43) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Ingredient % by weight Silicone fluid, 350 cst 2 Silicone fluid, 60000 cst 1 Syncrowax HGLC (C.sub.18-C.sub.36 acid triglyceride wax, 2 ex Croda) Crodastat 300(cationic antistatic agent, ex Croda) 0.3 Gel composition 1.6 Water 93.1 Triethanolamine qs Preservative qs Total 100

(44) The silicones and the gel composition were cold mixed. The wax and antistatic agent were then added to the mixture with further mixing. Water was slowly added to this mixture further mixing taking place. The pH of the resultant formulation was adjusted to 6 to 7 using the triethanolamine.

Example 15

(45) A number of wipe end-use formulations were made using the gel composition made in Example 4. The formulations were made using the % by weight of the ingredients shown in Table 10 for application to wipe substrates.

(46) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Ingredient A B C D E Gel composition 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Moist 24 (Imperata cylindrica 2.0 extract) MATRIXYL 3000 (Synthetic 2.0 pentapeptide, ex Sederma) Prostearyl 15 2.0 Petrolatum 3.0 Silicone 200 6.0 CRODAMOL GTCC (caprylic/ 5.0 5.0 2.0 capric triglyceride, ex Croda) Insect repellent Nova 5.0 PHENOVA (preservative 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 composition, ex Crodarom) Perfume 0.3 Water 92.5 92.5 87.5 80.5 87.2 Triethanolamine qs qs qs qs qs Total 100 100 100 100 100

(47) The wipe formulations are identified as follows:

(48) A=facial moisturising wipe, B=facial anti-wrinkle wipe, C=facial make-up remover wipe, D=baby wipe, and E=mosquito repellent wipe.

Example 16

(49) An emulsification system according to the present invention was prepared using the dispersion made in Example 4 together with the ingredients shown in Table 11, and in the proportions shown therein.

(50) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Ingredient Weight % CRODAMOL GTCC (caprylic/capric triglyceride, 36 ex Croda) CITHROL EGMS 3127 (glycol stearate, ex Croda) 12 CITHROL GMS 0400 (glyceryl stearate, ex Croda) 3 VOLPO S2 (steareth-2, ex Croda) 3 VOLPO S20 (steareth-20, ex Croda) 3 Dispersion 3 GLYCEROX HE (PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, ex Croda) 10 Water 30

(51) The CRODAMOL GTCC (caprylic/capric triglyceride, ex-Croda) was heated in a suitable vessel equipped with a paddle stirrer. The stirrer was operated throughout the preparation of the emulsification system. The temperature to which the oil was heated was a temperature of at least the highest melting point of the solid non-ionic surfactants, following which CITHROL EGMS 3127 (glycol stearate, ex Croda), CITHROL GMS 0400 (glyceryl stearate, ex Croda), VOLPO S2 (steareth-2, ex Croda) and VOLPO S20 (steareth-20, ex Croda) were added and homogeneously dispersed in the oil. The temperature of the mixture was then adjusted to about 40 to 45 C. The GLYCEROX HE (PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, ex Croda) was then added to the mixture. The temperature of the mixture was then adjusted to a maximum of 30 C., following which the dispersion of Example 4 was added. The mixture was mixed for a period to ensure the dispersion was homogeneously spread throughout the mixture to produce a smooth mixture. Water was then added to the vessel and mixed at a rate that avoids bubble formation. As the water was added, phase inversion occurred to form an oil-in-water emulsion. The emulsion was stable after 3 months at 43 C. and to three freeze-thaw cycles. The emulsification system was an easy to handle light white paste.

Example 17

(52) A hydrating end-use formulation was prepared using the emulsification system made in Example 16, and the ingredients are shown in Table 12.

(53) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Ingredient Weight % Emulsification system 15 PHENOVA (preservative composition, 0.5 ex Crodarom) Water - deionised 84.5 Triethanolamine qs Total 100

(54) The water and preservative were added slowly to the emulsification system with moderate mixing until homogeneous. The mixture was then mixed for a further 15 minutes minimum at a high rate, but without causing aeration. The final pH of the formulation was adjusted to 6 to 6.5. The emulsion was mixed until homogeneous. The final formulation had a viscosity of 15,000 cPs and was stable after 3 months at 43 C. and to three freeze-thaw cycles. The formulation was light to the touch, and easily absorbed on the skin leaving a light, non-tacky feel.

Example 18

(55) A barrier cream end-use formulation was prepared using lanolin and the emulsification system made in Example 16, and the ingredients are shown in Table 13.

(56) TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Ingredient Weight % Emulsification system 30 PHENOVA (preservative composition, ex Crodarom) 0.5 MEDILAN (lanolin, ex Croda) 10 CRODURET 7 (PEG-7 hydrogenated caster oil, 2 ex-Croda) Water - deionised and slightly alkaline 57.5 Triethanolamine qs Total 100

(57) The ethoxylated castor oil, preservative and lanolin were added to the emulsification system and mixed until homogeneous and emulsified. A coarse water-in-oil emulsion was formed. Water was then added slowly with mixing at moderate to high speed until all the water had been emulsified. The emulsion inverted to a smooth and shiny oil-in-water emulsion. The final pH of the formulation was adjusted to 6 to 6.5. The emulsion was mixed until homogeneous. The final formulation had a viscosity of 44,000 cPs and was stable after 3 months at 43 C. and to three freeze-thaw cycles. The formulation did not have the greasiness and tackiness normally associated with lanolin formulations.

Example 19

(58) A cleansing milk make-up remover end-use formulation was prepared using the emulsification system made in Example 16, and the ingredients are shown in Table 14.

(59) TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Ingredient Weight % Emulsification system 15 PHENOVA (preservative composition, 0.5 ex Crodarom) CRODAMOL PMP (PPG-2 myristyl ether 5 propionate, ex Croda). Glycerin 5 Mineral oil 2 Cyclomethicone 1.5 Water - deionised qs to 100 Triethanolamine qs Total 100

(60) The ingredients were added slowly to the emulsification system with moderate mixing until homogeneous and emulsified. The mixture was then mixed for a further 15 minutes minimum at a high rate, but without causing aeration. The final pH of the formulation was adjusted to 6 to 6.5. The emulsion was mixed until homogeneous. The final formulation had a viscosity of 11,000 cPs and was stable after 3 months at 43 C. and to three freeze-thaw cycles. The formulation easily wiped out water-resistant make up without leaving a greasy after-feel.

Example 20

(61) A hair conditioner end-use formulation was prepared using the emulsification system made in Example 18, the dispersion made in Example 1, and the ingredients are shown in Table 15.

(62) TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Ingredient Weight % Emulsification system 15 PHENOVA (preservative composition, ex 0.5 Crodarom) Dimethiconol 0.5 Water - deionised (pH 8 to 8.5 neutralised with NaOH) qs to 100 LUSTREPLEX (polyquaternium-70 dipropylene 2 glycol, ex Croda) OPTASENSE CP7 (cationic polymer, ex Croda) 2 Dispersion 0.55 Total 100

(63) The dimethiconol, water and preservative were added slowly to the emulsification system with moderate mixing until homogeneous and emulsified. The pH of the mixture was then adjusted to about 7.5. The polyquarternium and the cationic polymer were then added with mixing. The dispersion from Example 1 was then added with mixing until homogeneous. The final pH of the formulation was adjusted to 5.5 to 6. The emulsion was mixed until homogeneous. The final formulation had a viscosity of 32,000 cPs and was stable after 3 months at 43 C. and to three freeze-thaw cycles. The formulation produced a light-weight hair conditioner with outstanding shine, compatibility and smoothness, providing hair with volume and manageability.

Example 21

(64) A whitening lotion with sunscreen protection end-use formulation was prepared using the emulsification system made in Example 16, and the ingredients are shown in Table 16.

(65) TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Ingredient Weight % Emulsification system 15 PHENOVA (preservative composition, ex 0.5 Crodarom) LUMISKIN (diacetyl boldine in caprylic/capric 1 triglycerides, ex Sederma) Menthyl anthranilate 5 Octocrylene 8 Octyl salicylate 5 Octyl methoxycinnamate 7.5 Perfume 0.2 Water - deionised qs to 100 Triethanolamine qs Total 100

(66) The ingredients, apart from the triethanolamine, were added slowly to the emulsification system according to the invention with moderate mixing until homogeneous. The mixture was then mixed for a further 15 minutes minimum at a high rate, but without causing aeration. The final pH of the formulation was adjusted to 6 to 6.5. The emulsion was mixed until homogeneous. The final formulation had a viscosity of 16,000 cPs and was stable after 3 months at 43 C. and to three freeze-thaw cycles. The formulation was unusually light and easily absorbed while leaving a soft cushiony feel on the skin.

Example 22

(67) A night renewal moisturiser end-use formulation for mature skins was prepared using the emulsification system made in Example 16, and the ingredients are shown in Table 17.

(68) TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Ingredient Weight % Emulsification system 20 PHENOVA (preservative composition, ex Crodarom) 0.5 CRODAMOL TN (tridecyl isononanate, ex Croda) 5 CRODAMOL AB (C.sub.12 to C.sub.15 alkyl benzoate, ex-Croda) 2 CRODADERM S (sucrose polysoyate, ex-Croda) 0.5 SUPERMOL S (pentaerythrityl stearate/caprate/ 1 caprylate/adipate, ex-Croda) CHRONODYN (Euglena gracilis extract in glycerine, 3 ex-Sederma) (skin energiser) Perfume 0.2 Moist 24 (Imperata cylindrica extract) 1 Vitamin E WS 0.1 Water - deionised qs to 100 Triethanolamine qs Total 100

(69) The ingredients, except for triethanolamine, were added slowly to the emulsification system with moderate mixing until homogeneous and emulsified. The mixture was then mixed for a further 15 minutes minimum at a high rate, but without causing aeration. The final pH of the formulation was adjusted to 6 to 6.5. The emulsion was mixed until homogeneous. The final formulation had a viscosity of 22,000 cPs and was stable after 3 months at 43 C. and to three freeze-thaw cycles.

Example 23

(70) A thick cream base end-use formulation was prepared using the emulsification system made in Example 16, and the ingredients are shown in Table 18.

(71) TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Ingredient Weight % Emulsification system 35 PHENOVA (preservative composition, ex Crodarom) 0.5 CRODAMOL STS (PPG-3 benzyl ether myristate, 6 ex Croda) White petrolatum 3 Water - deionised qs to 100 Triethanolamine qs Total 100

(72) The ingredients, except the triethanolamine, were added slowly to the emulsification system with moderate mixing until homogeneous and emulsified. The mixture was then mixed for a further 15 minutes minimum at a high rate, but without causing aeration. The final pH of the formulation was adjusted to 6 to 6.5. The emulsion was mixed until homogeneous. The final formulation had a viscosity of 35,000 cPs and was stable after 3 months at 43 C. and to three freeze-thaw cycles.

Example 24

(73) An anti-acne cream end-use formulation was prepared using the emulsification system made in Example 16, and the ingredients are shown in Table 19.

(74) TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Ingredient Weight % Emulsification system 30 PHENOVA (preservative composition, ex 0.5 Crodarom) AC.NET (anti-acne treatment, ex Sederma) 3 Witchhazel distillate 0.1 White tea (ex Crodarom SAS) 0.1 Perfume 0.1 Water - deionised (pH 8-8.5) qs to 100 Triethanolamine qs Total 100

(75) Water was added slowly to the emulsification system with moderate mixing until homogeneous. The remaining ingredients, except for the triethanolamine, were added. The mixture was then mixed for a further 15 minutes minimum at a high rate, but without causing aeration. The final pH of the formulation was adjusted to 6 to 6.5. The emulsion was mixed until homogeneous. The formulation imparted a light, non-greasy feel and a smooth dry-down feel to skin. The anti-acne component, AC.Net, prevents excessive oil production, cell proliferation, inflammation and bacterial growth.

Example 25

(76) An intensive moisturising cream end-use formulation was prepared using the emulsification system made in Example 16, and the ingredients are shown in Table 20.

(77) TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Ingredient Weight % Emulsification system 30 PHENOVA (preservative composition, 0.5 ex Crodarom) Moist 24 (Imperata cylindrica extract) 3 VOLPO G26 (glycereth-26, ex Croda) 2 Perfume 0.1 Water - deionised qs to 100 Triethanolamine qs Total 100

(78) Water was added slowly to the emulsification system with moderate mixing until homogeneous. The remaining ingredients, except for the triethanolamine, were added. The mixture was then mixed for a further 15 minutes minimum at a high rate, but without causing aeration. The final pH of the formulation was adjusted to 6 to 6.5. The emulsion was mixed until homogeneous. The formulation provided long-lasting moisturizing effect to the skin with excellent aesthetics and sensory properties.

Example 26

(79) A skin restructuring age control cream end-use formulation was prepared using the emulsification system made in Example 16, and the ingredients are shown in Table 21.

(80) TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Ingredient Weight % Emulsification system 30 PHENOVA (preservative composition, 0.5 ex Crodarom) MATRIXYL 3000 (synthetic pentapeptide, 3 ex Sederma) CRODAMOL TN (tridecyl isononanate, ex Croda) 3 Perfume 0.1 Water - deionised qs to 100 Triethanolamine qs Total 100

(81) Water was added slowly to the emulsification system according to the invention with moderate mixing until homogeneous. The remaining ingredients, except for the triethanolamine, were added. The mixture was then mixed for a further 15 minutes minimum at a high rate, but without causing aeration. The final pH of the formulation was adjusted to 6 to 6.5. The emulsion was mixed until homogeneous. The formulation provided a vehicle for delivery of the synthetic pentapeptide active with excellent aesthetics and sensory properties.

Example 27

(82) A dispersion was made by mixing, using a propeller stirrer at ambient temperature, the following ingredients: 7% by weight of Crester PR (polyglyceryl-3 polyricinoleate, ex Croda);

(83) 49% by weight of CRODAMOL GTCC (caprylic/capric triglyceride, ex Croda);

(84) 14% by weight of CRODAMOLLIENT TMC (tri-PPG-3 myristyl ether citrate, ex Croda; and 30% by weight of Acrylates\C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer.

(85) The liquid phase ingredients were initially mixed together, and then the carboxylic acid polymer, which is in powder form, was slowly introduced with continued stirring until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained.

(86) A gel composition was made by mixing 16% by weight of the dispersion with 9.3% by weight of Crill 4 (sorbitan oleate, ex Croda), 67.3% by weight of Glycerox HE (PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate (ex Croda)), and 7.4% by weight of water.

Example 28

(87) A dispersion and gel were made as described in Example 27 except that light mineral oil was used instead of caprylic/capric triglyceride.

Example 29

(88) The dispersions and gels produced in Examples 27 and 28 were particularly suitable for use in thickening surfactant-based formulations such as shampoos and body washes, and in foaming emulsions. One particular use is as part of an emulsifier system for explosives as shown in Table 22.

(89) TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Ingredient Weight % Gel composition 26.7 Crill 4 (sorbitan oleate, ex Croda) 66.7 Oleic acid 6.6 Total 100

(90) It is to be noted that the end-use formulations described herein were all prepared using cold processing, i.e. at ambient temperature (23 C.).

(91) The above examples illustrate the improved properties of a dispersion, gel, emulsification system and emulsion according to the present invention.