Strip-shaped steel cord

Abstract

A steel cord is obtained by bundling five steel core wires, which are arrayed in parallel with one another in a plane, into a unitary body by means of an adhesive having a thickness Ad of less than 15 m. Each of the core wires-constituting the steel cord has a diameter d of less than 0.45 mm, and spacing Gd between the core wires is less than 20 m. The core wires used have a free coil diameter D that is greater than wire diameter d thereof by 750 times or more.

Claims

1. A strip-shaped steel cord in which multiple brass-plated steel core wires arrayed in parallel with one another are bundled with said parallel array being maintained intact, wherein: a wire diameter of each of said core wires is less than 0.45 mm; the surface thereof is coated with an adhesive to a thickness of less than 15 m and the multiple core wires are fixed together into a unitary body by said adhesive; a spacing between mutually adjacent core wires is less than 20 m; and free coil diameter of each of said core wires is greater than the wire diameter by 750 times or more.

2. A strip-shaped steel cord according to claim 1, wherein said wire diameter is equal to or greater than 0.15 mm and less than 0.45mm.

3. A belt layer for tires, said belt layer having embedded therein the strip-shaped steel cord set forth in claim 1.

4. A tire having the belt layer for tires set forth in claim 3.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged perspective view of a strip-shaped steel cord;

(2) FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the strip-shaped steel cord taken along line II-II of FIG. 1;

(3) FIG. 3 is a sectional view illustrating the internal structure of a tire for automobiles;

(4) FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a testing machine used in evaluating shape stability;

(5) FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a three-roll testing machine;

(6) FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a test piece in a three-roll test;

(7) FIG. 7 illustrates a point where amount of curvature is measured in a winding-kink evaluation test;

(8) FIG. 8A is a perspective view illustrating a composite sheet, which is used in a flatness evaluation test, from a top side;

(9) FIG. 8B is a perspective view illustrating the composite sheet, which is used in the flatness evaluation test, from a bottom side;

(10) FIG. 9 is a graph relating to evaluation of shape stability;

(11) FIG. 10 is a graph relating to evaluation of rubber adhesion;

(12) FIG. 11 is a graph relating to sheet flatness; and

(13) FIG. 12 is a graph relating to evaluation of winding kink.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

(14) FIG. 1, which illustrates an embodiment of the present invention, is a partially enlarged perspective view of a strip-shaped steel cord 1. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1.

(15) The strip-shaped steel cord 1 has five core wires 2 arrayed in parallel with one another in a plane, and an adhesive (adhesive layer) 3 which fixes the five core wires 2 into a unitary body and maintains the parallel array thereof. The core wires 2 are made of steel and contain carbon and iron. The adhesive 3 is rubber-based and has styrene-butadiene, nitrile, chloroprene or the like as its main ingredient.

(16) Each of the core wires 2 constituting the strip-shaped steel cord 1 has a circular cross section with use being made of wire having a wire diameter (the cross-sectional diameter of the core wire 2) of 0.15 to 0.45 mm. For example, the core wire 2 is fabricated by subjecting piano wire having a wire diameter of 5.50 mm to dry wire drawing and heat treatment a required number of times, brass-plating the wire and then performing wet wire drawing in the order mentioned. The five core wires are arranged in parallel with one another in a plane without being twisted, are coated with the adhesive 3 and shaped to thereby produce the strip-shaped steel cord 1. Thickness Ad of the applied adhesive 3 is made less than 15 m. If wire diameter d of the core wire 2 is 0.20 mm, for example, the width of the steel cord 1 will be about 1.00 mm. It should be understood that the perspective view of the strip-shaped steel cord 1 shown in FIG. 1 and the sectional view shown in FIG. 2 are illustrated in considerably enlarged form.

(17) With reference to FIG. 2, there is a minute spacing Gd between the five adjacent core wires 2 constituting the strip-shaped steel cord 1, and the adhesive 3 is present in the gaps Gd as well. It should be noted that the adjacent core wires 2 may be made to contact each other along the longitudinal direction (in which case the spacing Gd between the mutually adjacent core wires would be 0). The spacing Gd between the mutually adjacent core wires is made less than 20 m, as will be described later. In any case, the five core wires 2 constituting the strip-shaped steel cord 1 are fixed and united into a whole by the adhesive 3, enabling the parallel array to be stably maintained.

(18) After the adhesive 3 hardens, the strip-shaped steel cord 1 is wound upon a reel and shipped to an automobile tire factory or the like.

(19) FIG. 3 is a sectional view illustrating the structure of an automobile tire 10. The automobile tire 10 has a carcass 12 that will form the skeletal frame of the tire 10, annular beads situated at both ends of the carcass 12, and a tread portion 14 situated on the outermost layer of the automobile tire 10. Two belt layers 11a, 11b are situated between the carcass 12 and tread portion 14. The strip-shaped steel cord 1 is used upon being embedded in the belt layers 11a, 11b. The carcass 12 is tightened by the belt layers 11a, 11b, whereby the rigidity of the tire 10 is enhanced. Further, the belt layers 11a, 11b alleviate impact from the road surface and also prevent external damage from directly reaching the carcass 12.

(20) The strip-shaped steel cord 1 described above was subjected to an evaluation test from a variety of standpoints. The evaluation test will be described in detail below.

(21) Table 1 illustrates results of the evaluation test. Strip-shaped steel cords of multiple types obtained by making various changes in parameters (structure) described below were fabricated and each strip-shaped steel cord was subjected to the evaluation test.

(22) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 WIRE FREE COIL WIRE ADHESIVE WRAPPING DIAMETER d DIAMETER D D/d SPACING THICKNESS COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 STEEL 0.2 mm 200 mm 1000 3 m COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 PA66 0.2 200 1000 5 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3 PET 0.2 200 1000 6 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4 0.2 100 500 15 10 m COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5 0.2 100 500 15 20 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 6 0.2 100 500 20 10 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 7 0.2 100 500 20 20 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 8 0.2 140 700 15 10 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 9 0.2 150 750 20 20 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 10 0.2 200 1000 15 15 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 11 0.2 200 1000 15 20 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 12 0.2 200 1000 20 10 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13 0.2 200 1000 25 10 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 14 0.3 210 700 5 13 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 15 0.3 240 800 5 18 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 16 0.3 330 1100 15 20 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 17 0.3 330 1100 20 13 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 18 0.4 280 700 10 13 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 19 0.4 300 750 10 15 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 20 0.4 480 1200 15 20 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 21 0.4 480 1200 20 20 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 22 0.47 400 851 15 10 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 23 0.47 500 1064 15 15 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 24 0.47 500 1064 20 15 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 25 0.5 350 700 20 10 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 26 0.5 400 800 20 15 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 27 0.5 500 1000 15 10 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 28 0.5 550 1100 15 15 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 29 0.5 550 1100 20 15 EMBODIMENT 1 0.15 200 1333 15 10 EMBODIMENT 2 0.2 150 750 15 10 EMBODIMENT 3 0.2 160 800 15 10 EMBODIMENT 4 0.2 200 1000 15 10 EMBODIMENT 5 0.2 200 1000 15 13 EMBODIMENT 6 0.2 200 1000 15 14 EMBODIMENT 7 0.2 200 1000 18 10 EMBODIMENT 8 0.2 200 1000 19 10 EMBODIMENT 9 0.3 300 1000 15 10 EMBODIMENT 10 0.4 400 1000 15 10 EMBODIMENT 11 0.45 340 756 15 10 EMBODIMENT 12 0.45 400 889 15 10 SHAPE RUBBER FRETTING STABILITY ADHESION DURABILITY RESISTANCE AH H COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 100 X 12 mm 0 mm COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 X 105 14 0 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3 X 103 14 0 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4 X 112 47 9 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5 X X 112 47 9 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 6 X 111 48 9 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 7 X X 111 47 9 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 8 X 113 40 6 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 9 X X 112 31 3 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 10 X 114 15 1 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 11 X 113 15 1 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 12 X 112 16 1 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13 X 110 16 1 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 14 X 114 41 6 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 15 X 115 31 3 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 16 X 113 22 1 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 17 X 112 23 1 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 18 X 112 44 7 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 19 X 115 36 4 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 20 X 114 28 1 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 21 X X 112 28 1 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 22 115 50 10 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 23 X 115 49 10 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 24 X X 114 49 10 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 25 X 113 54 17 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 26 X X 113 53 15 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 27 116 52 14 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 28 X 115 52 14 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 29 X X 113 52 14 EMBODIMENT 1 109 8 0 EMBODIMENT 2 113 31 3 EMBODIMENT 3 112 27 2 EMBODIMENT 4 113 15 1 EMBODIMENT 5 115 15 1 EMBODIMENT 6 113 15 1 EMBODIMENT 7 112 16 1 EMBODIMENT 8 111 16 1 EMBODIMENT 9 116 24 1 EMBODIMENT 10 116 34 2 EMBODIMENT 11 114 39 5 EMBODIMENT 12 114 39 5

(23) (1) Presence or Absence of Wrapping Wire

(24) Samples of strip-shaped steel cords were fabricated, these being obtained by winding a wrapping wire helically about the periphery of five core wires 2 to unit the wires in the manner of the prior art (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-149929) rather than uniting them by the adhesive 3 (Comparative Examples 1 to 3). A steel wrapping wire was used in Comparative Example 1, a PA66 (polyamide 66) wrapping wire in Comparative Example 2, and a PET (polyethylene-terephthalate) wrapping wire in Comparative Example 3. All samples other than Comparative Examples 1 to 3 (namely Comparative Examples 4 to 29 and Embodiments 1 to 12) were strip-shaped steel cords 1 (FIGS. 1 and 2) in which the five core wires 2 were united by the adhesive 3 without using wrapping wire.

(25) (2) Wire Diameter d

(26) Wire diameter is the wire diameter (cross-sectional diameter) of the core wire 2. The strip-shaped steel cords 1 were fabricated changing the wire diameter d of the core wire 2 (see FIG. 2) over a range of 0.15 to 0.5 mm.

(27) (3) Free Coil Diameter D

(28) Free coil diameter refers to the diameter of a coil (a ring-shaped configuration) that forms naturally in the absence of an acting external force when the wire is left at rest on a flat surface. The core wire 2 is fabricated through a wire drawing process, as described above, and develop kinks when passing through the die used in the drawing process. As a consequence, the core wire does not necessarily assume a linear shape when not being acted upon by an external force. The free coil diameter can be controlled by controlling the shape of the wire-drawing exit of the die and by adjusting the angle of the die. In the evaluation test, the free coil diameter was changed over a range of 100 to 550 mm.

(29) (4) Free Coil Diameter/Wire Diameter (D/d)

(30) This is a so-called spring index which, in this embodiment, is used to express the repulsive force of the core wire 2 (a force producing flexure and deviating away from the linear state) by a numerical value. This is a value obtained by dividing the above-mentioned free coil diameter D by the wire diameter d.

(31) (5) Wire Spacing

(32) This is the spacing Gd between mutually adjacent core wires 2 (see FIG. 2). In the evaluation test, the strip-shaped steel cords 1 were fabricated changing the wire spacing Gd over a range of 3 to 25 m.

(33) (6) Adhesive Thickness

(34) This is thickness Ad of the adhesive 3 applied to the surface of the core wires 2 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). The adhesive thickness was changed over a range of 10 to 20 m. The above-mentioned wire spacing Gd and adhesive thickness Ad were measured using sectional photographs obtained by enlarged imaging of the cross section of the fabricated strip-shaped steel cord 1.

(35) Table 1 illustrates six types of evaluation, namely SHAPE STABILITY, RUBBER ADHESION, DURABILITY, FRETTING RESISTANCE, AH (curling evaluation value) and H (sheet-flatness evaluation value).

(36) (A) Evaluation of Shape Stability

(37) The strip-shaped steel cord 1 is required to be one that can maintain its shape continuously until the rubber and the strip-shaped steel cord 1 are adhered together in a calendaring process. Evaluation of shape stability was carried out using a testing apparatus shown in FIG. 4. The testing apparatus includes a supply reel 4 for supplying the steel cord 1, a take-up reel 5 for taking up the steel cord 1, five upper-stage guide rolls 6 of diameter 50 mm provided at intervals on a straight line between the two reels 4 and 5, and five lower-stage guide rolls 7 of diameter 50 mm provided at intervals on a straight line between the two reels 4 and 5. The height positions of the upper-stage guide rolls 6 and lower-stage guide rolls 7 were adjusted in such a manner that 6 mm of vertical motion (pressing force) was applied to the steel cord 1 when the steel cord 1 passed between the upper-stage guide rolls 6 and lower-stage guide rolls 7. The steel cord 1 was supplied from the supply reel 4 at a supply tension of 2 kgf, was passed between the guide rolls 6, 7 at a speed of 30 m/min and was wound up on the take-up reel 5. Thereafter the steel cord 1 was visual inspected. In the shape-stability evaluation column of Table 1, an x is indicated with regard to samples for which loss of shape of the steel cord 1, such as separation of adhesive (disorder in the parallel array), was confirmed, and an o is indicated with regard to samples for which loss of shape was not confirmed. In this specification, the symbols o and x are used to express a high evaluation (or that the sample is suitable) and a low evaluation (or that the sample is unsuitable), respectively.

(38) (B) Evaluation of Rubber Adhesion

(39) The belt layers 11a, 11b in which the strip-shaped steel cord 1 was embedded were made of rubber. It is required that the steel cord 1 adhere to the belt layers (rubber) 11a, 11b favorably. As mentioned above, the surface of the core wires 2 constituting the strip-shaped steel cord 1 were brass-plated. If the core wires 2 and belt layers 11a, 11b are in direct contact, the core wires and belt layers will adhere together favorably because an interfacial reaction occurs at the time of vulcanization (vulcanizing molding performed at the final stage of the tire manufacturing process) owing to copper contained in the brass plating and sulfur contained in the rubber. However, since the strip-shaped steel cord 1 was provided on its outermost surface with the adhesive 3, as described above (see FIGS. 1 and 2), the core wires 2 (the brass plating layer on the surface thereof) and the belt layers 11a, 11b (rubber) do not come into direct contact. Accordingly, the adhesion between the strip-shaped steel cord 1 and the belt layers 11a, 11b must be carefully ascertained. The evaluation of rubber adhesion means, in other words, evaluation of the adhesion between the strip-shaped steel cord 1 and the belt layers 11a, 11b. The evaluation of rubber adhesion was performed in line with ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) D2229. Specifically, the periphery of the strip-shaped steel cord 1 was covered with rubber, the rubber was subjected to vulcanizing molding, the steel cord 1 was pulled out of the vulcanized rubber and the percentage of the area of the surface of the extracted steel cord 1 covered with the rubber (the rubber coverage) was measured. In the rubber adhesion evaluation column of Table 1, an o is indicated with regard to samples for which the rubber coverage was 75% or greater, and an x is indicated with regard to samples for which the rubber coverage was less than 75%.

(40) (C) Evaluation of Durability and Evaluation of Fretting Resistance

(41) If the strip-shaped steel cord 1 embedded in the belt layers 11a, 11b of the automobile tire 10 snaps (breaks), the strip-shaped steel cord 1 will no longer function as a reinforcing member for the automobile tire 10. Rubbing between the core wires 2 that constitute the steel cord 1 and mutually sustained wear can cause the strip-shaped steel cord 1 to snap. The evaluations of durability and fretting resistance were conducted using a three-roll testing machine shown in FIG. 5 and a test piece 30 shown in FIG. 6 in enlarged form.

(42) The three-roll testing machine has a driving unit 20 that includes a total of three freely rotatable rolls, namely two freely rotatable rolls 21, 23 disposed on a straight line, and a freely rotatable roll 22 disposed between the freely rotatable rolls 21, 23 at a position offset from the straight line. The test piece 30 in which the steel cord 1 was embedded (see FIG. 6) was engaged with the rolls 21, 22, 23 of the driving unit 20 and the driving unit 20 (the three rolls 21, 22, 23) were moved back and forth along the direction of the straight line. The rolls 21, 22, 23 used had a diameter expressed by roll diameter D/core wire diameter d=100. An angle of about 60 was formed between the central roll 22 and rolls 21, 23 on both sides. The driving unit 20 was moved back and forth at a speed of 320 cycles/min, and one stroke was 180 mm. The test piece 30 was obtained by covering the strip-shaped steel cord 1, which had an overall length of 1200 mm, with rubber in quadrate form having a length of 350 mm, a height of 4.5 mm and a width of 9.5 mm. The strip-shaped steel cord 1 was exposed at both ends of the test piece 30. One end of the strip-shaped steel cord 1 was screwed securely to a fixture 25 and a weight 24 exerting a load that was 10% of the severance load of strip-shaped steel cord 1 was suspended from the other end.

(43) In the durability evaluation column of Table 1, the number of reciprocations (the number of total-rupture cycles) of the driving unit 20 obtained at rupture of the entire strip-shaped steel cord 1 embedded in the test piece 30 is indicated by an index with Comparative Example 1 serving as 100. With regard to the fretting-resistance evaluation column of Table 1, testing was halted at a cycle count that was 80% of the number of total-rupture cycles obtained in the durability evaluation test, the test piece 30 was taken apart and the absence or presence of wear on the surface of the steel cord 1 was observed. The results are shown in the fretting-resistance evaluation column of Table 1. An x is indicated with regard to a sample for which wear was confirmed, and an o is indicated with regard to samples for which wear was not confirmed.

(44) (D) Winding Kink Evaluation (Cord Curvature Quantity AH)

(45) Since the core wire 2 constituting the strip-shaped steel cord 1 is fabricated through a wire drawing process, as described above, the core wire will not necessarily be linear when an external force is not acting upon them. Further, since the strip-shaped steel cord 1 obtained by fixing the five core wires 2 in a state in which they are arranged in parallel is shipped and stored, etc., in a state in which it is wound upon a reel, as mentioned above, the steel cord is imparted with kinks while it is being wound upon the reel. If the strip-shaped steel cord 1 develops a large amount of winding kink, there are instances where curling occurs in a calendar sheet at a preliminary stage for manufacture of the belt layers 11a, 11b. If the calendar sheet curls, there is the danger that an impediment will occur in the process for manufacturing the belt layers 11a, 11b from the calendar sheet. The strip-shaped steel cord 1 was wound at a tension of 1.2 kgf upon a reel having a drum diameter of 114 mm, this was left standing for two weeks and the strip-shaped steel cord 1 was then fed from the reel. The amount of curvature of this strip-shaped steel cord 1 is indicated in the AH column of Table 1. With the strip-shaped steel cord 1 cut to 400 mm as shown in FIG. 7 placed on a flat surface, the curvature quantity AH is the distance from the intersection between a straight line, which connects both ends of the strip-shaped steel cord 1 and a perpendicular dropped from the apex of the strip-shaped steel cord 1, to the apex. AH was measured in compliance with JIS (Japan Industrial Standards) G3510. AH values equal to or greater than 40 mm are indicated by boldface characters in the AH column of Table 1.

(46) (E) Evaluation of Sheet Flatness (Sheet Uplift Quantity H)

(47) If the strip-shaped steel cord 1 develops a large amount of winding kink, the calendar sheet in which the steel cord has been embedded will curl, as mentioned above. In the evaluation of sheet flatness, what was evaluated was the extend of curling of a rubber sheet covering the strip-shaped steel cord 1 (after it was wound upon a reel having a drum diameter of 114 mm and left standing for two weeks). An unvulcanized rubber sheet of length 1000 mmwidth 100 mmthickness 0.5 mm was wound upon a drum having a circumference of 1000 mm (and a diameter of about 320 mm), and the strip-shaped steel cord 1 was wound regularly upon the unvulcanized rubber sheet at a tension of 2 kgf. An unvulcanized rubber sheet of the same size was further wound upon the steel cord from above to thereby sandwich the strip-shaped steel cord 1. This was followed by crimping at a load of 6 kgf using a roll to thereby fabricate a composite sheet 40. The composite sheet 40 was cut in a direction perpendicular to the cord, the composite sheet 40 was taken off the drum and left at rest on a flat surface, then the amount of uplift (distance from the flat surface) at the four corners of the composite sheet 40 was measured.

(48) FIG. 8A is a perspective view of the composite sheet 40. FIG. 8B illustrates the composite sheet 40 of FIG. 8A after it has been turned over. In order to facilitate understanding, characters reading TOP are shown on the composite sheet 40 of FIG. 8A and characters reading BOTTOM are shown on the composite sheet 40 of FIG. 8B. The composite sheet 40 illustrated in FIG. 8A is such that an AB end and a CD end thereof are curled upward (this is somewhat emphasized in the drawing). By contrast, the turned-over composite sheet 40 shown in FIG. 8B is substantially free of curling. The reason for this is that, when the composite sheet 40 with its ends curled upwardly as shown in FIG. 8A is turned over and left at rest on a flat surface, the sheet comes to lie flat along the flat surface owing to dead weight of the composite sheet 40.

(49) Let Ah, Bh, Ch and Dh represent the amounts of uplift (distances from the flat surface) of four corners A, B, C and D, respectively, of the composite sheet 40 that has not been turned over (FIG. 8A). Let Arh, Brh, Crh and Drh represent the amounts of uplift of the four corners A, B, C and D, respectively, of the composite sheet 40 that has been turned over (FIG. 8B). A value calculated according to the following equation is used as the uplift quantity H of the composite sheet 40:
H=(Ah+Bh+Ch+Dh+Arh+Brh+Crh+Drh)/4

(50) Numerical values of the uplift quantity H calculated according to the above-cited calculation equation are indicated in the H column of Table 1. Further, numerical values of the uplift quantity H that exceed 5 mm are represented by the boldface characters.

(51) With reference to the evaluation column for fretting resistance in Table 1, it will be seen that the evaluation of fretting resistance was x for the strip-shaped steel cord (Comparative Example 1) obtained by helically winding the steel wrapping wire about the periphery of the five core wires 2 arrayed in parallel. It is believed that this is on account of strong tightening of the core wires 2 by the steel wrapping wire, which results in the core wires 2 rubbing strongly against one another. The evaluation of fretting resistance was o for all of the strip-shaped steel cords (Comparative Examples 2 and 3) obtained by helically winding wrapping wire made of PA66 or PET and strip-shaped steel cords (Comparative Examples 3 to 29 and Embodiments 1 to 12) obtained by fixing the five core wires into a unitary body by adhesive.

(52) With reference to the durability evaluation column of Table 1, it is assumed that 100 is the durability of the strip-shaped steel cord obtained by winding steel wrapping wire of Comparative Example 1. It will be seen that the durabilities of the strip-shaped steel cords (Comparative Examples 2 and 3), which were obtained by helically winding wrapping wire made of PA66 or PET, and of the strip-shaped steel cords (Comparative Examples 3 to 29 and Embodiments 1 to 12), which were obtained by fixing the five core wires 2 into a unitary body by adhesive, all exceeded 100. Further, it was confirmed that the strip-shaped steel cords 1 (Comparative Examples 3 to 29 and Embodiments 1 to 12) obtained by fixing the five core wires 2 into a unitary body by adhesive exhibit better durability than the strip-shaped steel cords (Comparative Examples 2 and 3) obtained by helically winding wrapping wire made of PA66 or PET.

(53) It was confirmed that the durability and fretting resistance of the strip-shaped steel cord 1 can be improved more by fixing the core wires 2 into a unitary body using adhesive than by fixing the core wires 2 into a unitary body using wrapping wire.

(54) Next, with reference to the shape-stability evaluation column of Table 1, it will be seen that although the evaluation of shape stability was o when steel wire was used as the wrapping wire (Comparative Example 1), the evaluation of shape stability was x when PA66 or PET wire was used as the wrapping wire (Comparative Examples 2, 3). It is believed that PA66 and PET exert insufficient force for maintaining the five core wires 2 in the parallel-arrayed state.

(55) On the other hand, with regard to the strip-shaped steel cords 1 (Comparative Examples 3 to 29 and Embodiments 1 to 12) obtained by fixing the five core wires 2 into a unitary body by adhesive, it was confirmed that the evaluation of shape stability is affected by the values of free coil diameter/wire diameter (D/d) and wire spacing Gd.

(56) FIG. 9 illustrates shape stability evaluation (o or x) regarding the Comparative Examples 3 to 29 and Embodiments 1 to 12, which are shown in Table 1, plotted on a graph in which the horizontal axis indicates free coil diameter/wire diameter (D/d) and the vertical axis indicates wire spacing Gd.

(57) With reference to the graph of FIG. 9, the evaluation of shape stability is x when the value of D/d is less than 750. Further, the evaluation of shape stability is x, even if the value of D/d is equal to or greater than 750, when the wire spacing is equal to or greater than 20 m. It was confirmed that when the value of D/d is equal to or greater than 750 (the free coil diameter D of the core wire 2 is greater than the wire diameter d by 750 times or more) and, moreover, the wire spacing is less than 20 m, shape stability of the strip-shaped steel cord 1 is achieved. Specifically, in order to assure the binding force between the core wires 2 resulting from the adhesive 3 and maintain shape stability, it is required that the repulsive force of the core wires not be made too large (that core wire 2 having a small D/d not be used), and it is required that the wire spacing Gd between the core wires 2 not be made too great.

(58) Next, with reference to the rubber-adhesion evaluation column, it was confirmed that the evaluation of rubber adhesion is influenced by the thickness Ad of the adhesive 3.

(59) FIG. 10 is a plot of evaluation of rubber adhesion (o or x) regarding the Comparative Examples 3 to 29 and Embodiments 1 to 12, which are shown in Table 1, on a graph in which the horizontal axis indicates wire diameter d and the vertical axis indicates thickness Ad of the adhesive 3. The evaluation of rubber adhesion is x when the thickness of the adhesive 3 is equal to or greater than 15 m. On the other hand, the evaluation of rubber adhesion is o when the thickness of the adhesive 3 is less than 15 m. Although it was found that the reaction between the surface (the layer of brass plating) of the core wires 2 and rubber is impeded by the presence of the adhesive 3, it was confirmed that the impediment to the reaction is comparatively suppressed by limiting the thickness of the adhesive 3 to less than 15 m.

(60) FIG. 11 illustrates a graph relating to evaluation of sheet flatness based upon the test results in Table 1. On the graph, in which the horizontal axis indicates the curvature quantity AH of the strip-shaped steel cord 1 and the vertical axis indicates the sheet uplift quantity, x is plotted with regard to steel cord for which the sheet uplift quantity H exceeds 5 mm and o is plotted with regard to steel cord for which the sheet uplift quantity H is equal to or less than 5 mm. FIG. 12 illustrates a graph relating to evaluation of winding kink. On the graph, in which the horizontal axis indicates the free coil diameter/wire diameter (D/d) and the vertical axis indicates the wire diameter d, x is plotted with regard to steel cord for which the curvature quantity AH is equal to or greater than 40 mm and o is plotted with regard to steel cord for which the curvature quantity AH is less than 40 mm.

(61) With reference to FIG. 11, the sheet uplift quantity H exceeds 5 mm for a composite sheet 40 (see FIGS. 8A, 8B) using the strip-shaped steel cord 1 having a curvature quantity AH (see FIG. 7) equal to or greater than 40 mm. Further, it was confirmed that when the curvature quantity AH of the strip-shaped steel cord 1 exceeds 40 mm, the sheet uplift quantity H of the composite sheet 40 starts to increase sharply. The sheet uplift quantity H falls below 5 mm if the curvature quantity AH is less than 40 mm. It was confirmed that the sheet uplift quantity H is strongly dependent the curvature quantity AH of the strip-shaped steel cord 1.

(62) With reference to FIG. 12, the curvature quantity AH of the strip-shaped steel cord 1 is equal to or greater than 40 mm when the value of the free coil diameter/wire diameter (D/d) is less than 750 or the wire diameter is equal to or greater than 0.45 mm. It was confirmed that if the value of the free coil diameter/wire diameter (D/d) is equal to or greater than 750 and, moreover, the wire diameter is less than 0.45 mm, then the curvature quantity AH of the strip-shaped steel cord 1 is less than 40 mm. That is, when the value of the free coil diameter/wire diameter (D/d) is equal to or greater than 750 (the free coil diameter D of the core wire 2 is 750 times the wire diameter d or more) and, moreover, the wire diameter d is less than 0.45 mm, the sheet uplift quantity H of the composite sheet 40 is held below 5 mm.

(63) In summary with regard to the above-described results of the evaluation tests, it is required that the value of D/d be made equal to or greater than 750 (that the free coil diameter of the core wire 2 be made greater than the wire diameter d by 750 times or more) and, moreover, that the wire spacing Gd between mutually adjacent core wires 2 be made less than 20 m in order to obtain excellent shape stability of the steel cord to be manufactured. In order to obtain excellent adhesion between the strip-shaped steel cord 1 and the belt layers 11a, 11b, it is required that the thickness Ad of the adhesive 3 be made less than 15 m. Furthermore, in order to hold curling of the composite sheet 40, in which the strip-shaped steel cord 1 has been embedded, to within 5 mm to thereby assure flatness, it is required that the value of D/d be made equal to or greater than 750 (that the free coil diameter of the core wire 2 be made greater than the wire diameter d by 750 times or more) and, moreover, that the wire diameter d be made less than 0.45 mm.