MIXTURES OF SABADILLA ALKALOIDS AND PYRETHRUM AND USES THEREOF

Abstract

The present invention is directed to pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters and methods of controlling pests including insects and mites by application of pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters.

Claims

1. A pesticidal mixture comprising an effective amount of sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters.

2. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are derived from Schoenocaulon officinale.

3. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are veratridine and cevadine.

4. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are at a concentration from about 0.05% to about 0.5% w/w, wherein w/w denotes weight by total weight of the mixture.

5. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the pyrethrum esters are at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 1% w/w, wherein w/w denotes weight by total weight of the mixture.

6. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the ratio of sabadilla alkaloids to the pyrethrin is from about 1:20 to about 10:1.

7. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the ratio of sabadilla alkaloids to the pyrethrin is from about 1:10 to about 5:1.

8. The mixture of claim 1 further comprising one or more excipients selected from the group consisting of solvents, anti-caking agents, stabilizers, defoamers, slip agents, humectants, dispersants, wetting agents, thickening agents, emulsifiers, penetrants, adjuvants, synergists, polymers, propellants and/or preservatives.

9. A method of controlling a pest comprising applying a pesticidal mixture comprising an effective amount of sabadilla alkaloids and a pyrethrin to the pest or the pest's environment.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the pest at least one of an insect and a mite.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the pest is selected from the group consisting of aphids (Homoptera), whiteflies (Hemiptera), thrips (Thysanoptera), bed bugs (Hemiptera), fleas (Siphonaptera), caterpillars/worms (Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), cockroaches (Blattodea), flies (Diptera), ants (Hymenoptera), mosquitoes (Culicidae) and mites (Acari).

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the pest is selected from the group consisting of common bed bugs (Cimex lectularius), green peach aphids (Myzus persicae), house fly (Musca domestica), yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), southern house mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus), African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae), common malaria mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculatus) and German cockroach (Blattella germanica).

13. The method of claim 9, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 1 to about 1,000 grams per hectare.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 10 to about 700 grams per hectare.

15. The method of claim 9, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 22 to about 560 grams per hectare.

16. The method of claim 9, wherein the pyrethrum esters are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 1 to about 100 grams per hectare.

17. The method of claim 9, wherein the pyrethrum esters are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 10 to about 70 grams per hectare.

18. The method of claim 9, wherein the pyrethrum esters are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 15 to about 60 grams per hectare.

Description

EXAMPLES

[0031] PyGanic 1.4EC was used as the source of pyrethrum esters. PyGanic is a registered trademark of McLaughlin Gormley King Company.

Example 1

German Cockroach

[0032] In this study, the response of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) to application of a 1:2, 5:1, 1:10 and 1:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to pyrethrum esters will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.1% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.1% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 0.5% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 0.5% w/w.

[0033] The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: %C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100).

[0034] %C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100), where %C.sub.exp is the expected efficacy and in which A and B are the control levels given by the single [insecticides]. If the ratio between the experimentally observed efficacy of the mixture C.sub.obs and the expected efficacy of the mixture is greater than 1, synergistic interactions are present in the mixture. (Gisi, Synergisitic Interaction of Fungicides in Mixtures, The American Phytopathological Society, 86:11, 1273-1279,1996). Adopting a conservative approach, Applicant determined synergy to be present at ratios of 1.1.

Example 2

House Fly

[0035] In this study, the response of the house fly (Musca domestica) to application of a 1:2, 5:1, 1:10 and 1:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to pyrethrum esters will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.1% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.1% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 0.5% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 0.5% w/w.

[0036] The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: %C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100).

Example 3

Common Bed Bug

[0037] In this study, the response of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) to application of a 1:2, 5:1, 1:10 and 1:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to pyrethrum esters will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.1% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.1% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 0.5% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 0.5% w/w.

[0038] The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: %C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100).

Example 4

Green Peach Aphid

[0039] In this study, the response of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to application of a 1.5:1, 37:1, 1:3, 9:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to pyrethrum esters will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 22 g/HA and 15 g/HA; 2) 560 g/HA and 15 g/HA; 3) 22 g/HA and 60 g/HA; and 4) 560 g/HA and 60 g/HA.

[0040] The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: %C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100).