Pad Composition And Method

Abstract

A cleaning assembly. The cleaning assembly may include multiple portions, such as a handle portion and a cleaning portion. The cleaning assembly may further include a disposable head portion that may be engaged and disengaged from the handle assembly. The head portion may have at least one coating applied to at least a portion of the head portion.

Claims

1. A cleaning pad assembly comprising: a fitment; a nonwoven pad; a scrubbiness coating applied to the nonwoven pad.

2. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 1, wherein the nonwoven pad comprises at least a first nonwoven pad and a second nonwoven pad that are fixed together.

3. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 2, wherein the coating is applied to only the first nonwoven pad.

4. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 3, wherein the coating is applied to an exterior surface of the first nonwoven pad.

5. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 3, wherein the fitment is connected to only the second nonwoven pad.

6. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 1, wherein the scrubbiness coating is a polymer.

7. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 1, wherein the scrubbiness coating is a polymer or copolymer emulsion.

8. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 1, wherein the scrubbiness coating is a water insoluble polymer adhesive.

9. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 1, wherein the scrubbiness coating is a polymer adhesive with a high glass transition.

10. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 1, wherein the scrubbiness coating is a styrene acrylic copolymer adhesive.

11. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 1, wherein the scrubbiness coating is a mixture of a styrene acrylic copolymer adhesive and a dye.

12. A cleaning pad assembly comprising: a fitment; a nonwoven pad formed of a plurality of fibers, wherein the nonwoven pad is connected to the fitment; and a scrubbiness coating applied to the nonwoven pad configured to adhere together at least a first fiber pf the plurality of fibers and a second fiber of the plurality of fibers.

13. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 12, wherein the nonwoven pad comprises at least a first nonwoven pad and a second nonwoven pad that are fixed together; wherein the coating is applied to only to an exterior surface of the first nonwoven pad; wherein an interior surface of the first nonwoven pad is fixed to a first side of the second nonwoven pad and a second side of the second nonwoven pad is fixed to the fitment.

14. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 12, wherein the scrubbiness coating is selected from at least one of a polymer, copolymer, a water insoluble polymer adhesive, or combinations thereof.

15. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 12, further comprising: a handle; and a gripping mechanism configured to be moveable within the handle; wherein the gripping mechanism is configured to selectively hold the fitment relative to the handle.

16. The cleaning pad assembly of claim 15, wherein the fitment connected to the nonwoven pad is configured to be both gripped and un-gripped by the gripping mechanism.

17. A method of forming a cleaning pad assembly comprising: providing a fitment; providing a nonwoven pad formed of a plurality of fibers; and applying a scrubbiness coating to the nonwoven pad.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein providing the nonwoven pad comprises providing at least a first nonwoven pad and a second nonwoven pad that are fixed together, wherein an interior surface of the first nonwoven pad is fixed to a first side of the second nonwoven pad and a second side of the second nonwoven pad is fixed to the fitment; wherein applying the scrubbiness coating includes applying the scrubbiness coating to only an exterior surface of the first nonwoven pad.

19. The method of claim 17, further comprising: selecting the scrubbiness coating as at least one a polymer, a copolymer emulsion, a water insoluble polymer adhesive, or combinations thereof.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein applying the scrubbiness coating to the nonwoven pad includes spraying the scrubbiness coating onto a surface of the nonwoven pad.

Description

DRAWINGS

[0030] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0031] The assembly of the present invention has other objects and features of advantage which will be more readily apparent from the following description of the best mode of carrying out the invention and the appended claims, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:

[0032] FIG. 1 is a top perspective view a cleaning tool assembly constructed in accordance with the present invention in a gripping position.

[0033] FIG. 2 is a top perspective view of the cleaning tool assembly of FIG. 1 in a release position.

[0034] FIG. 3 is an exploded top perspective view of the cleaning tool assembly of FIG. 1.

[0035] FIG. 4 is an enlarged, fragmentary, side perspective view of the interior of an attachment end of the cleaning tool assembly of FIG. 1, shown without a collet device for illustrative purposes.

[0036] FIG. 5A is an enlarged, side elevation view, in cross-section, of the attachment end of the cleaning tool assembly of FIG. 1, illustrated in the gripping position.

[0037] FIG. 5B is a side elevation view, in cross-section, of the attachment end of the cleaning tool assembly of FIG. 5A, illustrated in an intermediary release position.

[0038] FIG. 5C is a side elevation view, in cross-section, of the attachment end of the cleaning tool assembly of FIG. 5A, illustrated in a full release position.

[0039] FIG. 6 is an enlarged, side elevation view of a cleaning implement of the cleaning tool assembly of FIG. 1.

[0040] FIG. 7 is an enlarged, front perspective view of a collet device of the cleaning tool assembly of FIG. 1.

[0041] FIG. 8 is a rear perspective view of the collet device of FIG. 7.

[0042] FIG. 9 is an enlarged, side elevation view, in cross-section, of the collet device of FIG. 7.

[0043] FIG. 10 is an enlarged, side elevation view, in cross-section, of a plunger mechanism and release device of the cleaning tool assembly of FIG. 1.

[0044] FIG. 11 is a fragmentary, enlarged, side elevation view of the plunger mechanism of FIG. 10.

[0045] FIG. 12 is an enlarged, rear elevation view, in cross-section, of a pushrod of the release device taken substantially along the plane of the line 12-12 of FIG. 10.

[0046] FIG. 13 is a fragmentary, enlarged, side elevation view, in cross-section, of the attachment end of the tool assembly of FIG. 5A.

[0047] FIG. 14 is an enlarged, rear elevation view, in cross-section, of the sliding engagement between the plunger mechanism and the gripping mechanism of the tool assembly taken substantially along the plane of the line 14-14 of FIG. 5B.

[0048] FIG. 15 is a bottom or end plan view of a head or pad assembly;

[0049] FIG. 16 is an end perspective view of the head assembly of FIG. 15;

[0050] FIG. 17 is a top plan view of the head assembly of FIG. 15;

[0051] FIG. 18 is a first side face view of the head assembly of FIG. 15;

[0052] FIG. 19 is a detail view of a non-coated nonwoven pad of FIG. 15;

[0053] FIG. 20 is a detail view of a first amount coated nonwoven pad of FIG. 15;

[0054] FIG. 21 is a fine detail view of a non-coated nonwoven pad of FIG. 15;

[0055] FIG. 22 is a fine detail view of a first amount coated nonwoven pad of FIG. 15;

[0056] FIG. 23 is a detail view of a second amount coated nonwoven pad of FIG. 15;

[0057] FIG. 24 is a fine detail view of a second amount coated nonwoven pad of FIG. 15;

[0058] FIG. 25 is a box plot graph of results of a roughness test of a coated and a non-coated nonwoven pad, according to various embodiments;

[0059] FIG. 26 is a bar graph of results of a movement test of a coated and a non-coated nonwoven pad, according to various embodiments;

[0060] FIG. 27A is a line graph of results of a coefficient of friction test of a non-coated nonwoven pad moving at a slow speed, according to various embodiments;

[0061] FIG. 27B is a line graph of results of a coefficient of friction test of a low coated nonwoven pad moving at a slow speed, according to various embodiments;

[0062] FIG. 27C is a line graph of results of a coefficient of friction test of a medium coated nonwoven pad moving at a slow speed, according to various embodiments;

[0063] FIG. 28A is a line graph of results of a coefficient of friction test of a non-coated nonwoven pad moving at a fast speed, according to various embodiments;

[0064] FIG. 28B is a line graph of results of a coefficient of friction test of a low coated nonwoven pad moving at a fast speed, according to various embodiments; and

[0065] FIG. 28C is a line graph of results of a coefficient of friction test of a medium coated nonwoven pad moving at a fast speed, according to various embodiments.

[0066] Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0068] While the present invention will be described with reference to a few specific embodiments, the description is illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Various modifications to the present invention can be made to the preferred embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It will be noted here that for a better understanding, like components are designated by like reference numerals throughout the various figures.

[0069] Referring now to FIGS. 1-5, a cleaning tool assembly, generally designated 20, is provided having a disposable cleaning implement 21 having a cleaning element 22 mounted to a fitment 23. As shown in FIG. 6, the fitment 23 includes an elongated post 26 extending axially from the cleaning element 22 along the longitudinal axis 25 thereof. A retaining barb 27 is positioned at a distal end of the elongated post 26. The tool assembly 20 includes an elongated maneuvering wand 28 having a handle portion and a distal implement attachment end 30 thereof. The attachment end 30 defines a wand opening 31 into a cavity 32 of the wand 28. The wand opening 31 is formed and dimensioned for axial insertion of the fitment post 26 therein. A gripping mechanism is disposed in the cavity 32, and defines a mouth portion 33 substantially co-axially aligned with a longitudinal axis 35 of the wand opening 31. The gripping mechanism 36 is configured to receive the fitment retaining barb 27 through the mouth portion 33, and releasably grip the fitment retaining barb 27 for axial retention there when in a gripping position of the gripping mechanism 36 (FIGS. 1 and 5A). Thus, the fitment is configured to be gripped by the gripping mechanism. The tool assembly further includes an anti-cam out feature, generally designated 38, adapted to radially engage the fitment post 26, when in the gripping position, to substantial prevent pivotal movement thereof from the longitudinal axis 35 of the wand opening 31 by more than about zero (0) degrees to about twenty-five (25) degrees when the fitment post 26 is subjected to forces radial to the post longitudinal axis 25.

[0070] According to various embodiments, a cleaning tool assembly is provided that incorporates an anti-cam device that significantly limits the pivotal motion of the cleaning head fitment in the gripping mechanism, and hence, substantially prevent side ejection from the gripping mechanism. Accordingly, during operational use of the cleaning tool, significantly greater lateral forces can be applied to the cleaning implement during cleaning with a gripping mechanism that would not otherwise be capable of handling such forces. The design of the gripping mechanism, hence, can primarily concentrate on axial retention of the retaining barb. Consequently, the gripping mechanism design is substantially simplified since lateral retention of the retaining barb is of much less concern.

[0071] Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 5, the cleaning tool assembly 20 will now be generally described. The maneuvering wand 28 is preferably provided by elongated 2-piece shell structures 39a and 39b that collectively define the wand cavity 32 extending longitudinally therethrough. The maneuvering wand is preferably gradually curved, having an increasing radius of curvature from the handle portion to the attachment end. Such gradual curvature is at least aesthetically pleasing, such as during use.

[0072] At one end of the maneuvering wand 28 is a handle portion 40 adapted for operable gripping of the tool assembly so that the user can handle and manipulate the cleaning implement 21. At the opposite attachment end 30 of the wand is the gripping mechanism 36 that is configured to releasably grip the fitment retaining barb 27 for mounting of the cleaning implement to the wand in a gripped configuration. The wand opening 31 into the wand cavity 32 is positioned at the distal attachment end 30. In one specific configuration, as indicated, the maneuvering wand may be comprised of two generally mirror-image half-shell members 39 a, 39b which are snap-fit, adhered or fastened together. More preferably, at least the attachment end portion the half-shell members are sonically welded so as to be liquid or water impervious during cleaning use. The half-shell members 39a, 39b may be composed of any suitable material, but are preferably comprised of an injection molded plastic polymer such as polyethylene, polypropelene, PVC, nylon, ABS-PC and other ABS blends, and NORYL, etc.

[0073] The gripping mechanism 36 that releasably secures the cleaning implement 21 to the maneuvering wand 28 includes a radially expandable collet device 41 (FIGS. 7-9) disposed in the wand cavity 32 proximate to the wand opening. Thus, the gripping mechanism is configured to un-grip the fitment as a selected and operational time. A distal portion of the collet device 41 defines the mouth portion 33 that is formed to receive the fitment retaining barb therethrough. In the gripping position (FIGS. 1 and 5A), the transverse cross-sectional dimension of the mouth portion 33 is smaller than that of the retaining barb 27, thereby axially retaining the fitment post 26 therein. In the release position (FIGS. 2, 5B and 5C), the transverse cross-sectional dimension of the mouth portion 33 is radially expanded to a dimension greater than that of the retaining barb 27, thereby permitting axial release of the retaining barb 27 therefrom.

[0074] To control the operation of the gripping mechanism 36, a plunger mechanism 42 is included that cooperates with the resilient collet device 41 to selectively expand the mouth portion 33 thereof radially outward from the gripping position to the release position. The gripping mechanism further includes a release device 43 that cooperates with the plunger mechanism 42 for selective control of the collet device by the user between the gripping and release positions. More specifically, as best viewed in FIGS. 3 and 11, the plunger mechanism 42 includes a plunger head 44 mounted to the distal end of a pushrod 45. Both the plunger head 44 and the pushrod 45 are operably disposed in the wand cavity 32, and configured for axial displacement therein. The release device includes a slide switch 46 mounted at the opposite end of the pushrod 45, which in turn is slideably mounted in a guide track 47 proximate to the handle portion 40 of the maneuvering wand 28. Accordingly, as will be described in greater detail below, the slide switch is selectively operated between a disengaged condition (FIGS. 1 and 5A), corresponding to the gripping position of the gripping mechanism, and an engaged condition (FIGS. 2, 5B and 5C), corresponding to the release position of the gripping mechanism. It will be appreciated, however, that while a slide switch is preferred, many other manual release device actuators may be applied such as a push button device positioned at the handle portion or at the end thereof, a trigger or twist knob.

[0075] According to various embodiments, the collet device 41 is conical shaped, and includes an annular base portion 48 defining a proximal opening 50 into a collet recess 51 thereof (FIGS. 7-9). Extending distally from the annular base portion 48 is a plurality of finger members 52, each of which is positioned radially about a longitudinal axis 53 of the collet device 41. Collectively, the interior facing displacement surfaces 54 of the finger members define a conical-shaped collet recess 51 upon which the retaining barb 27 of the fitment 23 is received.

[0076] FIG. 9 illustrates that finger members 52 are cantilever mounted to the annular base portion 48 of the collet device 41 enabling a distal tip portion 55 of each finger member 52 (collectively the collet distal portion) to pivotally reciprocate radially outward. In their natural, rested state, the finger members 52 of the collet device 41 oriented in the gripping position. Consequently, when the distal tip portions 55, which collectively define the mouth portion 33, are be expanded from the gripping position (FIGS. 1 and 5A) toward the release position (FIGS. 2, 5B and 5C), the resilient finger members 52 bias the distal tip portions 55 back toward the gripping position.

[0077] Accordingly, to provide such resiliency, the hollow collet device 41 must be composed of a flexible, yet resilient material. Such suitable rigid, yet resiliently flexible materials for the collet device 41, include plastic polymers such as polyethylene, nylon, ABS, NOREL, etc., with optional low friction additives including TEFLON.

[0078] According to various embodiments, the collet device 41 includes four independent finger members 52 cantilever mounted to the base portion 48. Each finger member 52 is separated by an alignment slot 56 extending longitudinally therealong. It will be appreciated, of course, that the number of independent finger members 52 can be increased or decreased without departing from the true spirit and nature of the present invention. Collectively, each finger member 52 is circumferentially spaced about the longitudinal axis 53 to form collet recess 51 therein.

[0079] When the conical collet device 41 is positioned in the wand cavity 32, at the attachment end 30 of the maneuvering wand 28 (FIG. 5), the mouth portion 33 of the collet device is positioned substantially adjacent to and in co-axial alignment with the wand opening 31. This permits axial receipt of the fitment post 26 and retaining barb 27 into the collet mouth portion when they are inserted through the wand opening 31.

[0080] To axially secure the collet device 41 in the wand cavity 32, relative the maneuvering wand 28, an annular lip portion 57 of the collet device extends radially outward from the base portion 48. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5B, this annular lip portion 57 engages a corresponding annular slot 58 formed in the interior walls 60 of the maneuvering wand 28 which generally define the interior wand cavity 32. Accordingly, when the collet device 41 is positioned in the wand cavity 32 such that the annular lip portion 57 is engaged in the annular slot 58, the collet device will be axially secure relative the maneuvering wand.

[0081] Moreover, the maneuvering wand 28 includes a plurality of alignment webs 61 extending radially into the wand cavity 32 from the interior walls 60 of the maneuvering wand. Each generally triangular-shaped alignment web 61 corresponds to a respective alignment slot 56 of the collet device 41, and is sized to slideably insert therein between the adjacent finger members 52. Accordingly, as the finger members 52 are guided and reciprocate between the gripping position and the release position, the finger members expand and contract into the recesses formed between the radially spaced alignment webs 61.

[0082] Turning now to FIGS. 9, each distal tip portion 55 of the finger members 52 includes a tine portion 63 extending radially inward toward the longitudinal axis 53 thereof. These tine portions 63 define the diameter of the collet mouth portion 33, and, as will be described, collectively function to axially retain the fitment retaining barb 27 to the maneuvering wand in the gripping position. A distal facing side of the tine portion 63 is a distal facing cam surface 65, while a proximal facing contact surface 66 is disposed on the opposite side thereof. Importantly, the proximal facing contact surface 66 is substantially contained in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the collet device 41.

[0083] According to various embodiments, when the fitment 23 of the cleaning implement 21 is axially inserted into the wand opening 31 of the maneuvering wand 28 toward the gripping mechanism 36, the fitment 23 and the collet device 41 cooperate to axially snap-fit together in the gripping position. Before this procedure is described in detail, however, the cleaning implement will be briefly detailed.

[0084] Referring now to FIG. 6, the cleaning implement 21 is comprised of the a pliable cleaning element 22 mounted to the fitment 23. The cleaning element 22 is preferably cylindrical-shaped, but may be any other useful head shape including elliptical, rectangular or square with rounded edges. The head is also preferably composed of a pliable, resilient, absorbent material with sponge-like properties, such as polyether and polyurethane sponges.

[0085] In some embodiments, a scrim 67 may be included which may be impregnated or partially composed of a cleansing material such as soap. These disposable cleaning elements and compositions are disclosed in more detail in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/663,496 filed Sep. 12, 2003, entitled DISPOSABLE CLEANING HEAD now U.S. Pat. No. 7,127,768 issued Oct. 31, 2006, and incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0086] The fitment 23 (FIGS. 3 and 6) upon which the cleaning element 22 is mounted, includes a disk shaped back plate 68 that provides support and additional stiffness to the cleaning element. Such additional backing is important in that it allows the user to apply a greater cleaning pressure to the cleaning element than would otherwise be allowed given the nature of the material of the cleaning element. As will be described in greater detail below and in accordance with the present invention, the backing stiffness is selected so as to permit collective bending of the cleaning element 22 and the back plate under predetermined bending force conditions. These properties can be manipulated through the proper selection of material composition, material thickness and structural inclusions which, as mentioned, will be described in greater detail below.

[0087] Extending axially from the back plate 68 is a fitment post 26 formed and dimensioned for sliding axial receipt in the wand opening 31. The fitment post 26 is preferably cylindrical shaped at a first portion 70, and tapers inwardly at a distal second portion 71 thereof. The distal second portion 71 is mounted to the retaining barb 27 at a neck portion 72 thereof. As best viewed in FIGS. 3 and 6, the retaining barb 27 further includes a rounded retaining head 73 which has a transverse cross sectional dimension greater than that of the neck portion 72, but less than that of the fitment post 26. At the intersection between the retaining head 73 and the neck portion 72 is an annular shoulder portion 75 which is generally contained in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 25 of the fitment 23. The retaining head 73 includes a rounded cam surface 76 that tapers inwardly to a substantially planar engaging surface 77 facing proximally toward the plunger head when mounted in the gripping mechanism 36.

[0088] The wand opening 31 and corresponding fitment post 26 are preferably cylindrical-shaped for ease of axial insertion. It will be appreciated, however, that the transverse cross-sectional dimension may not be circular, and/or may be keyed. In such a configuration, of course, for axial insertion of the fitment post into the wand opening would first require some alignment.

[0089] According to various embodiments, when the fitment post 26 is axially inserted into the wand opening 31, the rounded cam surface 76 initially abuts against the distal facing cam surfaces 65 of the respective tine portions of the collet device 41. As the fitment post 26 is further axially urged into the wand opening 31 and against the distal facing cam surfaces 65 of the finger members 52, the distal tip portions 55 thereof are caused to spread apart radially expanding the mouth portion 33. The distal facing cam surfaces 65 have a curvature similar to that of the rounding cam surface 76 of the retaining head 73 which facilitate sliding contact therebetween.

[0090] Accordingly, as the distal facing cam surfaces 65 of the respective finger members 52 are sufficiently radially displaced, the fitment post 26 is axially inserted until the retaining head extends just past the tine portion 63 of the finger members. Due to the resiliency of the finger members 52, which are biased radially inward toward the gripping position, once past the retaining head 73, the tine portions 63 are urged back toward the gripping position where they engage the annular shoulder portion 75 of the retaining barb 27 (FIG. 5A). In the gripping position, thus, the proximal facing contact surfaces 66 of the finger tine portions 63 contact and axially retain the annular shoulder portion 75 of the retaining head 73.

[0091] An audible and/or tactile cue feature is incorporated that informs the user that the cleaning implement 21 is properly retained in the gripping mechanism 36. Hence, upon securing the fitment 23 in the collet device 41, in the gripping position, the retaining barb 27 and the finger members cooperate to audibly and/or tactically click. In one configuration, this audible and/or tactile cue may be provided by the structural configuration and resiliency of the finger members 52 as the corresponding tine portions 63 are moved just past the retaining head 73 of the retaining barb.

[0092] The mounting arrangement of the present invention provides a significant axial holding force between the fitment and the gripping mechanism in a direction away from the wand opening 31. However, when a lateral force radial or perpendicular to longitudinal axis 53 of the collet device 41 (represented by arrow 78 in FIG. 13) is applied to the fitment post, such as during normal use of the cleaning tool assembly, these loads would only need to overcome radial resiliency force of one of the finger members 52 at distal tip portion 55 in order to dislodge the retaining barb 27 from the collet device 41 of the gripping mechanism 36 (i.e., side ejection or off-axis angled pull-out).

[0093] According to various embodiments, as mentioned above, an anti-cam out feature or structure 38 is incorporated into the maneuvering wand 28 that cooperates with the fitment to substantial prevent pivotal movement of the fitment post while mounted in the gripping mechanism 36. In particular, the anti-cam out feature 38 limits the pivotal movement of the fitment post relative the longitudinal axis 53 of the gripping mechanism 36 (and hence the wand opening 31) by not more than about zero (0) degrees to about twenty-five (25) degrees. Accordingly, when a lateral load is placed upon the cleaning implement and transferred to the fitment post (such as during use), the anti-cam out features substantially absorb the lateral loads so that they are not transferred to and placed upon the collet finger members 52, causing inadvertent side ejection or release of the fitment 23.

[0094] Much higher loads can thus be placed upon cleaning implement, during use, than might otherwise be permitted with the current gripping mechanism design due to potential cam-out of the retaining barb 27 from the collet device 41. As mentioned, this anti-cam out feature 38 enables the design of the collet device 41 to concentrate on axial retention of the retaining barb 27, as opposed to simultaneously providing lateral or radial retention thereof. Consequently, the gripping mechanism design is substantially simplified, and thus less costly, since collet device does not require resistance to such lateral loads.

[0095] As best illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 13, the anti-cam out feature 38 includes a distal annular rib 79 positioned substantially adjacent the wand opening 31 of the maneuvering wand. The distal annular rib 79 includes a first contact surface 80 extending substantially circumferentially around the first portion 70 of the fitment post 26 when the retaining barb 27 is in the gripping position. In one specific embodiment, the first contact surface 80 is integrally formed with the maneuvering wand 28 such that the first contact surface essentially defines the wand opening 31 into the wand cavity 32.

[0096] To prevent significant lateral displacement of the fitment post 26 when positioned in gripping mechanism, the first contact surface 80 of the distal annular rib 79 is dimensioned to have a transverse cross-sectional dimension substantially similar to that of the first portion 70 of said fitment post 26. As mentioned, it will be appreciated that while the transverse cross-sectional dimensions herein are shown and described as generally circular, they could be provided by other geometric shapes as well. In fact, other such shapes, together with the like cross-sectional dimensions of the first contact surfaces, would be beneficial in preventing or reducing axial rotation of the fitment post 26 relative the maneuvering wand.

[0097] According to various embodiments, with the diameter of the fitment post 26 in the range of 0.060 inch to about 0.750 inch, and more preferably about 0.38 inch, the tolerance between the distal annular rib 79 and the first portion 70 of the fitment post 26 is in the range of about 0.001 inch to about 0.040 inch. Moreover, the longitudinal length of the first contact surface 80 of the distal annular rib 79 is in the range of about 0.040 inch to about 1.00 inch, and more preferably about 0.250 inch. The anti-cam out feature 38 of the present invention further includes a proximal annular rib 81 axially spaced-apart from the first contact surface 80 of the distal annular rib 79.

[0098] As FIG. 13 best illustrates, similar to the distal annular rib 79, the proximal annular rib 81 includes a second contact surface 82 that extends substantially, circumferentially around the fitment post 26, but at a location axially spaced from the first contact surface 80 of the distal annular rib 79. Also similar to the distal annular rib 79, the second contact surface 82 of the proximal annular rib 81 provides a transverse cross-sectional dimension substantially similar to a transverse cross-sectional dimension of the second portion 71 of the fitment post 26.

[0099] Accordingly, a sufficient lateral load urged upon the cleaning implement (represented by arrow 78), translating to any pivotal movement of the fitment post 26 relative the longitudinal axis of the collet device 41, will eventually cause abutting contact between the first contact surface 80 of the distal annular rib 79 and the first portion 70 of the fitment post, on one side thereof. The rigid first contact surface 80 will provide an opposing force (represented by arrow 83) acting upon the fitment first portion 70, causing it to teeter or pivot. Such pivotal movement will also cause abutting contact between the second contact surface 82 of the proximal annular rib 81 and the second portion 71 of the fitment post, on an opposite side thereof. Similarly, the rigid second contact surface 82 will provide an opposing force (represented by arrow 84) acting upon the fitment second portion 71. Consequently, the opposed contact between the relatively rigid first and second contact surfaces, and the relatively rigid fitment posts limit the pivotal movement relative the collet device to not more than the mentioned about zero (0) degrees to about twenty-five (25) degrees. More preferably, this range is reduced to about zero (0) degrees to about twelve (12) degrees, and even more preferably zero (0) degrees to about six (6) degrees. In turn, these lateral forces are not translated to the distal tip portions of the finger members to prevent inadvertent cam-out thereof.

[0100] It will be appreciated that both the distal and proximal annular ribs are composed of a relatively rigid material. Likewise, the fitment post 26, as mentioned, is also composed of a relatively rigid material. Similar to the other components, these may includes plastic polymers such as polyethylene, nylon, ABS, NOREL, etc., with optional low friction additives including TEFLON.

[0101] According to various embodiments, the proximal annular rib 81 is adapted to engage and seat with the inwardly tapered second portion 71 of the fitment post 26. Thus, the second contact surface 82 similarly tapers inwardly at substantially the same slope as the second portion 71 of the fitment post 26. When the fitment retaining barb is positioned in the gripping position, thus, the second portion 71 substantially seats against the proximal annular rib 81. Due in part to this seating, the fitment post 26 will thus pivot about this region until the first portion 70 of the fitment post contacts the first contact surface 80 of the distal annular rib 79.

[0102] To prevent liquid contact with the components of the gripping mechanism 36 during use, a seal 86, preferably an O-ring, is included having a central passage formed for receipt of the fitment post 26 therethrough. This O-ring is disposed in an annular gap 85 (FIG. 4) disposed between the distal annular rib 79 and the proximal annular rib 81 which axially spaces the first and second contact surfaces 80, 82, respectively. The passage through the O-ring 86 is co-axially aligned with the wand opening 31 and mouth portion 33 of the collet device such that upon insertion of the fitment post 26 through the wand opening 31 to the gripping position, the post extends through the O-ring. The O-ring 86 is preferably composed of a resilient, non-porous, flexible material, such as rubber or the like. Thus, to form a liquid-tight seal, when the fitment post 26 is positioned in the gripping mechanism, the transverse cross-sectional dimension of the passage of the O-ring is smaller than that of the fitment post 26. Upon insertion, the O-ring 86 is stretched about the fitment post 26, forming a fluid-tight seal against the fitment post 26, substantially preventing leakage into the wand cavity 32.

[0103] Referring now to FIGS. 5A-5C, the release of the cleaning implement 21 from the gripping position (FIGS. 1 and 5A) to the release position (FIGS. 2, 5B and 5C) will now be discussed in detail. As mentioned above, in order to release the fitment retaining barb 27 from the tine portions 63 of the corresponding finger members 52, the mouth portion 33 of the collet device 41 must be radially expanded by a sufficient amount to enable release of the retaining head 73 of the retaining barb 27. Thus, the release device (i.e., the plunger head 44, the pushrod 45 and the slide switch 46) must translate the linear (or axial) displacement thereof (i.e., from the disengaged condition to the engaged condition) to the radial displacement of the distal tip portions of the finger members (i.e., from the gripping position to the release position).

[0104] In the disengaged condition (FIG. 5A), it will be understood that the plunger head 44 is completely out of contact with the underside displacement surfaces 54 of the respective finger members 52. This permits the finger members 52 and their distal tip portions 55 to be biased toward their natural gripping position to axially retain the cleaning implement 21, when the retaining barb 27 is contained in the collet device 41 in the gripping position. Moreover, in accordance with the present invention, when the slide switch 46 and plunger head 44 are fully recessed in the disengaged condition (FIGS. 1 and 5A), a dead band region is provided that permits a predetermined distance of travel or play for the slide switch 46 before any engagement of the plunger head with the collet device occurs. Accordingly, the dead band regions substantially eliminates inadvertent release of the fitment 23 from the gripping mechanism since any operation of the slide switch 46 must be more than the predetermined distance, and thus more or less an intentional act.

[0105] This dead band region is primarily created by positioning the plunger head 44 of the plunger mechanism 42 out of contact with the underside displacement surfaces 54 of the respective finger members 52. Before any contact of a cam surface 87 of the plunger head 44 occurs, the plunger head 44, and/or the slide switch, is configured so that it must axially displace the predetermined distance (e.g., the dead band distance). In the preferred embodiment, this distance is in the range of about 0.400 inch to about 0.600 inch, and more preferably about 0.480 inch to about 0.530 inch from the fully retracted position of the slide switch.

[0106] Briefly, as mentioned, the collet device 41 is biased toward the gripping position through the resiliency of the finger members 52. The release device 43, however, is also biased toward the corresponding disengaged condition, out of contact with the collet device, and where the slide switch is fully retracted. This fully retracted configuration provides the maximum dead band displacement for the switch.

[0107] Hence, a biasing device 88 is provided that biases the release device 43 toward the disengaged condition which in effect fully retracts the slide switch 46 and the plunger head 44. This biasing device 88 is preferably provided by a coiled compression spring disposed about the pushrod 45. One end of the biasing spring 88 abuts against a proximal spring retainer plate 89 coupled to the pushrod 45, while the opposite end of the biasing spring 88 abuts against a distal spring retainer plate 90 mounted to the maneuvering wand 28, and extending across the wand cavity. The length of the biasing spring 88, as well as the distance between the spring plates, are selected such that the biasing spring is always in compression. In this manner, the release device will position the slide switch and the plunger head fully in their disengaged condition, as shown FIGS. 1 and 5A.

[0108] Accordingly, any release force applied by the user to move the slide switch 46 toward the engaged condition, while the release device 43 is in the dead band region, must at the very least overcome the opposing force of the biasing spring 88. In one specific embodiment, the biasing force exerted by the biasing spring 88 and urged upon the release device 43 is in the range of about 0.1 lbf. to about 2.0 lbf.

[0109] Referring now to FIGS. 5, 10 and 11, the plunger mechanism 42 includes a cylindrical-shaped plunger head 44 distally mounted to the pushrod 45 that longitudinally reciprocates in the wand cavity 32 between the disengaged condition (FIG. 5A), free of contact with the collet device 41, to the engaged condition (FIGS. 5B and 5C). The transverse cross-sectional dimension of the plunger head 44 is smaller then and configured to reciprocate through the proximal opening 50 of the collet base portion, and into the collet recess 51. Thus, upon movement of the slide switch 46 in the guide track 47 of the handle portion 40, the pushrod 45 urges the plunger head 44 distally along the wand cavity toward the collet device 41, and through the dead band region until the cam surface 87 of the plunger head 44 slideably contacts an underside displacement surface 54 of each finger member 52. Due to the collective conical, inward taper of the underside displacement surfaces 54, the simultaneous sliding contact between the cam surface 87 of the plunger head 44 and underside displacement surfaces 54 cantilever displace the finger members radially outward toward the release position. At this position, the release force required (at the slide switch 46) to selectively move the gripping mechanism to the full release position is significantly increased (on the order of about 1.0 lbf. to about 6.0 lbf., and more preferably about 1.75 lbf. to about 3.5 lbf.).

[0110] As the plunger head 44 advances toward the fully engaged condition, the finger members are caused to increasingly radially expand the mouth portion 33, defined by the tine portions 63 thereof, by a displacement sufficient to release of retaining head 73 of the fitment retaining barb from the collet device. It will be noted that when the release device 43 surpasses an intermediary threshold position (commencing at FIG. 5B) to a fully extended engaged condition (FIG. 5C), the plunger head 44 and the finger members 52 of the collet device cooperate to temporarily retain the collet device 41 in the release position (with the distal tip portions sufficiently expanded to release the retaining barb). Prior to surpassing the intermediary threshold position, the biasing spring 88 quickly returns the release device 43 to the fully disengaged condition. After the intermediary threshold position, collet device and the plunger head cooperate to delay the return of the release device 43 to the fully disengaged condition by the biasing spring 88. In this manner, together with the increased release force required to move the position the plunger head 44 past the threshold position, release of the cleaning implement must be an intentional act.

[0111] According to various embodiments, retention of the gripping mechanism 36, plunger mechanism and release device 43 at the fully released position and fully engaged condition is temporary. As will be explained in greater detail below, the contacting components are designed and configured to significantly reduce drag or frictional contact therebetween. Eventually, the biasing spring will overcome the friction forces retaining the plunger head fully engaged against the collet device. Thus, unlike the relatively quick return of the release device to the disengaged condition, by the biasing spring 88, before the threshold position, the return after the threshold position is delayed.

[0112] According to various embodiments, the ramped slope of each underside displacement surface 54, corresponding to the region prior to the threshold position, of the corresponding finger member 52 is substantially linear and uniform. It will be appreciated, however, that a more complex profile at this region can be established as well. At the threshold region of the profile of the underside displacement surface 54, the slope thereof increases, and then flattens out toward, corresponding to the full engaged condition (FIG. 9). This flatten profile after the threshold position is what enables the temporary retention of the gripping mechanism 36 in the release position, and the release device 43 in the engaged condition. As above-indicated, biasing spring eventually returns the release device 43 to the disengaged condition, using only the biasing force from the biasing spring 88.

[0113] To remove the cleaning implement 21 from the gripping mechanism 36, the tool assembly includes an ejection device 91 at the distal end of the plunger mechanism 42. FIG. 11 best illustrates that the ejection device 91 includes an ejection post extending distally beyond the cam surface 87 of the plunger head 44. The distal end of the ejection post 91 is slightly domed, and extends from the distal end of the cylindrical body of the plunger head 44 by about 0.1-0.2 inches, and more preferably about 0.13 inches. As cam surface 87 of the plunger head 44 axially displaces from the disengaged condition to the engaged condition, the ejection post contacts the planar engaging surface 77 of the fitment post 26. Once the distal tip portions 55 of the finger members 52 are sufficiently expanded, the ejection post of the plunger head ejects the retaining barb from the collet device 41 (FIG. 5C).

[0114] It will be understood, however, that the cleaning implement 21 will not be fully ejected from the maneuvering wand 28. Although the retaining barb 27 has been ejected from the mouth portion 33 of the collet device, the fitment post 26 is still retained in the wand opening 31 of the maneuvering wand. That is, the anti-cam out annular ribs will still loosely support the fitment post therein until the maneuvering wand is directed downward. This gravity release feature is important in that the mere actuation of the release device 43 will not inadvertently eject the cleaning implement 21 from the maneuvering wand 28. For example, even though the user may intentionally actuate the slide switch 46 to release the retaining barb, they may not have the cleaning implement 21 directly over a garbage bin at that time. As such, to cause actual removal of the cleaning implement from the maneuvering wand, in addition to actuation of the release device, the maneuvering wand must also be directed downwardly for gravity release as well.

[0115] According to various embodiments, as briefly described above, the contacting components of the release device 43 are configured and cooperate to reduce drag or frictional contact therebetween. This is an important feature in that a high axial retention force is necessary to retain the fitment retaining barb 27 in the collet device 41 (preferably in the range of five (5) lbf. to about fifteen (15) lbf.). However, requiring the user to apply a similar force to operate the slide switch past the threshold position would not consumer friendly. In fact, consumer testing has shown that a much more desirable actuator release force range is about one (1) lbf. to about five (5) lbf., and more preferably about one and three-quarters (1) lbf.

[0116] As mentioned, it is the underside contact of the displacement surfaces 54 of the finger members 52 by the cam surface 87 of the axial moving plunger head 44, from the disengaged condition to the engaged condition, that causes the radial expansion of the distal tip portions 55 of the finger members 52, from the gripping position to the release position. The radial expansion is primarily generated by the frictional contact between the axial displacement of the cam surface 87 of the plunger head 44 and the collective conically, shaped underside displacement surfaces 54 of the finger members 52. To displace the slide switch 46 from the disengaged condition to the fully engaged condition, therefore, the user must primarily overcome the sum of these frictional forces and the spring biasing force caused by the compression of the biasing spring 88. Accordingly, by significantly reducing the frictional drag between these working surfaces of the inter-engaging components, the desired release force at the slide switch 46 can be more easily achieved while at the same time providing the necessary holding force by the gripping mechanism.

[0117] The primary source of this drag originates from the sliding contact between the cam surface 87 at the distal circumferential end of the plunger head 44 with the underside displacement surfaces 54 of the collet finger members. Briefly, the secondary source of the drag originates from the sliding contact of the pushrod against the interior walls of the maneuvering wand, as well as the flex of the pushrod, during axial displacement between the disengaged and engaged conditions.

[0118] One technique to reduce frictional drag between the components is to reduce the surface area contact. As shown in FIG. 11, the longitudinal cross-sectional profile of the cam surface 87 is slightly convex shaped in a smooth and constant curvature. Accordingly, as the plunger cam surface 87 slideably contacts the underside displacement surfaces 54 of the finger members 52, a relative point contact is caused at the longitudinal cross-sectional profile thereof, or collectively, a thin circle contact region (FIGS. 5B and 5C).

[0119] Moreover, according to various embodiments, the underside displacement surfaces 54 of the finger members 52 are also configured to reduce the drag with the plunger cam surface 87. In a similar manner, the longitudinal cross-sectional profile of the displacement surfaces 54 are slightly convex (FIGS. 5 and 9), each providing a like smooth and constant curvature from the proximal opening 50 to the distal tip portions 55 thereof. Accordingly, the two opposed, constantly curved, convex surfaces slideably contact one another at an even finer circular working region in an effort to reduce drag therebetween.

[0120] According to various embodiments, in addition to the matched curvatures of the plunger head cam surface 87 and the underside displacement surface 54 of the associated finger member 52, the frictional drag therebetween is reduced still further. As viewed in FIGS. 8, 9 and 14, protruding radially inwardly from each underside displacement surface 54 of the associated finger member is at least one upstanding contact rib 92. These radially spaced-apart contact ribs generally extend in a direction longitudinal to the collet device 41, and are bowed or convex-shaped in a profile generally mirroring that of the longitudinal cross-sectional profile of the cam surface 87. In addition, each contact rib is also convex shaped in the transverse cross-sectional dimension (FIG. 14), creating essentially a point-to-point contact of each contact rib 92 and the cam surface 87 of the plunger head 44. In essence, a reduced friction, virtual working surface is generated between the plunger cam surface 87 and the underside displacement surfaces 54.

[0121] Preferably, two spaced-apart contact ribs 92 are provided for each displacement surface 54 of the corresponding finger members 52. For example, in the four finger members of the collet device 41, there are a total of eight (8) radially spaced-apart upstanding contact ribs 92. FIG. 14 best illustrates, therefore, that there are essentially eight sliding contact points between the collet displacement surfaces 54 and the plunger cam surface 87. It will be appreciated, however, that more or less upstanding contact ribs 92 can be increased or decreased. Generally, a minimum number of contact points is desirable, while providing sufficient stability of the sliding contact.

[0122] To even further reduce frictional drag, the coefficient of friction between the collet displacement surfaces 54 and the plunger cam surface 87 is reduced. This may be performed by smoothing these contacting surfaces to remove and eliminate any burring and/or imperfections to provided a uniformly curved and polished surface on each of the upstanding contact ribs 92 and the plunger cam surface 87. Accordingly, the more polished the sliding surfaces, the lower the coefficient of friction therebetween.

[0123] According to various embodiments, to reduce the coefficient of friction therebetween is through material selection, the inclusion of other friction modifiers, and/or the addition of other friction reducing materials. For example, such low friction materials include nylon, polypropelene, polyethylene, TEFZEL, TEFLON materials, and acetal, etc. Friction modifiers may include plastics having additives made of one or more of the following: TEFLON (PTFE), oils, molybdenum disulfide, and graphite.

[0124] Finally, the contact angle between the curvature of the plunger cam surface 87 and the curvature of the upstanding contact ribs 92 are matched to eliminate or substantially reduce the wedging effect between the two sliding contact components. With two surfaces in sliding contact with one another, the contact angle determines the wedging action therebetween. By matching the curvature of the underside displacement surfaces 54 of the collet device to the curvature of the plunger cam surface 87, a constant line of contact therebetween can be achieved. In the current embodiment, the plunger head pushes on two raised ribs 92, whose surface intersects a virtual constant curvature along the plunger path. For example, if the collective underside displacement surfaces 54 of the collet device were cone-shaped and the plunger head 44 were sphere-shaped, the curvature of the displacement surface of each collet finger would only match the plunger cam surface at one point along its path. In this example, hence, everywhere else along the path would have point contacts.

[0125] Preferably, the contact angle is in the range of about three (3) Degrees per side to about twenty (20) Degrees per side, an more preferably about twelve (12) Degrees per side with the collet device in the gripping position.

[0126] The combination of the contact angles between the curvature of the plunger cam surface 87 and the curvature of the upstanding contact ribs 92, and the coefficient of friction therebetween, wedging will be eliminated or substantially reduced between the collet device 41 and the plunger head 44, even when the plunger head is past the threshold displacement portion and in the fully engaged condition. Accordingly, as mentioned, once the user selectively releases operation of the slide switch when fully in the engaged condition (FIG. 5C), although delayed, the opposite biasing force of the biasing spring 88 will return the release device to the normal disengaged condition (FIG. 5A).

[0127] An additional advantage of this ribbed configuration is that it provides a self-cleaning function. Since these longitudinally extending contact ribs 92 are upstanding from the corresponding displacement surface 54, any contaminate will tend to migrate between the intermediary space between the contact ribs. This self-cleaning feature, accordingly, helps reduce contaminant scoring and retain the highly polished contacting surfaces in their highly polished state for a greater duration.

[0128] The sliding frictional contact between the release pushrod 45 and the interior walls of the maneuvering wand 28 is also reduced. This is especially imperative since the maneuvering wand 28 is slightly curved. Thus, the dynamic interaction of the pushrod 45, as it displaces between the disengaged condition and the engaged condition, is significantly different than if the maneuvering wand were generally straight. That is, since the maneuvering wand 28 is curved, frictional contact between the pushrod 45 and the interior walls 60 of the maneuvering wand 28 will likely occur, increasing collective frictional drag.

[0129] To reduce the inherent contact of the pushrod 45 against the interior walls 60 defining the longitudinal wand cavity 32 as the release device reciprocates between the disengaged condition and the engaged condition, the pushrod 45 is configured to have a curvature, in its natural steady state, similar to that of the maneuvering wand 28. This is clearly shown in FIGS. 3 and 10, which illustrates the release device 43 in a longitudinal cross-sectional dimension.

[0130] To facilitate centering and support of the pushrod 45 in the wand cavity 32 as the release device 43 reciprocates between the disengaged and the engaged condition, the maneuvering wand includes a plurality of support bearings 93 axially spaced-apart along the longitudinal axis of the wand cavity (FIGS. 3 and 5). Each support bearing 93 is plate-like and is disposed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the maneuvering wand 28. Extending longitudinally through each support bearing is a generally circular aperture defined by a bearing surface 95.

[0131] The diameter of the circular aperture is sufficiently large to enable reciprocal passage of the pushrod 45 therethrough. The tolerance between the diameter of the circular aperture and the diameter of the pushrod 45, for instance, is in the range of about 0.003 inch to about 0.050 inch, and more preferably about 0.010 inch per side. In one example, the pushrod diameter is in the range of about 0.050 inch to about 0.375 inch, and more preferably about 0.17 inch, while the diameter of the circular aperture is about 0.19 inch.

[0132] As the pushrod axially reciprocates, portions of the exterior surfaces of the pushrod 45 slideably engage the bearing surfaces 95 of the support bearings 93 to center the pushrod 45 and prevent sliding contact with the interior walls 60 defining the wand cavity. As mentioned, this is specifically imperative since the wand cavity is slightly curved. In the specific embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, six (6) support bearings 93 are axially spaced-apart along the wand cavity 32 in addition to the bearing surface of the distal spring retainer plate 90. The spacing between adjacent support bearings 93 is slightly less in the wand cavity were the bend radius is more pronounced. Just at the region just distal to the sliding switch, bearing structure spacing is smaller than that at the attachment end of the maneuvering wand, since the likelihood of frictional contact with the interior walls is increased.

[0133] To reduce frictional sliding contact, similar to the plunger cam surface 87 and the finger underside displacement surfaces 54, the bearing surfaces 95 are each convex-shaped in a smooth and constantly curved manner. Thus, FIGS. 5A-5C best illustrate that any sliding contact with the exterior surface of the pushrod 45 with be essentially a point contact with the respective bearing surface 95.

[0134] According to various embodiments, the pushrod 45 must be sufficiently flexible to negotiate the curvature of the maneuvering wand 28 during reciprocal movement therethrough, yet be sufficiently stiff to open the finger members upon engagement with the plunger head 44. The bending and stiffness properties can be controlled through material selection, thickness of the pushrod, as well as the pushrod design. Generally, however, a stiffness in the range of about 0.06 inch to about 1.0 inch deflection with the slide switch end clamped and about a seven (7) gram weight attached to the plunger tip, and more preferably about 0.17 inch deflection with seven (7) gram weight.

[0135] Moreover, according to various embodiments as exemplarily shown in FIG. 12, the transverse cross-sectional dimension of the pushrod is generally cross-shaped. Each cross portion 96 of the pushrod has a height of preferably about 0.17 inch. Further, each cross portion 96 extends substantially the longitudinal length of the pushrod, and terminates radially at a rounded, smoothly curved lobes 97. Accordingly, as the release device 43 is urged between the disengaged condition and the engaged condition, if any sliding contact occurs between the pushrod curved lobes 97 and bearing surfaces 95 of any of the support bearings, the frictional contact will be significantly reduced similar to the techniques applied above. These include matching of the contacting angles between the sliding surfaces, as well as polishing the surfaces to reduce the coefficient of friction therebetween.

[0136] Collectively, by applying the design and friction reducing techniques discussed, the drag between the plunger head and the collet device, as well as between the pushrod 45 and the support bearings can be significantly reduced. Accordingly, the tool assembly designed in accordance with the present invention is capable of achieving a sufficiently high holder force on the order of about five (5) lbf. to about fifteen (15) lbf., and more preferably about nine (9) lbf. to about eleven (11) lbf., while at the same time achieving a consumer friendly release force at the slide switch on the order of about one (1) lbf. to about five (5) lbf., and more preferably about one and three-quarters (1) lbf. to about three and one-half (3) lbf.

[0137] As discussed above, various embodiments of a pad or substrate may be provided with a selected handle or holder such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,127,768; 7,275,276; 7,386,910; 7,603,739; 8,286,295; and 9,021,649, all incorporated herein by reference. Turning reference to FIGS. 15, 16, 17, and 18, a pad with substrate assembly 1500 is illustrated. The pad 1500 may be substantially planar surface, include no bore or include one or more bore or blind bore. The substrate assembly or pad 1500 may be similar in various constructions and compositions to the pad sold with the Toilet Wand toilet cleaning assembly sold by The Clorox Company, having a place of business in California, USA. In various embodiments, the pad 1500 may include fibers that are identical to those of pad included with the Toilet Wand toilet cleaning assembly. The pad 1500 may be formed into a selected shape, including the circular or annular shapes as discussed above or in other appropriate geometric shapes. For example, the pad 1500 may be formed as a hexagon having six sides 1504 and six vertices 1506. It is understood, however, that the pad 1500 may be formed in any appropriate geometric shape and a hexagon is merely exemplary. Other exemplary shapes might also include an octagon or a square.

[0138] The pad 1500 may further include a selected number of layers. In various embodiments, the pad 1500 would be formed as a single layer. In various embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 16, the pad may include three layers. The pad 1500 may include an outer or end layer 1510, a middle layer 1514, and an upper or holding layer 1518. The three layers may be fixed together, such as with a selected adhesive. The pad 1500 may be adhered together and have a fitment 1522 fixed to the second end or upper layer 1518. The fitment 1522 may be connected to the upper layer in an appropriate manner. For example, the fitment 1522 may be adhered to the upper layer 1518 with a selected adhesive. In various embodiments, however, the fitment 1522 may be at least partially molded to the upper layer 1518 by heating either or both of the fitment 1522 and the upper layer 1518 allowing a melt adhesion between the fitment 1522 and the upper layer 1518. The fitment 1522 may be similar or identical to the fitment portion 23 discussed above having the fitment post 26.

[0139] According to various embodiments, the pad 1500, including at least the outer or end layer 1510 may be formed of a high loft and nonwoven polymer material. In various embodiments, the pad 1500 may include only a single layer 1510. The fitment 1522 may be connected to the layer 1510. It is understood by one skilled in the art, however, that additional layers may include the and the upper layer 1518 that is also a high loft and nonwoven polymer material. The nonwoven polymer material may be formed with fiber strands that are formed into the high loft pad with selected processes. The middle layer 1514 may be formed in a selected manner such as in a similar or identical manner as the other layers. However, the middle layer 1514 may include a selected lotion or cleaning material that is embedded or soaked into the middle layer 1514 either prior to and/or after the formation of the pad 1500 with the three layers 1510, 1514, 1518.

[0140] According to various embodiments, the three layers may be fixed together. The middle layer 1514 may then be soaked or loaded with a selected material, such as a lotion or cleaning agent. The loading may occur such as through injection through one or both of the outer layers 1510, 1518. Thus, the middle layer 1514 may be loaded with the selected compound.

[0141] The end layer 1510 may also be coated with a selected material. The coating may be referred to as a scrubbiness coating or material. As discussed herein, the coating may include one or more materials and/or combinations thereof. Without being bound by the theory, the applied coating of the layer 1510 may increase a scrubbiness of the pad portion 1510. The scrubbiness and an increase in scrubbiness may be understood to be an increase in at least one of a stiffness, rigidity, coefficient of friction, roughness, resistance to lateral movement of the coated pad relative to an uncoated pad differing substantially or only by the application of the coating.

[0142] The coating may be applied in a selected manner and/or combinations of manners. For example, the end layer 1510 may be coated such as by being sprayed, being dipped into a volume of material, or the like with the selected material. The coating material for the end layer 1510 may include a styrene acrylic copolymer adhesive. In various embodiments, the coating material may be a selected polymer, and may include acrylic polymers by themselves (e.g., a latex compound coating or a polymer adhesive). Other selected materials may also include acetate polymers or copolymers such as styrene acetate copolymers. The styrene acrylate copolymer may be applied to the end layer 1510 in an appropriate manner and amount, as discussed herein. According to various embodiments, the styrene acrylic copolymer is applied to the end layer 1510 by spraying the coating material onto an end surface 1524 of the end pad 1510. In various embodiments the coating material, also referred to as a composition, may include a majority of the styrene acrylic copolymer with a minor weight percent (wt %) of a dye. Again, various mixtures are discussed further herein.

[0143] Turning reference to FIG. 18, each of the three layers 1510, 1514, 1518 may have respective thicknesses 1510t, 1514t, and 1518t. According to various embodiments, the respective thicknesses of the outer or end layer 1510 and the bottom layer or connection layer 1518 may be substantially identical or similar. The middle layer thickness 1514t may generally be less than the other two thicknesses.

[0144] The coating material coated on to the end layer 1510 may generally soak into the high loft material of the end layer 1510 a selected amount. According to various embodiments, the composition or coating may soak a distance or depth 1530 into the end layer 1510. The depth 1530 may be an appropriate amount and may vary based upon a selected volume of material applied, method of application, or other variations to the end layer 1510. Nevertheless, the depth 1530 may be defined as an absolute or discrete distance, such as about 0.1 millimeters (mm) to about 10 mm, including about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, and further including about 1 mm to about 5 mm, including about 4 mm, about 5 mm, about 6 mm, and about 7 mm. According to various embodiments, the depth 1530 may be a ratio or a percentage of the thickness 1510 of the end layer 1510. Therefore, the depth 1530 may be about 5% to about 95% of the thickness 1510t of the end layer 1510. According to various embodiments, however, the depth 1530 may be about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, and any discrete portion thereof of the thickness 1510t.

[0145] Without being bound by the theory, it is believed and understood by the inventors that the styrene acrylic copolymer interacts with the fibers of the nonwoven pad layer 1510 to increase a scrubbiness of the pad portion 1510. The scrubbiness and an increase in scrubbiness may be understood to be an increase in at least one of a stiffness, rigidity, coefficient of friction, roughness, resistance to lateral movement of the coated pad relative to an uncoated pad differing substantially or only by the application of the coating. Briefly, and is discussed further herein, the applied composition of the coating may adhere together various portions of the fibers of the pad layer 1510 and/or apply solid and/or adhere solids to the fibers of the pad 1510.

[0146] The pad 1500 may have selected dimensions between the opposite vertices 1506 and opposite sides 1504. For example, a dimension between opposing vertices may be a dimension 1507 that is about 2 inches (in) to about 4 in, including about 2.5 in to about 3.5 in, including about 2.5 in to about 3 in, including about 2.7 in. Further a dimension 1505 between opposing sides may include a selected dimension 1505 including about 2 in to about 4 in, including about 2 in to about 3 in, including about 2.5 in to about 3 inches, including about 2.56 in, about 2.52 in, and discrete dimensions between about 2.4 in and about 2.6 in. According to various embodiments, the dimension 1505 between opposing sides 1504 may be about 60 mm to about 70 mm, including about 64 mm and about 65 mm.

[0147] Further, the side 1504 may have a dimension 1509 between adjacent vertices of about 1 in to about 2 in, about 1.25 in to about 1.75 in, and about 1.5 in. Further, the dimension 1510t of the pad portion 1510 may be about 0.25 in to about 0.75 in, about 0.3 in to about 0.7 in, including about 0.4 in. In various embodiments, the side dimension 1509 maybe about 30 mm to about 50 mm, about 35 mm to about 45 mm, about 35 mm to about 40 mm, including about 35 mm, 36 millimeters, 37 mm, 38 mm, 39 mm, and about 40 mm. Dimension 1510t may be about 5 mm to about 10 mm, including incremental variations between about 5 mm to about 10 mm. Therefore, a surface area of 1510f of the pad 1500 may be about 3100 square mm to about 4300 square mm, including about 3000 square mm to about 4000 square mm, including about 3500 square mm to about 3800 square mm, including about 3600 square mm to about 3700 square mm, and further including about 3658 square mm.

[0148] It is understood that the dimensions between the opposite vertices or the opposite sides may not be exactly the same between each of the respective opposite sides or vertices due at least to the material of the pad 1500. The dimensions may be average dimensions for the pad.

[0149] According to various embodiments, the coating composition may include a mixture of the styrene acrylic copolymer adhesive that may be Unibond 3184 combination with a dye may be applied to the pad 1500. Unibond 3184 is available from Unichem Specialty Chemicals, LLC having a place of business at Greenville, SC. Various other and/or additional compounds that may be used in the coating may be acetate polymers or copolymers, which may include acrylic polymers by themselves (e.g., a latex compound coating or a polymer adhesive), vinyl acrylics, vinyl acetates. According to various embodiments, about 97 wt % to about 99.9 wt % of the mixture may be the acrylic copolymer compound and about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % may be the dye. It is understood, however, that the acrylic copolymer compound may be in solution as may the dye including about 40% to about 60%, including about 50% solvent. Thus, discrete amount of the acrylic copolymer and/or the dye in the mixture may vary. For example, the polymer compound may be about 46 wt % to about 52 wt % and the remainder being solvent. Accordingly, herein the coating may refer to the mixture of the polymer material (e.g., a styrene acrylic copolymer adhesive) and a dye. The mixture, including the dye, may have selected properties, such as being water insolvent. It is understood, however, that the dye and/or the polymer material may be water soluble or water insoluble. For example, the polymer material may be water insoluble once cured to the pad 1510 to ensure scrubbiness is maintained.

[0150] Turning reference to FIG. 19, the pad may initially be an uncoated pad 1510nc. As noted above, the uncoated pad may include a plurality of nonwoven fibers 1540 of a selected material, as noted above. The nonwoven fibers 1540 may be formed into the uncoated pad 1510nc that is not coated.

[0151] Turning reference to FIG. 20, the pad 1510 may be coated in an appropriate manner, as discussed above. According to various embodiments, the mixture of the acrylic copolymer and the dye may be sprayed onto the surface of the pad. The surface may be sprayed with a selected amount of the coating to at least attempt to have an even distribution of the coating on the surface of the pad 1510. In various embodiments, the pad 1510nc may be dipped into a volume of the mixture. Further, other appropriate application techniques may be provided.

[0152] In various embodiment, a selected mass of the mixture is sprayed onto the pad to form the coated pad 1510. According to various embodiments, about 0.2 grams (g) to about 0.6 g of the mixture may be sprayed onto the pad, including about 0.4 g. As illustrated in FIG. 20, the coated pad 1510 may then cure. In various embodiments, the applied mixture may dry at a temperature of about 250 degrees Fahrenheit for a selected curing time, such as about 10 seconds to about 40 seconds, including about 30 seconds. After the curing, the mixture may polymerize and/or form selected adhesions or globules 1544. The coating may be evenly dispersed, according to various embodiments, or include areas with more coating, such as edges and/or inclusive of the globules.

[0153] With reference to FIG. 21, a close-up or magnified view of the uncoated fibers 1540 is illustrated of the uncoated pad 1510nc. A reference 1541 illustrates the dimension of about 500 micrometers. Turning reference to FIG. 22, the globule area 1544 shows an area where a plurality of fibers is present substantially near one another. This may also be referred to as an intersection of the fibers 1540. After the application of the mixture, the fibers become coated fibers 1548. A selected volume of the material may polymerize, such as near the intersection of a plurality of the fibers, into the globular area 1544 to form a polymerized globular 1552. According to various embodiments, the polymerized globule 1552 may also include selected solids in the globule. Also, smaller globules 1558 may be formed on the coated fibers 1548 alone which may be smaller than the larger globules and/or the fibers may be coated forming the coated fibers 1548. It is understood that on the nonwoven pad that an even distribution may be formed due to interaction with individual or plurality of the fibers 1540 and the porous nature of the pad 1510. However, a uniform coating over the surface may not be formed due to the fibers and porous nature of the pad 1510. Thus, the coating may allow globules to be formed due to polymerization of the material.

[0154] Accordingly, as illustrated FIG. 22, the application of the mixture to the pad 1510 allows for formation of selected polymerized globules, coating of the fibers, and smaller globules. Therefore, the fibers individually and/or as a whole in the fiber pad layer 1510 may include physical characteristics, as discussed further herein, that may differ from the uncoated pad or non-coated pad 1510nc.

[0155] As illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 22 a mass, such as a first mass, of the mixture is applied to the entire surface area of the pad 1510, as discussed above. It is understood, however, that differing masses may be applied. Turning reference to FIGS. 23 and 24, a higher or large (also referred to as extra) amount of the mixture may be applied to the pad. The larger amount may be applied in a substantially similar manner to allow for a greater amount of the material to be applied to the pad 1510.

[0156] Even with a larger amount, however, the similar large globules 1552 may be formed that may be denser based upon the larger amount of material. Further, small globules 1558 also form on the coated fibers 1548. In the intersection of a plurality of the fiber is the globule 1552 that forms and the dark spots that may be seen from a distance, is illustrated in FIG. 23. Again, the reference 1541 illustrates about 500 microns for illustration.

[0157] The large amount of material may be about 0.6 g to about 1 g, about 0.7 g to about 0.9 g, and including about 0.8 g applied to the surface area of the pad.

[0158] Again, the coating may be applied in a selected manner that may be distributed evenly over the pad but not evenly coated on the entire surface due to the porous nature of the nonwoven pad in the individual fibers forming the pad 1510.

[0159] According to various embodiments, the coating may be applied only to the layer 1510. The fitment 1522 may only be connected to the layer 1518. Thus, the pad 1500 may have distinct portions and/or segments yet have the properties as discussed herein.

[0160] The coated pad 1510 and/or the pad assembly 1500 has various characteristics that may be measured. As discussed above, the coating may be applied to the end in a selected amount. During testing, a pad with no coating was tested using various techniques relative to a pad with a low or initial amount of coding, such as about 0.4 grams and a pad with extra coating such as about 0.7 to about 0.8 grams, including about 0.75 grams. The various amounts may be referred to as no coating, low coating, and extra coating.

[0161] According to various embodiments, the mixture applied to the pad 1500 may be of selected masses. Mass amounts may include about 0.2 g to about 2 g; about 0.5 g to about 1.5 g; and about 0.4 g to about 1.2 g. The mass amount is coated per pad such that a selected amount of material is applied to the pad 1510 and may, therefore, be understood to be a mass of coating per area, as discussed above. For example, about 0.2 g per about 3600 square mm to about 2 g per about 3600 square mm. In various examples, the mass per area may be about 0.001 g per square centimeter (cm) to about 0.5 g per square cm, including about 0.01 g per square cm. In the mixture, the dye may be about 0.01 wt % to about 1 wt %; 0.02 wt % to about 0.5 wt %; and about 0.03 wt % to about 0.2 wt %.

[0162] As noted above, the pads with various amounts of the coating material may be tested for various features. For example, with reference to FIG. 25, a plot of data and a box plot are provided for a TS7 data and a TS750 data determined by measuring a sound spectrum as ceramic vanes are rotated on a test sample with Tactile Sensation Analyzer, such as provided by emtec Electronic GmbH. and/or modified in tests of the pad 1500, 1510. Generally, the TS7 data corresponds to roughness on a smaller scale (e.g., micro-surface variations or feeling of softness), and the TS750 data corresponds to roughness on the larger scale (e.g., macro-surface variations). In other words, TS7 corresponds to softness, which is primarily driven by fiber properties of a given sample and TS750 corresponds to roughness, which is primarily driven by surface features of a given sample. Briefly, the Tactile Sensation Analyzer includes blades that are pressed into a sample with a selected force and moved and the amount of vertical vibration relates to roughness. While softness is measured by an amount of vibration of the blade as the blade vibrates after passing a portion of the sample. For example, data may be collected regarding an intensity of sound and frequency thereof.

[0163] FIG. 25 illustrates the amounts of force in millinewtons (mN) for both of the different tests and the amount of measured roughness for both of the tests for various amounts of coating applied to the pad. In the box plot, a vertical force applied in each respective test run is 100 mN, 200 mN, and 400 mN. As illustrated in the boxplot graph in FIG. 25, the coating amount and/or having a coating includes at least a median amount of roughness for both of the TS7 and the TS750 tests that is greater when an amount of coating is provided at each of the different applied forces.

[0164] A texture of the coated pad 1510 was also tested. Regarding the texture, the measurement included an amount of movement of a sample with an applied force. With reference to FIG. 26, a bar chart illustrates the amount of out of plane movement at 200 mN of the pad with no coating, low coating, and high (also referred to as extra) coating. The out of plane movement may be understood to be a bend or deflection of the item, such as the pad 1500 and/or pad layer 1510. The greater the E value, the more movement measured in the respective pads. The E value (i.e., a measurement of elasticity as determined by an amount of out of plane movement) is also measured by the Tactile Sensation Analyzer. Accordingly, as illustrated in the bar chart in FIG. 26, including even a low amount of coating reduces the amount of movement by about half relative to a pad having no coating.

[0165] Turning reference to FIG. 27A, FIG. 27B, and FIG. 27C, a coefficient of friction is measured for pads having no coating 1580, low coating 1584, and medium coating 1588. The measurement is generally determined via a test apparatus developed to determine a performance substrate force measurement by measuring ease of movement of the item (e.g., the pad 1500, 1510) across surface when force is applied. The force is generally applied vertically onto the material and then the material is moved in a plane using lateral motion for a selected time, such as about 10 seconds. As illustrated in the graphs, the coefficient of friction increased from about 0.2 to about 0.3, to about 0.4 between each of the respective no coating, low coating, and medium coating as illustrated in the graphs 1580, 1584, and 1588. Further, the graphs illustrate a vibration or a stick-slip phenomena which illustrates a scrubbiness or abrasiveness of the pad where the pad requires a greater amount of force followed by a reduced amount of force to move rather than a substantially similar or even force at all times. The graphs 1580, 1584, 1588 illustrate the measured force in foot pounds to move the pad over a selected period of time measured of about 10 seconds. The graphs 1580, 1584, 1588 illustrate a slow or relatively slow movement of the pad period in particular, the pad is moved at 7 inches per second to about 11 inches per second, including about 9 inches per second.

[0166] Turning reference to FIG. 28A, FIG. 28B, and FIG. 28C, and graphs 1590, 1594, and 1598, a fast movement of the pad is illustrated for each of the respective no coating, low coating, and medium coating. The graphs 1590, 1594, and 1598 illustrate a fast or relatively fast movement of the pad period in particular, the pad is moved at 15 inches per second to about 20 inches per second, including about 18 inches per second. Again, for each of the coating amounts, the coefficient of friction is measured at about 0.2, 0.27, to about 0.25, respectively. Thus, the coating pad has a greater measured coefficient of friction.

[0167] In both the slow and fast movement, the pad 1510 may be moved laterally on a plane with an applied force. The movement may be back and forth (e.g., movement to in a first direction (e.g., right) for a selected period of time and then in a second or opposite direction (e.g., left) for a selected portion of time at the selected speed. The force to move the pad 1510 in the lateral directions may be measured over the period of time to collect data of the changes over time, as graphed in FIGS. 27A, 27B, 27C, 28A, 28B, and 28C. The adjacent and greater changes between peaks and valleys of the coated pads illustrate the stick-slip phenomenon that illustrates a greater amount of scrubbiness (e.g., coefficient of friction) which may be illustrated as measured vibrations during the movement.

[0168] Accordingly, the coated pad 1500 having the selected coating achieves a greater amount of scrubbiness as measured by a higher coefficient of friction, a greater roughness, and/or a resistance to lateral movement. Coated pad 1500 may increase a cleaning action when compared to an uncoated pad. The pad 1500 may be mounted to the handle according to any appropriate mechanism, such as that discussed above and/or any other appropriate mechanism. The coating, however, may allow for a greater amount of cleaning force and achievement without requiring a denser number of fibers, alternative material, or the like. Also a greater amount of cleaning may be achieved without requiring alternative lotion.

[0169] Again, without being bound by the theory, it is believed and understood by the inventors that the styrene acrylic copolymer adhesive interacts with the fibers of the nonwoven pad layer 1510 to increase a scrubbiness of the pad portion 1510. Interactions include coating the fibers individually and/or forming a globule on one or more of the figures. Further interactions include connecting two or more fibers at intersections of the fibers within the pad 1510. Thus, the fibers are not able to move once the globule forms at the intersection. These interactions, and/or other interactions, cause the pad 1510 to have a scrubbiness that is increased relative to an uncoated pad of the same fibers and density. The increase in scrubbiness may be understood to be an increase in at least one of a stiffness, rigidity, coefficient of friction, roughness, resistance to lateral movement of the coated pad relative to an uncoated pad differing substantially or only by the application of the coating.

[0170] The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.

[0171] Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail.

[0172] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms a, an, and the may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms comprises, comprising, including, and having, are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.

[0173] When an element or layer is referred to as being on, engaged to, connected to, or coupled to another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being directly on, directly engaged to, directly connected to, or directly coupled to another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., between versus directly between, adjacent versus directly adjacent, etc.). As used herein, the term and/or includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.