SHOCKWAVE VALVULOPLASTY CATHETER SYSTEM

Abstract

A valvuloplasty system comprises a balloon adapted to be placed adjacent leaflets of a valve. The balloon is inflatable with a liquid. The system further includes a shock wave generator within the balloon that produces shock waves. The shock waves propagate through the liquid and impinge upon the valve to decalcify and open the valve.

Claims

1. An intravascular valvuloplasty system for treating a heart valve having leaflets, the system comprising: a power supply configured to generate voltage pulses; an elongate body having an inflation lumen; a shock wave generator for generating shock waves and comprising an electrode pair connected to the power supply and including a first electrode formed by an outer conductive shield and a second electrode formed by an inner conductor, the electrode pair configured to create shock waves when the voltage pulses are applied to the electrodes; and a balloon that is inflatable with a liquid via the inflation lumen and is configured to remain intact as the shock waves propagate through the liquid in the balloon.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the outer conductive shield and the inner conductor are coaxial.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the outer conductive shield is annular.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the shock wave generator is configured to create the shock waves to impinge on the leaflets.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the power supply is configured to generate voltage pulses that are synchronized to R waves of the heart.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the balloon has a reduced diameter portion configured to be received within a valve annulus.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the outer conductive shield is insulated from the inner conductor.

8. An intravascular valvuloplasty system for treating a heart valve having leaflets, the system comprising: a power supply configured to generate voltage pulses; an elongate body having an inflation lumen; a first shock wave generator comprising a first electrode pair connected to the power supply and including a first inner electrode and a first outer electrode that is disposed outwardly of the first inner electrode; a second shock wave generator comprising a second electrode pair connected to the power supply and including a second inner electrode and a second outer electrode that is disposed outwardly of the second inner electrode; a balloon that is inflatable with a liquid via the inflation lumen and is configured to remain intact as the shock waves propagate through the liquid in the balloon, where the first and second shock wave generators are each configured to create shock waves when the voltage pulses are applied to the first and second electrodes.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the first inner electrode and first outer electrode are coaxial and the second inner electrode and the second outer electrode are coaxial.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the first and second shock wave generators are configured to create shock waves concurrently to impinge on the leaflets.

11. The system of claim 8, wherein the first shock wave generator is configured to be positioned on a first side of the leaflets and the second shock wave generator is configured to be positioned on a second side of the leaflets.

12. The system of claim 8, wherein the first shock wave generator is longitudinally spaced from the second shock wave generator.

13. The system of claim 8, wherein the balloon has a reduced diameter portion configured to be received within a valve annulus.

14. The system of claim 8, wherein the balloon has a reduced diameter portion and the first and second shock wave generators are positioned in opposite sides of the reduced diameter portion of the balloon.

15. The system of claim 8, wherein the first inner electrode is insulated from the first outer electrode and the second inner electrode is insulated from the second outer electrode.

16. The system of claim 8, wherein the balloon comprises a first chamber surrounding the first shock wave generator and a second chamber surrounding the second shock wave generator.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the inflation lumen is configured to inflate both the first chamber and the second chamber.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the inflation lumen is configured to inflate only one of the first chamber and the second chamber.

19. The system of claim 16, wherein first chamber and the second chamber are longitudinally offset from each other.

20. The system of claim 8, wherein the first inner electrode is located at a distal end of a first conductor that is connected to the power supply and the second inner electrode is located at a distal end of a second conductor that is connected to the power supply.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The various described embodiments of the invention, together with representative features and advantages thereof, may best be understood by making reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in the several figures of which like reference numerals identify identical elements, and wherein:

[0022] FIG. 1 is a cut away view of the left ventricle, the aorta, and the aortic valve of a heart showing a reduced aortic valve open area and thickened valve leaflets due to calcium and fibrotic tissue;

[0023] FIG. 2 is a cut away view of the aortic valve of a heart with a treatment balloon placed on both sides of the aortic valve leaflets, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a dual shockwave balloon embodying the invention attached to a high voltage power supply; and

[0025] FIG. 4 is a cut away view of a heart showing an alternate valvuloplasty shock wave balloon according to a further embodiment and aspects of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] Referring now to FIG. 1, it is a cut away view of the left ventricle 12, the aorta 14, and the aortic valve 16 of a heart 10 with a stenotic and calcified aortic valve 16. Here more particularly, it may be seen that the opening 17 of the stenotic and calcified aortic valve 16 is restricted in size and that the valve leaflets 18 are thickened with calcium deposits and fibrotic tissue. The thickened leaflets 18 and smaller valve opening 17 restrict blood flow from the heart creating excess work for the heart 10 and poor cardiac output. As previously mentioned, current treatment includes replacement of the valve or attempts too stretch the valve annulus with a balloon.

[0027] FIG. 2 is a cut away view of the aortic valve 16 with a treatment balloon 22 placed on both sides of the aortic valve leaflets 18. The balloon 22 may be formed from a compliant or a non-compliant material. The balloon, as seen in FIG. 2, is at the distal end of an elongated tube 23. The treatment balloon 22 has two longitudinally spaced chambers 24 and 26 that share a common inflation lumen 25 of the tube 23. Alternatively the balloon chambers 24 and 26 may not share the same inflation fluid path. The chambers 24 and 26 are longitudinally spaced such that chamber 24 is positioned on one side of the aortic valve leaflets 18 and chamber 26 is positioned on the other side of the aortic valve leaflets 18. The chambers 24 and 26 are inflated with saline/contrast mixture, for example. Each chamber 24 and 26 may contain an electrode (as shall be seen subsequently) that can produce electrical arcs to deliver timed shock waves. The shock waves can be synchronized to concurrently impinge upon both sides of the leaflets 18 to maximize the effectiveness of breaking calcium deposits. Such shock waves may be generated and also synchronized to the R wave of the heart 10 in a manner as described for example in co-pending application No. 61/061,170 filed on Jun. 13, 2008, which application is incorporated herein in its entirety.

[0028] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a valvuloplasty system 11 embodying the present invention. The system 11 includes the dual shockwave balloon 22. The balloon 22 has received a high voltage catheter 32 that is connected to a high voltage power supply 30. The schematic representation shows the positioning of the balloon chambers 24 and 26 above and below the leaflets 18 of the aortic valve 16. As previously described, shock waves will impinge upon opposite sides of the leaflets 18 to more effectively break calcium deposits in the valve leaflets 18. The annulus will also be treated in this arrangement. To that end, the high voltage catheter 32 includes electrode pairs 34 and 36 that are coaxially arranged electrodes placed in chambers 24 and 26 respectively of the balloon 22. More specifically, electrode pair 34 is at the distal end of a first cable and comprises a center conductor 33 and an outer conductive shield 35. Similarly, electrode pair 34 is at the distal end of a second cable and comprises a center conductor 37 and an outer conductive shield 39. High voltage pulses from power supply 30 are applied to the electrode pairs 34 and 36 in a manner as described in the aforementioned application Ser. No. 61/061,170 to create shockwaves within the fluid within the chambers 24 and 26 of the balloon 22. The shock waves impinge upon the valve leaflets 18 and the valve annulus to cause the break up of calcium deposits and fibrotic tissue on the valve leaflets 18 and annulus to open the aortic valve 16.

[0029] FIG. 4 shows an alternate valvuloplasty shock wave balloon 42 at the distal end of an elongated tube 43. The balloon 42 is placed in the annulus of the aortic valve 16. To that end, the balloon 42 has a reduced diameter portion 45 for being received within the valve annulus. The balloon 42 has a high voltage catheter 44 therein that terminates in an electrode pair 46. As in the previous embodiment, the electrode pair 46 may comprise a pair of coaxially arranged electrodes where a center conductor may form at least a part of one electrode and at an outer conductive shield may form at least a part of the other electrode. The catheter 44 and its electrode pair 46 provide shock waves as previously described. Such an arrangement will decalcify the leaflets 18. This not only will decalcify the leaflets 18, but will also soften the aortic valve annulus and expand its diameter. Hence, the balloon 42 provides the added advantage of exerting expansion pressure directly to the annulus of the valve to remodel the annulus diameter.

[0030] While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, modifications may be made, and it is therefore intended to cover all such changes and modifications which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.