Abstract
A shredding device for use in the field of recycling and waste processing has a shredding roller having a basic roller body rotatable about an axis and a feed means for feeding material to the shredding roller, wherein shredding tools are provided on the basic roller body, which are spaced apart from one another and are arranged in rows extending in the longitudinal direction of the basic roller body and extending obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction. A larger quantity of material is produced at the first end than at the second end of the basic roller body, wherein directly adjacent shredding tools of a row are arranged such that the shredding tool facing the second end is set back in the direction of rotation relative to the shredding tool facing the first end and/or wherein different distances are provided between directly adjacent shredding tools of a row.
Claims
1. A shredding device for shredding material to be shredded, for use in the field of recycling and waste processing, the shredding device comprising: at least one shredding roller which can rotate about an axis of rotation and has a basic roller body; a feed means for feeding material to be shredded to the shredding roller; and shredding tools provided on the basic roller body, which are spaced apart from one another and arranged in a plurality of rows extending in the longitudinal direction of the basic roller body and extending obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction on the basic roller body; wherein the feed means is designed in such a way that a larger quantity of material to be shredded is produced at the first end of the basic roller body than at the second end of the basic roller body; wherein different distances are provided between directly adjacent shredding tools of a row; wherein a plurality of regions of essentially the same width are provided on the basic roller body, wherein a larger number of shredding tools is provided in at least one region than in another region; and wherein at least three regions of essentially the same width are provided on the basic roller body, wherein the regions have a number of shredding tools which differs from one another, wherein a larger number of shredding tools is provided in a first region facing the first end than in the two further regions and wherein a larger number of shredding tools is provided in the middle region arranged between the first and the further regions facing the second end than in the further region.
2-3. (canceled)
4. The shredding device according to claim 1, wherein in the first region of the shredding roller, which faces the first end and/or adjoins the first end, immediately adjacent shredding tools of a row are at a smaller distance from one another than immediately adjacent shredding tools of the same row in the further region facing the second end.
5. The shredding device according to claim 1, wherein immediately adjacent shredding tools of a row are equally spaced apart in the first region.
6. The shredding device according to claim 1, wherein the rows are of the same design and/or in wherein the rows are equally spaced from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction.
7. The shredding device according to claim 1, wherein a third region is provided between the first region and the further region, in which at least two directly adjacent shredding tools of a row are at a smaller distance from one another than directly adjacent shredding tools of the same row in the further region.
8. The shredding device according to claim 7, wherein a second region is present between the first region and the third region, at least one shredding tool of a row being arranged in the second region, which includes a distance from the immediately adjacent shredding tools of the same row of the first and/or third region which is greater than the distance between immediately adjacent shredding tools of the first and/or third region.
9. The shredding device according to claim 7, wherein the distances between directly adjacent shredding tools of a row in the further region are greater than the distances between directly adjacent shredding tools of the same row in the first and/or third region by at least a factor of two.
10. The shredding device according to claim 1, wherein the shredding tools are designed in at least two parts and have a tooth body provided on the outer casing of the shredding roller and a blade which can be connected to the tooth body in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner, and wherein the blade and the tooth body are releasably connectable and/or fastenable to one another via connecting means.
11. The shredding device according to claim 1, wherein a frame is provided for holding and mounting the shredding roller and a drive device for driving the shredding roller.
12. The shredding device according to claim 11, wherein the shredding roller is mounted on both sides and/or at least on one side with the first and/or second end.
13. The shredding device according to claim 12, wherein the first end and the second end are each assigned a wall of the frame for receiving and supporting the respective end.
14. The shredding device according to claim 11, wherein the shredding device has a comb having counter tools and a comb flap pivotably mounted on the frame.
15. The shredding device according to claim 1, wherein the shredding tool extends only over a section of the circumference of the basic roller body, in particular over at least 0.1% to 90% of the outer circumference of the basic roller body.
16. The shredding device according to claim 1, wherein the shredding tool has an outer upper edge surface which is beveled and/or sloping in relation to a supporting surface arranged on the basic roller body and which is located in particular opposite the supporting surface, and/or wherein the shredding tool has an at least substantially triangular shape in cross-section.
17. The shredding device according to claim 1, wherein the feed means is designed as a hopper, a conveyor belt and/or a chute.
18. A shredding roller for a shredding device for shredding material to be shredded, for use in the field of recycling and waste processing, with a basic roller body rotatable about an axis of rotation and with shredding tools arranged on the basic roller body at a distance from one another and in a plurality of rows extending in the longitudinal direction on the basic roller body and running obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the basic roller body, wherein different distances are provided between directly adjacent shredding tools of a row; wherein a plurality of regions of essentially the same width are provided on the basic roller body, wherein a larger number of shredding tools is provided in at least one region than in another region; and wherein at least three regions of essentially the same width are provided on the basic roller body, wherein the regions have a number of shredding tools which differs from one another, wherein a larger number of shredding tools is provided in a first region facing the first end than in the two further regions and wherein a larger number of shredding tools is provided in the middle region arranged between the first and the further regions facing the second end than in the further region.
19. The shredding device according to claim 1, wherein directly adjacent shredding tools of a row are arranged in such a way that the shredding tool facing the second end is set back in the direction of rotation relative to the shredding tool facing the first end.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0068] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a shredding device according to the invention.
[0069] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of detail A from FIG. 1.
[0070] FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the shredding device shown in FIG. 1.
[0071] FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a shredding roller according to the invention.
[0072] FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the shredding roller shown in FIG. 4.
[0073] FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a further embodiment of a shredding roller according to the invention.
[0074] FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of a further embodiment of a shredding roller according to the invention.
[0075] FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the shredding roller shown in FIG. 7.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0076] FIG. 1 shows a shredding device 1 for shredding material that is not shown in detail. The material to be shredded can be a variety of feed material that arises in the field of recycling or waste processing. The shredding device 1 has a shredding roller 2. Different embodiments of shredding rollers 2 according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 4 to 8.
[0077] The shredding roller 2 has a basic roller body 3. Both the shredding roller 2 and the basic roller body 3 are rotatable about their respective axis of rotation 4, which in particular coincide. In the embodiment example shown in FIG. 1, it is provided that the shredding device 1 has exactly one shredding roller 2. In further embodiments, several shredding rollers 2 may also be provided, but these are not shown in more detail here.
[0078] Furthermore, FIG. 1 shows that the shredding device 1 has a feed means 5. In the illustrated embodiment example, the feed means 5 is designed as a feed hopper and/or funnel-shaped. The feed means 5 ultimately serves to support the feeding of the material to be shredded to the shredding roller 2.
[0079] FIG. 1 also shows that shredding tools 8 are provided on the outer side 6 of the basic roller body 3, spaced apart from one another and arranged in several rows 7 extending at an angle to the longitudinal direction L of the basic roller body 3. The shredding roller 2 shown in FIG. 7 has only rows 7 that have shredding tools 8. Each shredding tool 8 is assigned to exactly one row 7. In addition, the rows 7 are identical to each other and, in particular, are symmetrically aligned and/or arranged around the basic roller body 3.
[0080] The shredding tools 8 can be designed as teeth.
[0081] In addition, the shredding tools 8 can be connected to the basic roller body 3 and/or the outer side 6 in a form-fit or material-fit manner. FIG. 5 shows that the shredding tools 8 are each surrounded by a protective element 9. A protective element 9 can be designed as wear protection for the basic roller body 3 and in particular be connected to the basic roller body 3 with a material bond, in particular by means of welding. Preferably, the protective elements 9 are designed as wear protection plates. The protective elements 9 can have recesses for the arrangement of the shredding tools 8.
[0082] A plurality of shredding tools 8 can be arranged in a protective element 9.
[0083] FIG. 1 shows that the feed means 5 is designed in such a way that a larger quantity of material to be shredded is produced at the first end 10 of the basic roller body 3 than at the second end 11 of the basic roller body 3. It is understood that the ends 10, 11 refer in particular to the respective end faces of the basic roller body 3. The longitudinal direction L of the basic roller body 3 extends in the direction of the largest longitudinal extension of the basic roller body 3 and, in particular, is also aligned in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 of the basic roller body 3.
[0084] The first and second ends 10, 11 are opposite each other in relation to the longitudinal direction L. In particular, the shredding roller 2 can be mounted at both the first end 10 and the second end 11.
[0085] FIG. 1 schematically shows the first end 10 of the shredding roller 2, in particular the end mounted on bearings. The feeding of the material to be shredded is not shown in more detail. However, it can be seen from FIG. 1 that during operation of the shredding device 1, more material to be shredded is produced for shredding at the first end 10, which faces and is associated with the feed means 5, than at the opposite second end 11. In particular, the loading with the shredded material does not occur uniformly over the entire length of the shredding roller 2, but is increased at the first end 10 and/or leads to a higher volume of material there.
[0086] FIGS. 4 and 5 show a shape of the shredding roller 2 which can also be used in a device 1 as shown in FIG. 1however, the shape of the shredding roller 2 differs from the shape shown in FIG. 1. What both embodiments have in common, however, is that immediately adjacent shredding tools 8 of a row 7 are arranged in such a way that the shredding tool 8 facing the second end 11 is set back relative to the shredding tool 8 facing the first end 10 in the direction of rotation, which is shown schematically in FIG. 4 by an arrow. The direction of rotation results during operation of the shredding device 1. The corresponding offset back also results in a trailing arrangement of the shredding tools 8 in relation to the direction of rotation. This is also shown schematically in FIG. 6 and in FIGS. 7 and 8.
[0087] In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, it is provided that the distances 12 between immediately adjacent shredding tools 8 of a row 7 are at least essentially constant.
[0088] In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, it is provided that the rows 7 are at least substantially identical and preferably have a constant spacing from one another in the transverse direction. However, the rows 7 can be arranged offset to one another. Accordingly, it may be provided that no shredding tool 8 of the further row 7 directly adjacent to the first row is arranged directly behind (in relation to the direction of rotation) a shredding tool 8 of a first row 7. In the embodiment example shown in FIG. 4, the offset of the shredding tools 8 of immediately adjacent rows 7 is approximately 360 divided by the number n of rows 7. Such an offset can also be particularly advantageous with regard to the shredding result in the case of differently formed rows 7.
[0089] In the preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, it is provided that different distances 12 are provided between directly adjacent shredding tools 8 of a row 7. In the case of the different distances 12, it is provided that a plurality of equal distances 12 are also provided in a row 7. However, at least two pairs of shredding tools 8 of a row 7 are arranged in such a way that their distances 12 differ from one another.
[0090] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, both a corresponding reverse offset with regard to the direction of rotation, as described above, and the realization of different distances 12 are implemented.
[0091] Preferably, the aforementioned arrangement of the shredding tools 8 applies to each row 7, wherein a shredding tool 8 can be assigned to exactly one row 7and not to several rows 7.
[0092] FIG. 5 shows that each row 7 is designed as a linear straight line-namely in the corresponding 2D projectioni.e. ultimately with corresponding unwinding from the drum. In particular, row 7 rises at least essentially strictly monotonously in relation to the longitudinal direction L.
[0093] FIG. 6 shows that a plurality of regions 13, 14 and 15 are provided on the basic roller body 3. The regions 13 to 15 extend over the entire circumference of the basic roller body 3. FIG. 6 shows that a larger number of shredding tools 8 are provided in the first region 13 than in another region, namely both in the middle region 14 and in the further region 15. The further region 15 can be arranged in particular at the second end 11.
[0094] In addition, the regions 13, 14 and 15 are provided with the same width 16 in relation to the longitudinal direction L in the embodiment example shown in FIG. 6. The regions 13, 14 and 15 differ from one another in the different number of shredding tools 8. A larger number of shredding tools 8 can be provided at the first region 13 facing the first end 10 than in the two further regions 14, 15, wherein a larger number of shredding tools 8 is provided in the first region 13 and between the further middle region 14 arranged facing the second end 11 than in the further region 15.
[0095] In addition, FIGS. 7 and 8 show that in the first region 13, which faces the first end 10 and/or adjoins the first end 10, immediately adjacent shredding tools 8 of a row 7 have a smaller distance 12 from one another than immediately adjacent shredding tools 8 of the same row 7 in a further region 15. It is understood that the distances 12 in the first region 13 can be at least substantially constant between immediately adjacent shredding tools 8.
[0096] In addition, FIG. 6 shows that different rows 7 in the first region 13 can have a different number of shredding tools 8 with an at least substantially constant distance 12 from one another, although the distance between the outermost shredding tool 8 facing the second end 11 and the immediately adjacent shredding tool 8 of the adjoining middle region 14 is at least substantially the same for both rows 7.
[0097] In an embodiment not shown, it is provided that at least three regions 13, 14 and 15 are present on the basic roller body 3, which surround the basic roller body 3 circumferentially and can each have an equal width 16 in the longitudinal direction L of the basic roller body 3. The first region 13 facing the first end 10 has the highest number of shredding tools 8 or the number of shredding tools 8 in the first region 13 preferably corresponds to the number of shredding tools 8 from the further region 15 arranged at the second end 11. The middle region 14 has fewer shredding tools 8 than the first region 13 and/or fewer or the same number of shredding tools 8 than the further region 15. The further region 15 can have shredding tools 8 which are at a different distance 12 from the respective immediately adjacent shredding tool 8 of the same row 7. Preferably, the density of shredding tools 8 in the further region 15 increases from the outer section of the further region 15 facing the first end 10 to the second end 11. Accordingly, a higher number of shredding tools 8 can be arranged in a row 7 in the end section of the further region 15, which can face the second end 11, than in the outer section of the further region 15 facing the first end 10. The widths of the outer section and the end section can differ from one another, in particular wherein the outer section in particular has a width in the longitudinal direction L of the basic roller body 3 which exceeds the width of the end section by at least 100%. In addition, the distances 12 between directly adjacent shredding tools 8 of a row 7 can be greater in the outer section than in the end section. In particular, at least two shredding tools 8 can be arranged in the end section for each row 7, which can in particular form a tooth pack.
[0098] In the embodiment example shown in FIG. 6, the rows 7 are at least substantially equally spaced from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction L.
[0099] In addition, FIG. 6 shows that the middle region 14 can have a third region 17. In the third region 17, at least two directly adjacent shredding tools 8 of a row 7 can have a smaller distance 12 from each other than directly adjacent shredding tools 8 of the same row 7 in the further region 15. In particular, at least two shredding tools 8 can be arranged in the third region 17 for each row 7 and thus ultimately form tooth packs.
[0100] In addition, FIG. 6 shows that tooth packs, which are arranged one after the other in relation to the direction of rotation, of different rows 7 are arranged offset to one another-namely in relation to the longitudinal direction L. Here, too, it can be provided in each case that the outer shredding tool 8 of the third region 17 facing the further region 15 is in each case at an equal distance from the immediately adjacent shredding tool 8 of the further region 15 in each row 7. If the shredding tools 8 in the further region 15 are then spaced at least substantially equally apart, this results in a different spacing of the outermost shredding tool 8 facing the second end 11 from the end face of the second end 11 for different rows 7.
[0101] FIG. 6 shows that the distances 12 between directly adjacent shredding tools 8 of a row 7 in the further region 15 are at least twice, in particular between four and six times, greater than the distances 12 between directly adjacent shredding tools 8 of the same row 7 in the first region 13 and/or in the third region 17.
[0102] FIG. 6 also shows that the middle region 14 has a second region 18. The second region 18 can be arranged between the third region 17 and the first region 13. The second region 18 can have a smaller width than the third region 17. In particular, the width in relation to the longitudinal direction L of the second region is at least 30%, in particular at least 50%, smaller than the width of the third region 17. Furthermore, FIG. 6 shows that the shredding tools 8 of a row 7 arranged in the second region 18 are arranged in such a way that one shredding tool 8 per row 7 is arranged in the second region 18. In this case, the distance 12 between the shredding tool 8 arranged in the second region 18 and the immediately adjacent shredding tool 8 of the same row 7 of the first and/or third region 13, 17 is greater than the distance 12 between immediately adjacent shredding tools 8 of the first region 13 and/or the third region 17.
[0103] FIG. 6 further shows that the rows 7 can be arranged offset to one another. The offset can lead, in particular in the middle region 14, to the fact that in the middle region 14, at least partially directly behind a shredding tool 8 of a first row 7, no further shredding tool 8 of the adjacent row 7 is arranged. According to the embodiment example shown in FIG. 6, this applies to all shredding tools 8 of the further region 15 and/or the second region 18 and partially to the third region 17.
[0104] In principle, further embodiments may also provide for the rows 7 to be of identical design.
[0105] FIG. 5 shows schematically that the shredding tool 8 is formed in at least two parts. The shredding tool 8 can be positively and/or non-positively connected to the outer side 6 and/or the outer shell of the shredding roller 2. In particular, the shredding tool 8 has a toothed body 19, which is arranged directly on the outer side 8 of the basic roller body 3. In addition, the shredding tool 8 can have a blade 20 that can be connected to the toothed body 19 in a force-fit and/or form-fit manner. The knife 20 faces the direction of rotation, so that this component of the shredding tool 8 initially and/or first hits the material to be shredded during shredding.
[0106] The blade 20 can be connected to the tooth body 19 via at least one positive connection, in particular wherein at least one positive connection can be designed as a tongue and groove connection. Alternatively or additionally, connecting means 29 can be provided for connecting the blade 20 to the tooth body 19, which connect the blade 20 to the tooth body 19, in particular in a force-locking manner.
[0107] FIG. 1 shows that a frame 21 is provided for holding and supporting the shredding roller 2. It is not shown in detail that the frame 21 can also serve to support a drive device for driving the shredding roller 2.
[0108] FIG. 6 shows schematically that the first end and the second end 10, 11 are each assigned a wall 22 and 23. The wall 22 facing the first end 10 can also be referred to as the motor (standing) wall, since the drive device in particular can be assigned to the first end 10. The wall 23 associated with the second end 11 can also be referred to as the rear (standing) wall.
[0109] In addition, FIG. 1 shows that the shredding device 1 has a comb 25 with counter tools 24. The comb 25 can be mounted on the frame 21, which can also be referred to as the machine frame. In addition, the comb 25 can also have a comb flap 26, which is pivotably arranged on the frame 21.
[0110] To comminute the material to be shredded, the shredding tools 8 can interact with the counter tools 24. In particular, gaps are provided between directly adjacent counter tools 24, which are formed corresponding to the shape of the shredding tool 8 passing through the respective gap.
[0111] FIG. 5 shows that the shredding tool 8 and/or the (all) shredding tools 8 extend only over a section of the circumference of the basic roller body 3, in particular over at least 0.1% to 90%, preferably between 1% to 20%, of the outer circumference of the basic roller body 3. In this way, several shredding tools 8 can be provided independently of one another, distributed over the outer surface of the basic roller body 3.
[0112] FIG. 5 also clearly shows that in the illustrated and preferred embodiment example, the shredding tool 8 has an outer upper edge surface 28 which is beveled and/or sloping, preferably at least substantially in the shape of an arcuate section, in relation to the supporting surface 27 arranged on the basic roller body 3, and which in particular lies opposite the supporting surface 27. The sloping outer upper edge surface 28 can in particular be of monotonously falling design and serve to reduce the distance between the outer upper edge surface 28 and the basic roller body 3 in the opposite direction to the cutting direction S. Accordingly, the region of the shredding tool 8 that takes up the most volume of the shredding tool 8 hits the feed material first.
[0113] FIG. 8 shows that the shredding tool 8 has an at least substantially triangular shape in cross-section, preferably with at least substantially arcuate edges. A triangular shape is also understood to mean that the outer upper edge surface 28 has a recess, in particular for the arrangement of the connecting means 29, as shown in FIG. 8.
[0114] As explained above, the feed means 5 can be designed as a hopper, in particular a hinged hopper. Alternatively or additionally, the feed means 5 can be designed as a conveyor belt and/or chute.
LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
[0115] 1 Shredding device [0116] 2 Shredding roller [0117] 3 Basic roller body [0118] 4 Axis of rotation [0119] 5 Feed means [0120] 6 Outer side of 3 [0121] 7 Row [0122] 8 Shredding tool [0123] 9 Protective element [0124] 10 First end [0125] 11 Second end [0126] 12 Distance [0127] 13 First region [0128] 14 Middle region [0129] 15 Further region [0130] 16 Width [0131] 17 Third region [0132] 18 Second region [0133] 19 Tooth body [0134] 20 Blade [0135] 21 Frame [0136] 22 Wall [0137] 23 Wall [0138] 24 Counter tool [0139] 25 Comb [0140] 26 Comb flap [0141] 27 Supporting surface [0142] 28 Outer upper edge surface [0143] 29 Connecting means [0144] L Longitudinal direction [0145] S Cutting direction
