GLUCOSYL STEVIA COMPOSITIONS

Abstract

Glucosyl steviol glycosides (GSG) compositions are prepared from steviol glycosides of Stevia rebaudiana. The GSG compositions can be used as sweeteners in various consumables including foods, beverages, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Claims

1-5. (canceled)

6. A process for making a glucosyl stevia composition, comprising the steps of: a. adding starch into water to form a starch suspension; b. adding a first hydrolyzing enzyme selected from the group consisting of CGTase, α-amylase, β-amylase, and mixtures thereof, into the starch suspension, and incubating at a temperature of about 70° C. to 90° C. for about 0.5 to about 10 hours, resulting in a liquefied starch suspension; c. adding steviol glycosides into the liquefied starch suspension, resulting in a reaction mixture; d. adding a transglucosylation enzyme into the reaction mixture and incubating for about 24 to 48 hours at about 65-70° C. to produce a composition comprising glucosyl steviol glycosides; e. decolorizing the glucosyl steviol glycosides composition using granulated activated carbon; and f. removing sediment from the decolorized glucosyl steviol glycosides composition using a centrifuge, resulting in a glucosyl stevia composition comprising steviol glycoside derivatives having α-1,4-glucosyl residues.

7. The process of claim 6 further comprising the step of inactivating the hydrolyzing enzymes prior to decolorizing the glucosyl steviol glycosides composition.

8. The process of claim 6 further comprising the step of concentrating the glucosyl stevia composition under vacuum to form a concentrated solution.

9. The process of claim 8 further comprising the step of drying the concentrated solution into powder form.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the embodiments of the invention.

[0033] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary HPLC chromatogram of glucosylated steviol glycosides (GSG).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0034] Advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.

[0035] In one embodiment, Stevia extract commercialized by PureCircle (JiangXi) Co., Ltd. (China), containing stevioside (28-30%), Rebaudioside A (50-55%), Rebaudioside C (9-12%), Rebaudioside F (1-3%) and other glycosides (hereinafter collectively, “steviol glycosides”) amounting to total steviol glycosides content of at least 95%, was used as a starting material. Alternatively stevia extracts with different ratio of steviol glycosides as well as highly purified steviol glycosides such as Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside B, Rebaudioside C, Rebaudioside D, Rebaudioside E, Rebaudioside F, Rebaudioside G, Rebaudioside H, Rebaudioside I, Rebaudioside J, Rebaudioside K, Rebaudioside L, Rebaudioside M, Rebaudioside N, Rebaudioside O, Rebaudioside Q, dulcoside A, steviolbioside, rubusoside, as well as other steviol glycosides found in Stevia rebaudiana plant, may be used as starting materials.

[0036] The HPLC analysis of the raw materials and products was performed on Agilent Technologies 1200 Series (USA) liquid chromarograph, equipped with Zorbax-NH.sub.2 (4.6×250 mm) column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water gradient from 80:20, v/v (0-2 min) to 50:50, v/v (2-70 min). A diode array detector set at 210 nm was used as the detector.

[0037] The transglucosylation was accomplished by cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases; EC 2.4.1.19) produced by Bacillus stearothermophilus St-88 (PureCircle Sdn Bhd Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Malaysia). However, any other CGTase or enzyme possessing intermolecular transglucosylation activity may be applied as well. The enzyme can be in a form of cell-free culture broth, concentrated liquid cell-free culture broth, spray dried or freeze dried cell-free culture broth, or high purity protein. Free and immobilized enzyme preparations can be used.

[0038] The activity of CGTase preparations was determined according to the procedure described in Hale W. S., Rawlins L. C. (1951) Amylase of Bacillus macerans. Cereal Chem. 28, 49-58.

[0039] Starches of different origin may be used as donors of glucosyl units such as, derived from wheat, corn, potato, tapioca, and sago. Alternatively other glucose donors selected from the group including but not limited to maltodextrins, hydrolyzed starch, cyclodextrins, corn syrup solids may be used.

[0040] In one embodiment the starch was subjected to partial hydrolysis (liquefaction) prior to the transglycosylation reaction. The dextrose equivalent of the partially hydrolyzed starch can be in the range of about 10-25, preferably about 12-16. Any enzyme capable of starch hydrolysis may be used for liquefaction, such as α-amylases, β-amylases, CGTases etc.

[0041] In one embodiment the concentration of starch in liquefaction mixture was about 15-40% (wt/wt), preferably about 20-30%.

[0042] In one embodiment the liquefaction was conducted at about 70-90° C. during about 0.5-10 hours, preferably about 1-5 hours. After liquefaction the steviol glycosides were added to the mixture and dissolved. The preferred ratio of steviol glycosides to starch (kg of steviol glycosides per 1 kg of starch) is about 0.5-1.5, preferably about 0.8-1.2.

[0043] In one embodiment a second portion of CGTase preparation is added and the transglucosylation reaction is conducted at about 65-70° C. for about 24-48 hours.

[0044] In one embodiment The reaction was stopped by heating at about 95° C. for about 15 minutes to inactivate the enzymes, and the solution was treated with activated carbon, to obtain decolorized reaction mixture. The amount of activated carbon was about 0.02-0.4 grams per gram of solids, preferably about 0.05-0.2 grams per gram of solids. Alternatively cartridges and/or columns packed with granulated activated carbon, may be used.

[0045] The decolorized reaction mixture was further concentrated by vacuum evaporator and dried by means of a spray dryer.

[0046] The GSG compositions of present invention can be used as sweeteners in various consumables including food and beverage products. Non-limiting examples of food and beverage products include carbonated soft drinks, ready to drink beverages, energy drinks, isotonic drinks, low-calorie drinks, zero-calorie drinks, sports drinks, cola flavored carbonated soft drinks, fruit flavored carbonated soft drinks, berry flavored carbonated soft drinks, flavored teas, fruit and vegetable juices, juice drinks, dairy drinks, yoghurt drinks, alcohol beverages, powdered beverages, bakery products, cookies, biscuits, baking mixes, cereals, confectioneries, candies, toffees, chewing gum, dairy products, flavored milk, yoghurts, flavored yoghurts, cultured milk, soy sauce and other soy base products, salad dressings, mayonnaise, vinegar, frozen-desserts, meat products, fish-meat products, bottled and canned foods, tabletop sweeteners, fruits and vegetables.

[0047] Additionally the compositions can be used in drug or pharmaceutical preparations and cosmetics, including but not limited to toothpaste, mouthwash, cough syrup, chewable tablets, lozenges, vitamin preparations, and the like.

[0048] The compositions can be used “as-is” or in combination with other sweeteners, flavors and food ingredients.

[0049] Non-limiting examples of sweeteners include sucrose, glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, erythrose, threose, erythrulose, arabinose, lyxose, ribose, xylose, ribulose, xylulose, allose, altrose, allulose, galactose, glucose, gulose, idose, mannose, talose, fructose, psicose, sorbose, tagatose, mannoheptulose, sedoheltulose, octolose, fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, turanose, sialose, inulin, inulooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), maltodextrin, coupling sugar, honey, erythritol, xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol, stevia, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside G, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside J, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside O, dulcoside A, dulcoside B, rubusoside, steviolbioside, stevioside, other steviol glycosides occurring in Stevia rebaudiana plant, biosynthetic steviol glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glucosylated steviol glycosides (GSGs), mogroside IV, mogroside V, mogroside VI, Luo han guo, siamenoside, other mogrosides occurring in Siraitia grosvenorii fruits, monatin and its salts, curculin, glycyrrhizic acid and its salts, thaumatin, monellin, mabinlin, brazzein, hernandulcin, phyllodulcin, glycyphyllin, phloridzin, trilobatin, baiyunoside, osladin, polypodoside A, pterocaryoside A, pterocaryoside B, mukurozioside, phlomisoside I, periandrin I, abrusoside A, and cyclocarioside I, sugar alcohols, sucralose, potassium acesulfame, acesulfame acid and salts thereof, aspartame, alitame, saccharin and salts thereof, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, naringin dihydrochalcone, cyclamate, cyclamic acid and salts thereof, neotame, advantame, and combinations thereof.

[0050] Non-limiting examples of flavors include lemon, orange, fruity, banana, grape, pear, pineapple, bitter almond, lemon, lime, cola, cinnamon, sugar, cotton candy, vanilla flavors.

[0051] Non-limiting examples of other food ingredients include flavors, acidulants, organic and amino acids, coloring agents, polyols, fibers, bulking agents, modified starches, gums, texturizers, preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners, gelling agents.

[0052] The following examples illustrate various embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the materials, proportions, conditions and procedures set forth in the examples, which are only illustrative.

Example 1

Preparation of CGTase

[0053] A strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus St-88 was inoculated in 2,000 liters of sterilized culture medium containing 1.0% starch, 0.25% corn extract, 0.5% (NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4, and 0.2% CaCO.sub.3 (pH 7.0-7.5) at 56° C. for 24 hrs with continuous aeration (2,000 L/min) and agitation (150 rpm). The obtained culture broth was filtered using Kerasep 0.1 μm ceramic membrane (Novasep, France) to separate the cells. The cell-free permeate was further concentrated 5-fold on Persep 10kDa ultrafilters (Orelis, France).

Example 2

Preparation of Glucosyl Steviol Glycosides (GSG) Composition

[0054] 5,000 kg of tapioca starch was suspended in 13,600 L of water (pH 6) then 71 kg of CGTase, prepared according to Example 1, was added, and the liquefaction of starch was carried out at 83° C. for about 4 hours. Then 5,000 kg of stevia extract was added to liquefied starch and the mixture was heated in a heat exchanger to 105° C. until a homogeneous solution was obtained. 704 kg of CGTase, prepared according to Example 1, was added to the solution and the mixture was held at a temperature of 68° C. for 48 hours under continuous agitation. The mixture was passed through two 2 m.sup.3 columns packed with Norit GAC1240 PLUS granulated activated carbon (connected in in series) for decolorisation. The trace sediment in the filtrate (including residues the active carbon) was removed using a self de-sludging centrifuge (Alfa-Laval MPRX31456V-34C1/4271-6) and a dead end filter (Eaton, ACCUGAF, AGFE-51-RO2H0O-15L, pore size 1 μm). The decolorised solution was concentrated at 70° C. under vacuum, using NIRO thin falling film evaporator (running in MVR mode) until 60% (w/w) total solids content. The concentrated solution was dried into powder form using NIR0250 multistage spray dryer operating at an inlet temperature of 198° C. and outlet temperature of 77° C. 9,000 kg of glucosyl steviol glycosides (GSG) composition was obtained (FIG. 1).