SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR AND CONCENTRATOR SYSTEM

Abstract

The solar energy concentrator and collector system consists of a) longitudinal sheets, plates or bands of transparent plastic, carrying linear Fresnel lenses, b) longitudinal sheets, plates or bands of transparent plastic, carrying mirrors. Fresnel type or formed by multiple mini or linear reflective micro-mirrors integrated into them, b) sheets, plates or arched bands that carry multiple lenses or mini-lenses of cylinder segment section, c) mirrors arranged in a Fresnel type shape, d) of V-shaped mirrors, e) semi-parabolic mirrors of) plastic lenses filled with liquid, supported peripherally by cables, poles or a frame, which concentrate the solar rays in an equally longitudinal focus or duct, with a flattened ovoid or rectangular section. of large surface that carries a fluid, which when it is water evaporates, driving a turbine and goes to a generator.

Claims

1. A solar energy concentrator and capture system, of the type that uses the reflection and refraction of solar rays through lenses or mirrors, comprising a) sheets, plates or longitudinal bands of transparent plastic, carrying Fresnel-type lenses. linear, b) sheets, plates or longitudinal bands of transparent plastic, carrying Fresnel-type mirrors or formed by multiple mini or micro linear reflective mirrors integrated into them, b) sheets, plates or arched bands that carry multiple lenses or mini-lenses of cylinder segment section, c) mirrors arranged in a Fresnel type shape, d) V-shaped mirrors, semi-parabolic mirrors or plastic lenses filled with a liquid, supported peripherally by cables and posts or a framework, which concentrates the solar rays in an equally longitudinal focus or conduit, with an oval or ovoid, or flattened rectangular section, with a large surface area that runs along the ground or lower area, through said conduit a fluid circulates, which when it is water is evaporates, drives a turbine and is to a generator, or is applied to a conduit that runs parallel and adjacent with saline water for desalination, the water vapour is condensed and fed back into the system through a conduit from the turbine outlet.

2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lenses, plates, sheets or bands are held horizontally or slightly inclined towards the north or towards midday, by means of posts or bars on the sides.

3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Fresnel-type mirrors adopt an inclination that increases towards the sides with respect to the vertical plane of symmetry of the focal duct.

4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lenses, mirrors: sheets, bands or fabrics are preferably placed fixed, longitudinally in the East-West direction, corrected for the solar declination of the place, the angle formed by the Sun-Earth line and the plane of the celestial equator, projection of the terrestrial equator.

5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mirrors: sheets, bands or fabrics are laterally tiltable depending on the time or season of the year by means of a processor, microprocessor or photoelectric cell and a servo system.

6. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein instead of tilting the mirrors, the focal ducts move.

7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lenses or mirrors are given three fixed positions.

8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ducts are thermally insulated, especially in their lower area, in the upper area with a transparent insulator such as the glass of the duct.

9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the micro or mini-mirrors are integrated into the support plate, band or sheet, and the mirrors adopt an inclination that increases towards the sides with respect to the vertical plane of symmetry of the focal duct and are formed by light or thin sheets or layers of reflective metals.

10. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lenses are formed by multiple mini-lenses and an inflatable chamber, which curve when one of their chambers is inflated with air.

11. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semi-parabolic mirrors: sheets, bands or fabrics are supported on a grid of vertical cords attached to the parallel cables of the upper and lower edges, and these between the curved or straight posts or bars. which give a curved or flat shape to the mirrors, and are directed towards the sun of the equinoxes when they are fixed or inclined in the plane of the ecliptic.

12. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein are used aluminized plastic sheets, metallized polyethylene terephthelate or aluminized PET (Mylar) plastic mirrors as mirrors.

13. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plastic lenses are hollow and filled with a liquid, mineral oils or others that tolerate high temperatures.

14. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plastic lenses are held at their periphery by means of cables, posts, rods or plates.

15. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet, plate or band or lens is placed inverted with the lenses, striated surface or its relief towards the lower area.

16. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein to protect against wind of a certain intensity, the sheets or bands are automatically released, an actuator is activated and they are retracted by the action of a spring.

17. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein it has actuators that automatically release the sheets or bands, which are retracted by the action of a spring.

18. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein acrylic that is presented in granules is used for the injection process, allowed by its linear shape and producing a continuous and rollable band.

19. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein acrylic that is presented in granules is used for the extrusion process using roller-shaped moulds, allowed by its linear shape and producing a continuous and rollable band.

20. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lens sheets and bands are produced using roller-shaped moulds.

21. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the posts have an articulated base, allowing the retraction of the sheet, band or fabric mirrors.

22. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the posts have a flexible lower end allowing the retraction of the sheets, bands or fabrics.

23. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semi-parabolic mirrors are retracted by winding around impellers using electric motors.

24. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protection against wind is carried out by automatically releasing the mirrors, sheets or bands.

25. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the focal duct is replaced by a group or row of several laterally attached ducts, ducts with a circular or square section.

26. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein pumps introduce pressurized water into pressurized tanks, from where the focal conduits are fed, which is done automatically.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] FIG. 1 shows a schematic and cross-sectional view of a sheet, plate or longitudinal band with a Fresnel-type lens with the solar rays concentrated on an area of the focal duct with a very wide oval section that allows the capture of the solar radiation with a large apparent inclination of the sun with respect to the equinoctial plane of the place. It also allows lower heights.

[0030] FIG. 2 shows a schematic and cross-sectional view of a sheet, plate or longitudinal band with multiple micro or mini mirrors, with the solar rays concentrated on an area of the focal duct with a very wide oval section.

[0031] FIG. 3 shows a schematic, sectional view of a collector of a sheet, plate or curved longitudinal band, formed by multiple lenses.

[0032] FIGS. 4, 14, 19, 20, 24 and 25 show cross-sectional views of focal duct variants and their incident rays.

[0033] FIGS. 5, 6 and 18 show schematic plan views and partially sectioned views of concentrator plant variants.

[0034] FIGS. 7 to 10 show schematic and sectional views of variants of concentrator systems.

[0035] FIG. 11 shows a schematic, perspective and partial view of an arrangement of a solar thermal plant on the ground.

[0036] FIG. 11a shows a schematic view of a manufacturing system for sheets, plates or bands.

[0037] FIG. 11b shows the roller that shapes the Fresnel-type band.

[0038] FIG. 11c shows the roller shaping the arcuate band of cylinder segment section multi-lenses.

[0039] FIG. 12 shows a pair of V-shaped mirrors.

[0040] FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of V-shaped mirrors.

[0041] FIGS. 15 and 16 show schematic views of variants of plastic lens systems filled with a liquid.

[0042] FIG. 17 shows a schematic and partially sectioned view of a type of lens which curves when an area of it is inflated.

[0043] FIGS. 21 and 22 show schematic and partially sectional views of a mirror fastening system.

[0044] FIG. 23 shows a schematic plan view of the arrangement of mirrors and their attachment.

[0045] FIG. 26 shows different sectional views of duct variants.

[0046] FIGS. 27 and 28 show variants of semi-parabolic mirrors.

[0047] FIGS. 29 and 30 show variants of extension and retraction systems for the mirrors.

MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT

[0048] FIG. 1 provides a possible embodiment of the invention, with the solar rays (11) incident on the Fresnel-type lens. formed by a transparent sheet, plate or band (6f), with concentrates (11a) emerging towards a portion of the wide focal duct of ovoid section (2), which may be rectangular. This has a much larger surface area, less concentration, which is why it requires less precision and the performance obtained is the same. The duct is made of glass, which in addition to being thermal insulating adds another thermal insulator (18) in its lower external area in contact with the ground.

[0049] FIG. 2 shows the solar rays (11) incident on the mirrors (3) supported integrated into the plate, band, sheet or transparent sheet (6e), leaving reflected (11a) towards the wide duct or focus of ovoid section (2), which can be rectangular. This one has a large surface area, the concentration is lower, but it requires less precision and the performance obtained is the same. The duct is made of glass, which in addition to being thermal insulating adds another thermal insulator (18) in its lower area in contact with the ground. As can be seen, the mini or micro-mirrors are integrated into the transparent sheet and are made up of thin sheets of reflective metals.

[0050] FIG. 3 shows the arched plate (6m) formed by multiple lenses supported from the corners and edges by posts and arranged on the focal duct (2).

[0051] FIG. 4 shows the solar rays (11a) concentrated by lenses, towards the cylindrical focal ducts (2i), in this case the central ones of a group of several laterally attached ducts. They can also be square section. It carries the thermal insulator (18) in the lower area.

[0052] FIG. 5 shows the water pump (29) that feeds and maintains pressurized the water tank (14) that communicates and feeds the focal conduit (2) through the conduit (15). It shows the Fresnel type sheet or band (6f) supported by its corners and edges by the posts (5), on the focal duct, which discharges the fluid onto the turbine (7) that drives the electric generator (8). After passing the turbine, the fluid condenses in the condenser (19) and is fed back through the conduit (12) through the check valve (16) that prevents the return of the fluid.

[0053] FIG. 6 shows the water pump (29) that feeds and maintains pressurized the water feed tank (14) that communicates and feeds with the conduit (15) to multiple focal conduits heated by the Fresnel-type lens bands (6f). supported by its corners and edges by the posts (5). The water vapour is discharged onto the turbine (7) that drives the electric generator (8). After passing the turbine, the fluid condenses in the condenser (19) and is fed back through the conduit (12) through the check valve. (16) that prevents the recoil of the fluid.

[0054] FIG. 7 shows a thermal plant formed by the sheets, plates or support bands (6f, 6m) that receive the inclined rays (11) of the sun of a solstice. They are protected in their sides by the terrain ramps (17).

[0055] FIG. 8 shows a plant formed by the sheets, plates or support bands (6f, 6m) that receive the inclined rays (11) of the sun of a solstice. They are protected by a channel made on the ground, leaving the sheets at ground level.

[0056] FIG. 9 shows a plant formed by the sheets, plates or support bands (6f, 6m) housed in a channel made on the side of a mountain, which receive the rays perpendiculars (11) of the equinoxes. They are protected by a channel (35) made in the ground, leaving the sheets at ground level.

[0057] FIG. 10 shows a plan formed by the sheets, plates or support bands (6f, 6m) housed in a channel made on the slope of a mountain, which receive the inclined rays (11) of the winter solstice. They are protected by a channel (35) made in the ground, with the sheets remaining flush with it.

[0058] FIG. 11 shows a plan formed by the bands (6f) and their focal ducts (2), the bands being supported laterally by their flanges with the supports (33).

[0059] FIG. 11a shows a series of rollers between which the lens sheet is produced and when passing between the last rollers (28f, 28m) that carry the relief, the linear lens (6f, 6m) is produced. To prevent deformation by the last rollers or air currents, cold is applied to them to cool them.

[0060] FIG. 11b shows the roller (28f) which applies the shape or relief of a linear Fresnel lens to one of the surfaces of the sheets or bands.

[0061] FIG. 11c shows the roller (28m) which applies the arched shape or relief of multiple cylinder segment section lenses to one of the surfaces of the sheets or bands.

[0062] FIG. 12 shows the solar rays (11) incident on the sheets or plates (1), mirrors that concentrate the rays of the summer solstice sun on the focal duct with an ovoid section (2). The duct is made of glass, which also If it is a thermal insulator, it adds another thermal insulator (18) in its lower area in contact with the ground.

[0063] FIG. 13 shows the pair of V-shaped mirrors formed by the sheets (3v), the cables (6v) on their periphery, supported by the posts (4) which carry the joint (5) together with its base.

[0064] FIG. 14 shows the solar rays (11) incident on a plastic lens (1w) filled with liquid, its periphery supported by the sheets or bands (6w) emerging refracted towards the ovoid section focal duct (2). The duct carries a thermal insulator (18), in its lower area in contact with the ground. The lens can be formed only by its face or lower wall and the liquid.

[0065] FIG. 15 shows a plant on a channel on the side of a mountain, formed by several bands (6w) and liquid lenses (1w), which receive the inclined solar rays of a solstice and are concentrated on the sides of the focal ducts. (2).

[0066] FIG. 16 shows a plan formed by multiple bands (6w) each with an inclined lens (1w) that concentrate the solar rays on a solstice. It is formed by the liquid lenses (1w), which receive the inclined solar rays during a solstice and are concentrated on the sides of the wide focal ducts (2). On a horizontal surface and protected by the terrain ramps (17).

[0067] FIG. 17 shows the lens formed by multiple mini-lenses (1w) filled with liquid, curved by inflating the chamber (37) with air, which concentrates the rays on an area of the lens (2). This bending by pressurized air is valid for other types of lenses or mirrors. Ribs can be added that oppose the bulging.

[0068] FIG. 18 shows the water pump (29) that feeds and maintains pressurized the water supply tank (14) that communicates and feeds through the conduit (15) to the focal conduit (2), conduit heated by the Fresnel-type band (6f) supported by its corners and edges by the posts (5). The water vapour is fed back through the conduit (12) through the valve (12) before passing parallel to the conduit (30), into the chamber (31) that carries saline water for desalination.

[0069] FIG. 19 shows the mirrors (3), the focal duct (2), the insulating element (18) and the sun at the equinox.

[0070] FIG. 20 shows the mirrors (3), the focal duct (2), the insulating element (18) and the sun at the time of a solstice.

[0071] FIG. 21 shows the crossbars (31) for holding the mirrors (3) and which is supported by the cables (30) and these from the ends of some posts.

[0072] FIG. 22 shows the crossbars (31) for holding the mirrors (3) supported by the cables (30). Here the mirrors are attached and secured differently than in FIG. 21.

[0073] FIG. 23 shows the crossbars (31) for holding the mirrors (3) and supported by the cables (30).

[0074] FIG. 24 shows the solar rays (11) incident on the mirrors (6f), the ovoid and vertical focal duct (2a). This allows the lower mirrors to be placed.

[0075] FIG. 25 shows the solar rays (11) incident on the mirrors (3) supported integrated into the plate (6c), the ovoid and vertical focal duct (2a).

[0076] FIG. 26 shows the different focal ducts with different sections (2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i. 2j, 2k, 2m and 2n) that provide a large surface area.

[0077] FIG. 27 shows the solar rays (3v, of the summer solstice) (3e, of an equinox) (and 3i, of the winter solstice, all this for the northern hemisphere, incident on the mirror (1) that reflects and concentrates them in the semi-parabolic cylindrical focal duct (2), with an elliptical or oval section. The mirror (1) is supported by the posts (4) at the ends and some cables not shown in the figure. The north (N) and the south (S) are to determine its geographical orientation.

[0078] FIG. 28 shows several rotating or tilting mirrors (1) and attached to their upper edge by the cables (6). The cables are attached to their ends by the posts (4), with their end flexible bottom, which are tiltable using the cable (6). The solar rays hit the mirrors and are concentrated on the focal duct (2). North (N) and south(S) are to determine its geographical orientation.

[0079] The FIG. 29 shows the post (4) that supports the horizontal cables (6h) at its ends, which in turn support the semi-cylinder-parabolic mirror (1), which is retracted for wind protection by means of the cable or belt (20) that runs between the winch pulley (21) and the pulley (23) at the upper end of the mast, thereby moving the connection point (24) between the cable (20) and the mirror (1). During its collection the mirror is shown with the dashed line. Shows the focal ducts (2c) and geographic points (N and S).

[0080] FIG. 30 shows two posts (4) between which the horizontal cables (6h and 6) are arranged that support the mirror (1) and give it shape. When the roller formed by some discs (25a) and the cables (22) rotates between its peripheries, the mirror (1) is wound, helped by the pulley (23) and the cable (20a), which by means of a motor or a spring keeps it tight. Shows the geographic points (N and S).