Apparatus for homogenization and separation of substance mixtures composed of particles

Abstract

Apparatus (1) for homogenization and separation of substance mixtures composed of particles, having two or more material discharges, wherein a rotating drum (5) is provided, which comminutes and homogenizes the substance mixture, on the one hand, and accelerates the particles in a predetermined direction.

Claims

1. An apparatus for homogenization and separation of substance mixtures composed of particles, comprising: two or more material discharges; a first separation device comprising a rotating drum; and a second separation device following the first separation device having the drum; wherein the rotating drum comminutes and homogenizes a substance mixture and accelerates the particles in a predetermined direction to form first and second fractions; wherein the first fraction is received by the second separation device; wherein the second separation device comprises a first conveyor belt which accelerates all of the particles in the first fraction in a single direction and separates all of the particles in the first fraction to form third and fourth fractions; wherein the first conveyor belt is configured to be adjustable with regard to inclination, horizontal position, and/or vertical position, and wherein the rotating drum is equipped with striking tools, wherein these striking tools are connected with the rotating drum in a fixed manner or a movable manner in which the striking tools are put into position by a centrifugal force of the rotating drum.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the striking tools are configured to be replaceable.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one or more drive motors are provided for the rotating drum, wherein the one or more drive motors are connected with the drum directly or indirectly.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotating drum is configured so as to be horizontally and/or vertically adjustable.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a conveying element is provided, which passes the substance mixture to be separated along to the drum.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the conveying element comprises a second conveyor belt configured to be adjustable, at least in relation to the drum, with regard to its inclination.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least one material collection apparatus configured to be adjustable with regard to inclination, vertical position and/or horizontal position.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the at least one material collection apparatus comprises a conveying element configured to be adjustable with regard to inclination, vertical position and/or horizontal position.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein at least two conveying elements are provided, wherein their conveying directions are oriented to run opposite one another.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least one discharge device for separated particles comprising a conveying element configured to be adjustable with regard to vertical and/or horizontal position.

11. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a material feed is provided, which is configured to be regulatable and applies material to the second conveyor belt.

12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a dust-removal system with air feed and air discharge is provided, which is configured to be regulatable.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a filter system is provided, which removes entrained particles when the air is suctioned away.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In the following, the invention will be illustrated using an exemplary embodiment.

(2) In this regard, the figures show:

(3) FIG. 1 a schematic representation of an apparatus according to the invention, having a rotating drum and conveyor belts,

(4) FIG. 2 a detail representation of the rotating drum, and

(5) FIG. 3 a schematic representation of a dust removal system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(6) In FIG. 1, 1 refers to an apparatus for comminution, homogenization, and separation of substance mixtures composed of particles. This apparatus 1 has a feed region 2 and a discharge region 3.

(7) A conveyor belt 4 that rises at a slant in the transport direction is disposed in the feed region 2, which belt feeds a substance mixture to be separated to a rotating drum 5.

(8) For this purpose, the conveyor belt 4 ends above the rotating drum 5, so that the substance mixture impacts the drum 5 as it falls down at the end of the conveyor belt 4.

(9) The conveyor belt 4 can be structured to be adjustable with regard to its horizontal and/or vertical position and inclination, thereby making it possible for adaptation to different substance mixtures to take place.

(10) Likewise, the drum 5 is configured to be adjustable with regard to its horizontal and/or vertical position, wherein an adjustment gear mechanism or the like can be provided, thereby making it possible for adjustment to take place even during ongoing operation of the apparatus 1.

(11) Substance mixtures that consist of particles, for example composed of slag, flue ash, shredders, shredded residues, household garbage and commercial garbage, both from shredders and from waste dumps, must be separated into the substances contained in them. For this purpose, they are passed onto the rotating drum 5 by way of the conveyor belt 4 described above. When the particles impact, they are comminuted once again and thereby homogenized. These comminuted and homogenized particles are accelerated in a predetermined direction, into the discharge region 3, by means of the rotating drum 5.

(12) In this regard, each particle is given a corresponding impulse by the drum 5.

(13) In order to ensure a good impulse transfer and also to keep the scatter angle of the accelerated particles small, striking tools 6 are provided on the surface of the drum 5.

(14) In this regard, these striking tools 6 can be configured as transverse ribs, for example. However, large and solid striking tools are also conceivable, which are either rigidly connected with the drum 5 or are mounted in movable manner. Movably mounted striking tools are then set upright by means of the centrifugal force brought about by the drum rotation.

(15) It is practical if the striking tools 6 are configured to be replaceable, so that they can be exchanged when worn. However, it is also conceivable that the striking tools 6 are replaced together with the drum 5.

(16) The size and shape of the striking tools is determined in accordance with the particles to be processed; above all, this is dependent on their mass and size.

(17) If particles having approximately the same size but different mass now impact the rotating drum 5, they are slung away in the direction of the discharge 3 at different distances, and thereby separated from one another.

(18) For this reason, it is particularly important that the particles are comminuted and homogenized by means of the impact of the particles onto the rotating drum 5 or the striking tools 6. The greater the homogeneity of the particle sizes, the better the separation between the fractions.

(19) In this regard, the drum 5 rotates forward, so that the impacting particles are immediately accelerated in the direction of the discharge 3.

(20) By means of this configuration, very tight scattering of the particles between an opening angle of 10 and 15 is achieved.

(21) In this regard, the drum 5 can be driven indirectly, for example by an electric motor 51, which is disposed in the apparatus 1 outside of the sorting space and thereby protected against contamination.

(22) Direct drive is also conceivable.

(23) Since no guide devices are provided, the substance mixture to be sorted can also be sticky, as is usual in the case of many types of waste. In this way, adhesion to and piling up on guide devices is prevented.

(24) Adhesion is also prevented on the drum 5 and on the striking tools 6 by means of the centrifugal forces that occur.

(25) In the discharge region 3, two conveyor belts 7 and 8 are provided in this exemplary embodiment, which belts can be configured to be adjustable with regard to their inclination and horizontal and/or vertical position.

(26) However, collection tubs or other suitable devices, which can also be configured to be adjustable, are also conceivable.

(27) The separated fractions accordingly impact the two conveyor belts 7 and 8 and are transported away by them and either passed along to further treatment or to collection containers.

(28) In this exemplary embodiment, the first conveyor belt 7 transports the particles downward, counter to the throwing direction of the drum 5, whereas the second conveyor belt 8 transports the fraction further in the throwing direction and passes it on to a high-speed conveyor belt 9.

(29) The particles of the fraction are accelerated on this high-speed conveyor belt 9 and separated once again.

(30) In this separation stage, a collection container 10 and a further conveyor belt 11 are now available as a further collection device. Here, too, adjustability with regard to position and, if a conveyor belt is involved, with regard to inclination is also conceivable.

(31) In this exemplary embodiment, the conveyor belt 11 holds the particles having low density. This is what is called the light-weight discharge.

(32) Multiple separation steps are conceivable.

(33) Since usual guide devices and baffle plates are eliminated, even sticky material can be separated. This represents a significant advantage as compared with known systems.

(34) In addition, a dust-removal system having a housing 31 with air discharge 32 shown in FIG. 3 can also be provided, which is able to suction off very light particles. For this purpose, an air feed 33 is disposed in the lower region of the discharge region 3, and an air suction system is disposed in the upper region of the discharge region 3.

(35) The dust-removal system ensures that the separation stages that are formed are not contaminated by lighter particles. These light particles are suctioned off and can be separated by means of a separator or a filter system 34, for example, and then represent a further separation stage.

(36) Conveyor, not shown, or even larger silos and larger collection containers can be provided in order to be able to guarantee at least approximately continuous operation of the apparatus 1.

(37) In total, the separation precision and thereby the sorting quality of the apparatus 1 is very good.