Phase change material panel and passive thermally controlled shipping container employing the panels

Abstract

A phase change thermal storage unit having has at least one conformational feature selected from (i) a fill port located proximate a corner of the of the panel, (ii) internal contouring that alters the thickness of the phase change material retention chamber for creating an average thickness of the chamber within a central portion of the chamber which is less than the average thickness of the chamber within a peripheral portion of the chamber, and (iii) fingertip indentation handles proximate each and every edge.

Claims

1. A passive thermal controlled shipping container, comprising: (a) a thermally insulated cuboidal shell having six walls that include a selectively openable top wall, a bottom wall and four sidewalls between the top wall and the bottom wall, defining a selectively accessible thermally insulated volume, and (b) phase change thermal storage units lining at least two of the sidewalls defining the insulated volume to form a passive thermal controlled payload chamber, wherein each of the phase change thermal storage units comprise: (1) a panel (i) having a front wall and a back wall transversely spaced from the front wall, and edges, and (ii) defining a chamber having a transverse thickness, a central portion proximate a volumetric center of the chamber, and a peripheral portion proximate the edges of the panel, the peripheral portion of the chamber divisible into a plurality of peripheral margin chambers each extending the same distance inward from the perimeter of the front wall, each having an average thickness, and each extending along and encompassing the entirety of one of the edges, wherein at least three of the peripheral margin chambers have equivalent average thicknesses; (2) a sole phase change material sealingly retained within the chamber; and (3) internal contouring of the panel for creating an average thickness of the chamber within the central portion of the chamber which is less than the average thickness of the chamber within the peripheral portion of the chamber.

2. The passive thermal controlled shipping container of claim 1 wherein the chamber defined by each panel is equally volumetrically divided between the central portion and the peripheral portion with the peripheral portion comprising a marginal volume extending a given distance inward from the entire perimeter of the back wall.

3. The passive thermal controlled shipping container of claim 1 wherein the chamber defined by each panel is volumetrically divided with 20% of the volume within the central portion and 80% of the volume within the peripheral portion, with the peripheral portion comprising a marginal volume extending a given distance inward from the entire perimeter of the front wall.

4. The passive thermal controlled shipping container of claim 1 wherein the chamber defined by each panel has an average thickness within the central portion of the chamber that is at least 25% less than the average thickness of the chamber within the peripheral portion of the chamber, and the peripheral portion of the chamber is bounded by a margin extending a given distance inward from the entire perimeter of the front wall.

5. The passive thermal controlled shipping container of claim 4 wherein the given distance is at least 2 inches.

6. The passive thermal controlled shipping container of claim 3 wherein the chamber defined by each panel has a maximum thickness within the central portion and a maximum thickness within the peripheral portion, and the ratio of maximum thickness within the central portion to maximum thickness within the peripheral portion of the chamber is between 1 to 1.5 and 1 to 3.

7. The passive thermal controlled shipping container of claim 3 wherein the chamber defined by each panel has a minimum thickness within the central portion and a minimum thickness within the peripheral portion, and the ratio of minimum thickness within the central portion to minimum thickness within the peripheral portion of the chamber is between 1 to 1 and 1 to 3.

8. The passive thermal controlled shipping container of claim 1 wherein the internal contouring of each panel is configured and arranged to create a restriction within the chamber of each panel operable for delaying gravitational sinking of a melting solid mass of frozen non-aqueous phase change material within the chamber of a vertically upright panel from an uppermost margin of the upright chamber into a central portion of the upright chamber.

9. The passive thermal controlled shipping container of claim 1 wherein the internal contouring of each panel is configured and arranged to create a restriction within the chamber of each panel operable for delaying gravitational sinking of a melting solid mass of frozen non-aqueous phase change material within the chamber of a vertically upright panel from an uppermost margin of the upright chamber into a side margin of the upright chamber.

10. The passive thermal controlled shipping container of claim 1 wherein each panel is rectangular.

11. The passive thermal controlled shipping container of claim 1 wherein the edges of each panel are beveled.

12. The passive thermal controlled shipping container of claim 11 wherein the edges of each panel are beveled at 45.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a top view of one embodiment of a phase change thermal storage unit in accordance with the invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the phase change thermal storage unit depicted in FIG. 1 depicting an exemplary phantom boundary line between the central and peripheral portions of the phase change material retaining chamber.

(3) FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the phase change thermal storage unit depicted in FIG. 1 taken along line 3-3.

(4) FIG. 4 is a top view of the phase change thermal storage unit depicted in FIG. 1 with the front wall removed to allow viewing of the phase change material and headspace volume therein.

(5) FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the corner portion of the panel containing the fill port encircled in FIG. 5 with an exaggerated headspace.

(6) FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a passive thermal controlled shipping container in accordance with the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Nomenclature

(7) 100 Phase Change Material-Containing Panel/Phase Change Thermal Storage Unit/Heat Storage Element 110 Panel 110z Panel Central Transverse Axis 111 Front Wall of Panel 112 Back Wall of Panel 113 Edges of Panel 114 Corners of Panel 114t Truncated Corner of Panel 115 Fingertip Indentation Handle 119 Chamber defined by the Panel 119i Imaginary Boundary Separating Central Portion of Chamber from Peripheral Portion of Chamber 119.sub.0 Volumetric Center of Chamber 119.sub.1 Central Portion of Chamber 119.sub.2 Peripheral Portion of Chamber 119v Total Volume of Chamber 119v.sub.1 PCM Occupied Portion of Total Volume 119v.sub.2 Headspace Portion of Total Volume 119z Transverse Thickness of Chamber 120 Fill Port on Panel 121 Base of Fill Port 129 Fill Port Channel 129a Channel Axis 130 Phase Change Material 130t Top Surface of Phase Change Material 200 Passive Thermal Controlled Shipping Container 210 Shell 220 Thermal Insulation Panels 229 Thermally Insulated Volume 239 Passive Thermal Controlled Payload Chamber x Direction of Length (Longitude) y Direction of Width (Lateral) z Direction of Height or Thickness (Transverse)

Definitions

(8) As utilized herein, including the claims, the term cuboidal means a three dimensional six sided shape in which the six sides are rectangular.

(9) As utilized herein, including the claims, the term generally cuboidal means a three dimensional six sided panel shape in which the two major surfaces of the shape are rectangular and the four surfaces of the shape defining the thin dimension of the shape may or may not be rectangular.

(10) As utilized herein, including the claims, the term headspace means the gas phase volume above a liquid or solid in a closed container.

(11) As utilized herein, including the claims, the term heat sealed means sealed using heat and pressure, and includes specifically but not exclusively, hot bar sealing and spin welding.

(12) As utilized herein, including the claims, the term panel means an element having a thin dimension.

(13) As utilized herein, including the claims, the phrase phase change material means a material capable of repeated thermal-induced changes between a solid form and a liquid form.

(14) As utilized herein, including the claims, the phrase fill port means an opening in a container for admitting a fluid.

(15) As utilized herein, including the claims, the phrase base of the fill port means the end of the lumen defined by the fill port closest to the volume of the container to be filled with a fluid admitted through the fill port.

(16) As utilized herein, including the claims, the phrase fingertip indentation handle is an indentation in an exterior facing surface of an item, shaped to accommodate insertion of at least one fingertip into the indentation and lifting of the item using only the inserted at least one fingertip.

(17) As utilized herein, including the claims, the term passive means without a power source (i.e., without operation of an electric motor or a combustion engine).

(18) As utilized herein, including the claims, the term removable means capable of removal without damage or destruction of the element removed or any item from which the element is removed.

(19) As utilized herein, including the claims, the phrase substantially orthogonal means an angle of 9010.

(20) As utilized herein, including the claims, the phrases thermal insulation means a material that is a poor thermal conductor, such as foamed plastic and vacuum insulating panels.

(21) As utilized herein, including the claims, the phrase truncated corner means a corner in which the corner point has been cut and replaced with a plane.

(22) As utilized herein, including the claims, the phrase vertically upright in reference to a panel means the thin dimension of the panel is perpendicular to the direction of gravitational force.

(23) As utilized herein, including the claims, the phrase volumetric center means the center of a given volume.

(24) As utilized herein, including the claims, the phrase average thickness for a given area under consideration means the thickness of each point within the area under consideration times the area having that thickness divided by the total area. For example, the average thickness of a 20 cm long, 20 cm wide and 2 cm thick chamber having a 10 cm by 10 cm center portion with a decreased thickness of 1 cm is the area having a thickness of 2 cm [(20 cm)(20 cm)(10 cm)(10 cm)=300 cm.sup.2] multiplied by the thickness of that area (2 cm) plus the area having a thickness of 1 cm [(10 cm)(10 cm)=100 cm.sup.2] multiplied by the thickness of that area (1 cm) divided by the total area [(20 cm)(20 cm)=400 cm.sup.2].
Average Thickness=((300 cm.sup.2)(2 cm)+(100 cm.sup.2)(1 cm))/400 cm.sup.2=1.75 cm.
Construction
Phase Change Thermal Storage Unit 100

(25) Referring to FIG. 4 the invention is directed to a phase change thermal storage unit 100. The phase change thermal storage unit 100 is a panel 110 defining a chamber 119. The chamber 119 has a total volume 119v which is divided between a first volume 119v.sub.1 occupied by phase change material 130 and a second void volume headspace 119v2. The phase change material 130 is introduced into the chamber 119 through a fill port 120.

(26) Referring to FIGS. 1-4, the panel 110 is a thin, usually rectangular, hollow container having transversely spaced front and back walls 111, 112 that establish a panel thickness, and edges 113 spaced in the longitudinal x and lateral y directions to establish length and width respectively. The edges 113 interface at corners 114. The edges 113 of the panel 100 may be orthogonal to the front and back walls 111, 112, or may be beveled such as a 45 bevel to accommodate effective edge to edge abutment of phase change thermal storage units 100 within a cuboidal passive thermal controlled shipping container 200. The panel 110 defines a central transverse axis 110z.

(27) Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the fill port 120 is located proximate a corner 114 of the panel 110. The fill port 120 preferably extends through an edge 113 of the panel 110 and most preferably extends through a truncated corner 114t of the panel 110. The fill port 120 defines a channel 129 in fluid communication with the chamber 119 defined by the panel 110. The fill port channel 129 defines a linear fill port channel axis 129a which is preferably substantially orthogonal to the panel central transverse axis 110z. Referring to FIG. 4, this configuration and arrangement of the fill port 120 on the panel 110 allows the chamber 119 to be filled with phase change material 130 with a corner 114 of the panel 110 at the apex rather than an entire edge 113 of the panel 110. This minimizes the volume of the void volume headspace 119v2 created when, in accordance with best practices, a vertical gap of defined distance is left between the top surface 131 of the phase change material 130 and the base 121 of the fill port 120 during manufacture to avoid spillage of phase change material 130 on production equipment and the production floor. Hence, even when observing best practices and leaving a vertical gap of at least 2 mm measured from the base 121 of the fill port 120 to the top surface 131 of the phase change material 130, the invention allows the volume of the void volume headspace 119v2 can be held below 3%, preferably below 2% of the total volume 119v of the chamber 119 and in many instances, depending predominantly upon the size of the total volume 119v of the chamber 119, below 1% and even below 0.5% of the total volume 119v of the chamber 119.

(28) Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 the panel chamber 119 has a thickness 119z which can be varied by contouring the front 111 and/or back 112 walls of the panel 110 to create a central portion 119.sub.1 of the chamber 119 proximate a volumetric center 119.sub.0 of the chamber 119 having an average thickness 119z which is less than the average thickness 119z of a peripheral portion 119.sub.2 of the chamber 119 proximate the edges 113 of the panel 110. Referring to FIG. 2, the central portion 119.sub.1 and peripheral portion 119.sub.2 of the chamber 119 are visualized as separated by an exemplary imaginary boundary 119i.

(29) The average thickness of the chamber 119 within the central portion 119.sub.1 of the chamber 119 is preferably at least 25% less than the average thickness of the chamber 119 within the peripheral portion 119.sub.2 of the chamber 119.

(30) The relative maximum thicknesses 119z of the chamber 119 in the central portion 119.sub.1 and peripheral portion 119.sub.2 preferably has a ratio of between 1 to 1.5 and 1 to 3. The relative minimum thicknesses 119z of the chamber 119 in the central portion 119.sub.1 and peripheral portion 119.sub.2 preferably has a ratio of between 1 to 1 and 1 to 3.

(31) The central portion 119.sub.1 of the chamber 119 has a central volume and the peripheral portion 119.sub.2 of the chamber 119 has a marginal volume. The peripheral portion 119.sub.2 of the chamber 119 preferably extends a given distance inward from the entire longitudinal x and laterally y perimeter of the chamber 119. The given distance is preferably at least 2 inches. The total volume 119v of the chamber 119 is preferably divided with 20% of the volume within the central portion and 80% of the volume within the peripheral portion. More preferably, the total volume 119v of the chamber 119 is equally volumetrically divided between the central volume and the marginal volume.

(32) Such contouring of the front 111 and/or back 112 walls of the panel 110 is preferably configured and arranged to create restrictions within the chamber 119 operable for delaying gravitational rising of melting ice and gravitation sinking of melting frozen non-aqueous phase change material 130 within the chamber 119 of a vertically upright panel 110 from a peripheral portion 119.sub.2 of the upright chamber 119 into either the central portion 119.sub.1 of the upright chamber 119 or a peripheral margin adjacent a different edge 113 of the panel 110.

(33) Referring to FIG. 1, the panel 110 preferably includes fingertip indentation handles 115 in the front wall 111 of the panel 110 proximate each and every edge 113 for facilitating insertion and removal of the phase change thermal storage units 100 into and out from a shipping container 200. Mirror image fingertip indentation handles 115 can also be provided in the back wall 112 of the panel 110. The rotational symmetry about the transverse z axis achieved by providing fingertip indentation handles 115 proximate each and every edge 113 avoids the need for a particular rotational orientation of the units 100 about the transverse z axis when positioned along the sides of a shipping container 200 to ensure accessible location of a fingertip indentation handle 115 at the top of the units 100. The fingertip indentation handles 115 provide additional restrictions within the chamber 119 operable for delaying gravitational sinking of melting frozen non-aqueous phase change material 130. The rotational symmetry of these handles 115 assures this performance enhancing feature is present in all rotational orientations of the panel 110.

(34) Passive Thermal Controlled Shipping Container 200

(35) Referring to FIG. 6, the phase change thermal storage units 100 are particularly suited for use in assembly of a passive thermal controlled shipping container 200.

(36) The shipping container 200 has an outside shell 210, an inner lining of thermal insulation 220 creating a thermally insulated volume 229, and a removable inner lining of the phase change thermal storage units 100 creating a passive thermally controlled payload chamber 239.

(37) The outside shell 210 is made from corrugated cardboard or the like for holding the thermal insulation 220 and phase change thermal storage units 100 in proper conformation surrounding a passive thermally controlled payload chamber 239.

(38) The thermal insulation 220 is inserted snugly into the outer shell 210 as a lining against the walls of the outer shell 210 to form a thermally insulated volume 229. The thermal insulation 220 may be vacuum insulated panels, Styrofoam or the like, or any material having, good insulation qualities, ie., having a high thermal resistance R-value.

(39) The phase change thermal storage units 100, thermally conditioned into the desired phase (solid for shipping in climates warmer than the target payload chamber temperature and liquid for shipping in climates colder than the target payload chamber temperature), are slid into the thermally insulated volume 229 against the thermal insulation 220 to form a passive thermally controlled payload chamber 239.

(40) The article to be shipped is placed in the passive thermally controlled payload chamber 239 through an access opening in the container 200, a thermal insulation panel 220 and a phase change thermal storage unit 100 placed over the access opening in the payload chamber 239, a lid or cover placed thereover, and the payload containing passive thermally controlled shipping container sealed and shipped.

(41) Method of Filling Panels 110

(42) Referring to FIG. 4, panels 110 having a corner fill port 120 in accordance with the invention are suited for being filled with phase change material 130 by (i) holding the panel 110 in a vertically upright position with the corner 113 of the panel 110 occupied by the fill port 120 at the apex of the panel 110 and the opening of the fill port 120 vertically higher than the entire volume 119v of the chamber 119, (ii) filling the chamber 119 with phase change material 130 through the fill port 120, and the (iii) sealing the opening through the fill port 120.

(43) This technique allows the chamber 119 to be filled with sufficient phase change material 130 to limit the void volume headspace 119v2 in the chamber 119 to less than 3%, preferably below 2%, most preferably below 1% and often times even less than 0.5% of the total volume 119v of the chamber 119, while also leaving a safe, no-spill vertical gap of at least 2 mm between the top 130t of the phase change material 130 and the base 121 of the fill port 120.

(44) For many popular applications, the phase change thermal storage unit 100 in accordance with this invention would have a generally cuboidal panel 110 with orthogonal or beveled edges 113 defining a generally cuboidal chamber 119 of less than 3,000 cm.sup.3 filled with an amount of a non-aqueous phase change material 130 sufficient to provide a headspace 119v.sub.2 within the chamber 119 which is (i) at least 2 mm deep measured from the base 121 of the fill port 120 when the fill port 120 is vertically higher than the entire volume 119v of the chamber 119, and (ii) has a volume 119v.sub.2 which is less than 2%, preferably less than 1% and most preferable less than 0.5%, of the total volume 119v of the chamber 119.

(45) The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof; and it is, therefore; desired that the present embodiment be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention.