COMPONENT FOR PRODUCING BUILDING PARTS SUCH AS WALLS AND CEILINGS

Abstract

A component for producing building parts has two outer parts arranged at a distance from one another and at least one inner part arranged between the outer parts. The inner part has at least one first part adjacent to an outer part and a second part adjacent to the upper outer part, which has at least one vibration-capable leg, which projects from a third part connecting the first part to the second part, is spaced from the first part by at least one slot and on its side facing away from the first part has at least one recess, which is bridged by the upper outer part and delimited at one end by a projection that has a contact surface, on which the upper outer part is mounted, so that an overall vibration-capable mounting results for the one outer part, leading to a decoupling of structure-borne sound.

Claims

1. A component for producing building parts, such as walls and ceilings, comprising at least two outer parts arranged at a distance from one another and at least one inner part which is arranged in the space between the outer parts and firmly connected to the outer parts, wherein the inner part has at least one first part adjacent to an outer part and a second part adjacent to the upper outer part, the second part has at least one vibration-capable leg, which projects in one direction from a third part connecting the first part to the second part, is spaced from the first part by at least one slot and has on its side facing away from the first part at least one recess, which is bridged by the upper outer part and is delimited at one end by a projection, which has a contact surface on which the upper outer part is mounted, wherein a panel-shaped vibrating element projects into at least one slot, which element projects from a respective third part and has a free end and which divides the slot into two adjacent slots.

2. The component of claim 1, wherein the second part has a further vibration-capable leg which projects from the third part in the direction opposite to the one direction, is spaced from the first part by a further slot and has a further projection, which also has a contact surface on which the upper outer part is also mounted, the recess extending between the one projection and the further projection, which is located at the other end of the recess.

3. The component of claim 1, wherein the inner part has a plurality of second parts and a plurality of third parts, each of which connects the first part to a respective second part, at least one vibration-capable leg projects from each third part, which leg is spaced from the first part by a respective slot, each leg has a recess, which is bridged by the upper outer part and is delimited at one end in each case by a respective projection, and each projection has a respective contact surface, on which the upper outer part is mounted, in each case two second parts arranged next to one another having two opposite ends which are spaced from one another by a slot-shaped intermediate space that opens into two contiguous slots which extend in each case between two third parts of in each case two second parts arranged next to one another.

4. The component of claim 1, wherein the inner part has a plurality of second parts and a plurality of third parts, each of which connects the first part to a respective second part, in each case two vibration-capable legs extending in opposite directions project from each third part, in each case one leg projecting from a respective third part is integrally connected to an adjacent leg projecting from a respective adjacent third part, so that the second parts are a continuous individual part, in each case one slot extending between two respective adjacent third parts, which slot is delimited by a portion of the first part and two legs integrally connected to one another, the individual part consisting of a plurality of second parts having a plurality of recesses on its side facing away from the first part, which are bridged by the upper outer part and each of which extends between two adjacent projections, each of which has a contact surface on which the upper outer part is mounted.

5. The component of claim 1, wherein at least one elastic layer is arranged in a respective slot.

6. The component of claim 1, wherein multiple inner parts are arranged at a distance from one another between the outer parts and the lower outer part is mounted on the contact surfaces of all inner parts.

7. The component of claim 1, wherein the outer parts are all panel-shaped and consist of wood or a wood-based composite material.

8. The component of claim 1, wherein the or each inner part consists of full wood or solid wood or of a wood-based composite material.

9. A story ceiling comprising one or more components, each of the one or more components comprising at least two outer parts arranged at a distance from one another and at least one inner part which is arranged in the space between the outer parts and firmly connected to the outer parts, wherein the inner part has at least one first part adjacent to an outer part and a second part adjacent to the upper outer part, the second part has at least one vibration-capable leg, which projects in one direction from a third part connecting the first part to the second part, is spaced from the first part by at least one slot and has on its side facing away from the first part at least one recess, which is bridged by the upper outer part and is delimited at one end by a projection, which has a contact surface on which the upper outer part is mounted, wherein a panel-shaped vibrating element projects into at least one slot, which element projects from a respective third part and has a free end and which divides the slot into two adjacent slots, wherein the outer parts of the story ceiling are panel-shaped and are all aligned horizontally, one outer part forming the underside of the story ceiling and the upper outer part forming the upper side of the story ceiling.

10. A building wall comprising one or more components, each of the one or more components comprising at least two outer parts arranged at a distance from one another and at least one inner part which is arranged in the space between the outer parts and firmly connected to the outer parts, wherein the inner part has at least one first part adjacent to an outer part and a second part adjacent to the upper outer part, the second part has at least one vibration-capable leg, which projects in one direction from a third part connecting the first part to the second part, is spaced from the first part by at least one slot and has on its side facing away from the first part at least one recess, which is bridged by the upper outer part and is delimited at one end by a projection, which has a contact surface on which the upper outer part is mounted, wherein a panel-shaped vibrating element projects into at least one slot, which element projects from a respective third part and has a free end and which divides the slot into two adjacent slots, wherein the outer parts of the building wall are panel-shaped and are all aligned vertically, one outer part forming one side of the wall and the other outer part forming the opposite side of the wall.

11. The building wall of claim 10, wherein the building wall is used as an interior or exterior wall of a building.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] The invention relates to a component for producing building parts, such as walls and ceilings, comprising at least two outer parts arranged at a distance from one another and at least one inner part which is arranged in the space between the outer parts and is connected to the outer parts.

[0009] The acoustic quality is a general requirement for room-dividing components (e.g. ceilings, walls) of buildings. It primarily concerns the transmission of airborne and impact sound between rooms in the building. In the case of multi-shell room-dividing components, the shells, which are usually panel-like flat structures, are rigidly connected to one another by beams and posts in order to ensure the load-bearing capacity and stiffening. This type of connection leads to a barely insulated transmission of vibrations and structure-borne sound between the shells or panels and thus to a disturbing sound transmission between rooms in the building.

[0010] Known measures to reduce this transmission by means of decoupling are placed on or under wooden beams in story ceilings, for example in the form of elements made of elastic material (cf. e.g. Gsele, K. (1993) Holzbau HandbuchSchallschutz bei Holzbalkendecken [wood construction manual-sound protection in wooden beam ceilings]. Ed: Entwicklungsgemeinschaft Holzbau DGfH, Munich; DE 10227327 A1; Hessinger, J., Rabold, A., Sa, B. & Schramm, M. (2020), Schallschutz im Holzbau [sound protection in wood construction]; in Building Physics Calendar 2020 (Ed: Fouad, N. A., Berlin). However, these measures impair the load-bearing capacity and stiffening of the ceiling construction, especially since no mechanical connecting elements can be passed through these elements. Without this impairment but with the same objective, the cavities laterally between the beams or posts are filled, in some cases, with damping or weighting material. In addition, elastically mounted masses, such as vibration absorbers (see e.g. Gsele, K., (2002), Verbesserung des Schallschutzes von Holzbauteilen durch Schwingungstilger [Improving the sound insulation of wooden components by means of vibration absorbers] (acoustic leeches); in Bauphysik (24, pages 93-101)) are attached to the panel-like components in order to extract vibration energy from a ceiling or wall construction. More recent variants of vibration absorbers are narrow, elongated formations directly in the wooden beams which, similar to a bar clamped on one side, carry out resonance-like natural vibrations and also extract vibration energy from the ceiling construction (cf. e.g. Mlaga-Chuquitaype, C. & Ilkanaev, J. (2018), Novel Digitally-manufactured Wooden Beams for Vibration Reduction; in Structures (vol. 16, pages 1-9)). However, all these additional measures, whether between or on the beams and posts, can only insulate or dampen the sound or vibration energy already introduced into the room-dividing component. For this reason, their effect is limited, in particular in the case of the critical airborne and impact sound.

[0011] Against this background, the object of the invention is to design the component of the type mentioned at the beginning in such a way that the above mentioned disadvantages of the prior art are avoided without restricting the load-bearing capacity and stiffening.

[0012] The component according to the invention is characterized in particular by its ability to decouple structure-borne sound, which is substantially achieved by the special shape of the inner part which, thanks to this shape, has a structurally integrated spring effect. The inner part of the component according to the invention has a controlled low dynamic stiffness in a defined axis, e.g. in the case of ceilings in a vertical direction, as a result of which an acoustic decoupling is achieved in certain frequency ranges, in particular at low frequencies.

[0013] The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following description of a plurality of exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In these drawings,

[0014] FIG. 1 shows a schematically depicted section of a component for producing a story ceiling according to the prior art;

[0015] FIG. 2 shows a schematically depicted section of a first exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention for producing a story ceiling, the panel-shaped outer part arranged in the vertical direction of the story ceiling at the top being shown in dashed lines in order to make the shape of the inner part more visible;

[0016] FIG. 3 shows a schematically depicted section of a second exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention for producing a story ceiling, the panel-shaped outer part arranged in the vertical direction of the story ceiling at the top being shown in dashed lines in order to make the shape of the inner part more visible;

[0017] FIG. 4 shows a schematically depicted section of a third exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention for producing a story ceiling, the outer part which is arranged in the vertical direction of the story ceiling at the top being not shown in order to make the shape of the inner part more visible; and

[0018] FIG. 5 shows a schematically depicted section of a fourth exemplary embodiment of a component according to the invention for producing a story ceiling, the outer part which is below in the vertical direction of the story ceiling and the part which is above in the vertical direction of the story ceiling being not shown in order to make the shape of the inner part more visible.

MEANING OF THE REFERENCE SIGNS IN THE DRAWINGS

[0019] 1 wooden beam [0020] 2 upper outer part [0021] 3 lower outer part [0022] 4 inner part [0023] 5 first part [0024] 6 second part [0025] 7 slot [0026] 7a slot [0027] 8 contact surface [0028] 9 recess [0029] 10 intermediate space [0030] 11 slot [0031] 12 vibration element [0032] 13 leg [0033] 14 third part [0034] 15 projection [0035] 16 elastic layer

[0036] The drawings and the following description show and describe, respectively, the component according to the invention when used as a component for the production of a story ceiling of a building, i.e. with vertical spring effect of the inner part 4 arranged between a horizontally extending upper panel-shaped outer part 2 and a horizontally extending lower panel-shaped outer part 3. However, the component according to the invention can also be used as a component for producing partition walls, i.e. with horizontal spring effect of the inner part 4, which in this case is installed between the two vertically arranged, panel-shaped outer parts 2, 3.

[0037] Just like the wooden beams 1 between the upper outer part 2 and the lower outer part 3 in double-shell wooden story ceilings made of conventional components according to FIG. 1, the inner parts 4 of the components according to the invention, which are shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, can be used in the same place, it also being possible to use them to ensure the load-bearing capacity and stiffening of the ceiling structure. For this purpose, they are attached to the outer parts 2, 3 directly, i.e. without further intermediate layers or the like, and rigidly, e.g. by gluing, screwing or nailing. As an alternative to the above mentioned rigid types of connection, it is also possible, according to a further development of the invention, to use movable types of connection, such as an articulated connection, which is created e.g. by interlockingly connecting the parts to be joined. Detachable or non-detachable detent connections are also conceivable.

[0038] The main difference with regard to the component of the prior art according to FIG. 1 is, in the case of a component of the invention according to the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the shape of the rod- or beam-shaped inner part 4, which has a lower part 5 and an upper part 6, which are separated vertically or in the longitudinal direction by a slot 7. As a result, two legs 13 are created, which achieve a resilient mounting of the upper outer part 2 by additionally forming contact surfaces 8 on the upper side of the inner part 4 of the component by means of a recess 9 located between them. Thanks to this special shape of the inner part 4, a structurally integrated spring effect of the inner part 4 is achieved.

[0039] The spring effect in the manner of leaf springs here results in each case from the upper part 6, which is capable of vibration, in particular bending vibration, as a result of the slot 7 and the associated contact surface 8. Since this ability to vibrate is also given for all the other upper parts, slots and contact surfaces, the result is an overall vibration-capable mounting of the upper outer part 2 in a vertical direction of the inner part 4. This vibration-capable mounting in turn leads to a structure-borne sound decoupling between the upper outer part 2 and the lower outer part 3 of the component. The height of the slot 7 can be selected in such a way that the slot remains open under the maximum live load considered in the planning, i.e. the vibration-capable leg 13 does not touch the first part 5.

[0040] According to the invention, it was recognized that, when the building is used, the outer parts 2, 3 are induced to create surface vibrations which lead to a structure-borne sound transmission when the inner parts 4 are clamped in a linear manner according to the prior art. The approximately point-shaped mounting at the contact surfaces 8 according to the invention contributes to an acoustically advantageous decoupling of the outer parts 2, 3.

[0041] Vibration capability and structure-borne sound decoupling are dependent on the frequency, it being necessary to match a plurality of influencing parameters to one another for the purpose of dimensioning. The starting point is the employed material and the properties of the upper outer part 2 and lower outer part 3, such as their surface-related masses and bending stiffnesses. As in the prior art, the outer parts 2, 3 can be made of wood or wood-based material or also of other suitable materials or combinations of materials. In the simplified sense of a multi-mass oscillator, they determine the spring effect of the inner part 4 to be adjusted in order to set a specific frequency range.

[0042] In addition to the properties of the employed material, such as the density, the bending stiffness and the modulus of elasticity, the spring effect of the inner part 4 is substantially determined by the geometry (length and cross-section) of the upper part 6, by the length of the underlying slot 7 and the upper contact surface 8. The cross-sections of slot 7 and recess 9 must also be taken into account here in order to exclude a contact between the upper outer part 2 and recess 9 as well as between the upper outer part 2 and the lower part 5 of the inner part 4 of the component according to the invention, even in the case of larger vibration amplitudes.

[0043] As a rule, a plurality of inner parts 4 are required for a multi-shell room-dividing component. The inner parts 4 can adjoin one another side by side and lengthwise, but can also be distributed in the area between the outer parts 2, 3.

[0044] In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the inner part is shaped in such a way that two legs 13 extending in opposite directions are obtained. As a result, a cross-section of the inner part 4 laid in the longitudinal direction of the inner part 4 is double T-shaped or also H-shaped. An alternative, which is not shown but also belongs to the present invention, with regard to the inner part 4 with a double T-shaped or H-shaped cross-section, is an inner part which has a U-shaped cross-section and which receives this cross-sectional shape if only one leg projects from the third part.

[0045] If the vibrationally designed lengths of multiple upper parts 6 or slots 7 are smaller than the inner part in the longitudinal direction, further vertical slots 10 (slot-shaped intermediate spaces) must be provided, as shown in FIG. 3, which shows a schematically depicted section of a second exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention. In this exemplary embodiment, the vibrationally designed lengths of the upper parts 6 or slots 7 are significantly shorter than the extension of the inner parts 4 and the upper parts 6 are formed as a non-continuous element.

[0046] In cases in which the upper zone of the inner part 4 shall not be impaired, above all with regard to static integrity, the vertical slots 10 can also be omitted, as shown in FIG. 4, which shows a schematically depicted section of a third exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention. In this exemplary embodiment, the vibrationally designed lengths of the upper parts 6 or slots 7 are significantly shorter than the extension of the story ceiling in the longitudinal direction of the inner part 4 and the upper parts 6 are designed as a continuous element with connected legs 13 that are capable of vibration.

[0047] In each case with multiple inner parts 4, it is possible to design them with regard to their frequency-dependent spring effect on different frequency ranges or on different load-bearing capacity and stiffening.

[0048] The effectiveness of the inner parts 4 is given irrespective of the material and can be achieved, for example, with wood or also other materials and combinations of materials. The spring effect to be set in each case is determined by the geometry of the upper part 6 and the lower part 5, taking into account the material properties.

[0049] Further design variants are determined by the geometry (cross-section) of the upper part 6 as well as the length and design of the slot 7 in addition to the surface-related mass and bending stiffness of the upper outer part 2 and the lower outer part 3. If, for example, a higher stiffness of the inner part is required, the width and type of slot 7 can be adapted. In addition to a linear design of the slot 7, it is also possible to use designs that increase or decrease in thickness uniformly, in a stepped or another way, which influences the shape of the upper part 6. This creates a supported leaf spring in the upper part 6.

[0050] Furthermore, the lower part 5 of the inner part 4 can be designed in the same way as the upper part 6 or have a combination of the above mentioned design variants. This includes the design of a further slot 11 in order to obtain an additional vibrating element 12 within the inner part 4, as shown in FIG. 5, which illustrates a schematically depicted section of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention. In this exemplary embodiment, an upper slot 7a and an additional slot 11 below the upper slot 7a are provided in the inner part 4, so that an additional vibrating element 12 is formed between these two slots. This vibrating element 12 in the form of a rod clamped on one side behaves like a vibration absorber. Furthermore, the slot 7 contains a structure-borne sound damping insert 13, which consists of an elastic layer with a high mechanical loss factor. This insert fills the slot 7 partially as shown in FIG. 5, or also completely. The insert 13 and the vibrating element 12 can be provided in combination as shown in FIG. 5. Alternatively, instead of a combination of insert 13 and vibrating element 12, it is also possible to provide only one or more inserts 13 without vibrating element 12, or one or more vibrating elements 12 without an insert 13. In any case, the underside of the lower part 5 of the inner part 4 does not have to be flat as illustrated. It can also have a different shape, such as the same as the upper side of the upper part 6.

[0051] In order to produce the inner part 4, either slots can be cut or milled into full or solid wood or comparable wood composite material cross-sections or multiple wooden elements can be joined together (e.g. glued together) to form a corresponding overall shape. The slots can here be designed in such a way that they do not cover the entire length of the wooden element but only a segment.

[0052] The inner parts 4 can be combined without restriction with other measures, e.g. damping and weighting elements, in the cavities of multi-shell room-dividing components. In the category of horizontal components such as ceilings, ceiling overlays and counter ceilings, their use also includes stair landings and the like. In the case of vertical building elements, such as walls, the inner parts 4 can be used inter alia in interior walls, exterior walls as well as load-bearing and non-load-bearing vertical room-dividing components.

[0053] In the case of vertically or obliquely aligned multi-shell room-dividing components, such as partition walls, lining structures or roof surfaces, the inner parts 4 and all their advantageous embodiments are designed and installed in such a way that their structurally integrated spring effect becomes effective in a horizontal direction or perpendicular to the component inclination. In these cases, e.g. the upper outer part 2 should be understood as the front panel and the lower outer part 3 as the rear panel of a wall or the like.

[0054] Of course, the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. Therefore, the above description should not be regarded as limiting but as explanatory. The below claims should be understood as meaning that an indicated feature is present in at least one embodiment of the invention. This does not exclude the presence of further features. Insofar as the claims and the above description define first and second embodiments, this designation is used to distinguish between two similar embodiments without establishing an order of priority.

[0055] To clarify the use of and to hereby provide notice to the public, the phrases at least one of <A>, <B>, . . . and <N> or at least one of <A>, <B>, . . . or <N> or at least one of <A>, <B>, . . . <N>, or combinations thereof or <A>, <B>, . . . and/or <N> are defined by the Applicant in the broadest sense, superseding any other implied definitions hereinbefore or hereinafter unless expressly asserted by the Applicant to the contrary, to mean one or more elements selected from the group comprising A, B, . . . and N. In other words, the phrases mean any combination of one or more of the elements A, B, . . . or N including any one element alone or the one element in combination with one or more of the other elements which may also include, in combination, additional elements not listed. Unless otherwise indicated or the context suggests otherwise, as used herein, a or an means at least one or one or more.