Method and apparatus for monitoring the lubricant content of elevator ropes

Abstract

A method and an apparatus for monitoring and supervising the lubricant content of elevator ropes in an elevator, which includes at least a hoisting machine provided with a drive motor, the hoisting machine including at least a traction sheave, around which one or more elevator ropes are fitted side-by-side, which ropes move under the effect of friction along with the rotational movement of the traction sheave and at the same time move the elevator car. The lubricant content is monitored and supervised by the aid of a magnetic measuring device disposed in the immediate proximity of the traction sheave and the elevator ropes by collecting in the measuring device the metal dust detaching in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator and by letting the metal dust switch on an alarm about a lubricant content of the elevator ropes that is too low.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and supervising the lubricant content of elevator ropes in an elevator, the elevator comprising at least a hoisting machine provided with a drive motor, the hoisting machine comprising at least a traction sheave, one or more elevator ropes being fitted side-by-side around the traction sheave, the one or more elevator ropes moving under the effect of friction along with the rotational movement of the traction sheave and at the same time moving the elevator car, said method comprising the steps of: monitoring and supervising the lubricant content of the elevator ropes by the aid of a measuring device by: collecting in the measuring device the metal dust and/or rust detaching in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator; and letting the metal dust and/or rust switch on an alarm about a lubricant content of the elevator ropes that is too low.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of collecting the metal dust and/or rust detaching in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator in a permanent magnet that is in the measuring device.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of collecting the metal dust and/or rust detaching in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator on the surface of a permanent magnet that is in the measuring device to electrically close an open alarm circuit connected to the control and operating system of the elevator.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: collecting the metal dust and/or rust detaching in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator on the surface of a permanent magnet that is in the measuring device; measuring the pattern formed by, and/or the amount of, the metal dust and/or rust optically; and effecting an alarm in the control and operating system of the elevator on the basis of a change in the pattern and/or amount.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: collecting the metal dust and/or rust detaching in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator on a permanent magnet that is in the measuring device; measuring a magnetic field of the measuring device; and effecting an alarm in the control and operating system of the elevator on the basis of a change in the value of the magnetic field.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of collecting the metal dust and/or rust detaching in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator on the surface of insulation that is on the surface of the measuring device.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: using two-sided tape as the insulation; and in connection with cleaning of the measuring device, detaching the insulation and, if necessary, replacing the insulation with a new one.

8. An apparatus for monitoring and supervising the lubricant content of elevator ropes in an elevator, the elevator comprising at least a hoisting machine provided with a drive motor, the hoisting machine comprising at least a traction sheave, one or more elevator ropes being fitted side-by-side around the traction sheave, the one or more ropes moving under the effect of friction along with the rotational movement of the traction sheave and at the same time moving the elevator car, said apparatus comprising: at least one measuring device for monitoring and supervising the lubricant content of the elevator ropes, said at least one measuring device being disposed in the proximity of the traction sheave and the elevator ropes and collecting the metal dust and/or rust detaching in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the measuring device is disposed in the immediate proximity of the traction sheave and the elevator ropes to the side of the traction sheave and essentially at the point of the plane of rotation of the traction sheave and also outside the elevator ropes.

10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the measuring device is disposed in the immediate proximity of the traction sheave and the elevator ropes essentially below the traction sheave and essentially at the point of the plane of rotation of the traction sheave and also between the elevator ropes ascending to the traction sheave and the elevator ropes descending from the traction sheave.

11. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the measuring device comprises at least a magnet collecting the metal dust and/or rust detaching in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein on the surface of the magnet of the measuring device are elongated conductors of the alarm circuit between the measuring device and the control and operating system of the elevator, the conductors being insulated from each other and at a distance from each other and also at essentially a right angle to the magnetic flux of the measuring device.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the conductors are detachable and replaceable and they are insulated from the surface of the magnet of the measuring device with insulation.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the distance between the conductors in the direction of the force lines of the magnetic flux of the measuring device is selected in such a way that when the concentration of the amount of lubricant of the elevator ropes decreases to a level pre-defined as too low, the metal dust and/or rust that has detached in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator has adhered to the surface of the magnet of the measuring device to form an electrically-conductive bridge in essentially the direction of the force lines between the conductors for closing the alarm circuit.

15. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the apparatus comprises an optical measuring device for optically measuring the pattern formed by, and/or the amount of, the metal dust and/or rust collected in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator on the surface of the permanent magnet that is in the measuring device.

16. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the apparatus comprises a measuring mechanism configured to measure a magnetic field of the measuring device for measuring a change in the value of the magnetic field of the measuring device caused by the metal dust and/or rust that has collected in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator and that has adhered to the permanent magnet that is in the measuring device.

17. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the magnet is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

18. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the conductors are detachable and replaceable and they are insulated from the surface of the magnet of the measuring device with two-sided tape.

19. The method according to claim 2, further comprising the step of collecting the metal dust and/or rust detaching in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator on the surface of a permanent magnet that is in the measuring device to electrically close an open alarm circuit connected to the control and operating system of the elevator.

20. The method according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of: collecting the metal dust and/or rust detaching in connection with wear of the traction sheave and of the elevator ropes during operation of the elevator on the surface of the permanent magnet that is in the measuring device measuring the pattern formed by, and/or the amount of, the metal dust and/or rust optically; and effecting an alarm in the control and operating system of the elevator on the basis of a change in the pattern and/or amount.

Description

(1) In the following, the invention will be described in more detail by the aid of some examples of its embodiment with reference to the attached drawings, wherein

(2) FIG. 1 presents a simplified side view of one solution according to the invention for monitoring the lubricant content of elevator ropes,

(3) FIG. 2 presents a simplified side view of one other solution according to the invention for monitoring the lubricant content of elevator ropes,

(4) FIG. 3 presents a simplified top view of one measuring device according to the invention for monitoring the lubricant content of elevator ropes in a situation in which there is sufficient lubricant in the elevator ropes and

(5) FIG. 4 presents a simplified top view of the measuring device according to FIG. 3 for monitoring the lubricant content of elevator ropes in a situation in which an alarm has been switched on about an insufficient quantity of the lubricant of the elevator ropes.

(6) FIG. 1 presents a simplified side view of one solution according to the invention for monitoring the lubricant content of elevator ropes 2 and for supervising possible drying. The elevator hoisting machine provided with a motor comprises at least a traction-sheave 1, around which one or more elevator ropes 2 are fitted side-by-side, which ropes move under the effect of friction along with the rotational movement of the traction sheave 1 and at the same time move the elevator car. From the effect of the same friction the elevator ropes 2 wear the rope grooves of the traction sheave 1 and at the same time themselves wear, in which case metal dust detaches from the traction sheave 1 and from the elevator ropes 2. The drier the elevator ropes 2 are, the more metal dust and also rust that has been produced detaches.

(7) The solution according to the invention is based on the conclusion that the metal dust detached from the dry elevator ropes 2 and traction sheave 1 is a magnetic material and conducts electricity, in which case by the aid of a suitable measuring device it can be deduced from the quantity of metal dust when the elevator ropes 2 are so dry that they must be lubricated. For this purpose a measuring device 3 is disposed in the immediate proximity of the traction sheave 1 and the elevator ropes 2, which measuring device is arranged to measure the amount of metal dust detaching from the traction sheave 1 and from the elevator ropes 2 in connection with wear. The measuring device 3 is connected to the control & operating system 5 of the elevator, e.g. by the aid of the conductors 4a, 4b, which together with the measuring device 3 and the control & operating system 5 of the elevator form an alarm circuit 4. The measuring device 3 is preferably a permanent magnet, to which the metal dust detaching from the traction sheave 1 and from the elevator ropes 2 in connection with wear attaches by the aid of magnetic forces. When a sufficient amount of metal dust has collected on the surface of the measuring device 3, the measuring device 3 gives alarm data to the control & operating system 5 of the elevator, in which system the alarm data is processed e.g. by stopping the elevator and/or by sending the data onwards to an alarm center for the elevator.

(8) In the solution according to FIG. 1 the measuring device 3 is in the immediate proximity of the traction sheave 1 and the elevator ropes 2 essentially at the side of the traction sheave 1 and at the point of the plane of rotation of the traction sheave 1 and also outside the elevator ropes 2. Correspondingly, in the second solution of FIG. 2 according to the invention, the measuring device 3 is in the immediate proximity of the traction sheave 1 and the elevator ropes 2 essentially below the traction sheave 1 and at the point of the plane of rotation of the traction sheave 1 and also between the elevator ropes 2 ascending to the traction sheave 1 and the elevator ropes 2 descending from the traction sheave 1.

(9) FIGS. 3 and 4 present e.g. a simplified top view of one measuring device 3, functioning as a sensing means, according to the invention for monitoring and supervising the lubricant content of elevator ropes 2 and for issuing an alarm about insufficient lubricant content. In the situation according to FIG. 3, the elevator ropes 2 have sufficient lubricant, e.g. the elevator ropes 2 have just been installed or they have been re-lubricated and the measuring device 3 has been placed in its original state to measure future use. Correspondingly, in the situation according to FIG. 4, the elevator ropes 2 have dried to the extent that so much metal dust detached in connection with wear of the traction sheave 1 and of the elevator ropes 2 has adhered to the measuring device 3 that an alarm about the quantity of the lubricant of the elevator ropes 2 being too low has been switched on and sent to the control & operating system 5 of the elevator.

(10) The measuring device 3 is e.g. a permanent magnet, onto one surface of which insulation 6 is fixed, on top of which insulation elongated conductor means 7a, 7b, e.g. metal strips, that conduct electricity are fixed at a distance from each other. The conductor means 7a, 7b are connected to the control & operating system 5 of the elevator, into an alarm circuit 4, by the aid of the conductors 4a, 4b. The alarm current circuit, i.e. the alarm circuit 4, travels from the first conductor means 7a along the first-conductor 4a to the control & operating system 5 of the elevator and returns from there along the second conductor 4b to the second conductor means 7b. In a normal situation, when the elevator ropes 2 have sufficient lubricant, the alarm circuit is cut between the first conductor means 7a and the second conductor means 7b.

(11) The conductor means 7a, 7b are disposed transversely against the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet of the measuring device 3, in which case the magnetic flux flows from the N-pole of the magnet via the conductor means 7a and 7b to the S-pole of the magnet. The magnetic flux is presented in FIGS. 3 and 4 with magnetic force lines 8.

(12) In FIG. 3 there is no metal dust, detached in connection with wear, between the conductor means 7a and 7b yet, so the alarm circuit is cut between the conductor means 7a and 7b. On the other hand, in the situation according to FIG. 4 metal dust that has detached in connection with wear has adhered to the surface of the permanent magnet of the measuring device 3 and settled on the surface in the direction of the force lines 8 of the magnetic flux. In one point there is so much metal dust that it extends from the first conductor means 7a to the second conductor means 7b, forming an electrically-conductive bridge 9 between the conductor means 7a and 7b. In this case the alarm circuit closes and the measuring device 3 gives an alarm to the control & operating system 5 of the elevator about the amount of lubricant of the elevator ropes 2 being insufficient.

(13) With the method according to the invention the lubricant content of elevator ropes 2 is monitored and supervised e.g. as follows. At the start of supervision, the measuring device 3 is connected to the control & operating system 5 of the elevator or to a corresponding unit, and it is ensured that there is no metal dust at least between the conductor means 7a and 7b. The metal dust detaching in connection with wear of the traction sheave 1 and of the elevator ropes 2 during operation of the elevator is collected in the measuring device 3, e.g. on the surface of it, until there is so much metal dust that the metal dust connects the conductor means 7a, 7b or corresponding means to each other, in which case an alarm is switched on and sent to the control & operating system 5 of the elevator.

(14) The insulation 6 can be e.g. one-sided or two-sided tape, which is easily detachable-when cleaning the measuring device 3 after an alarm or otherwise as needed. For example, when two-sided tape is the insulation 6, the whole insulation 6 can be replaced in connection with cleaning. In addition, the metal strips or flexible strips containing conductor metal that are the conductor means 7a, 7b can easily be replaced for new ones if necessary.

(15) Calibration and adjustment of the measuring device 3 can be performed e.g. by varying the distance between the conductor means 7a and 7b, by changing the disposal location of the measuring device 3 or also with a software program in such a way that sufficiently accurate information about when the amount of lubricant of the elevator ropes 2 is so low that they must be re-lubricated is obtained as a result.

(16) It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited solely to the examples described above, but that it may be varied within the scope of the claims presented below. Thus, for example, the metal dust collected can be used otherwise than just for switching on a circuit. For giving an alarm, e.g. the magnetic field of the measuring device can be measured, the value of which magnetic field changes when enough metal dust has collected on the surface of the measuring device.

(17) It is further obvious to the person skilled in the art that for giving an alarm, e.g. the pattern from the detached metal dust and/or the amount of metal dust that has collected on the surface of the measuring device can be measured optically, in which case an alarm can be effected according to a change in the pattern and/or the amount.

(18) It is further obvious to the person skilled in the art that the measuring device can also be disposed in another way with respect to the traction sheave and to the elevator ropes than what is presented above. Additionally, there can be two or more measuring devices instead of one.

(19) It is also obvious to the person skilled in the art that the measuring device can comprise an electromagnet instead of a permanent magnet.

(20) It is also obvious to the person skilled in the art that the cleaning phase of the measuring device can also be performed in such a way that the magnetism of the measuring device is removed during the cleaning and is returned again after the cleaning. This facilitates carrying out cleaning.