Elevator

Abstract

An elevator includes a first elevator unit vertically movable in a hoistway; a second elevator unit vertically movable in a hoistway; a suspension roping including one or more belt-shaped suspension ropes interconnecting the first elevator unit and the second elevator unit; a drive wheel for moving said one or more belt-shaped suspension ropes; a plurality of cambered diverting wheels; said one or more belt-shaped suspension ropes each passing around the drive wheel and comprising consecutively a first rope section extending between the drive wheel and the first elevator unit; and a second rope section extending between the drive wheel and the second elevator unit wherein both rope sections diverge from the drive wheel towards the same lateral side thereof, the first rope section passing over a first cambered diverting wheel, in particular resting against a cambered circumferential surface area thereof, and therefrom down to the first elevator unit, and the second rope section passing over a second cambered diverting wheel, in particular resting against cambered circumferential surface area thereof, and therefrom down to the second elevator unit.

Claims

1. An elevator comprising: a first elevator unit vertically movable in a hoistway; a second elevator unit vertically movable in the hoistway; a suspension roping comprising one or more belt-shaped suspension ropes interconnecting the first elevator unit and the second elevator unit; a drive wheel for moving said one or more belt-shaped suspension ropes, wherein the drive wheel has a first side and second side opposite to the first side; and a plurality of cambered diverting wheels, wherein each of the cambered diverting wheels are cambered in a direction perpendicular to a radial direction of the respective cambered diverting wheel; said one or more belt-shaped suspension ropes each passing around the drive wheel and comprising consecutively: a first rope section extending between the drive wheel and the first elevator unit; and a second rope section extending between the drive wheel and the second elevator unit, wherein both rope sections diverge from the drive wheel towards the first side of the drive wheel, the first rope section passing over a first cambered diverting wheel, and resting against a cambered circumferential surface area thereof, and therefrom down to the first elevator unit, and the second rope section passing over a second cambered diverting wheel, and resting against a cambered circumferential surface area thereof, and therefrom down to the second elevator unit, wherein the drive wheel and the plurality of cambered diverting wheels are located above the first and second elevator units, wherein the first elevator unit and the second elevator unit are spaced apart in a width direction, wherein the first rope section and the second rope section are continuously separated in said width direction from a point at which they diverge from the drive wheel towards the first and second elevator units, respectively, and wherein the first rope section diverges from the drive wheel obliquely downwards with respect to the hoistway to the first cambered diverting wheel, and the second rope section diverges from the drive wheel obliquely downwards with respect to the hoistway to the second cambered diverting wheel.

2. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein the drive wheel comprises a drive wheel circumferential surface area that is cambered, for each of said one or more ropes against which the ropes are arranged to rest.

3. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein one of the elevator units comprises an elevator car and the second comprises a counterweight or a second elevator car.

4. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein each of said one or more ropes comprises one or more continuous load bearing members extending in longitudinal direction of the rope throughout the length of the rope, which load bearing member(s) is/are made of composite material comprising reinforcing fibers embedded in polymer matrix.

5. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein each of said one or more ropes comprises one or more continuous load bearing members extending in longitudinal direction of the rope throughout the length of the rope, which load bearing member(s) is/are embedded in elastic coating forming the surface of the rope.

6. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein each cambered circumferential surface area as well as the surface of the rope resting against it are smooth.

7. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein each rope passes around the diverting wheels and around the drive wheel, with a wide side of each rope located on the diverting wheels and the drive wheel.

8. The elevator according to claim 1, further comprising a machine room housing the drive wheel and the plurality of cambered diverting wheels, wherein the machine room is located above the hoistway.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In the following, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of example and with reference to the attached drawings, in which

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an elevator according to prior art as viewed from the side.

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates schematically an elevator according to a first embodiment of the invention as viewed from the side.

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates schematically an elevator according to a second embodiment of the invention as viewed from the side.

(5) FIG. 4 illustrates schematically an elevator according to a third embodiment of the invention as viewed from the side.

(6) FIG. 5 illustrates schematically a cross section of the wheels of FIG. 2, 3 or 4.

(7) FIG. 6 illustrates the cross section of a preferred structure for an individual rope.

(8) FIG. 7 illustrates inside the circle a partial and enlarged cross-section of the load bearing member of FIG. 6.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(9) FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an elevator according to prior art and has been described above in the application. In FIG. 1, reference numbers 1, 2, 5,6 R, L refer the first elevator unit, the second elevator unit, drive wheel, diverting wheel, roping and rope-to-rope distance, respectfully.

(10) FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 each illustrate an elevator according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The elevator comprises a hoistway H and a first elevator unit 1 vertically movable in the hoistway H and a second elevator unit 2 vertically movable in the hoistway H. The elevator further comprises a suspension roping R comprising one or more belt-shaped suspension ropes 3a,3b,3c each interconnecting the first elevator unit 1 and the second elevator unit 2 and passing around wheels 4,5,6 comprising a drive wheel 5 for moving said one or more belt-shaped suspension ropes 3a,3b,3c. The two elevator units 1,2 form a balancing weight for each other by affecting each other via said one or more ropes whereby they are economical to move. At least one of these elevator units is an elevator car, wherein the elevator can transport passengers and/or goods. The other of these elevator units is preferably a counterweight, as in conventional elevators, but could alternatively be a second elevator car whereby two cars would form a balancing weight for each other. For providing force for moving the one or more suspension ropes 3a,3b,3c and thereby also for the elevator units 1,2, the elevator comprises a power source, in particular a motor M, arranged to rotate the drive wheel 5 engaging the one or more suspension ropes 3a,3b,3c. The elevator further comprises an automatic elevator control 10 arranged to control the motor M, whereby movement of the elevator units is automatically controllable.

(11) In addition to said drive wheel 5, said wheels 4,5,6 further comprise a plurality of cambered diverting wheels 4, 6. Passage of the ropes around said wheels 4,5,6 is illustrated in FIG. 5 showing a cross sectional view of the ropes as they are positioned against each wheel. The drive wheel 5 is in this embodiment also cambered in the same way as the diverting wheels 4,6. The cambered diverting wheels 4,6 comprise a cambered circumferential surface area A,B,C for each of said one or more ropes 3a,3b,3c against which circumferential surface area A,B,C the rope in question is arranged to rest. In this way the axial position, i.e. the position of the belt-shaped ropes in axial direction X of the wheel 4,5,6 around which is passes, is controlled. In these embodiments, each cambered circumferential surface area A,B,C has a convex shape against the peak of which the rope rests. The cambered shape tends to keep the rope passing around it positioned resting against the peak thereof, thereby resisting displacement of the rope 3a,3b,3c away from this position in said axial direction X.

(12) Said one or more belt-shaped suspension ropes 3a,3b,3c each comprise consecutive rope sections, namely a first rope section a extending between the drive wheel 5 and the first elevator unit 1, and a second rope section b extending between the drive wheel 5 and the second elevator unit 2. Both rope sections a, b diverge from the drive wheel 5 towards the same lateral side thereof (towards right in FIGS. 2 to 4), the first rope section a passing over a first cambered diverting wheel 4, in particular resting against a cambered circumferential surface area A,B,C thereof, and therefrom straight down to the first elevator unit 1, and the second rope section b passing over a second cambered diverting wheel 6, in particular resting against cambered circumferential surface area A,B,C thereof, and therefrom straight down to the second elevator unit 2.

(13) The rope extending between the first elevator unit 1 and the second elevator unit passes around the first cambered diverting wheel 4, a drive wheel 5, and a second cambered diverting wheel 6, in this order, whereby with any of the two running directions each of said ropes is before arriving to the drive wheel 5 controlled in terms of its position in axial direction. The drive wheel 5 and the diverting wheels 4,6 being positioned such relative to each other that the rope sections a,b of a rope diverge from the drive wheel 5 towards the same lateral side thereof, the contact length between rope and the diverter wheel is with any rope-to-rope distance L adequately long to enable the cambered shape of the one of the diverting wheels 4,6, wherefrom the rope arrives to the drive wheel 5, to act effectively on the rope 3a,3b,3c.

(14) In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the first rope section a diverges from the drive wheel 5 obliquely downwards to the first diverting wheel 4, and the second rope section b diverges from the drive wheel 5 obliquely downwards to the second diverting wheel 6. Thus, a contact length between the ropes and the drive wheel 5 can be kept adequate for most elevators. This facilitates also the overall slimness of the configuration of wheels 4,5,6.

(15) In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, both the first diverting wheel 4 and the second diverting wheel 6 are completely at lateral side of the drive wheel 5. In this embodiment, the first rope section a diverges from the drive wheel 5 obliquely upwards to the first diverting wheel 4, and the second rope section b diverges from the drive wheel 5 obliquely downwards to the second diverting wheel 6. Thus, the contact length between the ropes and the diverting wheel 4 is strongly increased thereby increasing the effect of the cambered shape of the diverting wheel 4 on the rope. In particular, the diverting wheel 4 diverts the angle of the ropes, i.e. the angle of the first rope section 1, substantially more than 90 degrees. Thus, the contact length between the ropes and the diverting wheel in question is strongly increased thereby increasing the effect of the cambered shape of the diverting wheel on the rope. With this configuration, also a contact length between the ropes and the drive wheel 5 is increased. In particular, the drive wheel 5 diverts the angle of the ropes substantially more than 180 degrees. A this long contact length ensures good traction between the ropes and the drive wheel 5. This kind of configuration also facilitates making the overall structure for the configuration of wheels 4,5,6 low. FIG. 3 shows an elevator with small distance L. Particularly, the distance L (rope-to-rope distance) between the first rope section a passing down from the first cambered diverting wheel 4 to the first elevator unit 1 and the second rope section b passing down from the second cambered diverting wheel 6 to the second elevator unit 2 is small, in particular 1.5 times the diameter of the drive wheel 5 or even less. Distances this short have caused problems when using cambered wheels for position control of ropes. A distance this short can also be achieved with the solution of FIG. 2 although not illustrated.

(16) In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, both the first diverting wheel 4 and the second cambered diverting wheel 6 are completely at lateral side of the drive wheel 5. In this embodiment, the first rope section a diverges from the drive wheel 5 obliquely upwards to the first diverting wheel 4, and the second rope section b diverges from the drive wheel 5 obliquely upwards to the second diverting wheel 6. Thus, the contact length between the ropes and the diverting wheels 4,6 is strongly increased thereby increasing the effect of the cambered shape of the diverting wheels 4,6 on the ropes 3a,3b,3c. In this case, each cambered diverting wheel 4,6 diverts the angle of the ropes, i.e. the angle of the first and second rope section respectively, substantially more than 90 degrees. Thus, the contact length between the ropes and the diverting wheel in question is strongly increased thereby increasing the effect of the cambered shape of the diverting wheel on the rope, which is adequate to ensure proper control of rope position in axial direction of the cambered diverting wheel. With this configuration, it is ensured the ropes arrive in proper axial position to the drive wheel 5 with any running direction. This kind of configuration also facilitates making the overall structure for the configuration of wheels 4,5,6 low. FIG. 4 shows an elevator with small distance L. Particularly, the distance L (rope-to-rope distance) between the first rope section a passing down from the first cambered diverting wheel 4 to the first elevator unit 1 and the second rope section b passing down from the second cambered diverting wheel 6 to the second elevator unit 2 is small, in particular 1.5 times the diameter of the drive wheel 5 or even less.

(17) In general, it is possible that said one or more belt-shaped suspension ropes 3a,3b,3c comprises only one of these ropes arranged as defined, but preferably said one or more belt-shaped suspension ropes comprises plurality of belt-shaped suspension ropes arranged as defined. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4 there are three of belt-shaped suspension ropes arranged as defined.

(18) The ropes being belt-shaped they have two oppositely facing wide sides (which face in FIGS. 2 to 4 upwards and downwards), as well as lateral flanks (which face in FIGS. 2 to 4 left and right). Each rope 3a,3b,3c passes around the diverting wheels 4,6 and the drive wheel 5 the wide side of the rope against the wheel in question. When there are several ropes, as illustrated, the ropes 3a,3b,3c pass around the diverting wheels 4,6 and the drive wheel 5 adjacent each other in axial direction X of the drive wheel 5 as well as adjacent each other in the width-direction w of the ropes, the wide sides of each rope 3a,3b,3c against the wheel in question.

(19) Preferably, the circumferential surface area A,B,C as well as the surface of the rope via which the rope rest against the circumferential surface area A,B,C in question are both smooth such that neither of said circumferential surface area A,B,C nor the rope has protrusions extending into recesses of the other. Thereby, the control of axial position of each rope is provided by the shape of the cambered circumferential surface area A,B,C against which the rope rests. Also, traction of each rope is based on frictional contact between the drive wheel 5 and the rope. Therefore, said circumferential surface area nor the rope surface need not be configured for engaging to each other via a polyvee- or toothed engagement.

(20) It is preferable that said first cambered diverting wheel 4, said drive wheel 5, and said second cambered diverting wheel 6 are mounted to rotate at a stationary location above the elevator units 1, 2, as illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4.

(21) It is preferable, that the elevator is installed in a building. The, preferably said first cambered diverting wheel 4, said drive wheel 5, and said second cambered diverting 6 wheel are mounted on stationary structure(s) of the building, such as on structures of the hoistway H or structures of a machine room MR provided close to, such as above or next to the hoistway H. In FIGS. 2 to 4, the machine room MR is above the common hoistway H, where the elevator units 1 and 2 travel. Dashed line I represents the floor line of the machine room MR. It is of course obvious, that the elevator could alternatively be implemented without a machine room and/or such that the elevator units travel in different hoistways.

(22) It is preferable, that each of said one or more ropes 3a,3b,3c comprises one or more continuous load bearing members 20, which load bearing members 20 extending in longitudinal direction of the rope 3a,3b,3c throughout the length of the rope 3a,3b,3c, which load bearing member(s) 20 is/are made of composite material comprising reinforcing fibers f embedded in polymer matrix m. Said fibers f are preferably carbon fibers. Preferably, the one or more continuous load bearing members 20 is/are embedded in elastic coating forming the surface of the rope. Thus, the rope is provided with a surface via which the rope can effectively engage frictionally with the cambered wheels and the drive wheel in terms of axial position control as well as traction. Further preferred details of the rope 3a,3b,3c will be later described in context of description of FIG. 6.

(23) FIG. 6 illustrates the cross section of a preferred structure for an individual rope 3a,3b,3c. The rope 3a,3b,3c is in the form of a belt, and thereby has a width w substantially larger than the thickness t thereof. This makes it well suitable for elevator use as bending of the rope is necessary in most elevators. The rope 3a,3b,3c comprises continuous load bearing members 20 extending in longitudinal direction of the rope 3a,3b,3c throughout the length of the rope 3a,3b,3c. The number of load bearing members 20 comprised in the rope 3a,3b,3c can alternatively be also greater or smaller than the two shown in FIG. 6. Each of the load bearing member(s) 20 is parallel with the longitudinal direction of the rope 3a,3b,3c whereby excellent longitudinal stiffness for the rope 3a,3b,3c is provided. The fibers f preferably are continuous fibers, in particular fibers continuous throughout the length of the rope 3a,3b,3c. So as to provide the rope 3a,3b,3c with a turning radius well suitable for elevator use, it is preferable that the width/thickness ratio of the rope is substantial, in particular more than 2, preferably more than 4 as illustrated. Thus, reasonable bending radius can be achieved for the rope 3a,3b,3c when it contains substantially material of high bending rigidity, such as fiber reinforced composite material.

(24) The load bearing members 20 are preferably embedded in an elastic coating 21 forming the surface of the rope 3a,3b,3c, as illustrated. The coating 21 is preferably made of elastomer. In general, the elastic coating 21 provides the rope 3a,3b,3c good wear resistance, protection, and isolates the load bearing members 20 from each other. The elastic coating 20 also provides the rope high friction, for instance for frictional traction contact with a rotatable drive wheel 5 as illustrated in FIG. 2, 3 or 4. The elastomer is preferably polyurethane, which provides best results in terms of traction and durability in elevator use.

(25) Preferably, each of said load bearing members 20 is made of composite material comprising reinforcing fibers f embedded in polymer matrix m. FIG. 7 illustrates inside the circle a partial and enlarged cross-section of the load bearing member 20 of the rope 3a,3b,3c. The material provides the rope 3a,3b,3c excellent longitudinal stiffness and low weight, which are among preferred properties for an elevator. The reinforcing fibers f are most preferably carbon fibers, which are most advantageous in terms of longitudinal stiffness as well as weight.

(26) To reduce buckling of fibers and to facilitate a small bending radius of the rope, among other things, it is therefore preferred that the polymer matrix is hard, and in particular non-elastomeric. The most preferred materials are epoxy resin, polyester, phenolic plastic or vinyl ester. The matrix of the load bearing member 20 is preferably such that the module of elasticity E of the polymer matrix is over 2 GPa, most preferably over 2.5 GPa, yet more preferably in the range 2.5-10 GPa, most preferably of all in the range 2.5-3.5 GPa. The structure is advantageous as hereby the service life of the rope can be extended.

(27) The composite material is preferably such that the individual reinforcing fibers are parallel with the length direction of the rope. Thus, they provide excellent longitudinal stiffness for the rope. The individual reinforcing fibers are preferably distributed in the matrix substantially evenly, such that substantially all the individual reinforcing fibers of the load bearing member are bound to each other by the matrix. The rope 3a,3b,3c is preferably in accordance with any one of the composite ropes disclosed in international patent application WO2009090299A1.

(28) It is preferable, that the rope sections a,b diverge radially from the drive wheel as illustrated, preferably each rope section a,b extending all the way to its elevator unit 1,2 such that they are on the same plane. Particularly, it is preferable that the whole length of each of said ropes passes along one and same vertical plane. Each rope may be connected to the elevator units by its ends (as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4; i.e. with 1:1 suspension ratio) or via diverting wheels mounted on the elevator unit (not shown; e.g. with 2:1 suspension ratio).

(29) In the above, different directions in which the rope sections diverge from the drive wheel have been discussed. As an alternative, it is apparent that one or both of first and second rope sections could diverge horizontally instead of what is shown. It is also apparent that the ropes may diverge in any combination of the directions illustrated or mentioned herein.

(30) It is to be understood that the above description and the accompanying Figures are only intended to illustrate the present invention. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. For example, the belt-shaped rope can have an internal structure or surface different from what has been presented as preferred. The invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.