Absolute acceleration sensor for use within moving vehicles

Abstract

A method of and system for detecting absolute acceleration along various axes relative to a desired movement vector while moving relative to a gravity source includes steps of determining a vertical acceleration, perpendicular to the desired movement vector and substantially anti-parallel to a gravitational acceleration due to the gravity source; determining a longitudinal acceleration, parallel to the desired movement vector and to output at vertical acceleration signal and a longitudinal acceleration signal; determining an inclination of the desired movement vector relative to the gravitational acceleration; and processing the vertical acceleration signal, the longitudinal acceleration signal, and the inclination signal to produce an absolute vertical acceleration signal and an absolute longitudinal acceleration signal.

Claims

1. A method of determining and using data describing absolute acceleration along various axes relative to a desired movement vector while moving relative to a gravity source employed within a vehicle, comprising: a. detecting deceleration of the vehicle; b. detecting an inclination of the vehicle relative to a gravitational acceleration within a same plane; and c. determining an absolute deceleration from the detected deceleration of the vehicle and the detected inclination of the vehicle.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the deceleration is detected by a deceleration detector.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the deceleration detector comprises an accelerometer.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the inclination is detected by a gyroscope.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising re-referencing the gyroscope.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising utilizing the absolute deceleration in inertial navigation within a GPS based navigation system.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the absolute deceleration comprises determining an absolute lateral deceleration.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the deceleration is detected by a deceleration detector.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the deceleration detector comprises an accelerometer.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the inclination is detected by a gyroscope.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising re-referencing the gyroscope.

12. The method of claim 7, further comprising utilizing the absolute deceleration in inertial navigation within a GPS based navigation system.

13. The method of claim 7, further comprising: a. determining a heading of the vehicle; b. computing changes in the heading from a desired movement vector in a plane orthogonal to gravitational acceleration and to output a heading signal or rate of change of the heading signal; c. producing a speed signal by summing the absolute longitudinal acceleration over time to determine a speed; and d. processing the speed signal and the heading signal to produce a velocity output signal indicating speed, heading and position of the vehicle.

14. A method of determining and using data describing absolute acceleration along various axes relative to a desired movement vector while moving relative to a gravity source employed within a vehicle, comprising: a. adding a control module to the vehicle, the control module comprising: i. a deceleration detector, wherein the deceleration detector detects any deceleration of the vehicle; ii. a gyroscope, wherein the gyroscope detects an inclination of the vehicle relative to a gravitational acceleration within a same plane; iii. a logic circuit configured to determine an absolute deceleration from the deceleration of the vehicle and the inclination of the vehicle; and iv. a control device coupled to the deceleration detector and the gyroscope, wherein the control device provides the absolute deceleration of the vehicle to a control system of the vehicle.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the control system comprises a GPS based navigation system and further wherein the absolute deceleration is used in inertial navigation.

16. The method of claim 14, further comprising re-referencing the gyroscope.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the absolute deceleration comprises an absolute lateral deceleration.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the deceleration detector comprises an accelerometer.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the control system comprises a GPS based navigation system and further wherein the absolute deceleration is used in inertial navigation.

20. The method of claim 17, further comprising re-referencing the gyroscope.

21. The method of claim 17, further comprising: a. determining a heading of the vehicle; b. computing changes in the heading from a desired movement vector in a plane orthogonal to gravitational acceleration and to output a heading signal or rate of change of the heading signal; c. producing a speed signal by summing the absolute longitudinal acceleration over time to determine a speed; and d. processing the speed signal and the heading signal to produce a velocity output signal indicating speed, heading and position of the vehicle.

22. A control unit for a vehicle, comprising: a. a deceleration detector, wherein the deceleration detector detects any deceleration of the vehicle; b. a gyroscope, wherein the gyroscope detects an inclination of the vehicle relative to a gravitational acceleration within a same plane; c. a logic circuit configured to determine an absolute deceleration from the deceleration of the vehicle and the inclination of the vehicle; and d. a control device coupled to the deceleration detector and the gyroscope, wherein the control device provides the absolute deceleration of the vehicle to a control system of the vehicle.

23. The control unit of claim 22, wherein the control system comprises a GPS based navigation system and further wherein the absolute deceleration is used in inertial navigation.

24. The control unit of claim 22, wherein the gyroscope is periodically re-referenced.

25. The control unit of claim 22, wherein the deceleration detector comprises an accelerometer.

26. The control unit of claim 22, wherein the absolute deceleration comprises an absolute lateral deceleration.

27. The control unit of claim 26, wherein the control system comprises a GPS based navigation system and further wherein the absolute deceleration is used in inertial navigation.

28. The control unit of claim 26, wherein a heading of the vehicle is determined, changes in the heading are computed from a desired movement vector in a plane orthogonal to gravitational acceleration and to output a heading signal or rate of change of the heading signal, a speed signal is produced by summing the absolute longitudinal acceleration over time to determine a speed and the speed signal and the heading signal are produced to produce a velocity output signal indicating speed, heading and position of the vehicle.

29. The control unit of claim 26, wherein the gyroscope is periodically re-referenced.

30. A method of determining and using data describing absolute acceleration along various axes relative to a desired movement vector while moving relative to a gravity source employed within a vehicle, comprising: a. detecting deceleration of the vehicle; b. detecting an inclination of the vehicle relative to a gravitational acceleration within a same plane, the inclination detected with a gyroscope; c. determining an absolute deceleration from the detected deceleration of the vehicle and the detected inclination of the vehicle; and d. periodically re-referencing the gyroscope.

31. A method of determining and using data describing absolute acceleration along various axes relative to a desired movement vector while moving relative to a gravity source employed within a vehicle, comprising: a. detecting deceleration of the vehicle; b. detecting rotation about a Z axis utilizing a gyroscope; c. calculating theoretical acceleration of the vehicle utilizing the rotation about the Z axis; and d. determining an absolute deceleration from the detected deceleration of the vehicle and the calculated theoretical acceleration of the vehicle.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein determining the absolute deceleration comprises determining an absolute lateral deceleration.

33. The method of claim 32, further comprising: a. determining a heading of the vehicle; b. computing changes in the heading from a desired movement vector in a plane orthogonal to gravitational acceleration and to output a heading signal or rate of change of the heading signal; c. producing a speed signal by summing the absolute longitudinal acceleration over time to determine a speed; and d. processing the speed signal and the heading signal to produce a velocity output signal indicating speed, heading and position of the vehicle.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1A illustrates a single axis accelerometer positioned for measuring lateral acceleration, and included in an accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 1B illustrates a dual axis accelerometer positioned for measuring vertical and longitudinal acceleration, and included in an accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

(3) FIG. 2A illustrates a gyroscope positioned for measuring a heading, and included in an accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

(4) FIG. 2B illustrates a gyroscope positioned for measuring a lateral inclination, and included in an accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

(5) FIG. 2C illustrates a longitudinal inclination, and included in an accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

(6) FIG. 3A is a schematic view illustrating the components of the rear-end collision avoidance system, warning drivers of a subject vehicle's deceleration, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

(7) FIG. 3B illustrates a state machine diagram of the control device in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(8) FIG. 3C illustrates a state machine diagram of the control device in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

(9) FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic view of an anti-rollover system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

(10) FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic view of an engine performance monitoring system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

(11) FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic view of a suspension and road condition monitoring system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

(12) FIG. 7 illustrates a navigation system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(13) The present invention includes systems and methods for detecting absolute rates of acceleration of bodies moving relative to a gravitational acceleration. The preferred embodiment uses signals from both an accelerometer, which sometimes detects gravitational acceleration in addition to actual vehicle acceleration, and a gyroscope, which can sense deviations from the plane perpendicular to earth's gravity. By modifying the signals from the accelerometer based on those from the gyroscope, the preferred embodiment monitors the absolute acceleration or deceleration of a vehicle relative to the road, or some other body relative to any object that is fixed relative to some gravity source that affects the body.

(14) As shown in FIGS. 1B and 2C, the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a dual axis accelerometer and an electronic gyroscope positioned upon a moving body (not shown) having a pitch axis and a yaw axis that form a pitch-yaw plane as illustrated, which attempts to move along a movement vector orthogonal to the pitch-yaw plane. A first axis, termed the longitudinal axis, of the dual axis accelerometer is placed orthogonal to the plane of the pitch and yaw axes to sense acceleration along the movement vector. A second axis, termed the vertical axis, of the accelerometer is placed parallel with the yaw axis (and thus perpendicular to the movement vector) to sense acceleration along the yaw axis. Thus the two axes of the accelerometer form a longitudinal-vertical plane orthogonal to the pitch-yaw plane.

(15) The gyroscope in FIG. 2C is mounted parallel to the longitudinal-vertical plane of the accelerometer and thus is also along a plane perpendicular to the pitch-yaw plane of the moving body. This configuration allows it to sense an inclination of the movement vector of the moving body relative to the gravitational acceleration acting on the body.

(16) In some embodiments of the present invention, additional gyroscopes and accelerometers are mounted on the moving body at other orientations. Output from these additional sensors is useful for anti-roll suspension adjustment, among other things. The orientations shown in FIGS. 1A and 2B allow for detection of lateral acceleration and inclination. In FIG. 1A, a single axis accelerometer configured with a first axis, termed the lateral axis, parallel to the pitch axis senses lateral acceleration of the body, e.g. acceleration in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal-vertical plane.

(17) When the body does undergo a lateral acceleration, its actual movement is no longer along the desired movement vector. Thus, during lateral acceleration, another gyroscope must be included to sense the inclination of the component of the actual movement vector that lies along the lateral axis. FIG. 2B depicts a gyroscope configured parallel to the pitch-yaw plane and thus configured to detect an inclination of the component of movement that lies along the lateral axis, termed the lateral inclination of the body.

(18) In some embodiments, the system also includes another gyroscope that is configured parallel to the lateral-longitudinal plane (in which all desirable movement vectors will lie), to detect a heading of the body. This additional gyroscope is required for those embodiments that supply supplemental data to navigation systems.

(19) Preferably, the embodiments of the present invention include logic circuits configured to receive signals of acceleration along the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical axes, as well as of the lateral and longitudinal inclinations and the heading, and to process these signals to produce a variety of output signals indicating characteristics of the moving body's movement. These preferably include: absolute longitudinal acceleration (both positive and negative), absolute vertical acceleration (both positive and negative), absolute lateral acceleration (both positive and negative), heading, and actual speed.

(20) Though accelerometers are inherently stable, and especially so when internally temperature compensated, gyroscopes, both mechanical and electronic, can suffer from instability and drift. Because of these drift characteristics, gyroscopes typically require periodic auto-zeroing or re-referencing to provide reliable output.

(21) In some embodiments of the present invention, a method of detecting an absolute deceleration includes steps of re-referencing. This task is preferably accomplished using signals from the accelerometers, but in other embodiments use a Hall effect, electronic or other type of compass.

(22) Re-referencing preferably takes place periodically; for systems using Hall effect or some other independent compass, the systems simply re-reference at specified heading or timing intervals. However, systems that use accelerometer data for re-referencing are preferably more careful. When stationary, any signal from the accelerometer is essentially representative of the earth's gravity, this signal can provide an initial reference for any gyroscopes included in the present invention, which preferably takes place prior to movement of the body.

(23) Once the body has begun moving, without periodic re-referencing, the gyroscope output can become unreliable. The present invention teaches several methods of re-referencing during travel. Some of these are only applicable to travel that includes periodic stops. For example, the vertical or lateral axis accelerometers can be used to detect whether the body is stopped. When it is stopped, the signal from the longitudinal axis of the accelerometer can be used to re-reference the gyroscope. Further, at any point during travel when no acceleration has been detected for a predetermined period of time the gyroscope can be re-referenced. In this way repeated referencing can occur even during extended travel without any stops.

(24) The present invention is preferably implemented in a vehicle, and the following embodiments of the present invention are described relative to a vehicle. However, the methods and systems taught by the present invention can be implemented in a wide variety of moving bodies other than vehicles. Further, for convenience, the devices described above with reference to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, and 2C are termed an accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor when referenced elsewhere.

EXAMPLE 1

Rear End Collision Avoidance

(25) FIG. 3A is a schematic view illustrating the components of the rear-end collision avoidance system 300, warning drivers of a subject vehicle's deceleration, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The rear-end collision avoidance system 300 comprises an accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor 310, a braking system engagement detector 320, a throttle engagement detector 330, and a control device 340. The accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor 310 is coupled to the control device 340, detects an absolute longitudinal deceleration of the vehicle, and sends a signal to the control device 340. The braking system engagement detector 320 is also coupled to the control device 340, detects any engagement of the braking system of the vehicle, and sends a signal to the control device 340. The throttle engagement detector 330 is also coupled to the control device 340 and detects engagement of the throttle. In alternative embodiments, the present invention also includes additional input devices, such as a clutch engagement detector configured to relay a clutch status to the control device 340. Next, the control device 340 processes the input signals it receives from the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor 310, the braking system engagement detector 320, and the throttle engagement detector 330 and decides whether to activate an alerting device of the vehicle. In some embodiment the control device 340 only activates an alerting device if the vehicle is throttled down but not braking In some embodiments, the control device 340 activates the alerting device only if the absolute longitudinal deceleration is non-zero. In one embodiment, the communication system further comprises an alerting device activation circuit 350, wherein the control device 340 is coupled to and sends signals to the alerting device activation circuit 350, which activates an alerting device based on a signal from the control device 340.

(26) The embodiments of the present invention include input devices. Those mentioned above include braking system engagement detectors, throttle engagement detectors, and the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor. In alternative embodiments, the present invention also includes additional input devices, such as a clutch engagement detector configured to relay a clutch status to the control device.

(27) The embodiments of the present invention include alerting devices. In the present invention, an alerting device preferably comprises lamps on the vehicle that are capable of flashing and emitting visible light. In one aspect, the lamps of the alerting device flash only at a constant rate, while in another aspect the lamps flash at a variable rate, and further wherein the control device is configured to flash the lamps at a rate correlated to a rate of deceleration. The lamps are preferably one of the following: conventional signaling lamps and conventional brake lamps However, in another embodiment, the alerting device is a radio frequency (RF) transmitter capable of directing RF signals from the rear of the vehicle to a following vehicle. In other embodiments, the alerting device uses other types of signals.

(28) When used in this patent, the terms conventional signaling lamps and conventional brake lamps refer to signaling or brake lamps included on motor vehicles during their original manufacture. The present invention also contemplates signaling by using after-market devices that are attached to a vehicle in addition to conventional signaling and brake lamps.

(29) A communication system can be embodied as an after-market add-on product or as an original vehicle system. These embodiments include different types of controllers. In an add-on system, a control device preferably does not interfere with the existing brake lamp system controller. The control device communicates with the brake lamps in a substantially separate manner from the existing brake lamp control system. Control devices used in the present invention could include relays, switches or micro controllers. In one aspect, an aftermarket system can continuously power the alerting device activation circuit without need of an intermediate control device.

(30) However, in an original equipment system, a communication system in accordance with the present invention preferably includes a control device that further comprises a control system for the conventional brake lamp system, whereby the communication system is an integrated control and circuitry system for all brake lamps. In this aspect, a single control system accomplishes the tasks of conventional brake signaling and the signaling described in the present invention.

(31) During operation, the communications system of the present invention uses information from the various input devices to determine a manner in which to operate an alerting device. In one aspect, the communications system continuously modulates the alerting device based on the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor's input so long as the throttle is disengaged, regardless of braking system status. In another aspect, once the braking system is engaged, the communications system activates the alerting device continuously until disengagement of the braking system, whereupon the communications system once again considers throttle and the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor's input in choosing a manner in which to operate the alerting device. In a third aspect, where a conventional braking system exists separately from a communications system as described in the present invention, the control device deactivates in response to braking system engagement and reactivates upon braking system disengagement. Preferably, the control device receives input in cycles and makes a determination for operation of the alerting device within each cycle.

(32) In one embodiment, the control device 340 takes input from the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor 310, the braking system engagement detector 320, and the throttle engagement detector 330 in cycles that are substantially continuous in time. In the preferred embodiment, for each cycle, the control device 340 enters one of four states: I) it does not activate an alerting device for the entirety of the cycle, II) it activates an alerting device for the entirety of the cycle, III) it activates an alerting device at least once for a period of time that is short relative to the duration of the cycle; or IV) it activates an alerting device multiple times during the cycle.

(33) FIG. 3B illustrates a preferred embodiment in which these four output states are handled. A state machine 301, included in a control device in accordance with the present invention, takes five possible input states, for four of them throttle status is not considered: 1) brake pedal is not depressed, absolute deceleration is not detected; 2) brake pedal is not depressed, absolute deceleration is detected; 3) brake pedal is depressed, absolute deceleration is detected; or 4) brake pedal is depressed, absolute deceleration is not detected. State 5) only occurs if the throttle is disengaged, and if the brake pedal is not depressed. Input state 1 corresponds to output state I, input state 2 corresponds to output state III, input states 3 and 5 correspond to output state II, and input state 4 corresponds to output state IV.

(34) Transitions between all input states are handled and every transition is a plausible outcome of a braking or acceleration event. For example, a driver disengaging the throttle pedal causes a transition from state 1 to state 5. In the first cycle detecting state 5, the brake lamps are illuminated. Once a required level of absolute deceleration is detected, a transition from state 5 to state 2 occurs. In the first cycle detecting state 2, the brake lamps are flashed, or another alerting device is activated, corresponding to output state III. A transition from state 1 directly to state 2 can occur when beginning ascent of a steep grade: the throttle is engaged, the brake pedal is disengaged but the vehicle begins to decelerate.

(35) If the driver engages the throttle again, or in the case of an ascent, increases the throttle, a transition from state 5 to state 1, or state 2 to state 1, occurs. If the driver subsequently depresses the brake pedal, a transition from state 2, or state 5, to state 3 occurs. While the brake pedal is depressed, state II output keeps the brake lamps illuminated. Furthermore, while the brake pedal is depressed, a transition from state 3 to state 4 may occur. In this embodiment, in state 4 the lamps are flashed at an increased rate. Whenever the brake pedal is depressed, state II or IV output occurs and accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor data is effectively ignored. When the brake pedal is released, one of input state 1, input state 2, and input state 5 are entered.

(36) A transition from input state 3 to 2 corresponds to tapping or pumping the brake pedal. Depending on the length of time a cycle comprises, a residual brake lamp flash may occur. Transitions from input states 3 or 4 to state 1 correspond respectively to accelerating from a rolling stop on a hill, or rolling forward downhill. A transition from input state 4 to 2 could arise when rolling down a hill backwards, for example at a stoplight on a hill. This points to another feature of the current systemproviding a warning for rollback.

(37) In the alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3C, a state machine 301 included in a control device in accordance with the present invention, the system only considers the first three states. The state machine 301 takes four possible input states: 1) brake pedal is not depressed, absolute deceleration is not detected; 2) brake pedal is not depressed, absolute deceleration is detected; 3) brake pedal is depressed, absolute deceleration is detected; or 4) brake pedal is depressed, absolute deceleration is not detected. Input state 1 corresponds to output state I, input state 2 corresponds to output state III, and input states 3 and 4 correspond to output state II.

(38) Transitions between all input states are handled and every transition is a plausible outcome of a braking or acceleration event. For example, a driver taking his or her foot off the accelerator pedal causes a transition from state 1 to state 2. In the first cycle detecting state 2, the brake lamps are flashed, or other alerting means are activated, corresponding to output state III. This transition from state 1 to state 2 also occurs when beginning ascent of a steep grade: the accelerator is depressed, the brake pedal is disengaged but the vehicle begins to decelerate. If the driver presses the accelerator again, or in the case of an ascent, further depresses the accelerator, a transition from state 2 to state 1 occurs. If the driver subsequently depresses the brake pedal, a transition from state 2 to state 3 occurs. While the brake pedal is depressed, state II output keeps the brake lamps illuminated. Furthermore, while the brake pedal is depressed, a transition from state 3 to state 4 may occur. In this embodiment, such a transition results in no change in output. Whenever the brake pedal is depressed, state II output occurs and accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor data is effectively ignored. When the brake pedal is released, either input state 1 or input state 2 is entered.

(39) Transitions between states in this embodiment are similar to those in the preferred embodiment. A transition from input state 3 to 2 corresponds to tapping or pumping the brake pedal. Depending on the length of time a cycle comprises, a residual brake lamp flash may occur. Transitions from input states 3 or 4 to state 1 correspond respectively to accelerating from a rolling stop on a hill, or rolling forward downhill. A transition from input state 4 to 2 could arise when rolling down a hill backwards, for example at a stoplight on a hill. This points to another feature of the current systemproviding a warning for rollback.

(40) Embodiments of the present invention provide the driver of a subject vehicle a communication system that provides warning signals to other vehicles of any absolute deceleration or possibility of braking of the subject vehicle. One novel and distinguishing feature of this invention is that the subject vehicle's communication system warns other vehicles of any possibility that the subject vehicle will begin to brake. This is so because any engagement of the brake pedal is usually immediately preceded by a disengagement of the throttle.

(41) Thus, this invention provides an earlier warning to the driver of the following vehicle of a subject vehicle's intent to decelerate than is currently available in modern vehicles, which only provide systems that actuate warning lamps if the driver depresses the brake pedal or if an accelerometer unit detects a threshold deceleration. Modern drivers respond quickly to rear brake warning lamps, conditioning that the present invention takes advantage of by using these warning systems to convey new and broader warnings. Since following distances on modern roadways are often inadequate, this arrangement could prevent numerous rear-end collisions.

EXAMPLE 2

Anti-Rollover Systems

(42) In one embodiment of this invention, outputs from the sensing of absolute lateral acceleration are used to adjust suspension systems by stiffening outside suspension and/or loosening inside suspension of moving vehicles. When lateral acceleration or force is applied to a vehicle, it tends to lean in the direction opposite to the force being applied, due in part to the softness of their suspension systems. This moves the center of gravity further off center and in some cases outside of their wheelbase approaching the critical rollover point. Stiffening the outside suspension and/or loosening the inside suspension keeps the center of gravity of vehicles within a tighter envelope relative to the wheelbase. This inversely affects the propensity, especially in high center of gravity loaded vehicles, to rollover when the center of gravity of their load exceeds the wheelbase and reaches the critical rollover point. Additionally, by adjusting the suspension system in this manner the distribution of load between left and right side wheels is kept more even resulting in improved traction.

(43) Typically these are configured as pulse width modulated (PWM) controlling devices. Such devices typically accept analog voltage level inputs, which are then converted to a corresponding pulse width output. Such outputs are a common method of controlling and delivering a regulated amount of current to a device such as a hydraulic solenoid. The hydraulic solenoids of course are responsible for increasing, decreasing or maintaining pressure levels within the hydraulic or pneumatic suspension system.

(44) An anti-rollover device 400 is illustrated in FIG. 4. In this embodiment vehicles are assumed to be equipped with adjustable suspension systems, typically hydraulic or pneumatic. When absolute lateral acceleration is sensed the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor 410 sends a signal representing absolute lateral acceleration to a suspension selector 420, which passes signals along to a controller responsible for controlling the relevant quadrant of the suspension. The suspension selector 420 must interpret the signal to determine the appropriate quadrant. For example, Q1, in which suspension system 432 is controlled by suspension control 431 could be the right front wheel; Q2, in which suspension system 442 is controlled by suspension control 441 could be the left front wheel; Q3, in which suspension system 452 is controlled by suspension control 451 could be the right rear wheel; and Q4, in which suspension system 462 is controlled by suspension control 461 could be the left rear wheel. Of course, other orderings are possible, as are systems with only two independent zones, e.g. two sides are controlled in lockstep.

EXAMPLE 3

Performance Monitoring Systems

(45) Due to fuel efficiency goals and competitive pressures late model vehicles have the ability to monitor engine system performance through an array of sensors and detectors. The absolute accelerometer/gyroscope combination provides the ability to communicate actual power-to-the-ground data for use in engine/vehicle performance computations. In this embodiment, the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor continuously sums absolute acceleration values to provide both absolute acceleration and actual speed values, which can be used by a manufacturers vehicle computer unit (VCU).

(46) For example, the system 500 shown in FIG. 5 includes the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor 510, which delivers actual speed data and absolute acceleration data to a vehicle computer unit (VCU) 520 (or at least the engine monitoring portion thereof). The VCU 520 uses baseline engine performance data 540 to either self-correct through a feedback mechanism, or to issue a warning through the performance warning system.

(47) The manufacturer's baseline engine performance data is helpful in determining how much acceleration should be achieved for a given amount of throttle and what the speed of the vehicle should be for a given amount of throttle. For instance, a VCU may have tuned to maximum efficiency however the vehicle's corresponding speed or acceleration may be many percentage points less than what would be expected, indicating perhaps that the tire pressure is low or that the vehicle is loaded to a higher level than what would be normal, in which case the tire pressure should be increased.

EXAMPLE 4

Road or Suspension Condition Monitoring Systems

(48) Because an accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor, which is used and is part of this invention can use one axis of a dual axis accelerometer in the vertical position vertical acceleration output signals are made available to other monitors or computers that require this information. Such a requirement may be to monitor and evaluate road quality and/or shock absorber utilization and performance. For instance, it is apparent to a rider in a vehicle when such vehicle is riding on worn out shock absorbers. However, it becomes less apparent when those shock absorbers wear out slowly over an extended period of time. The first time a driver may realize that shock absorbers have worn out is in cases where critical performance is required. Or when they replace worn out tires and see the evidence on tires of worn out shock absorbers. The absolute A/G sensor detects vertical acceleration in very small increments. Increasing levels of vertical acceleration can easily be monitored thus providing notice to drivers of the degradation of shock absorber system.

(49) For example, in the system 600 shown in FIG. 6, the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor 610 provides absolute vertical acceleration data to a VCU 620 or at least a suspension-monitoring portion thereof. The VCU 620 can use baseline suspension performance data 640 to either self-correct through a feedback mechanism or issue a warning through the suspension warning system 630.

EXAMPLE 5

Navigation Systems

(50) In most embodiments, the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor is continuously monitoring acceleration; a unit of acceleration multiplied by a unit of time yields a unit of velocity (with speed as its magnitude). Preferably, the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor continuously sums units of acceleration over small increments of time. In this case, the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor provides the integrated velocity or speed as an output. Preferably, when a horizontally mounted gyroscope is incorporated, the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor also provides direction or heading as an output.

(51) Because velocity, or speed and heading are the raw elements required for inertial navigation systems. In the system 700 shown in FIG. 7, the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor 710 provides actual speed and heading information as an output to a navigation system controller 720. The navigation system controller 720, which normally provides navigation data from a global positioning system (GPS) 730 directly to the navigation system input/output (I/O) 750, incorporates heading information from the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor 710 during periods of connection loss with the GPS satellite system. In return for providing the heading data to the inertial navigation system 740, the navigation controller receives navigation data from the inertial system to supplement or replace its GPS data.

(52) Preferably, the navigation system controller 720 also provides GPS heading data back to the accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor 710 to permit re-referencing of the gyroscopes contained therein. Continuous referencing and re-referencing of the horizontally mounted gyroscope utilize GPS heading values while satellite signals are acquired. Once satellite signals are lost gyroscopic heading values take priority using last known valid headings from the GPS. This method using absolute A/G values for supplementing data to the GPS data when the GPS system has lost signal will find use in many applications outside of the automotive industry.

(53) These elements in output signal format are made available to on board GPS based navigation systems through a data port for supplementation during periods of lost or down satellite signals so that the user of a GPS navigation system sees no down time during these periods.

(54) In another aspect, since speed or velocity can be tracked by summing positive and negative accelerations and multiplying by time, a second multiplication by time can yield distance, which is also useful in navigation.

EXAMPLE 6

Altimeter Systems

(55) In another aspect, summing positive and negative vertical accelerations over time yields altitude. For example, an instrument, including an accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor, placed in an airplane or other flying object, contains a circuit that continuously sums over all accelerations and outputs altitude. Alternatively, a system including an accelerometer-gyroscopic sensor included in a non-flying vehicle tracks changes in altitude and outputs a signal used to vary engine performance or some other type of parameter.

(56) This method of altitude determination has certain advantages over current methods of determining altitude which rely on either radar, pressure sensors, or GPS triangulation. Of course its accuracy in determining altitude above sea level (ASL) relies on knowledge of initial altitude, and its accuracy in determining altitude above ground level (AGL) relies on terrain maps or something similar. Since this type of instrument would reveal nothing about a changing ground level below an aircraft, any aircraft equipped with it would still require a radar altimeter for determining AGL on instrument approaches that require such.

(57) Of course, the present invention has additional uses that are not discussed in the embodiments above. The present invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments incorporating details to facilitate the understanding of the principles of construction and operation of the invention. As such, references herein to specific embodiments and details thereof are not intended to limit the scope of the claims appended hereto. It will be apparent that those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the embodiments chosen for illustration without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.