Spatially improved extended reach ultrasonic toothbrush

Abstract

An ultrasonic toothbrush having spatially extended functionality to treat various oral diseases in addition to removing plaque and treating gingivitis is disclosed. In addition to the ultrasonically activated bristles, the toothbrush incorporates a multi directional ultrasound transducer system, which spatially irradiates the oral cavity with ultrasonic pressure waves, operational to loosen plaque, to remove periodontal bacteria from teeth and gums, and to simultaneously treat and destroy disease causing bacteria and bacterial chains on the inside surfaces of cheeks and lips, providing relief from Recurring Aphthous Stomatitis, Lichen Planus, and Mucositis. Various configurations are disclosed, including user removable and replaceable brush heads and ultrasound treatment heads. A motorized version featuring sonic frequency orbital vibration brush head and bristle tufts is described.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic toothbrush comprising: a) a brush head portion having multiple bristle tufts composed of a plurality of bristles and at least one ultrasound transducer protruding from said brush head portion between the bristles on one side and mounted flush with said brush head on an opposing side, said ultrasound transducer radiating non attenuated ultrasound pressure waves in multiple directions toward teeth and gums on one side, and toward inside surfaces of cheeks and lips of an oral cavity on an other side, and coupling said non attenuated ultrasound pressure waves by a dentifrice and fluids in said oral cavity simultaneously in said multiple directions to said teeth and gums and said inside-surfaces of the cheeks and lips; b) a handle portion containing means generating ultrasonic frequency electronic current and connecting means of said ultrasonic frequency electronic current to energize said ultrasound transducer located in said brush head portion.

2. The ultrasonic toothbrush of claim 1, wherein the multi-directional ultrasound pressure waves radiated by said transducer are non attenuated and operating between 20 kHz and 20 MHz frequency and producing a non attenuated ultrasound intensity of 0.02 to 0.5 W/cm.sup.2.

3. The ultrasonic toothbrush of claim 1 or 2, wherein the said multi-directional and non-attenuated ultrasound pressure waves radiated by said transducer are operative to damage and reduce effectiveness of disease causing bacteria and bacterial colonies in the oral cavity.

4. The ultrasonic toothbrush of claim 1 or 2, wherein the ultrasound transducer comprises at least two transducer elements radiating ultrasound pressure waves, one said transducer element radiating toward said teeth and gums, another said transducer element radiating toward the inside surfaces of the cheeks and lips of the oral cavity.

5. The ultrasonic toothbrush of claim 1 or 2, additionally comprising a motor secured to a structure of said handle portion having means to generate orbital vibrations of said handle portion and said brush head portion.

6. The ultrasonic toothbrush of claim 5, wherein a frequency of said orbital vibrations is between 100 Hz and 500 Hz.

7. The ultrasonic toothbrush of claim 5, further comprising means to selectively generate orbital vibrations or not to generate said orbital vibrations of said handle portion and said brush head portion according to the desires of the user.

8. A method of treating lesions of an oral cavity by subjecting an oral flora colonizing in said lesions to multi-directional non-attenuated ultrasound pressure waves between 20 kHz and 20 MHz frequency and 0.010 to 0.500 W/cm^2 intensity radiated from an ultrasonic toothbrush comprising: a) a brush head portion having multiple bristle tufts composed of a plurality of bristles and at least one ultrasound transducer protruding from said brush head portion between the bristles on one side and mounted flush with said brush head on an opposing side, said ultrasound transducer radiating non attenuated ultrasound pressure waves in multiple directions toward teeth and gums on one side, and toward inside surfaces of cheeks and lips of the oral cavity on an other side, and coupling said ultrasound pressure waves by a dentifrice and fluids in the oral cavity simultaneously in said multiple directions to the teeth and gums and said inside surfaces of the cheeks and lips irradiating said lesions by said ultrasound pressure waves operative to damage disease causing bacteria and to disrupt disease causing bacterial colonies residing in said lesions; b) a handle portion containing means generating ultrasonic frequency electronic current and connecting means of said electronic current to energize said ultrasound transducer located in said brush head portion.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the treatment of said lesions is executed concurrently with a tooth-brushing regimen.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the said multi-directional non-attenuated ultrasound pressure waves administered are between 750 kHz and 2 MHz frequency at an intensity of 0.035 to 0.150 W/cm.sup.2.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the treatment of said lesions is executed concurrently with a tooth-brushing regimen.

12. An ultrasonic toothbrush comprising: a) a brush head portion having at least one bristle tuft composed of a plurality of bristles and at least one ultrasound transducer protruding from said brush head portion between the bristles on one side and mounted flush with said brush head on an opposing side, said ultrasound transducer comprises of at least two transducer elements radiating non attenuated ultrasound pressure waves in multiple directions, one said transducer element radiating toward teeth and gums, another said transducer element radiating toward inside surfaces of cheeks and lips of an oral cavity and coupling non attenuated ultrasound pressure waves by a dentifrice and fluids in the oral cavity simultaneously in said multiple directions to the teeth and gums and said inside surfaces of the cheeks and lips; b) a handle portion containing means generating ultrasonic frequency electronic current and connecting means of said ultrasonic frequency electronic current to energize said ultrasound transducer located in said brush head portion.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal cross section and a schematic of the invention consisting the brush head portion incorporating the tufts of bristles and the exposed ultrasonic transducer, and the handle portion containing the driving motor, electronic controls and a battery.

(2) FIG. 2 shows the cross section of the brush head and exposure of the non-attenuated piezoelectric ultrasound transducer.

(3) FIGS. 3A and 3B shows multi element transducer configurations to extend non-attenuated transducer contact areas with the mucosa.

(4) FIG. 4 shows side cross sectional view of a removable brush head assembly.

(5) FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show two cross sectional views of another embodiment of a removable brush-head assembly.

(6) FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 shows two cross sectional views of two embodiments of an ultrasound applicator head assembly.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(7) In the title and in the following discussion the term spatially improved refers to the multi-directional effectiveness of a toothbrush in space versus the conventional toothbrush, which is effective only on one side, which is toward the bristles.

(8) The term ultrasound and ultrasonic and ultrasonic pressure waves refer to acoustic energy in either continuous wave ultrasound or repetitive burst type ultrasonic modality having an operating frequency of 20 kHz and above. References made to sonic and sonic vibrations utilized in toothbrushes are referring to physical vibrations or oscillating motions significantly below the 20 kHz ultrasonic threshold, typically in the range of 100 to 500 Hertz. The term cavitation in association with the toothbrush refers to the generation and/or dispersion of bubbles and the interaction between the sonic or ultrasonic energy and vibrations with the bubbles within the oral fluidic environment. The term structural attenuation in association with ultrasound refers to the attenuation effects of the various surface interfaces and materials commonly used for housing the ultrasound transducers and for transmitting ultrasound from the transducer to the anatomy in ultrasonic toothbrushes and other ultrasonic applications.

(9) The damaging effects of ultrasound on bacteria and bacterial colonies and rendering bacterial colonies ineffective are well known and documented in the scientific community. Clinical and laboratory studies of earlier generation ultrasonic toothbrushes cited herein are only a small set of examples of the effectiveness of the ultrasound emitted by the toothbrush on the bacterial colonies and plaque. It is well known that the effectiveness of ultrasound is related to the intensity of the application, so it is important to limit energy losses and maximize the available intensity from an ultrasound transducer within the limitation of the tissue-heating threshold.

(10) The invention of the spatially improved extended reach ultrasonic toothbrush 30 in a preferred configuration is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The toothbrush 30 comprises of a handle portion 32, a neck portion 34, and a brush-head portion 36 constructed of a rigid or semi rigid plastic material. The handle portion 32 contains a battery pack 38, an electronic control module 40, and an electric motor 42 with an off-center weight 44 mounted on the shaft of the motor 42. The brush-head portion 36 contains an ultrasound transducer 46 and one or more bristle tufts 48.

(11) The battery pack 38 is typically a multi-cell rechargeable battery of NiCd or NiMH chemistry system providing approximately 4.8 VDC to the electronic control module 40. The electronic control module 40 has multiple functions. It controls the electric motor 42 to produce various speed sonic frequency orbital vibrations 52 typically between 100 Hz and 500 Hz to the preference of the user, or no vibration when the application calls for the toothbrush to emit only ultrasonic pressure waves 50 without sonic frequency bristle vibrations. The electronic control module 40 generally will boost the battery voltage by a voltage multiplier circuit to the range of 9.6 VDC to 16.0 VDC in conjunction with generating the ultrasonic frequency current between 20 kHz and 20 MHz frequency, more typically within 750 kHz and 2 MHz frequency, for energizing the ultrasound transducer 46.

(12) The brush-head portion 36 houses the bristle tufts 48 and the ultrasound transducer 46. The ultrasound transducer 46 is positioned within and protrudes from the brush-head 36 in two directions to provide spatial radiation of ultrasound pressure waves 50 without any structural attenuation of the spatially radiating ultrasound energy.

(13) The transducer 46 protrudes from the brush-head 36 between the bristle tufts 48 toward teeth and gums on one side and protrudes though the brush-head 36 on the opposite side of the bristle tufts 48 toward the internal surfaces of the cheeks and lips.

(14) The transducer 46 is typically constructed of one or more elements of hard piezoelectric materials, such as PZT-4 or PZT-8 Lead Zirconate Titanate composition ceramics. The PZT-4 material is a particularly good candidate for the toothbrush application since it is capable of producing large mechanical drive amplitudes while maintaining low mechanical and dielectric losses. However various other transducer materials are also available in the art, such as single crystal silicones, capacitive micro-machined materials, electrostatic polymers, and more will be available in the future to construct an ultrasonic transducer. When energized by the ultrasonic frequency current supplied by the electronic control module 40 through the interconnecting wiring 56 to the ultrasound transducer 46 the transducer 46 expands and contracts in tune with the ultrasonic frequency current, producing and transmitting ultrasound pressure waves 50 spatially into the surrounding and contacting materials, the toothpaste, the oral fluids, and the tissues of the oral cavity. To assure the best possible intimate contact with and transmission of the non-attenuated ultrasound pressure waves 50 into the lips and the cheeks, the brush head surface 54 opposite to the bristles 48 is constructed with a curved configuration and the ultrasound transducer is exposed at the peak of this surface. While FIG. 2 depicts the simplest transducer configuration constructed of a single element, other advanced multi-element configurations are possible.

(15) FIG. 3A depicts a two-element straight T shape ultrasound transducer 58 while FIG. 3B depicts a curved T shape ultrasound transducer 60 illustrative of numerous configurations possible to increase contact areas with the mucosa of the lips and cheeks to further widen the spatial feature of the ultrasonic toothbrush, and not to miss the sometimes small but painful lesions of RAS and LP and Mucositis.

(16) FIG. 4 depicts a removable brush-head assembly configuration of the invention. The removable brush-head assembly 70 comprises a substantially rigid elongated structural member 72 having a base portion 74 designed for secure attachment to a mating 73 portion of the toothbrush handle, a brush-head portion 76 housing one or more bristle tufts 48 and an ultrasound transducer 46. The ultrasonic frequency power to energize the transducer 46 is provided by an ultrasonic frequency current generator located in the toothbrush handle through a connector set 82 and connecting wiring 84.

(17) The ultrasound transducer 46 protrudes from the brush-head portion 76 in two directions to provide spatial radiation of ultrasound pressure waves 50 without any structural attenuation of the ultrasound energy. The transducer 46 protrudes from the brush-head 76 between the bristle tufts 48 on one side and protrudes though the brush-head 76 on the opposite side of the bristle tufts 48.

(18) FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 depict another embodiment of a removable brush-head assembly 90. In this embodiment the brush-head assembly 90 comprises a substantially rigid elongated tubular stem 92, which slides over and secures on a mating shaft 95 of the toothbrush handle, a brush-head portion 76 housing one or more bristle tufts 48 and an ultrasound transducer 46. The ultrasonic frequency power to energize the transducer 46 is provided by an ultrasonic frequency current generator located in the toothbrush handle connecting through a spring loaded sliding connector set 96 located in a slot 98 in the tip of the mating shaft 95 and connecting wiring 84.

(19) The ultrasound transducer 46 protrudes from the brush-head portion 76 in two directions to provide spatial radiation of ultrasound pressure waves 50 without any structural attenuation of the ultrasound energy. The transducer 46 protrudes from the brush-head 76 between the bristle tufts 48 on one side and protrudes though the brush-head 76 on the opposite side of the bristle tufts 48.

(20) FIG. 7 depicts a cross section of a removable ultrasound applicator head assembly 37 configuration of the invention, having a one-element ultrasound transducer 47. The removable ultrasound applicator head assembly 37 has an identical construction as the removable brush-head assemblies 70 and 90 shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 respectively, with the exception that the removable ultrasound applicator head assembly 37 does not contain any bristles. All construction notes contained in the descriptions of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 of the removable brush-head assemblies 70 and 90 are applicable to the removable ultrasound applicator head assembly 37 with the exception of references to the bristles.

(21) The purpose of the removable ultrasound applicator head assembly 37 is to provide an optional accessory for the ultrasonic toothbrush to apply non-attenuated ultrasound treatment for RAS, LP, or Mucositis lesions at any time, independently from the daily tooth-brushing regimen. The ultrasound transducer 47 is exposed at the peak of the curved surface 54 of the applicator head assembly 37 and the ultrasound pressure waves 50 are conducted from the non-attenuated transducer to the bacterial flora by the oral fluids without the need for toothpaste.

(22) FIG. 8 depicts a cross section of a removable ultrasound applicator head assembly 37 having a curved two-element ultrasound transducer 61 adopted to increase the contact surface between the transducer 61 and the lesions in the oral cavity. All other construction notes of FIG. 7 are applicable to FIG. 8 also.

(23) All of the patents and publications cited herein and in the appended Information Disclosure Statement are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

(24) While the preceding description contains numerous specificities, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as an exemplification of a preferred and additional embodiments thereof. Skilled artisans will readily be able to change dimensions, shapes, and construction materials of the various components described in the embodiments and adopt the invention to all types of sonic and ultrasonic energy applications. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined not by the embodiments illustrated, but by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.