WHEELCHAIR WITH DYNAMIC SUPPORT SYSTEM

Abstract

A wheelchair is provided. First supports for supporting a user of the wheelchair are unevenly disposed to form a perimeter, and second supports for supporting the user of the wheelchair are unevenly disposed at least partially within the perimeter of the first supports. The first supports support the user when the first supports are in a raised position and the second supports are in a lowered position. The second supports support the user when the second supports are in a raised position and the first supports are in a lowered position. A alternation of supporting the user with the first supports or the second supports facilitates reduction of pressure sores of the user. In various embodiments, multiple groups of supports are used, the supports contour to a user's anatomy and/or the supports are pneumatic.

Claims

1. A support surface comprising: first supports for supporting a user of the support surface, the first supports being unevenly disposed to form a perimeter, the first supports comprising a first position and a second position, and the first supports contouring to an anatomy of a user when in the first position; and second supports for supporting the user of the support surface, the second supports being unevenly disposed at least partially within the perimeter of the first supports, the second supports comprising a first position and a second position, and the second supports contouring to the anatomy of a user when in the first position thereof, wherein the first supports support the user when the first supports are in the first position thereof and the second supports are in the second position thereof, wherein the second supports support the user when the second supports are in the first position thereof and the first supports are in the second position thereof, wherein the first and second supports are configured for alternation of supporting the user with the first supports or the second supports, wherein the first supports have different spacing between some of the first supports compared to others of the first supports, and the second supports have different spacing between some of the second supports compared to others of the second supports.

2. The support surface of claim 1, further comprising multiple groups of supports for supporting the user of the support surface, wherein one of the multiple groups supports comprises the first supports and the second supports.

3. The support surface of claim 1, further comprising a pneumatic actuator, the pneumatic actuator alternately inflating and deflating the first supports and the second supports to alternate the first supports between the first and second positions thereof and to alternate the second supports between the first and second positions thereof.

4. The support surface of claim 1, wherein the first supports comprise N groups of first supports, and the support surface is configured to enable (N-x) of the groups of first supports to support the user for a first time period, and a different (N-x) of the groups of first supports to support the user for a second time period, wherein x may range from one to (N-1).

5. The support surface of claim 1, wherein the first supports and the second supports comprise pillars supported by springs.

6. The support surface of claim 1, wherein the first supports and the second supports comprise supports having a first width and supports having a second width.

7. The support surface of claim 1, wherein the first supports are attached to an upper structure and the second supports are attached to a lower structure and pass through openings in the upper structure when in the first position.

8. A support surface comprising: multiple groups of supports for supporting a user of the support surface, each of the multiple groups of supports rising and lowering independently with respect to other groups of the multiple groups of supports, each of the multiple groups of supports comprising: first supports for supporting the user of the support surface, the first supports being unevenly disposed to form a perimeter and comprising a first position and a second position; and second supports for supporting the user of the support surface, the second supports being unevenly disposed at least partially within the perimeter of the first supports and comprising a first position and a second position, wherein the first supports support the user when the first supports are in the first position thereof and the second supports are in the second position thereof, wherein the second supports support the user when the second supports are in the first position thereof and the first supports are in the second position thereof, wherein the first and second supports are configured for alternation of supporting the user with the first supports or the second supports, wherein the first supports have different spacing between some of the first supports compared to others of the first supports, and the second supports have different spacing between some of the second supports compared to others of the second supports.

9. The support surface of claim 8, wherein the first supports contour to an anatomy of a user when in the first position thereof and the second supports contour to the anatomy of the user when in the first position thereof.

10. The support surface of claim 8, further comprising a pneumatic actuator, the pneumatic actuator alternately inflating and deflating the first supports and the second supports to alternate the first supports between the first and second positions thereof and to alternate the second supports between the first and second positions thereof.

11. The support surface of claim 8, wherein the first supports comprise N groups of first supports, and the support surface is configured to enable (N-x) of the groups of first supports to support the user for a first time period, and a different (N-x) of the groups of first supports to support the user for a second time period, wherein x may range from one to (N-1).

12. The support surface of claim 8, wherein the first supports and the second supports comprise pillars supported by springs.

13. The support surface of claim 8, wherein the first supports and the second supports comprise supports having a first width and supports having a second width.

14. The support surface of claim 8 wherein the first supports are attached to an upper structure and the second supports are attached to a lower structure and pass through openings in the upper structure when in the first position.

15. A method of supporting a user, the method comprising: providing a support surface comprising first supports and second supports, the first supports being unevenly disposed to form a perimeter, the second supports being unevenly disposed at least partially within the perimeter of the first supports, wherein the first supports have different spacing between some of the first supports compared to others of the first supports, and the second supports have different spacing between some of the second supports compared to others of the second supports; alternately supporting an anatomy of the user with the first supports or with the second supports; contouring the first supports or the second supports to the anatomy of the user concurrently with the alternately supporting.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the alternately supporting comprising alternately pneumatically inflating and deflating the first supports and the second supports.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the alternately supporting comprises alternately raising and lowering the first supports and the second supports.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the alternately supporting comprises passing the second supports through openings in a structure comprising the first supports.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein providing the support surface comprises selecting predetermined spacings of the first supports and the second supports and predetermined timings of the alternations.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] So that the manner in which the features of the invention can be understood, a detailed description of the invention may be had by reference to certain embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only certain embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the scope of the disclosed subject matter encompasses other embodiments as well. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis generally being placed upon illustrating the features of certain embodiments of the invention. In the drawings, like numerals are used to indicate like parts throughout the various views.

[0026] FIGS. 1-3 depict a support system with alternating pillars in different positons.

[0027] FIGS. 4-7 depicts support systems with alternating pillars and springs in different positions.

[0028] FIGS. 8-10 depicts a support system with alternating pillars in different positions, actuated by a mechanical lever knob or similar actuator mechanism.

[0029] FIGS. 11-12 depicts a support system with supports having varying length pillars which are actuated by a vertical lifting system.

[0030] FIGS. 13-16 depicts various support systems including a wheelchair with a support system installed.

[0031] FIG. 17 depicts a support system having various configurations of support arrays.

[0032] FIG. 18 depicts a support system having an array of supports in two different positions.

[0033] FIGS. 19-20 depict a support system having variable size supports in two different positions.

[0034] FIG. 21-23 depicts a support system in which first supports are arranged along the periphery of a circle and second supports are arranged along another shape within the circle, with the pattern repeating.

[0035] FIG. 24 depicts a support system with first supports surrounded by second supports arranged along the periphery of a circle, in different positions.

[0036] FIG. 25 depicts a support system with first supports in a first position and second supports in a second position.

[0037] FIG. 26 depicts a support system with first supports in a first position and second supports in a second position.

[0038] FIG. 27 depicts a support system with translating contacts.

[0039] FIG. 28 depicts a support system with translating contacts.

[0040] FIG. 29 depicts a support system with a wave of beads which may translate from front to back, left to right, or a combination thereof.

[0041] FIG. 30 depicts a support system with rotating roller supports.

[0042] FIG. 31 depicts a support system with translating spheres for support.

[0043] FIGS. 32A-32C depict, in cross-sectional elevation, a support system with translation of an upper and lower plates.

[0044] FIGS. 33-34 depict several views of a support system with upper and lower plates in which left and right sides of the support system have different patterns of supports.

[0045] FIG. 35 depicts a pattern of supports for a support system.

[0046] FIG. 36 depicts an interrupted shape support system.

[0047] FIGS. 37A-37B depict a support system with interrupted shapes in two different positions.

[0048] FIG. 38 depicts a three dimensional embodiment of the support system of FIG. 25, having upper and lower plates.

[0049] FIGS. 39A-B depicts a pneumatic support system in two different positions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Embodiments of the disclosed subject matter provide techniques for reducing pressure sores in a patient who is confined to a wheelchair or bed, and include wheelchairs and systems of supports for wheelchairs, beds, etc. Other embodiments are within the scope of the disclosed subject matter.

[0051] The present disclosure relates to, in one aspect, a dynamic system of supports to be used with or as part of a wheelchair, bed, seat, or other structure, which promotes circulation and prevents or minimizes ischemia and prevents or minimizes pressure sores. The system may include an array of supports, pillars, elements, etc., that reposition in such a way as to promote circulation, prevent ischemia, and prevent pressure sores in an individual. Advantageously, the present disclosure includes a dynamic system in which a pattern of supports are defined, with different subsets of the supports, and the different subsets are used to alternately change position to support the user, while other supports either remain stationary or also change position so as not to support the user. As another advantage, by changing the position of where a user is supported, pressure sores and other related medical problems can be mitigated or alleviated. As another advantage, by defining the different subsets of the supports along a perimeter of a shape with an interruption in the perimeter (e.g., the supports are unevenly distributed along the perimeter to leave a gap), and/or to define the shapes to overlap, pressure on the user is dynamically changed so as to mitigate or alleviate pressure sores. Applicants have discovered that these dynamically changing supports can be used in wheelchairs or other seats or beds, and by choosing appropriate patterns and/or spacing of patterns as defined herein, pressure sores may be mitigated. By contrast, traditional solutions are focused on pressure redistribution, and are not focused on eliminating the conditions that cause pressure sores, and fail to provide favorable user and patient outcomes.

[0052] Generally stated, described herein is a wheelchair. The wheelchair includes supports for supporting a user. The supports are configured to reduce or prevent ischemia or pressure sores of the user. In one embodiment, a group of the supports is arranged along a perimeter of a shape and at least some of the group of the supports have different vertical positions. In another embodiment, the supports are arranged as a repeating pattern of shapes, the individual supports being peripherally disposed along perimeters of the shapes. In a further embodiment, the pattern of shapes includes a first shape overlapping with a second shape, and some of the individual supports are disposed along perimeters of both the first and second shapes.

[0053] In one example, at least some of the supports change vertical positions relative to the user. In another example, the supports have at least two vertical positions relative to the user. In a further example, the supports have at least two horizontal positions relative to the user. In yet another example, the supports are or include pillars supported by springs.

[0054] In one specific implementation, the wheelchair includes an actuator configured to change positions of the supports, and the actuator may be electrical, mechanical, electromechanical, magnetic, pneumatic, hydraulic, etc. In another example, the supports may include at least first supports and second supports. The first supports may have a first height and the second supports having a second height. In a further example, the supports may include an array of beads or other shaped supports that can roll. The beads may be configured to translate horizontally relative to the user.

[0055] In one embodiment, the supports may include first supports having a first width and second supports having a second width. In another embodiment, the supports may include at least first supports and second supports. The first supports may have a first vertical position when the second supports have a second vertical position. The first supports may have the second vertical position when the second supports have the first vertical position. In a further embodiment, the supports may include first supports and second supports. The first supports may be arranged within a perimeter defined by the second supports. In yet another aspect, the supports may include first supports and second supports. In such a case, each of the first supports may have a first size, and each of the second supports may have a different second size. Optionally, a total of three, four, five, or any number of additional sets of supports may be defined to move together as well, even including each of hundreds of supports moving independently to change positions in a specific pattern.

[0056] In another aspect, presented herein is a system of supports, which may be used with any patient or user supporting structure, such as a chair, bed, wheelchair, vehicle seat, medical table, etc. A group of the supports may be arranged along the perimeter of the shape. At least some of the group of the supports may have different vertical positions. The position and size of the different supports may be selected to minimize pressure sores as disclosed herein.

[0057] In another aspect, a wheelchair is provided. The wheelchair includes supports for supporting a user. The supports are arranged as a repeating pattern of shapes, the individual supports being peripherally disposed along perimeters of the shapes. The repeating pattern of shapes includes a first shape overlapping with a second shape, and some of the individual supports are disposed along perimeters of both the first and second shapes.

[0058] In one implementation, the distribution of supports changes temporally. For instance, the temporal change may occur once every 30 seconds to 30 minutes, and more specifically may occur every 2 minutes to 20 minutes. In such a manner, this temporal adjustment may reduce and/or eliminate pressure sores of the user.

[0059] In another example, the supports may contact the individual patient through their clothing or through a fabric layer that may be disposed over the support. The supports may each have two or more vertical and/or horizontal positions, and the change of positions temporally facilitates the reduction of pressure sores. Because shearing of the skin may be an issue, supports may be configured to only move vertically or approximately perpendicular to the surface of the seat to avoid/eliminate shearing.

[0060] In one implementation, spacing of the supports is such that there are regions between supports where the pressure drops to below capillary perfusion pressure or approximately 32 mm Hg. In another example, the spacing of the supports is such that when the distribution of supports changes temporally, regions with pressure above capillary perfusion pressure or approximately 32 mm Hg become regions with pressure below capillary perfusion pressure or approximately 32 mm Hg.

[0061] In a further example, the array of supports creates regions where individual supports are small enough and close enough together that they cluster to support the weight of the body where they make contact (e.g., through a cloth pad) with the skin, and pressure in those regions can be greater than capillary perfusion pressure or approximately 32 mm Hg. At the same time, the array of supports creates regions where the clusters of individual supports are far enough apart that the pressure between the clusters (where no support makes contact with the skin directly or indirectly) is below capillary perfusion pressure or approximately 32 mm Hg. When the distribution of supports changes temporally, the location of the clusters of support are modulated so that regions which were supported with clusters are now unsupported and regions which were unsupported are now supported with clusters.

[0062] In one specific example, the distribution of supports creates at least two regions: A region of supports clustered to support the body by contacting the skin (directly or indirectly through a cloth pad) and a region between clusters of support where the body is not supported by contact of the skin (directly or indirectly through a cloth pad).

[0063] The individual supports may be cylindrical in shape, but also could be square cross-section, rectangular cross-section, oval cross-section, or other area.

[0064] Individual supports within the array may be 1 mm to 25 mm in diameter (+/−1.0 to 625 mm.sup.2 contact area) or in an exemplary embodiment may be 4 mm to 12 mm diameter (+/−12.5 to 115 mm.sup.2 contact area). The supports may be arranged such that individual supports in a cluster are 1 mm to 15 mm apart (have a 1 mm to 15 mm gap between) and in an exemplary embodiment, the individual supports in a cluster are 2 mm to 10 mm apart. The supports are further arranged such that there are unsupported regions between the clusters of supports, the unsupported regions are 7 mm.sup.2 to 320 mm.sup.2 in area. In an exemplary embodiment, the unsupported regions are 100 mm.sup.2 to 175 mm.sup.2. In another example, the size and shape of the support region results in pressure inside the perimeter of the region to be below capillary perfusion pressure or approximately 32 mmHg.

[0065] In one example, the supports are arranged in the form of interrupted support regions, which means that the clusters of supports look like interrupted shapes. In other words, rather than the supports forming a complete perimeter of a shapes like circles, squares, rectangles, ovals, etc., the shapes are not completely closed, or have a larger than usual gap.

[0066] In another example, the interrupted support regions contact the user (directly or indirectly through a cloth pad) along the perimeter of the support region and leave the middle region (inside the perimeter) unsupported. Alternately, the middle region may be supported by one or more other supports arranged in a different shape.

[0067] The supports can be manually actuated with a lever, crank, dial, knob or by an automated mechanism. The lever, crank, dial, knob or automated mechanism turns a cam, belt, gear, screw or similar mechanical system to provide vertical actuation of a fraction of the support array, for example half of the support array if there are two equally numerous sets of supports. Alternatively, actuation can be achieved by a pneumatic, hydraulic, magnetic, solenoid, motor, or other mechanical or electrical system.

[0068] In one example, each time the supports are actuated, the state of the support array changes and the supports which were contacting (directly or indirectly) the user become non-supporting and the supports which were non-supporting become supporting. This is achieved through a change in the axial position of the two (or more) subsets of array supports.

[0069] Alternatively, the clusters of supports or individual supports can be collapsible and have their state engaged or disengaged temporally. The supports in the firm state contact the user (directly or indirectly) and support them. The supports in the compliant state do not support the user. Each time the state of the supports are changed, the firm supports which were contacting (directly or indirectly) the user become compliant and non-supporting and the supports which were compliant and non-supporting become firm and supporting. This is achieved through a change in the firmness of the two (or more) subsets of array supports. A change in firmness can be achieved by changing the pressure within clusters of collapsible supports or individual supports by adding or removing air or other fluid to the supports or by changing the temperature or applying a current to a shape memory material or applying a magnetic field to a magnetorheological material. The array of supports need not necessarily be flat (planar). The contour of the supports can be made to match the contour of the user or to match the surface onto which or into which the support array is attached. In one embodiment, the user sits on a planar array of supports, each of which is in series with a spring or similar elastic element. The weight of the user's body compresses the spring under each support a different amount based on the contour of the body. For example, a user may sit on a planar array of supports which results in a support array of variable height (vertical position) of individual supports to accommodate the shape of the user's legs, buttocks, etc. Once the supports are contoured, the contoured array is then used as the interface between the seat (or bed) and user. The support array is actuated vertically so that a fraction, for example half, of the array supports the body at any given time and alternates temporally with the other approximately half of the array. In another example, the fraction may be different based on the number of sets of supports that operate in tandem. For instance, there may be N different groups of supports that operate out of phase with one another, such that the user is supported by N-X of the groups at any given moment, with X groups in a lower vertical position. X could be any number from 1 to N-1.

[0070] In one example, the individual supports are monolithic (single component) and can be made from solid semi-rigid materials or solid rigid materials, or collapsible materials (air bladder) or shape memory materials or magnetorheological materials. In another example, the support clusters are fabricated from larger multi-support arrays which are molded or formed from solid or collapsible materials. For instance, the total number of supports in contact with the user may be hundreds to thousands.

[0071] As one of the many examples of the present disclosure, the supports disclosed herein act as an interface between a person and the surface on which they are sitting or lying. For long term wheelchair users or bed ridden individuals, the array of supports prevents prolonged times where any one area of skin or tissues deep to the skin are subjected to high pressure while sitting or lying for long periods of time.

[0072] Further details of the wheelchair and system of supports of the present disclosure are set forth below in further detail with respect to the drawings. As will be readily understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art, the drawings and discussion below are examples meant to illustrate the claimed invention, and are not meant to limit the invention in any way.

[0073] When reviewing the further details below in light of the drawings, it is to be understood that the features depicted in one drawing may be combined with features depicted in another drawing to assemble a wheelchair or system of supports for a user or patient. For example, where a section of a support is shown in isolation, that section may be installed into a wheelchair, bed, or other structure. And although only some depicted embodiments show structural details of actuators, levers, springs, moving platforms, and the like, such a presentation is only for ease of illustration. A person having ordinary skill in the art will understand that the disclosure herein specifically includes using the different features in combination with one another. Specifically, the patterns and mechanisms of supports may be installed in a square or rectangular pattern, or could be arranged on any other shape, such as an irregular curved shape of a wheelchair seat or vehicle seat, or repeated so as to fill the area of a bed. In addition, where one figure shows a lever and/or actuator system for changing vertical and/or horizontal position of the supports, such a lever and/or actuator system is designed for use with other embodiments disclosed in other figures.

[0074] Turning next to the specific implementation examples of the present disclosure, FIG. 1 depicts a generalized support system 101 with alternating supports or pillars 102. The buttocks or legs 110 of a user or patient are depicted. FIGS. 2-3 depicts a support system 401 with alternating pillars 102 in a first position and a second position. In the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3, the individual supports or pillars 102 may move up and down in a vertical manner. For example FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 differ in that alternate supports 202 are moved from an up position to a down position and vice versa.

[0075] FIGS. 4-7 depicts support systems with springs 403, 503, 603 in different positions. Specifically, FIG. 4 depicts a support system 401 having supports 402 with springs 403 in a first position. In FIG. 5, the support system 401 has moved in such a way that more of the supports 502 are in contact with the buttocks of the user. FIGS. 6-7 depict another support system 601 in which supports 602, 604 have moved from a uniform vertical position in FIG. 6 to a position in which more of the supports are in contact with the user in FIG. 7.

[0076] FIGS. 8-10 depicts a support system 801 with alternating pillar supports 802, 804 in different positions, actuated by a mechanical lever 810 (having a grip 811 and pivot 812) or similar actuator mechanism. As may be seen, first supports 802 are attached to an upper plate 822 and second supports 804 are attached to a lower plate 824. When the lever 810 is operated, the first supports 802 and second supports 804 move relative to one another. Indeed, the movement is such that in a first position of FIG. 8, the first supports 802 which includes the first, third, and so on of the supports (counted from the left) are higher vertically and so support the user. And in FIG. 8, the second group of supports 804 which includes the second, fourth, and so on of the supports (counted from the left) are higher vertically and so support the user. As such, the lever 810 changes which of the supports are in contact with the user to support the user. By activating the lever 810, the pressure points on the user are changed and pressure sores may be reduced due to repeated such action going back and forth between the two positions depicted in FIGS. 8-9.

[0077] FIGS. 11-12 depicts a support system 1101 with supports having varying length pillars which are actuated by a vertical lifting system, such as first supports 1102 which are taller than second supports 1104. In this example, the pillars have different heights, so that they may better conform with the buttocks of a user. Such a configuration is evidenced in the cross-sectional elevational view provided in FIG. 12. As seen in FIG. 12, the upper view shows the support system in a first position, and the lower view shows the support system in a second position in which an upper plate 1112 moves upward relative to a lower plate 1110. First supports 1102 are attached at points 1102a of lower plate 1110, and go through holes 1102b of upper plate 1112, and second supports 1104 are attached at points 1104a of upper plate 1112.

[0078] As noted above, the various support systems described herein may be configured for use in different environments, in different shapes, and as part of wheelchairs, beds, etc. FIGS. 13-16 depict several such examples. FIG. 13 shows a support system 1301 in which the supports 1302 form the likely outline of the users seated position. FIG. 14 depicts a support system 1401 in which a mechanical lever 810 is included as depicted in FIG. 10. FIG. 15 depicts a cover 1500 that may be placed on the support system, so that indirect contact of the support system may be made through the cover with the user. FIG. 16 depicts the support system 1401 of FIG. 14 having been installed in a wheelchair 100.

[0079] FIG. 17 depicts a support system having various configurations of support arrays having different spacing. For example, array 1701 has a first spacing, array 1702 has a second spacing, array 103 has a third spacing, array 1704 has a fourth spacing, array 1705 has a fifth spacing, with each spacing progressively increasing. The spacing of the support systems of FIG. 17 could be combined with the alternating support groupings described herein, to form a complete system that mixes and matches the appropriate spacing, number of supports, actuation mechanism, etc.

[0080] FIGS. 18 depicts a support system having an array of supports in two different positions. As such, it may be seen that first supports 1801 are arranged peripherally about a first square and second supports 1802 are arranged peripherally about a second square. The first square surrounds the second square. In the manner described above, actuation may be employed so that the supports of each square alternately are raised or lowered to support the user. Thus, the support of the user in the region of the first supports 1801 can alternate with second supports 1802, thus mitigating pressure sores.

[0081] FIGS. 19-20 depict a support system having variable size supports 1901, 1902 in two different positions. In this example, the smaller supports 1902 can alternate with the larger supports 1901, as seen by comparing the alternation in position between FIG. 19 and FIG. 20. In such a manner, again, the region of the user or patient being contacted by the supports will change, to mitigate pressure sores.

[0082] FIG. 21-23 depicts a support system in which first supports 2101 are arranged along the periphery of circles 2112 that surround some second supports 2102, and second supports 2102 are arranged along peripheries of other circles 2110 that surround first supports 2101, with the pattern repeating. As can be seen in FIG. 23, when the first supports 2101, which are shaded, are in the upper position, these supports are supporting the user, and as seen in FIG. 22 when the second supports 2702, which are unshaded, are in the upper position, these other circles are supporting the user.

[0083] FIG. 24 depicts a support system with larger first supports 2401 surrounded by smaller second supports 2402 arranged along the periphery of a circle, in different positions. As may be understood, the support system can allow the user to be alternately supported by the first supports 2401 and the second supports 2402.

[0084] FIGS. 25 depicts a support system with first supports 2501 in a first down position and second supports 2502 in a second up position indicated by shading. As may be seen, the supports are interleaved cross patterns, and as used in a support system for a wheelchair, the first supports 2501 and second supports 2502 will alternate vertical position.

[0085] FIG. 26 depicts a support system with first supports 2601 in a first position and second supports 2602 in a second position. As may be seen, the supports are arranged as squares surrounding opposite type supports. Again, alternation of vertical position allows mitigation of pressure sores.

[0086] Many other configurations of the present disclosure are possible. For instance, FIG. 27 depicts another support system with interrupted circle shapes of the supports 2701, 2702. FIG. 28 depicts a support system with contact beads 2801, 2802.

[0087] In addition, horizontal translation of the supports may also be employed for a variety of applications. FIG. 29 depicts a support system with a wave of beads having peaks 2901, 2902 which may translate from front to back, left to right, or a combination thereof, so that either only one peak 2901 contacts the user (upper view) or both beaks 2901, 2902 contact the user (lower view). FIG. 30 depicts a support system with rotating roller supports having peaks 3001, 3202. As the roller rotates, the horizontal position of the peaks will move to the left or right. FIG. 31 depicts a support system with translating spheres 3101 for support. Applicant notes that horizontally moving supports may be less than ideal for certain applications, due to a shear force on the skin of a seated user.

[0088] In addition, numerous other configurations of the present disclosure may be used to achieve the goal of reducing pressure sores, and are included herein to provide further examples of the broad scope of Applicant's discoveries. FIGS. 32A-32C depicts, in cross-sectional elevation, a support system with translation of an upper plate 3212 and lower plate 3210. First supports 3202 are attached to lower plate 3210. Second supports 3201 are attached to upper plate 3212. FIG. 32A shows the support system in a first position in which the user is supported by supports 3202, FIG. 32B shows the support system in the process of the upper plate 3212 elevating, and FIG. 32C shows the support system in a third position in which the user is supported by supports 3201.

[0089] FIGS. 33-34 depict several views of a support system with upper plate 3410 and lower plate 3412 in which a left side 3301L and a right side 3301R of the support system have different patterns of supports, which combine the patterns of FIG. 28 and FIG. 32. For example, on the left side, depicted are left first supports 3302L and left second supports 3304L. And on the right side, depicted are right first supports 3302R and right second supports 3304R. In a first position, the user may be supported by supports 3302L, 3302R, and in a second position, the user may be supported by supports 3304L, 3304R.

[0090] FIG. 35 depicts a pattern of supports for a support system 3510, showing also the outlines of the supports 3502 and 3504 in which the pattern may be repeated along a wheelchair seat, and which may alternate between supports 3502, 3504 being in the upward and downward position to support the user. In addition, although not picture, a plus shaped arrangement of supports may be placed in between supports 3502, 3504, another plus shaped arrangement of supports to the left and right of supports 3502 and supports 3504, respectively, and the pattern repeated in two-dimensions. In such an example, supports 3502, 3504 may operate in tandem and alternately with the plus shaped arrangement of supports, to support the user in the wheelchair or seat.

[0091] FIG. 36 depicts a support system with supports 3602, showing the outlines of the interrupted circles 3610, 3612, 3614, where adjacent circles will alternate being in the upward and downward position to support the user.

[0092] FIGS. 37A-37B depict a variation on the support system of FIG. 25 with cross shapes 3701, 3702 in two different positions, as seen in the FIG. 37A and FIG. 37B depictions.

[0093] FIG. 38 depicts a three dimensional embodiment of the support system of FIG. 21, in which first supports 3802 alternate vertical position with second supports 3804. As may be seen, overlapping circles 3810, 3812 are also defined as in FIG. 21.

[0094] FIGS. 39A-39B depicts a pneumatic support system 3910 in two different positions. In FIG. 39A, the first supports 3902 including the first and third supports are uppermost, while second supports 3904 including the second and fourth supports are deflated. In FIG. 39B, the situation alternates, and the second supports 3904 have been inflated pneumatically and the first supports 3902 deflated. Again, these supports may be repeated in two dimensions using any of the two-dimensionally viewed patterns depicted above, allowing for mixing and matching patterns with actuation technology.

[0095] To the extent that the claims recite the phrase “at least one of” in reference to a plurality of elements, this is intended to mean at least one or more of the listed elements, and is not limited to at least one of each element. For example, “at least one of an element A, element B, and element C,” is intended to indicate element A alone, or element B alone, or element C alone, or any combination thereof. “At least one of element A, element B, and element C” is not intended to be limited to at least one of an element A, at least one of an element B, and at least one of an element C.

[0096] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.