Flotation for agricultural implements

Abstract

An agricultural implement has front flotation wheels with a significantly increased diameter, increasing flotation and improving rolling characteristics, especially in soft soil conditions. The implement has a frame supported on front and rear wheels. Front flotation wheels are pivotally mounted to the frame about vertical axes. A hitch tongue is pivotally attached to the frame about a vertical hitch pivot axis. A wheel control mechanism connects the front flotation wheels to the hitch tongue, and is configured such that when the hitch tongue is in a neutral position the front flotation wheels roll in the operating direction, and pivoting the hitch tongue causes the front flotation wheels to pivot in the same direction.

Claims

1. An agricultural implement apparatus comprising: a frame supported on rear wheels and at least one front flotation wheel for movement along the ground in an operating travel direction, and a plurality of ground engaging tools mounted on the frame substantially equally on each side of a frame axis extending parallel to the operating travel direction; wherein the at least one front flotation wheel is pivotally mounted to the frame about a substantially vertical wheel pivot axis; a hitch tongue having a rear end pivotally attached to a lateral mid-point of the frame about a substantially vertical hitch pivot axis located substantially on the frame axis, and having a front end adapted for pivotal attachment to a drawbar of a towing vehicle by a substantially vertical drawbar pin; a wheel control mechanism connecting the at least one front flotation wheel to the hitch tongue such that pivotal movement of the at least one front flotation wheel about the wheel pivot axis follows pivotal movement of the hitch tongue about the hitch pivot axis; the wheel control mechanism configured such that when the hitch tongue is in a neutral position aligned with the frame axis, the at least one front flotation wheel is oriented to roll in the operating travel direction, and pivoting the hitch tongue about the hitch pivot axis away from the neutral position causes the at least one front flotation wheel to pivot about the wheel pivot axis a pivot restraint mechanism selectively operative to secure the hitch tongue in the neutral position, wherein the pivot restraint mechanism comprises a right extendable bias element connected between the frame and hitch tongue and movable from a restraint position, resisting rightward pivotal movement of the hitch tongue away from the neutral position, to a release position where the hitch tongue is free to move rightward away from the neutral position; and a left extendable bias element connected between the frame and hitch tongue movable from a restraint position, resisting leftward pivotal movement of the hitch tongue away from the neutral position, to a release position where the hitch tongue is free to move leftward away from the neutral position; wherein the extendable bias elements are configured to be one of fully extended and fully retracted when in the restraint position with the hitch tongue in the neutral position, and the extendable bias elements are operative to exert a bias force resisting movement of the hitch tongue away from the neutral position.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the right and left extendible bias elements are provided by corresponding right and left hydraulic cylinders, and comprising an active hydraulic source connected to the right and left hydraulic cylinders through a hydraulic control, the hydraulic control operative to move the hydraulic cylinders to the restraint position, and operative to move the hydraulic cylinders to the release position.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein, when the hydraulic cylinders are in the restraint position, pressurized hydraulic fluid at an active pressure from the active hydraulic source is directed into the hydraulic cylinders to exert the bias force, and the active hydraulic source is operative to allow pressurized hydraulic fluid to pass out of the hydraulic cylinders when a hitch force exerted on the hitch tongue in a direction away from the neutral position exceeds the bias force, such that the hitch tongue moves away from the neutral position against the bias force.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 comprising a pressure control operative to adjust the active pressure to adjust the bias force.

5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein: each of the right and left hydraulic cylinders is pivotally connected at a first end thereof to a first end of a corresponding link member; a second end of the link member is pivotally connected to one of the hitch tongue and the frame; a second end of each hydraulic cylinder is pivotally connected to the other of the hitch tongue and the frame; wherein moving the hydraulic cylinders to the restraint position by directing pressurized hydraulic fluid into the hydraulic cylinders moves the first ends of the link members against the one of the hitch tongue and the frame to which the second ends of the link members are connected; and wherein moving the hydraulic cylinders to the release position moves the first ends of the link members away from the one of the hitch tongue and the frame to which the second ends of the link members are connected.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the hydraulic cylinders are fully extended when in the restraint position and fully retracted when in the release position, and configured such that when the hydraulic cylinders are in the release position and the hitch tongue pivots leftward to a selected maximum degree from the neutral position, the first end of a left link member connected to the left hydraulic cylinder bears against the one of the hitch tongue and the frame to which the second end of the right link member is connected, and prevents movement of the hitch tongue beyond the selected maximum degree.

7. An agricultural implement apparatus comprising: a frame supported on rear wheels and at least one front flotation wheel for movement along the ground in an operating travel direction, and a plurality of ground engaging tools mounted on the frame substantially equally on each side of a frame axis extending parallel to the operating travel direction; wherein the at least one front flotation wheel is pivotally mounted to the frame about a substantially vertical wheel pivot axis; a hitch tongue having a rear end pivotally attached to a lateral mid-point of the frame about a substantially vertical hitch pivot axis located substantially on the frame axis, and having a front end adapted for pivotal attachment to a drawbar of a towing vehicle by a substantially vertical drawbar pin; a wheel control mechanism connecting the at least one front flotation wheel to the hitch tongue such that pivotal movement of the at least one front flotation wheel about the wheel pivot axis follows pivotal movement of the hitch tongue about the hitch pivot axis; the wheel control mechanism configured such that when the hitch tongue is in a neutral position aligned with the frame axis, the at least one front flotation wheel is oriented to roll in the operating travel direction, and pivoting the hitch tongue about the hitch pivot axis away from the neutral position causes the at least one front flotation wheel to pivot about the wheel pivot axis; a pivot restraint mechanism selectively operative to secure the hitch tongue in the neutral position wherein the pivot restraint mechanism comprises at least one extendable actuator connected between the frame and hitch tongue; wherein the at least one extendable actuator is pivotally connected at a first end thereof to a first end of a link member; wherein a second end of the link member is pivotally connected to one of the hitch tongue and the frame; a second end of the at least one extendable actuator is pivotally connected to the other of the hitch tongue and the frame; wherein moving the at least one extendable actuator to the restraint position moves the first end of the link member against the one of the hitch tongue and the frame to which the second end of the link member is connected, and wherein moving the at least one extendable actuator to the release position moves the first end of the link member away from the one of the hitch tongue and the frame to which the second end of the link member is connected.

8. An agricultural implement apparatus comprising: a frame supported on rear wheels and at least one front flotation wheel for movement along the ground in an operating travel direction, and a plurality of ground engaging tools mounted on the frame substantially equally on each side of a frame axis extending parallel to the operating travel direction; wherein the at least one front flotation wheel is pivotally mounted to the frame about a substantially vertical wheel pivot axis; a hitch tongue having a rear end pivotally attached to a lateral mid-point of the frame about a substantially vertical hitch pivot axis located substantially on the frame axis, and having a front end adapted for pivotal attachment to a drawbar of a towing vehicle by a substantially vertical drawbar pin; a wheel control mechanism connecting the at least one front flotation wheel to the hitch tongue such that pivotal movement of the at least one front flotation wheel about the wheel pivot axis follows pivotal movement of the hitch tongue about the hitch pivot axis; the wheel control mechanism configured such that when the hitch tongue is in a neutral position aligned with the frame axis, the at least one front flotation wheel is oriented to roll in the operating travel direction, and pivoting the hitch tongue about the hitch pivot axis away from the neutral position causes the at least one front flotation wheel to pivot about the wheel pivot axis; a pivot restraint mechanism selectively operative to secure the hitch tongue in the neutral position wherein the pivot restraint mechanism comprises at least one extendable actuator connected between the frame and hitch tongue; a pivot control selectively operative to move the pivot restraint mechanism from a restraint mode, where the hitch tongue is secured in the neutral position, to a release mode where the hitch tongue is free to pivot about the hitch pivot axis; a tool control selectively operative to raise and lower the ground engaging tools with respect to the frame, and wherein the pivot control is operatively connected to the tool control such that when the ground engaging tools are raised, the pivot control moves the pivot restraint mechanism to the release mode, and when the ground engaging tools are lowered, the pivot control moves the pivot restraint mechanism to the restraint mode.

9. A method of controlling the rolling orientation of at least one front flotation wheel of an agricultural implement, the method comprising: supporting a frame on rear wheels and on the at least one front flotation wheel for movement along the ground in an operating travel direction, and mounting a plurality of ground engaging tools on the frame substantially equally on each side of a frame axis extending parallel to the operating travel direction; pivotally mounting the at least one front flotation wheel to the frame about a substantially vertical wheel pivot axis; pivotally attaching a hitch tongue at a rear end thereof to a lateral mid-point of a width of the frame about a substantially vertical hitch pivot axis located substantially on the frame axis, and pivotally attaching a front end of the hitch tongue to a tow vehicle drawbar with a substantially vertical drawbar pin; connecting the at least one front wheel to the hitch tongue with a wheel control mechanism configured such that when the hitch tongue is in a neutral position the at least one front wheel is oriented to roll in the operating travel direction, and such that pivotal movement of the at least one front wheel about the wheel pivot axis follows pivotal movement of the hitch tongue about the hitch pivot axis; operating the tow vehicle to tow the frame along a field surface in a substantially straight line with the ground engaging tools penetrating the field surface and with the hitch tongue secured in the neutral position about the hitch pivot axis, the neutral position selected to place the hitch tongue in a desired operating orientation with respect to the frame; exerting a bias force on the hitch tongue resisting movement of the hitch tongue away from the neutral position, the bias force selected such that when operating the tow vehicle to tow the frame in a substantially straight line along a field surface with the ground engaging tools penetrating the field surface the hitch tongue is secured in the neutral position, and when the tow vehicle is turned the hitch tongue pivots about the hitch pivot axis against the bias force.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the bias force is exerted by a pivot restraint mechanism when the pivot restraint mechanism is in a restraint mode, and wherein no bias force is exerted on the hitch tongue when the pivot restraint mechanism is in a release mode, and comprising operating the pivot restraint mechanism in the restraint mode when turns are in a first range of turn degree, and operating the pivot restraint mechanism in the release mode when turns are in a second range of turn degree.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

(1) While the invention is claimed in the concluding portions hereof, preferred embodiments are provided in the accompanying detailed description which may be best understood in conjunction with the accompanying diagrams where like parts in each of the several diagrams are labeled with like numbers, and where:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of an agricultural implement apparatus where the front flotation wheels are castering wheels and the wheel control mechanism is provided by control arms;

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an alternate embodiment of an agricultural implement apparatus as disclosed herein where the front flotation wheels are mounted about a vertical wheel pivot axis located directly above the rotational axes of the front flotation wheels, and where the wheel control mechanism is provided by control arms;

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of an alternate embodiment of an agricultural implement apparatus where the front flotation wheels are mounted about a vertical wheel pivot axis located directly above the rotational axes of the front flotation wheels, and where the wheel control mechanism is provided by connected hydraulic cylinders;

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the embodiment of FIG. 3 with the hitch tongue in a leftward turning position, and the front flotation wheels turned to the left;

(6) FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an agricultural implement apparatus;

(7) FIG. 6 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 5 with the hitch tongue in a leftward turning position;

(8) FIG. 7 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 5 with the hitch tongue in the neutral position and with a pivot restraint mechanism installed and in the release position;

(9) FIG. 8 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 7 with the hitch tongue in the neutral position and with the pivot restraint mechanism in the restraint position;

(10) FIG. 9 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 7 with the hitch tongue in a leftward turning position and with the pivot restraint mechanism in the release position;

(11) FIG. 10 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 5 with the outboard castering front wheels replaced by much larger outboard front wheels with a controlled rolling orientation;

(12) FIG. 11 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 10 with the hitch tongue in a leftward turning position, and the flotation front wheels and controlled flotation outboard front wheels oriented to roll to the left;

(13) FIG. 12 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 10 with a pivot restraint mechanism installed and in the release position and with the hitch tongue in the neutral position and the controlled flotation front wheels and controlled flotation outboard front wheels oriented to roll in the operating travel direction;

(14) FIG. 13 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 10 with the pivot restraint mechanism in the restraint position with the hitch tongue in the neutral position;

(15) FIG. 14 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 10 with the pivot restraint mechanism in the release position and with the hitch tongue in a leftward turning position and the controlled flotation front wheels and controlled flotation outboard front wheels oriented to roll to the left;

(16) FIG. 15 schematically illustrates skewing of the implement frame about the hitch pivot axis;

(17) FIG. 16 schematically illustrates skewing of the implement frame about the drawbar pivot axis;

(18) FIG. 17 schematically illustrates a basic embodiment of a pivot restraint mechanism that is provided by a lock pin movable from a locked position, engaging the hitch tongue and the frame in the neutral position, to an unlocked position releasing the hitch tongue to pivot freely.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(19) FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of an agricultural implement apparatus 1. The apparatus 1 comprises a frame 3 supported for movement along the ground in an operating travel direction T on rear wheels 5, right and left outboard castering front wheels 7, and right and left controlled flotation front wheels 9. A plurality of ground engaging tools 11, for example the furrow openers of an air seeder or cultivator shanks, are mounted on the frame 3 substantially equally on each side of a frame axis FA extending parallel to the operating travel direction. The rear wheels 5 are fixed to the frame such that rotational axes thereof are perpendicular to the operating travel direction T. The right and left outboard castering front wheels 7 pivot freely about substantially vertical caster axes CA.

(20) Front flotation wheels 9 are illustrated as the conventional castering type wheels pivotally mounted to the frame 3 on wheel arms 13 about substantially vertical wheel pivot axes provided by caster axes CA located forward of the rotational axes RA of the flotation wheels 9, however the front flotation wheels 9 have a diameter that is about twice the diameter of the rear wheels 5 and outboard castering front wheels 7 and are much wider as well. The smaller wheels 5 and 7 are shown as dual wheel assemblies, with two side by side wheels instead of the single large diameter front flotation wheel 9, however the larger single wheel does provide increased floatation compared to the smaller diameter dual wheels.

(21) A hitch tongue 15 has a rear end pivotally attached to a lateral mid-point of the frame, located substantially on the frame axis FA, about a substantially vertical hitch pivot axis HPA, and has a front end adapted for pivotal attachment to the drawbar 17 of a tractor or like towing vehicle by a substantially vertical drawbar pin 19 which provides a substantially vertical drawbar pivot axis DPA.

(22) A wheel control mechanism 21 connects the front flotation wheels 9 to the hitch tongue 15 such that pivotal movement of the front flotation wheels 9 about the caster axes CA follows pivotal movement of the hitch tongue 15 about the hitch pivot axis HPA. The wheel control mechanism 21 is configured such that when the hitch tongue 15 is in a neutral position NP aligned with the frame axis FA, the front flotation wheels 9 are oriented to roll in the operating travel direction T, and pivoting the hitch tongue 15 about the hitch pivot axis HPA away from the neutral position NP causes the front flotation wheels 9 to pivot about the caster axes CA, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 where moving the hitch 15 to the left, as in making a left turn, turns the rolling orientation of the front flotation wheels 9 to the left to follow the left turn.

(23) In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the wheel control mechanism 21 is provided by right and left control arms 22 connect corresponding right and left flotation front wheels 9 to the hitch tongue 15 at a control axis CTA forward of the hitch pivot axis HPA. The right and left control arms 22 are configured such that pivoting the hitch tongue 15 about the hitch pivot axis HPA away from the neutral position NP causes the right and left flotation front wheels 9 to pivot about the corresponding caster axes CA such that front edges of the right and left flotation front wheels 9 move in the same direction as the hitch tongue 15, substantially as illustrated in FIG. 2. When the hitch tongue 15 is in the neutral position NP the right and left front flotation wheels 9 are oriented to roll in the operating travel direction T.

(24) Thus the rolling orientation of the front flotation wheels 9 is controlled by the position of the hitch tongue 15. When the hitch tongue 15 moves laterally during a turn, the front flotation wheels 9 turn in the same direction.

(25) It can be seen in FIG. 1 that when the castering front flotation wheels 9 pivot about the caster axes CA, the clear envelope required for movement of the front flotation wheels 9 about the caster axes CA must be large enough to accommodate the distance from the caster axis CA to the rear edge of the wheel 9. The wheel 9 is offset rearward from the caster axis CA and so the entire width of the wheel 9 must move toward the forward extending hitch section 3H of the frame 3.

(26) FIG. 2 therefore schematically shows a more advantageous embodiment of an agricultural implement apparatus 1 where the front flotation wheels 9 are pivotally mounted to the frame 3 about substantially vertical wheel pivot axes WPA located directly above the rotational axes RA of the flotation wheels 9. Since pivotal movement of the front flotation wheels 9 is controlled, the castering configuration is not required. The wheel control mechanism 21 is again provided by right and left control arms 22 substantially the same as in FIG. 1 that connect corresponding right and left flotation front wheels 9 to the hitch tongue 15 at the control axis CTA forward of the hitch pivot axis HPA.

(27) Thus in the apparatus 1 of FIG. 2, when the front flotation wheels 9 pivot about the wheel pivot axes WPA, the clear envelope required for pivotal movement of the front flotation wheels 9 is reduced compared to the castering front flotation wheels 9 of FIG. 1. The wheel 9 is not offset rearward from the wheel pivot axis as in FIG. 1, and so only one half the width of the wheel 9 moves toward the forward extending hitch section 3H of the frame 3, and the wheel arms 13 can be located closer to the forward extending hitch section 3H of the frame 3. It is contemplated that it may be desirable to shorten the wheel arms 13 further and move the wheel pivot axis WPA behind the rotational axis RA of the front flotation wheels 9.

(28) FIGS. 3 and 4 schematically illustrate a further alternate agricultural implement apparatus 1 where the front flotation wheels 9 are mounted on wheel pivot axes WPA above the rotational axes RA of the wheels 9, the same as in the apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 2, but in the illustrated apparatus 1, the wheel control mechanism 21 is provided by hydraulic cylinders. A left pair of control hydraulic cylinders 24 comprises a first hydraulic cylinder 24A connected to the hitch tongue 15 and to the frame 3, and a second hydraulic cylinder 24B connected to the frame 3 and to the left front flotation wheel 9L. Chambers of the first and second hydraulic cylinders 24A, 24B are connected or slaved such that movement of the hitch tongue 15 away from the neutral position NP shown in FIG. 3 moves hydraulic fluid from the first hydraulic cylinder 24A into the second hydraulic cylinder 24B to pivot the left front flotation wheel 91 about the wheel pivot axis WPA in the direction moved by the hitch tongue 15.

(29) In the apparatus 1 illustrated in FIG. 3 the hitch tongue 15 extends rearward of the hitch pivot axis HPA and the first hydraulic cylinder 24A of the left pair of control hydraulic cylinders 24 is connected to the hitch tongue 15 rearward of the hitch pivot axis HPA and on the side of the hitch tongue 15 opposite the left front flotation wheels 9L. Thus when the hitch tongue 15 moves to the left, the first hydraulic cylinder 24A extends and hydraulic fluid is pushed into the second hydraulic cylinder 24B which retracts and turns the left front flotation wheel 9L to the left, as illustrated in FIG. 4

(30) In the same manner a right pair of control hydraulic cylinders 25 comprises a first hydraulic cylinder 25A connected to the hitch tongue 15 rearward of the hitch pivot axis HPA and to the frame 3, and a second hydraulic cylinder 25B connected to the frame 3 and to the right front flotation wheel 9R. Chambers of the first and second hydraulic cylinders 25A, 25B are connected such that movement of the hitch tongue 15 away from the neutral position NP moves hydraulic fluid from the first hydraulic cylinder 25A into the second hydraulic cylinder 25B to pivot the right front flotation wheel 9R in the direction moved by the hitch tongue 15.

(31) FIGS. 5-9 schematically illustrate an alternate embodiment of an agricultural implement apparatus 101. The apparatus 101 comprises a frame 103 supported for movement along the ground in an operating travel direction T on rear wheels 105, right and left outboard castering front wheels 107, and right and left controlled flotation front wheels 109. A plurality of ground engaging tools 111, for example the furrow openers of an air seeder or cultivator shanks, are mounted on the frame 103 substantially equally on each side of a frame axis FA extending parallel to the operating travel direction. The rear wheels 105 are fixed to the frame such that rotational axes thereof are perpendicular to the operating travel direction T. The right and left outboard castering front wheels 107 pivot freely about substantially vertical caster axes CA.

(32) The frame 103 comprises a forward extending hitch section 103H and an axle member 113 is mounted at a front end of the hitch section 103H substantially perpendicular to the operating travel direction T and in a center of a width of the frame 103. It is contemplated that in large implements, the axle member 113 will be fixed with respect to the frame, and essentially form part of the frame. The right and left flotation front wheels 109 are pivotally mounted to the frame 103 by mounting same on corresponding right and left ends of the axle member 113 about substantially vertical right and left wheel pivot axes WPA. The axle member 113 is substantially aligned with rotational axes of the right and left flotation front wheels 109 when the flotation front wheels 109 are rolling in the operating travel direction T.

(33) It can be seen that the flotation front wheels 109 have a much larger diameter as well as width than the outboard castering front wheels 107 and thus provide significantly improved flotation for the center front portion of the frame 103. It is contemplated that the front flotation wheels will have a diameter of greater than about four feet, substantially larger than conventional castering front wheels which are typically up to about 40 inches in diameter, and in this description the term flotation wheel generally refers to a wheel much larger than conventional implement wheels, and in particular to wheels with a diameter greater than about four feet.

(34) A hitch tongue 115 has a rear end pivotally attached to a lateral mid-point of the frame about a substantially vertical hitch pivot axis HPA, and has a front end adapted for pivotal attachment to the drawbar 117 of a tractor or like towing vehicle by a substantially vertical drawbar pin 119 which provides a substantially vertical drawbar pivot axis DPA.

(35) The wheel control mechanism 123 is provided by right and left control arms 122 connecting corresponding right and left flotation front wheels 109 to the hitch tongue 115 at a control axis CTA forward of the hitch pivot axis HPA. The right and left control arms 22 are configured such that pivoting the hitch tongue 115 about the hitch pivot axis HPA away from the neutral position NP shown in FIG. 7, aligned with the frame axis FA, causes the right and left flotation front wheels 109 to pivot about the corresponding right and left wheel pivot axes WPA such that front edges of the right and left flotation front wheels 109 move in the same direction as the hitch tongue 115, substantially as illustrated in FIG. 6. When the hitch tongue 115 is in the neutral position NP the right and left front flotation wheels 109 are oriented to roll in the operating travel direction T.

(36) Thus the rolling orientation of the front flotation wheels 109 is controlled by the position of the hitch tongue 115. When the hitch tongue 115 moves laterally during a turn, the front flotation wheels 109 follow and turn in the same direction.

(37) To allow the hitch tongue 115 to float to follow the ground, the hitch tongue 115 will typically comprise a rear tongue section 115R pivotally attached to the frame about the substantially vertical hitch pivot axis HPA and a front tongue section 115F pivotally attached to the rear tongue 115R section about a substantially horizontal tongue section axis TA, as illustrated in FIG. 7. For clarity of illustration of the principles of operation of the disclosed embodiments these features are not shown on the other drawings.

(38) The frame 103 and hitch tongue 115 are configured such that when the hitch tongue 115 is in a neutral position NP with respect to the hitch pivot axis, as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, the hitch tongue 115 is in a desired operating orientation with respect to the frame 103, aligned with the frame axis as shown in FIG. 7.

(39) Especially in minimum tillage agricultural operations that are popular today, there is considerable plant residue left on field soil surfaces where agricultural implements are used. Soil and plant residue are disturbed by the ground engaging tools, and must flow around the tool as it moves through the soil. To provide room for soil and residue to flow around the ground engaging tools, the tools are mounted to the frame in a number of generally parallel rows that are spaced apart from the front of the frame to the rear of the frame. The frame 103 of the illustrated apparatus 101 therefore comprises parallel members 103P spaced from the front to the rear of the frame, and the ground engaging tools 111 are spaced along the parallel members 103P, with equal numbers on each side of the frame axis FA. Thus the ground engaging tools 111 on each row are separated by a distance equal to three times the row spacing, providing ample room for soil and plant residue to flow between the tools 111 on each row.

(40) When the frame 103, and thus parallel members 103P, are oriented perpendicular to the operating travel direction T, the ground engaging tools 111 engage the ground at substantially equally spaced furrows 111F. This then is the desired orientation of the frame 103, and when the hitch tongue 115 is in the neutral position, it extends forward from the hitch pivot axis HPA in the center of the width of the frame 103 at the frame axis FA, parallel to the operating travel direction T and aligned with the frame axis FA, and perpendicular to the parallel members 103P of the frame.

(41) During operation, due to soil conditions, slopes, and the like, one side of the frame 103 is often subjected to drag forces that are greater or less than those on the other side so that one side drags back and the frame 103 pivots about the drawbar pin axis DPA and moves along the field at some angle that is not perpendicular to the operating travel direction T. This is commonly called a skewed orientation and is undesirable since as the frame 103 skews, the furrows in the soil move from an equal spacing to an unequal spacing.

(42) Where considerable weight is carried on the implement frame, such as in some air seeders where agricultural products are carried on the frame, skewing is not such a significant problem, as the weight on the wheels increases the drag force required to cause the frame to skew. In other common air seeders where the agricultural products are carried on a separate cart, skewing can be more problematic. In such air seeders, to reduce skewing a pivot restraint mechanism 126 can be provided that is selectively operative to secure the hitch tongue 115 in the neutral position NP as illustrated in FIGS. 7-8.

(43) The desired equally spaced furrows 111F are provided when the frame 103 is perpendicular to the operating travel direction T. Unequal forces on the right and left sides of the frame 103 result in a net force K, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, which will cause the frame 103 to skew, where one side of the frame moves backward and the other side moves forward. In a conventional hitch assembly, the hitch tongue is fixed perpendicular to the frame and the frame thus pivots about the drawbar pivot axis at the front of the hitch tongue.

(44) However in order to provide control of the rolling orientation of the front wheels, the hitch tongue 115 of the present apparatus 101 must be able pivot at the hitch pivot axis HPA much closer to the frame. In that case when the frame 103 skews or pivots in response to unequal forces, the front end of the frame 103 will move through an arc AF with a center at the hitch pivot axis HPA, and the rear end of the frame 103 will move through an arc AR with a center at the hitch pivot axis HPA, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 15. It can be seen that, for any given degree of skew, ground engaging tools along the rear of the frame 103 will move laterally much farther than those on the front end of the frame 103, and the furrow spacing will be impaired with only a relatively small degree of skewing. It is generally accepted that maximum crop yields are attained when plants are evenly spread across the field, so the unequal spacing of furrow openers on air seeders caused by implement skewing is undesirable.

(45) With the pivot restraint mechanism 126 securing the hitch tongue 115 in the neutral position, the frame 103 will pivot about the vertical drawbar pivot axis DPA at the front of the hitch tongue 115, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 16. Then when the frame 103 skews in response to unequal forces, the front end of the frame 103 will move through an arc AF with a center at the drawbar pivot axis DPA, and the rear end of the frame 103 will move through an arc AR with a center at the drawbar pivot axis DPA. Relative lateral movement of the ground engaging tools on the front and rear ends of the frame 103 is much reduced, and impairment of the furrow spacing is reduced. Thus the pivot restraint mechanism 126 can be operated to engage the hitch tongue 115 and when the implement apparatus 101 is moving generally straight in the operating travel direction T, and then to disengage the hitch tongue 115 and allow same to pivot about the hitch pivot axis HPA when it is desired to turn the front flotation wheels 109, such as during a sharper turn.

(46) In a very basic embodiment, such as is schematically illustrated in FIG. 17, a pivot restraint mechanism 126 could be provided by a lock pin 127 movable from a locked position LP, illustrated in phantom lines, engaging the hitch tongue 115 and the frame 103 through holes in each and thus securing the hitch tongue 115 in the neutral position, to an unlocked position ULP where the lock pin 127 is disengaged from the holes in the hitch tongue 115 and the frame 103, and a control 128 selectively operative to activate pin actuators 129 to move the pin 127 to one of the locked position LP and the unlocked position ULP.

(47) More conveniently, the pivot restraint mechanism 126 illustrated in FIGS. 7-9 comprises right and left extendable actuators 131 connected between the frame 103 and hitch tongue 115.

(48) The right extendable actuator 131R is movable from a restraint position illustrated in FIG. 8, resisting rightward pivotal movement of the hitch tongue 115 away from the neutral position NP, to a release position illustrated in FIG. 7 where the hitch tongue 115 is free to move rightward away from the neutral position NP. Similarly the left extendable actuator 131L is movable from a restraint position illustrated in FIG. 8, resisting leftward pivotal movement of the hitch tongue 15 away from the neutral position NP, to a release position illustrated in FIG. 7 where the hitch tongue 115 is free to move leftward away from the neutral position 15.

(49) The extendable actuators 131 are provided in the illustrated apparatus 101 by right and left hydraulic cylinders 131R, 131L. The right and left hydraulic cylinders 131R, 131L are configured to be fully extended when in the restraint position of FIG. 8 with the hitch tongue 115 in the neutral position, and are operated as bias elements operative to exert a bias force BF resisting movement of the hitch tongue 115 away from the neutral position NP. An active hydraulic source 133 is connected to the right and left hydraulic cylinders 131R, 131L through a hydraulic control 135 as schematically illustrated in FIG. 8 only. The hydraulic control 135 is operative to move the hydraulic cylinders between the restraint position of FIG. 8 and the release position of FIG. 7. Being fully extended in the restraint position, the hydraulic cylinders 131 in that position do not exert any force against the hitch tongue, but movement away from the neutral position tends to cause one of the hydraulic cylinders to retract and the bias force BF is then exerted to resist retraction. It is also contemplated that hydraulic cylinders could instead be configured to be fully retracted when in the restraint position and exert the bias force when a force is exerted to extend the hydraulic cylinders.

(50) When the hydraulic cylinders 131 are in the restraint position, pressurized hydraulic fluid at an active pressure from the active hydraulic source 133 is directed into the hydraulic cylinders 131 to exert the bias force BF, and the active hydraulic source 133 is operative to allow pressurized hydraulic fluid to pass out of the hydraulic cylinders 131 when a hitch force HF exerted on the hitch tongue 115 in a direction away from the neutral position NP exceeds the bias force BF, such that the hitch tongue 115 moves away from the neutral position NP against the bias force BF.

(51) By this arrangement, movement of the hitch tongue 115 and thus pivoting of the front flotation wheels 109 is possible when the towing vehicle makes a turn that exerts a sufficiently large hitch force HF to overcome the bias force BF. It is contemplated that the uneven forces that cause skewing will pivot the hitch tongue 115 about the drawbar pivot axis DPA and will not generally be sufficiently large to overcome the bias force BF and move the hitch tongue 115 from the neutral position NP. Thus the desired operation with the hitch tongue 115 in the neutral position NP will be maintained until the greater hitch forces HF generated during a turn are encountered.

(52) Ideally to maintain equal furrow spacing it is desirable to drive across a field in straight lines, making a 180 degree turn at each end. Field shapes however are not always amenable to travelling in a straight line and some curves and turns of greater or lesser degree are a common part of farm implement operations. The pressure control 135 is also operative to adjust the active pressure to adjust the bias force BF to allow movement of the hitch tongue 115, and thus turning of the front flotation wheels 109, at a selected hitch force. Thus the bias force BF can be adjusted so that in a gentle turn, the hitch tongue is maintained in the neutral position NP, while in a sharper turn the hitch tongue 115 can move away from the neutral position NP and turn the implement apparatus 101.

(53) In the pivot restraint mechanism 126 of the illustrated apparatus 101, each of the right and left hydraulic cylinders 131 is pivotally connected at a rear end thereof to the forward extending hitch section 103H of the frame 103 and at a front end thereof to a first end 137A of a link member 137. The opposite second end 37B of the link member 137 is pivotally connected to the hitch tongue 115. Moving the hydraulic cylinders 131 to the restraint position by directing pressurized hydraulic fluid into the hydraulic cylinders 131 such that the hydraulic cylinders 131 extend moves the first ends 137A of the link members 137 against the hitch tongue 115, as shown in FIG. 8, and shifts the hitch tongue 115 to the neutral position NP. When the hydraulic cylinders 131 are fully extended, the first ends 137A of the link members 137 are positioned closely adjacent each side of the hitch tongue 115, and secure the hitch tongue 115 in the neutral position.

(54) Moving the hydraulic cylinders to the release position moves the first ends 137A of the link members 137 away from the hitch tongue 115 as shown in FIG. 7. The hydraulic cylinders 131 are fully extended when in the restraint position and also fully retracted when in the release position of FIG. 7. The hydraulic cylinders 131 and link members 137 are configured such that when the hydraulic cylinders 131 are in the release position and the hitch tongue pivots leftward to a selected maximum degree from the neutral position NP, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the first end 137A of the left link member 137L connected to the left hydraulic cylinder 131L bears against the hitch tongue 115 and prevents pivotal movement of the hitch tongue 115 beyond the selected maximum degree shown in FIG. 9. Rightward movement of the hitch tongue 115 is similarly limited.

(55) The hydraulic control 135 acts as a pivot control selectively operative to move the pivot restraint mechanism 126 from a restraint mode, where the hitch tongue 115 is secured in the neutral position, to a release mode where the hitch tongue 115 is free to pivot about the hitch pivot axis HPA. A tool control 139 is selectively operative to raise and lower the ground engaging tools 111 with respect to the frame 103. Conveniently the hydraulic pivot control 135 is operatively connected to the tool control 139 such that when the ground engaging tools 111 are raised, the hydraulic pivot control 135 moves the pivot restraint mechanism 126 to the release mode, and when the ground engaging tools 111 are lowered, the hydraulic pivot control 135 moves the pivot restraint mechanism 126 to the restraint mode. When making straight passes back and forth across a field, the ground engaging tools 111 are typically raised at the end of each pass to facilitate making the 180 degree turn. With this arrangement, when the ground engaging tools are raised, the pivot restraint mechanism 126 automatically releases the hitch tongue to pivot and provide pivotal movement of the front flotation wheels 109.

(56) The implement apparatus 1 will typically include a transport control 141 selectively operative to move the frame 103 to a transport position by raising the wings 103W to an upright position. It is contemplated that in most applications, when travelling in the transport position the pivot restraint mechanism 126 will be in the release mode so that the towing tractor can maintain steering control of a heavy implement. This is also desirable when making a sharp turn, such as from the road into a field approach.

(57) FIGS. 10-14 schematically illustrate a version of the implement apparatus 101 where the outboard castering front wheels 107 of FIGS. 1-5 are replaced by right and left controlled outboard front wheels 143 of the same larger size as the central front flotation wheels 109 which provide significantly improved flotation for the outer front portions of the frame 103. The pivot restraint mechanism 126 as described above is added to the implement apparatus 101 in FIGS. 12-14.

(58) The controlled outboard front wheels 143 are mounted to the frame 103 about substantially vertical wheel pivot axes WPA, and a control linkage connects the right and left controlled outboard front wheels 143 to the hitch tongue 115 such that moving the hitch tongue 115 away from the neutral position NP in a selected direction turns the controlled outboard front wheels 143 in the selected direction. In the illustrated apparatus 101, the rotational axes RA of the front flotation wheels 109 and the controlled outboard front wheels 143 are substantially aligned when the wheels 109, 143 are oriented to roll in the operating travel direction T as shown in FIG. 10. Thus the central and outer portions of the front of the frame 103 are supported along the aligned rotational axes RA, and the separation distance between the outboard front wheels 143 and the rear wheels 105 is increased somewhat to provide the larger diameter flotation wheels 143.

(59) To provide a smooth turn, the control linkage is configured such that moving the hitch tongue 115 to a selected maximum degree from the neutral position, as illustrated in FIG. 11, pivots the right and left controlled front flotation wheels 109 and the right and left controlled outboard front wheels 143 about their respective vertical wheel pivot axes WPA such that rotational axes RA of the right and left front flotation wheels 109 and the right and left controlled outboard front wheels 143 intersect generally at a desired turning axis E. FIGS. 7 and 9 show a similarly located turning axis E, where the outboard front wheels are castering wheels 107 pivoting about vertical caster axes CA.

(60) In the illustrated apparatus 101, the control linkage for the controlled outboard front wheels 143 comprises a right pair of control hydraulic cylinders 145 comprising a first hydraulic cylinder 145A connected to the hitch tongue 115 and to the frame 103 at the forward extending hitch section 103H thereof, and a second hydraulic cylinder 145B connected to the frame 103 and to the right controlled outboard front wheel 143R. Chambers of the first and second hydraulic cylinders 145A, 145B are connected or slaved such that movement of the hitch tongue 115 away from the neutral position NP of FIG. 10 toward the turned position of FIG. 11 moves hydraulic fluid from the first hydraulic cylinder 145A into the second hydraulic cylinder 145B to pivot the right controlled outboard front wheel 143R and pivot same in the direction moved by the hitch tongue 15.

(61) The hitch tongue 115 extends rearward of the hitch pivot axis HPA and the first hydraulic cylinder 145A of the right pair of control hydraulic cylinders 145 is connected to the hitch tongue 115 rearward of the hitch pivot axis HPA and on the side of the hitch tongue 115 opposite the right controlled outboard front wheel 143R. Thus as can be seen in figures, when the hitch tongue moves to the left as in FIG. 11, the first hydraulic cylinder 145A retracts and hydraulic fluid is pushed into the second hydraulic cylinder 145B which extends and turns the right controlled outboard front wheel 143R to the left.

(62) In the same manner a left pair of control hydraulic cylinders 147 comprises a first hydraulic cylinder 147A connected to the hitch tongue 115 rearward of the hitch pivot axis HPA and to the frame 103, and a second hydraulic cylinder 147B connected to the frame 103 and to the left controlled outboard front wheel 143L, wherein chambers of the first and second hydraulic cylinders 147A, 147B are connected such that movement of the hitch tongue 115 away from the neutral position NP moves hydraulic fluid from the first hydraulic cylinder 147A into the second hydraulic cylinder 147B to turn the left controlled outboard front wheel 143L in the direction moved by the hitch tongue 115.

(63) The disclosed devices thus provide controlled pivoting and turning of the front wheels of an agricultural implement that allows for the use of substantially larger diameter front wheels to increase flotation support and reduce the tendency of the front end of such implements to sink into soft soil, thus allowing the implement to operate on soft soil where the wheels of conventional implements would sink and the implement would be stuck and unable to work. Increased flotation also improves depth control, decreases draft, and reduces ruts that adversely affect subsequent field operations such as harvesting. Controlled pivoting of the front wheels also reduces stresses on the implement during turns.

(64) The disclosed devices thus provide a method of controlling the rolling orientation of at least one front flotation wheels of an agricultural implement 1. The method comprises supporting a frame on front and rear wheels 5, 7, 9 for movement along the ground in an operating travel direction T, and mounting a plurality of ground engaging tools 11 on the frame 3; pivotally mounting front flotation wheels 9 to the frame 3 about vertical wheel pivot axes WP; pivotally attaching a hitch tongue 15 to a mid-point of a width of the frame 3 about a substantially vertical hitch pivot axis HPA, and pivotally attaching a front end of the hitch tongue 15 to a to tow vehicle drawbar 17 with a substantially vertical drawbar pin 19; connecting the front flotation wheels 9 to the hitch tongue 15 with a wheel control mechanism comprising control arms 22 or control hydraulic cylinders 24 configured such that when the hitch tongue 15 is in a neutral position NP the front flotation wheels 9 are oriented to roll in the operating travel direction T; operating the tow vehicle to tow the frame 3 along a field surface with the ground engaging tools 11 penetrating the field surface.

(65) The method can further comprise, as illustrated in FIGS. 7-9, operating the tow vehicle to tow the frame 103 along the field surface in a substantially straight line with the hitch tongue 115 secured in the neutral position NP about the hitch pivot axis HPA, the neutral position NP selected to place the hitch tongue 115 in a desired operating orientation with respect to the frame 103; and releasing the hitch tongue 15 from the neutral position NP and turning the tow vehicle such that the hitch tongue 115 pivots about the hitch pivot axis HPA and moves the wheel control mechanism 126 to pivot the front flotation wheels 109 about the wheel pivot axes WPA and turn the frame 103 in the same direction as the tow vehicle.

(66) The method can further comprise exerting a bias force BF on the hitch tongue 115 resisting movement of the hitch tongue 115 away from the neutral position NP, the bias force BF selected such that when operating the tow vehicle to tow the frame 103 in a substantially straight line along a field surface with the ground engaging tools 111 penetrating the field surface the hitch tongue 115 is secured in the neutral position NP, and when the tow vehicle is turned the hitch tongue 115 pivots about the hitch pivot axis HPA against the bias force BF. The bias force BF is exerted by a pivot restraint mechanism 126 when the pivot restraint mechanism 126 is in a restraint mode, and no bias force is exerted on the hitch tongue 115 when the pivot restraint mechanism 126 is in a release mode. The pivot restraint mechanism 126 is operated in the restraint mode when turns are in a first shallow range of turn degree, and the pivot restraint mechanism is operated in the release mode when turns are in a second sharp range of turn degree.

(67) The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous changes and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all such suitable changes or modifications in structure or operation which may be resorted to are intended to fall within the scope of the claimed invention.