Suspension system for a skateboard or other rider platform

Abstract

An undercarriage of a person powered wheeled vehicle and, more particularly, to a cantilevered spring for absorbing shock and vibration is disclosed.

Claims

1. A truck for damping movement of a skateboard, comprising: a generally flat mounting plate portion comprising at least one chamfered hole for use in attaching a truck with a spring to an under surface of a board of a skateboard; a curved portion extending from a first end of said mounting plate portion at a first end of said curved portion and consisting of a single arc of a circle with radius from 0.25 to 1.5 inches: an angled sloping portion extending from its first end at a second end of said curved portion and sloping in the direction of the mounting plate, said angled sloping portion at an angle of 5 to 50 degrees relative to said mounting plate and with a cavity for receiving a kingpin assembly, said kingpin assembly including a flange welded to said spring; a pivot portion, including a tapered pivot pin, extending at an obtuse angle from a second end of said angled sloping portion and consisting of a cavity for receiving a pivot pin; a bushing attached to said flat mounting plate portion for preventing said spring from making contact with said board during use; and a single cantilevered grind plate at a second end of said mounting plate portion; wherein said spring is formed of a metal of at least 0.1 inches in thickness and 2 to 3 inches in width, said metal selected so as to absorb loads of at least 1200 pounds, said spring is arrangeable relative to said skateboard so as to allow at least a portion of said spring to elastically deform so as to absorb impact and to subsequently substantially revert to its original shape, and configurable to attach to one end of a dual axle skateboard so as to damp vibrations and absorb impact forces from use of said skateboard; and said kingpin assembly is attachable so as to be fixed in position in said spring yet floating relative to said mounting plate portion.

2. The spring of claim 1, wherein said metal is high carbon steel.

3. The spring of claim 1, wherein said metal is at least in part titanium.

4. The spring of claim 1, wherein said spring is connected to an axle only though use of a pivot pin.

5. The spring of claim 1, where said bushing is formed of polyurethane.

6. An undercarriage system for a skateboard comprising: a wheel assembly comprising a pivot pin, an axle, and at least one wheel; a kingpin assembly including a kingpin; and a spring comprising one cantilevered grind plate and a bushing for preventing said spring from making contact with a skateboard during use, said spring further comprising: a generally flat mounting plate portion comprising at least one chamfered hole for use in attaching to an under side of the board of a skateboard; a curved portion extending from a first end of said mounting plate portion at a first end of said curved portion and consisting of a single arc of a circle with radius from 0.25 to 1.5 inches; an angled sloping portion extending from its first end at a second end of said curved portion, sloping in the direction of the mounting plate, said angled sloping portion at an angle of 5 to 50 degrees relative to said mounting plate portion and said angled sloping portion including a welded-on flange attached at an end of said kingpin and welded to said spring, said angled sloping portion including a kingpin assembly receiving cavity; and a pivot portion extending at an obtuse angle from a second end of said angled sloping portion and consisting of a cavity receiving a tapered pivot cup pin; wherein said spring is formed of a metal of at least 0.1 inches in thickness and 2 to 3 inches in width, said metal is selected so as to absorb loads of at least 1200 pounds, and said spring is arranged relative to said skateboard so said spring will elastically deform to absorb impact and to subsequently substantially revert to its original shape; said kingpin is fit through said kingpin assembly receiving cavity of said angled sloping portion using spacers and said flange is fixed welded in place to said spring; said wheel assembly is mechanically coupled to said kingpin assembly; and said undercarriage assembly is configurable to attach to a dual axle skateboard.

7. The undercarriage system of claim 6, wherein said kingpin assembly is floating relative to said mounting plate portion.

8. The undercarriage system of claim 6, wherein said metal is high carbon steel.

9. The undercarriage system of claim 6, wherein said metal is at least in part titanium.

10. The undercarriage system of claim 6, wherein the spring of said system is connected to an axle though use of a pivot pin.

11. The undercarriage system of claim 6, where said bushing is formed of polyurethane.

12. The undercarriage system of claim 6, where said system is absent any compression springs beyond the core cantilevered spring.

13. A method for forming a cantilevered spring assembly for a skateboard comprising the steps of: forming a cantilevered metal spring shaped using a jig, said spring consisting of a series of sharp bends, said spring assembly comprising: a generally flat mounting plate portion comprising at least one chamfered hole for use in attaching said spring to an under surface of the board of a skateboard; a curved portion extending from a first end of said mounting plate portion at a first end of said curved portion and consisting of a single arc of a circle with radius from 0.25 to 1.5 inches; an angled sloping portion extending from its first end at a second end of said curved portion and sloping in the direction of the mounting plate, said angled sloping portion at an angle of 5 to 50 degrees relative to said mounting plate and with a cavity for receiving a metal kingpin assembly including a flange at one end of said kingpin; and a metal pivot portion, including a tapered pivot pin, extending at an obtuse angle from a second end of said angled sloping portion and consisting of a cavity for receiving said pivot pin, said pivot portion welded in place; attaching a bushing to said flat mounting plate portion for preventing said spring from making contact with said board during use; and attaching a single cantilevered grind plate at a second end of said mounting plate portion; wherein said metal is at least 0.1 inches in thickness and 2 to 3 inches in width, said metal selected so as to absorb loads of at least 1200 pounds, said spring is arrangeable relative to a skateboard so as to elastically deform to absorb impact and to subsequently substantially revert to its original shape, and configurable to attach to one end of a dual axle skateboard so as to damp vibrations and absorb impact forces from use of said skateboard; and said kingpin assembly is attachable so as to be fixed in position relative to said angled sloping portion and is floating relative to said mounting plate portion.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 depicts a front view of a skateboard truck with a traditional hanger, as would be in the prior art, with axles.

(2) FIG. 2 depicts a side view of the cantilevered spring of the present invention as assembled, for attachment onto a skateboard;

(3) FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the bottom side of a skateboard with the cantilevered spring and other hardware attached thereto;

(4) FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the cantilevered spring of the present invention;

(5) FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the cantilevered spring of the present invention inclusive of hanger; and

(6) FIG. 6 shows a bottom-side view and the placement of holes in the cantilevered spring of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS THE PRESENT INVENTION

(7) The present invention relates generally to a suspension spring 100 (also referred to as a truck) as a part of a support structure for a personal transport device. The spring can be used in conjunction with a variety of devices, including skateboards, longboards, skis, snowboards and the like to extend the life of the device and reduce rider injury. Hereinafter the prevent invention will be described with reference to an embodiment for use with skateboards and longboards. The suspension spring 100 of the present invention includes a generally C- or U-shaped, modified cantilevered body with built in damping that is attachable to a platform of a skateboard, is within the platform or device, or some combination and, through a pivot pin, carries a transverse axle-supporting member (known as a hanger) at its opposite end.

(8) The shape of the device, together with the materials used, and other structural elements, is significant with respect to the present invention and is an improvement over prior designs.

(9) FIG. 1 depicts an example of the cantilevered spring 100 of the present invention, including depicting vertical portion 110, the bent radius, and attachment of a traditional hanger, where the hanger covers, at least in part, an axle. Pivot cup 300 is also shown.

(10) FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a side view of a cantilevered spring 100 of the present invention as assembled, for attachment onto a skateboard 500.

(11) As shown in FIG. 2, spring 100 has five distinct portions: (1) a vertical portion 110; (2) a horizontal portion 120; (3) a curved portion 130; an angled portion 140; and a pivot portion 150. Vertical portion 110 extends from one end of the spring 100 and includes a plurality of holes aligned linearly. Vertical portion 110 is orientated at an angle that is approximately just less than 90 degrees from horizontal portion 120. Horizontal portion 120, which extends at one end from vertical portion 110, also has a plurality cutouts and a plurality of openings for attachment to a skateboard 500. Curved portion 130 extends from another end of horizontal portion 120. Angled portion 140 is a continuation of curved portion 130, is planar, and includes an opening for a kingpin. Pivot portion 150 extends at a bend from angled portion 140 and includes an opening to receive a pivot cup 300.

(12) As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 4, pivot cup 300 is attached at pivot portion 150 by welding the pivot cup 300 at the pivot portion 150, at forward hole 820, with pivot cup bushing 310 in place. However, the pivot cup 300 can be fixed within the opening by any other means that may be known or later becomes known. Also, an assembly is attached at the opening in angled portion 140 including kingpin 200, and top bushing 210 on one side of angled portion 140, and as assembly of bottom bushing 220, and captured nut 250, all placed in socket 240. Kingpin cover 910 is also optionally used to protect the kingpin. Also shown are hanger assembly 700 and axle 710.

(13) The round spring radius formed by the curved portion 130 must be maintained in order to ensure that when the spring 100 is deformed, the pivot cup 300 does not contact the horizontal portion 120 (larger radius=very springy, medium radius=springy, small radius=stiff spring). The angle between the kingpin 200 and the pivot cup 300 is preferably 37.86 for proper steering, although variations of a few degrees may also meet the need, and variation of the angle may be set based on the rider's needs. To maintain a clearance of 0.5 a minimum angle of about 16 degrees is needed to keep the bend from interfering with the pivot cup placement (see FIG. 2). In the preferred method of manufacture, the angle is formed by applying a known bending process to a flat piece of metal.

(14) In a preferred embodiment, the edges of the spring on the radius have been sanded/ground/machined down to a 0.060 inches radius to give a rounded edge which assist in the natural arching of the spring. The preferred range on this radius is 0.030 to 2 inches.

(15) In addition, as is visible on FIG. 2, the present invention includes a front grind plate or vertical portion 110 for use by the rider for facilitating moves such as jumps.

(16) Our device has 1 large chamfered hole where a polyurethane impact bushing snaps/pops into the base of the spring to prevent the metal impact cup from making contact with the wooden platform. Our device has an impact bushing 900, preferably polyurethane, that snaps/pops into place. The bushing aids in retaining longevity for the pivot cup and reduces stress on the spring.

(17) Our device has a fixed metal pivot cup that passes through a hole on the topside of the spring that is welded into place at an angle.

(18) Our device has a fixed flanged kingpin that passes through a hole on the underside of the spring that is welded into place at an angle.

(19) Our spring has a series of sharp bends to achieve the desired angles and is made by bending on a jig that is bolted to a machine to the assigned locations on the flat spring.

(20) FIG. 3 depicts the bottom side of a skateboard 500 with two cantilevered springs 100 and associated wheels and axles attached. Particularly shown in FIG. 3 is the attachment arrangement, including nut 820 and screw 800.

(21) FIG. 4 shows several openings in cantilevered spring 100. Kingpin hole 260 for receiving kingpin 200 and pivot hole 305 for receiving pivot cap 300 are shown in angled portion 140 and pivot portion 150 respectively. Also shown are screw holes 830 for receiving screws 800 for attaching spring 100 to skateboard 500. Horizontal portion 120 includes several holes which are sized and positioned for preferred damping in spring 100. In particular, center hole 600 (inside bushing 900) is sized for receiving pivot cup 300 when spring 100 is flexed for damping.

(22) FIG. 5 provides a bottom side view of spring 100, including screw holes 830, center hole 600, and pivot hole 305. Of particular note in FIG. 5 is spring extension 880, where the metal of the present invention extends circumferentially around each screw hole 830. In this embodiment, the extended metal provides additional damping capability. As shown, center hole 600 is somewhat round shaped.

(23) The rear mounting holes closest to the radius of the spring are chamfered.

(24) FIG. 6 depicts a rear looking view of the spring of the present invention.

(25) To start, in a preferred embodiment, each spring is comprised of metal nominally of up to 0.5 inches in thickness and 2 to 3 inches in width, which is bent to shape. The radius of the primary curve of the U shaped suspension spring design which generally impacts the compression of the spring can be varied by making a spring thicker or thinner from material thickness preferably ranging from 0.100 to 0.187 inches to change the amount of resistance, based, for example, on the skateboard rider's preference. In the preferred embodiment, the spring has an effective angle of 40 degrees, with a preferred range of 30 to 50 degrees. The suspension spring is designed with an alignment mechanism that functions to maintain and control the skateboard steering by way of tightening or loosening the bushings of the pivot pin for the axle carrying member. The suspension spring mechanism is intended to progressively increase suspension resistance as forces acting on the spring increase by deforming elastically in a plurality of directions, and subsequently reverting to its original shape upon release of forces. Because of the materials used and the shape of the cantilevered spring, together with hole placement, the spring of the present invention allows a rider to turn and to provide force, such as by jumping, without concern for spring or axle breakage or reduction in absorption. The characteristics of the present invention, including material used, dimensions, and hole placement, extend the life of the spring and preclude spring breakage.

(26) The spring of the present invention is particularly conducive to accepting high compression forces. In laboratory environments of the present invention, continuous loads of up to more than 1200 lbs. of force compressing the spring 100 for extended periods of time have been applied with great success. Failure has been observed only after about 50,000 continuous hits in a row with 1200 lbs. of pressure.

(27) The shock absorption of spring 100 and its associated assemblies enable the rider to ride longer without experiencing such fatigue. Essentially the spring 100 helps to alleviate the repercussions of the blunt force from landing, riding, and jumping sustained throughout a rider's ride and, by extension, career, allowing for not only a more comfortable ride, but ultimately a safer one.

(28) Some of the shock absorption and steering control is accomplished through use of a device called a pedestal. The pedestal captures and holds in place the nut that aligns and assembles the bushings and the tension bolt, also referred to as the Kingpin. By removing the nut, alternate hardware can be inserted. The pedestal also attaches to the mounting plate so as to prevent slippage in the undercarriage. When assembled, the pedestal absorbs the shock of forces generated.

(29) In one embodiment, the spring is formed of a rigid material such as but not limited to titanium and, when a force is applied, the force is transmitted to the axle. The spring prevents the axle from breaking by absorbing the force through its material and design. In part, the spring temporarily deforms when accepting the force, and due to the materials used and the curvature, together with the structural element placemente.g., the kingpinreverts to its original shape subsequent to the impact. Often, in prior designs, typically a break occurs while the rider is moving at a high rate of speed and as the rider may be attempting or landing a jump, such as due to impact on lift or landing. These axle failures can be the direct cause of significant injury.

(30) The built-in damping is consequential to both the shape of the spring 100 and the location of holes, as well as to the material and dimensions of the spring 100. The modified cantilever suspension spring 100 may be formed of a hard metal, preferably high carbon steel (such as but not limited to 1074 spring steel), titanium or another metal or composite that can withstand such a load. In one embodiment, the spring 100 is machine stamped and rolled then heat treated and tempered to achieve the desired Rockwell hardness. Holes are then drilled in positions identified as best for shock absorption, energy distribution, and metal integrity. In the preferred embodiment, the holes are formed by stamping process, water, or laser puncture so as to limit the possibility of cracking or breaking at the hole locations.

(31) Further benefits of the present invention include extended life of the bushings. Benefits in riding include the reduction in board wobble, which itself results in better control of the board during jumps and at other times. The lack of wobble allows a board and rider to stay closer together, with-out a vibration effect of the board on the rider.

(32) In laboratory-based testing of the present invention with a variety of riders, riders who have served as third party testers clearly favor the present design over prior designs. Riders interviewed after use have said:

(33) it dampens vibration while maintaining directional control

(34) parabolic angles of the kingpin change when applying downward force to spring when turning hard into bowl which assists in sharper turns when pumping in bowls

(35) when popping out of a bowl on coping you do not notice the drag of the coping that slows you down because of the give from compression of the spring

(36) when you do a kick flip the board lifts and stays with your feet instead of sagging downward

(37) dropped 10 feet off a ledge and felt like going off a curb

(38) manuals are better and can go on forever

(39) locks onto coping better than other trucks because of the steel nose grind plate

(40) pop out of bowls higher than ever like 3 feet higher

(41) this is going to change skateboarding forever

(42) boards do not seem to break as easy as they did before

(43) when landing, the eyes can stay focused because of softer landings

(44) 6 to 16 higher when I Ollie

(45) absorbs anywhere from 20% to 90% of the impact when landing (depends on height)

(46) carve into bowls extremely fast like a !ambo and can pump out like crazy which gives extra height off the top of the bowl

(47) speed wobble is completely gone, no wobble at all when going 45 mph down a hill

(48) you can land the hard tricks when it looks like you can't because of the give from the suspension

(49) when landing, the skateboard does not slide as much out due to the spring

(50) board retains pop like new even after a year of daily riding

(51) skate shoes seem like they last forever instead of 2 to 3 months

(52) you can skate longer and harder with less fatigue because of the suspension

(53) took 5 minutes to get used to it

(54) when landing 10 feet from a ledge it feels like 3 stairs

(55) you do not get all the pain on your body from landing like you did before because of the suspension

(56) can lock onto a curb/box/rail better because the nose on the front of the truck. There is more space to lock in with this design compared to the small aluminum block on normal trucks

(57) the ride is quiet

(58) bushings don't wear out

(59) it rides smoother, feels like glass.

(60) no vibrations through the feet.

(61) FIG. 5 shows another perspective view of the cantilevered spring 100 of the present invention and depicts a plurality of holes in the spring 100. The placement and size of the holes serve at least two purposes. First, by having an expanse of holes, material is eliminated. The elimination of material serves to reduce overall weight, so as to make handling of the assembled skateboard 500 easier and to also reduce applicable force. Second, the hole placement improves the ability of the spring 100 to absorb shock and impact, so as to allow the device to flex in ways otherwise not available. Still further, the placement of the holes, affords structural integrity to the spring 100. The holes as shown are in preferred sizes and locations. Other combinations of holes might alternatively be used as well. Center hole 600 is particularly significant in that it is positioned and sized so as not to preclude movement of the kingpin and associated array during spring deformation.

(62) Further benefits of the present invention include improved performance for riders in many ways. Additionally, the board better remains in the control of the rider (non-control is referred to as slide out of a board) while riding and performing jumps. In addition, the ride has a softness, which is consequential to the spring 100, and makes learning to ride with the present suspension system easier than known suspension skateboard assemblies. Finally, because of the ease of accessibility of parts, it is simple and straightforward to replace undercarriage parts, such as bolts.

(63) This spring 100 also serves a shock absorbing purpose, and assists in absorbing the force and energy generated from the impact of landing. That is, the spring smoothness of the ride, provides control, and absorbs shock. Traditionally skateboarding is excessively hard on a rider's body after a prolonged amount of time. With the shock absorbing element of the present invention, the riders are not subjected to blunt shock and stress to their knees, ankles, legs, and spine. In addition, the amount of energy as a whole that is transferred through a rider's body, just from the activities preformed while skateboarding on a daily basis wears riders out significantly.

(64) FIG. 5 provides a top down view of spring 100 of the present invention. Of particular note are forward holes 830 in vertical portion 110. These holes are included for purpose of weight reduction of assembled skateboard 500 to which the spring 100 is attachable, as well as to provide for air flow through the spring. In the embodiment, there are seven holes but some other quantity and/or placement may alternatively be used. Among recognized benefits is the ability for further speed and flexibility so as to obtain higher jumps and better impact.

(65) The present invention provides further improvement in a variety of ways. In particular, the present invention includes the aforementioned generally U-shaped suspension unit. In order to properly function, the undercarriage of the present invention includes additional elements, some of which alone or in combination with other elements serve to increase shock absorption over present designs.

(66) Many of the differences and improvements from earlier designs are summarized below. Whereas earlier designs are generally an S-shaped leaf spring with no grind plate, our device includes a stylized C shaped cantilevered spring with a built in grind plate at the front of the spring. No other truck manufacturer has a metal grind plate. Whereas earlier designs use 5 wood screws as fasteners to secure the spring to the wooden platform, our device uses 4 10/32 nuts and bolts to secure the spring to the wooden platform. Whereas earlier designs use rubber pads molded around a bolt and attached to the underside of an upper spring to as a snubber that can be engaged by the U-shaped portion of the spring upon deflection of the spring to prevent collapse of the spring to the point, our device has one large chamfered hole where a polyurethane impact bushing snaps/pops into the base of the spring to prevent the metal impact cup from making contact with the wooden platform. Whereas earlier designs use a steel pin with upset ends that passes through two holes on the spring to secure it into place our device does not have and does not need pins with upset ends passing through the spring. Whereas earlier designs include a bolt that extends through two thru holes on the spring with the legs being a part of the spring, our device has a flanged kingpin that passes through a hole on the underside of the spring that is welded into place at an angle. Whereas earlier designs include a bearing against the upper ends of compression springs with cylindrical pins fit within the springs with their lower ends received in the sleeves of the pins, where the pins have integral frustoconical heads with their flat undersurfaces bearing against the upper ends of the compression springs, we do not have compression springs or anything of the kind built into or onto our spring. Whereas earlier designs do not have a pivot pin, pivot cup bushing, or metal pivot cup associated with the spring device or complete assembly, our hanger which can be made from cast aluminum or magnesium, has a tapered pivot pin which is located preferably at the small mid section point of the hanger and fits into a polyurethane pivot cup bushing that fits into a metal pivot cup with rounded bottom with rounded bottom that is welded onto the spring. Whereas earlier devices do not have polyurethane bushings that slide over a kingpin, sitting on top and bottom of hanger assembly that are preferably sandwiched between washers, our spring device has preferably two polyurethane bushings that slide over a welded flanged kingpin that sit on top and bottom of the hanger assembly and are sandwiched between two washers. Unlike prior designs, the edges of the spring on the radius have been sanded/ground/machined down to a 0.060 inch radius to give a rounded edge which assist in the natural arching of the spring. This is one of our procedures we need to protect with our patent. Whereas earlier designs do not have sharp angles bent into the spring from the means of a press or bending jig, our spring has a series of sharp bends to achieve the desired angles and is made by bending on a jig that is bolted to a machine to the assigned locations on the flat spring. This is one of our procedures we need to protect with our patent. Whereas earlier designs do not call out that the mounting holes on the spring have chamfered holes, in our design the rear mounting holes closest to the radius of the spring are chamfered. This is one of our procedures we need to protect with our patent. Whereas earlier designs do not have a fixed kingpin on the spring assembly; it is free floating/bolted into place and not permanent; our device has a fixed flanged kingpin that passes through a hole on the underside of the spring that is welded into place at an angle.

(67) A further comparison, comparing pre-existing trucks to the trucks of the present invention, is shown below in Table 1.

(68) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 COMPARISON CHART Present Invention (Avenue) Standard Trucks Suspension Trucks PERFORMANCE Impact No impact Avenue's High Compression Spring absorption of any Loaded Baseplate allows for optimal kind flexibility to enhance performance. A half inch of suspension travel absorbs energy from hard impacts and road vibrations. Speed Trucks do not Greater speed is achieved due to the increase speed in baseplate's of compression relative anyway. Road to the bottom of the spring. This travel vibration slows absorbs vibration from rough concrete down helping to maintain and increase speed skateboarders. overall Steering/Control Turning and control Control is smoother due to the allowance is on a single tilt of more angles through an X & Y Axis and turn X Axis through a floating pivot point. pivot point. Turns Suspension allows for a smoother lean feel jerkier as to turn ratio providing better control with weight is more immediate response. easily thrown side to side. Oversteer Direct contact pivot A floating pivot point helps reduce (Speed point provides no over-steer at faster speeds, improving Wobble) extra support and is control and stability. at greater risk for over-steer and wobble Rider Stamina Does not increase By absorbing energy from hard impacts stamina and road vibrations Avenue Trucks reduce the amount of physical stress the body would usually endure during skateboarding. The end result-Riders see an increase in overall stamina. TRICK ABILITY Grinds Trucks immediately By helping to absorb vibration from rough begin to slow down edges, chipped concrete, or small dents in during grinds. All rails, the baseplate helps to maintain grind grinding vibration is speed, reducing most elements that absorbed upwards interfere with a long fast grind. into the skateboard and rider. Flip Tricks Uneven flips due to Flips are smoother due to better weight poor weight distribution of the axis-A heavier distribution of the baseplate (inner) and lighter hanger axis-A heavier (outer). With the weight distribution being hanger (outer) and greater towards the center of the lighter baseplate skateboard, flips rotate with better ease (inner) With the and stability. weight distribution being greater towards the outer part of the skateboard, flips rotate unevenly and require greater effort to keep stable. Pop Design provides NO The rigid suspension baseplate allows for extra pop compression before throwing tricks. Once the baseplate is popped the pre-loaded compression is released and energy is expelled upwards into the deck, providing a better response and more pop to the rider. Slides Baseplate is more Has built in slide plate that helps prevent (Nose/Tail) susceptible to hang slide hang up ups if it catches and allows for smoother slides rough concrete Air (Vert) Standard amount of Due to increased speed from compression air is achieved by of the baseplate through vert, factors affecting skateboarders are generally able to speed. achieve more height during airs CONSTRUCTION Hanger Cast Aluminum Lightweight Magnesium Alloy Hanger Hanger Axle Solid or Hollow Hollow Chromoly Axle Chromoly Axle Baseplate Cast Aluminum High Compression Carbon Steel Spring Baseplate Loaded Baseplate Impact Bushing Has no impact Design features a first ever Impact bushing Bushing. This further reduces impact through a soft bushing once the baseplate reaches full compression. Kingpin Pressed Kingpin Welded Kingpin Pivot Pin Fixed pivot point Floating Pivot Cup Steering System Bushings Multi density Multi density bushings bushings

(69) The foregoing description and accompanying drawings illustrate the principles, exemplary embodiments, and modes of operation of the invention. However, the invention should not be construed as being limited to the particular embodiments discussed above. Additional variations of the embodiments discussed above will be appreciated by those skilled in the art and the above-described embodiments should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that variations to those embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.