Proppant discharge system and a container for use in such a proppant discharge system

Abstract

A proppant discharge system has a container with an outlet positioned in a bottom thereof and a gate affixed adjacent the outlet so as to be movable between a first position covering the outlet to a second position opening the outlet, and a support structure having an actuator thereon. The container is removably positioned on the top surface of the support structure. The actuator is engageable with gate so as to move the gate from the first position to the second position. A conveyor underlies the container so as to receive proppant as discharged from the container through the outlet. The container can be a ten foot ISO container.

Claims

1. An apparatus to move proppant from a plurality of containers, the apparatus comprising: a frame having a continuous surface positioned to receive and to support a plurality of containers when positioned in a side-by-side arrangement thereon, the frame extending longitudinally and having a length longer than a combined length of the plurality of containers, and each of the containers comprising: an interior volume; walls defining a lateral periphery of the interior volume; a plurality of support braces positioned proximate the walls, the support braces being positioned to provide structural support to the walls; a bottom positioned on the surface of the frame and having an outlet associated therewith; and a gate positioned proximate the outlet, the gate being moveable between open and closed positions; one or more hoppers associated with the frame and positioned to underlie the plurality of containers when positioned on the surface of the frame and to receive proppant when flowing from one or more containers of the plurality of containers, each of the one or more hoppers having an opening at a lower end of the hopper to discharge proppant received from the outlet of the one or more containers; and a conveyor having a surface positioned below the opening of the one or more hoppers, the surface of the conveyor being positioned to receive the proppant from the opening of the one or more hoppers to convey the proppant when positioned thereon away from the one or more hoppers.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising: a receptacle translatably positioned adjacent the surface of the frame; and an actuator engaging the receptacle to move the receptacle between a first position and a second position, such that the proppant is not discharged from the outlet when the receptacle is in the first position and the proppant is discharged from the outlet when the receptacle is in the second position.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, where each container of the plurality of containers comprises ramps downwardly inclined and extending inwardly from the walls to direct the proppant toward the outlet, and openings in the frame positioned peripherally about the one or more hoppers such that exterior surfaces of the one or more hoppers are visible through the openings.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising: a metering gate translatably positioned adjacent the opening of the one or more hoppers; and an actuator connected to the metering gate to move the metering gate between an open position and a closed position, in which a flow rate of the proppant from the one or more hoppers is controlled by the movement of the metering gate between the open and closed positions.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the metering gate has a substantially inverted V-shaped configuration mated with and substantially corresponding to a substantially inverted V-shaped configuration of the opening.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor comprises a path extending beyond the one or more containers and beyond the length of the frame to move the proppant toward a fracturing site, an upwardly extending section, and a chute coupled to the path and receiving the proppant therefrom, the chute being directable toward a desired location.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the one or more containers are positioned side-by-side along a length of the path, the one or more hoppers are positioned side-by-side and substantially aligned with the one or more containers, the one or more hoppers are positioned below the surface of the frame, the one or more hoppers comprise inwardly angled sides to form a funnel-like shape, and the proppant has particles that have a substantially spherical shape.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each container of the plurality of containers comprises a frame positioned to form a cage-like structural configuration, the cage-like structural configuration having a plurality of vertical members positioned adjacent and extending below intersections of the walls and horizontal members positioned along at least a portion of a periphery of the bottom of the plurality of containers, the horizontal members abutting the vertical members.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises one or more mounting locations arranged in a side-by-side arrangement along the frame to secure the plurality of containers to the frame when positioned thereon.

10. An apparatus to move proppant from a plurality of containers, the apparatus comprising: a support structure comprising a frame to provide structural support to a container positioned thereon, the frame comprising: a continuous top surface arranged to receive the container, the top surface comprising horizontal support members defining a periphery of the frame, a frame periphery of the frame having a larger perimeter than a corresponding perimeter of a container periphery of the container; a bottom surface positioned opposite the top surface; a plurality of vertical support members extending between the top surface and the bottom surface; and a plurality of angled support members extending between the top surface and the bottom surface; a hopper coupled to the frame and arranged below the top surface to underlie the container when positioned on the support structure and to receive proppant when flowing from the container, the hopper comprising walls formed in a funnel-like shape extending downwardly and inwardly from the top surface and an opening at a lower end of the hopper to discharge proppant received from the container, the container comprising: an interior volume; walls defining a lateral periphery of the interior volume; a plurality of support braces positioned proximate the walls, the support braces being positioned to provide structural support to the walls; a bottom positioned on the bottom surface of the frame and having an outlet associated therewith; and a gate positioned proximate the outlet, the gate being moveable between open and closed positions; and a conveyor having a surface positioned below the opening of the hopper, the surface of the conveyor being positioned to receive the proppant from the opening of the hopper to convey the proppant when positioned thereon away from the hopper.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising openings in the frame positioned peripherally about the hopper such that exterior surfaces of the hopper are visible through the openings.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the hopper is coupled to the horizontal support members of the frame and further comprises an opening that is smaller than the periphery of the frame.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a metering gate arranged at an outlet of the opening of the hopper, the metering gate being movable between an open position and a closed position to control the flow of proppant through the opening.

14. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising: a receptacle translatably positioned adjacent the top surface of the frame; and an actuator engaging the receptacle to move the receptacle between a first position and a second position, such that the proppant is not discharged from the outlet of the container when the receptacle is in the first position and the proppant is discharged from the outlet of the container when the receptacle is in the second position.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the container in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the container in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(3) FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the container of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(4) FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the interior of the container of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(5) FIG. 5 is an isolated end view showing the support structure of the system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(6) FIG. 6 is a plan view of the support structure of the system of the present invention.

(7) FIG. 7 is an end view showing the placement of the container upon the support structure in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the system of the present invention.

(8) FIG. 8 is a side view of the container as place on the support structure in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the system of the present invention.

(9) FIG. 9 is a side elevational view showing a plurality of containers as placed upon the support structure in accordance with the system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(10) FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a plurality of containers as placed upon the support structure in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the system of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(11) Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown the container 10 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The container 10 is in the nature of a box 12 having an exterior frame 14. The box 12 includes a top 16, a bottom 18, an end wall 20 and a side wall 22. The side wall 24 is opposite to the side wall 22. There also an end wall 26 that is opposite to that of end wall 20. An inlet 28 is formed through the top 16 of the box 12. A hatch 30 is removably or hingedly affixed over the inlet 28 so as to allow proppant to be introduced into the interior volume of the container 10.

(12) In FIG. 1, it can be seen that the frame 14 extends generally around the exterior of the end walls 20 and 26 and over the side walls 22 and 24. As such, as will be described hereinafter, there is a funnel-shaped bottom of the container that has exterior surfaces exposed through the frame 14. During the course of international shipment, it is important to avoid closed spaces within such a container. As such, the exposure of the surfaces through the openings 32 at the bottom of the frame 14 will allow inspectors to have visual access to the areas adjacent to this funnel-shaped area.

(13) As can be seen in FIG. 2, the container 10 is illustrated as having the top 16 and the bottom 18. The frame 14 provides structural support for the container 10 and generally surrounds the exterior of the container. The frame is formed of a plurality of vertical bars that extend so as to form a cage-like configuration around the walls 20, 22, 24 and 26. The bottom 18 is generally of a planar shape so that the bottom 18 can be placed upon the support structure (to be described hereinafter). Importantly, the area 32 shows that the funnel-shaped portion 34 is exposed through the openings of the frame 14. As such, there will be no closed or sealed areas within the interior of the container 10. The hatch 30 is positioned over the inlet 28 at the top 16 of the container 10. As a result, the propping can be introduced through the inlet 28 when the hatch 30 is opened so as to fill the interior volume of the container 10. The funnel-shaped area 34 defines an outlet 36 located at the bottom 18 of the container 10.

(14) As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the container 10 is a ten-foot ISO container. In accordance with standard ISO terminology, this means that the container has a length of ten feet, a width of eight feet and a height of 8.5 feet. The height can also be 9.5 feet. This configuration allows between 43,000 and 48,000 pounds of proppant to be introduced into the interior volume of the container.

(15) FIG. 3 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the container 10. It can be seen that the container 10 has an interior volume 38. The outlet 36 is formed adjacent to the bottom 18 of the container 10. A first ramp 40 will extend from the end wall 20 to the outlet 36. A second ramp 42 will extend from the end wall 22 to the outlet 36. The ramps 40 and 42 will serve to funnel the proppant that is retained within the interior volume 38 of the container 10 toward the outlet 36. Importantly, a gate 44 is positioned within a track 46 located at the bottom 18 of the container 10. The gate 44 is in the nature of flat plate which, as shown in FIG. 3, covers the outlet 36. The gate 44 includes a pin 48 (in the nature of king bolt) that extends outwardly from the gate 44. When an actuator is connected to the pin 48, it can move the gate 44 from the position closing the outlet 36 to a position opening the outlet 36. Arrow 50 shows the movement of the gate 44 between these positions. Since the gate 44 has a width that generally corresponds to the size of the outlet 36, the gate 44 will only need to move for a small amount of travel so as to move the gate 44 to the open position.

(16) FIG. 4 is an interior view of the container 10. As can be seen, the first ramp 40 will extend from the end wall 20 to the outlet 36. The second ramp 42 extends from the end wall 26 to the outlet 36. A third ramp 52 will extend from the side wall 22 to the outlet 36. Another ramp 54 will extend from the side wall 24 to the outlet 36. As such, the ramps 40, 42, 52 and 54 form the funnel-like shape so that the proppant that is received within the interior volume 38 of the container 10 can flow free downwardly toward the outlet 36.

(17) In FIG. 4, it can be seen that the gate 44 is positioned within the track 46. FIG. 4 shows the gate 44 in its closed position. An actuator can be used so as to move the gate 44 from the position shown in FIG. 4 in a direction toward either the side wall 22 or the side wall 24. Pins 48 and 58 are illustrated as extending outwardly of the sides of the gate 44. As such, a suitable actuator, such as a hydraulic piston-and-cylinder arrangement, can be connected to these pins 48 and/or 50 so as to achieve the requisite movement of the gate 44 from the closed position to the open position.

(18) FIG. 5 is an end view showing the support structure 60 as used in the proppant discharge system of the present invention. The support structure 60 has a frame 62 which forms a top surface 64, a bottom surface 66, and sides 68 and 70. The top 64 of the frame 62 has a surface upon which the container 10 can be placed. Suitable pin connections 72 and 74 extend upwardly from the top surface 64 so as to engage corresponding receptacles on the container 10. These pins 72 and 74 can be utilized so as to assure that the container 10 is properly positioned upon the support structure 60.

(19) A receptacle 76 is positioned at or adjacent to the top surface 64. The actuator 78 is affixed to the frame 62 and extends to the receptacle 76. As can be seen, the receptacle 76 has a slot formed in the top end thereof. The slot of the receptacle 76 is suitable for receiving one of the pins 48 and 58 of the gate 44 of the container 10. Once the receptacle 76 receives the pin 48 therein, the actuator 78 can be actuated so as to move the receptacle (and its received pin) from the first position 80 to a second position 82. When the receptacle 82 (along with the pin received therein) is moved to the second position 82, the gate 44 will be opened so that the proppant can be discharged through the outlet 36 of the container 10. Since pins 48 and 58 are symmetrically placed, and since the container 10 is rather symmetrical, the support structure 60 is particularly adapted to the variety of orientations with the container 10 can be placed upon the top surface

(20) In FIG. 5, it can be seen that there is a hopper 84 that is positioned below the top surface 64. Hopper 84 serves to receive a portion of the proppant as discharged through the outlet 36 of the container 10 when the gate 44 is in the open position. As such, the hopper 84 can be utilized so as to properly meter the proppant onto the conveyor 86. Conveyor 86 is located below the opening 88 of the hopper 84.

(21) As can be seen in FIG. 5, hopper 84 has an opening 88 of a generally inverted V-shaped configuration. There is a metering gate 90 that is mated with the opening 88 and also has a V-shaped configuration. The metering gate 90 can be moved a small distance so as to allow for the selected and controlled discharge of proppant from the hopper 84 onto the conveyor 86.

(22) FIG. 6 shows the interior of the hopper 84. Hopper 84 includes side walls 92 and 94 and end walls 96 and 98. The walls 92, 94, 96 and 98 are formed into a funnel-like shape so as to move the proppant downwardly toward the metering gate 90. In FIG. 6, it can be seen that the opening 88 of the hopper 84 has a plurality of slots formed therein. Similarly, the metering gate 90 has a plurality of slots formed therethrough. The structures between the slots is solid. As such, when the slots of the metering gate 90 are aligned with the slots of the opening 88, then proppant can be discharged onto the underlying conveyor 86. A small movement of the metering gate 90 in one direction or another, will block the flow of the proppant through the slots of the opening 88 of hopper 84. As such, very small actuators 100 and 102 can be used so as to achieve the proper metering of the proppant onto the conveyor. If a small flow rate of proppant is desired, then the actuators 100 and 102 will move the metering gate 90 only a small distance. If a greater flow rate is required, then the actuators 100 and 102 will move the metering gate 90 so that the slots of the metering gate 90 fully correspond with the slots of the opening 88 so as to achieve a maximum flow of proppant from the hopper 84 down to the conveyor.

(23) FIG. 7 shows the container 10 as placed upon the top surface 64 of the support structure 60. In normal use, a forklift can be utilized so as to properly position the container 10 in a proper position upon the pins 72 and 74 of the support structure 60. Initially, the gate 44 of the container 10 will be closed. Additionally, the metering gate 90 can also be closed. When the container 10 is properly positioned, the gate 44 can be moved to an open position so that the proppant is discharged into the hopper 84. The hopper 84 can then be filled with proppant. When it is desired to move the proppant from the hopper 84, along the conveyor, to the desired destination, then the metering gate 90 can be opened so as to achieve the desired flow rate of proppant through the opening 88 of the hopper 84.

(24) FIG. 8 shows a side view in which the container 10 is placed upon the top surface 64 of the support structure 60. The conveyor 86 is illustrated as extending longitudinally. As such, when the proppant passes through the metering gate 90 associated with the hopper 84, any proppant within the interior volume 38 of the container 10 can be delivered, in a controlled manner, onto the conveyor.

(25) FIG. 9 is an illustration of containers 110, 112, 114 and 116 as placed upon the support structure 118. The support structure 118 has a sufficient length so as to accommodate the containers 110, 112, 114 and 116. It can be seen that the conveyor 120 is arranged beneath the top surface of the support structure 118 and below the respective hoppers 122, 124, 126 and 128 below the respective containers 110, 112, 114 and 116. The conveyor 120 is an endless conveyor that is suitably wound around sheaves and idlers so as to travel a desired path. The proppant that is discharged from the containers 110, 112, 114 and 116 is discharged onto the conveyor 120 so as to travel therealong and along upwardly extending section 130. The end 132 of the conveyor 120 will open to a chute 134. The chute 134 can be directed toward the desired purposes at the fracturing site. As such, the array of containers 110, 112, 114 and 116 can be configured so as to replace existing storage facilities at the fracturing site. The support structure 118, along with the conveyor 120, can be easily transportable by a truck upon a roadway because of the use of the wheels 136. The forward end 138 can be suitably connected to a truck so as to allow for the easy transport of the system of the present invention.

(26) FIG. 10 illustrates the placement of the containers 110, 112, 114 and 116 upon the support structure 118. The end 138 includes a suitable hitch connection for attachment to a truck. The conveyor 120 extends below the containers 110, 112, 114 and 116 so as to deliver the proppant to the chute 134. FIG. 10 illustrates that the chute 134 is suitably pivotable in cooperation with the end 132 of the conveyor 120 so as to allow for the controlled and directed discharge of the proppant to the desired location.

(27) The container 10 of the present invention is manufactured as a single unit. The gate 44 of the container 10 is specifically engineered to align with the actuator 70 located on the conveying system. The actuator is hydraulically controlled and accepts the pin 48 which is attached to the gate 44. When the actuator 70 is activated, the gate 44 moves horizontally so as to allow for the discharge of proppant therefrom.

(28) The container of the present invention can be specifically applied for transport via rail. In particular, the railcar can be designed so as to accommodate up to four containers 10. As such, the railcar can carry approximately 180,000 pounds of proppant when the four containers are placed on the railcar. The railcar can be similar to current inter-modal railcars that carry twenty foot, forty foot and fifty-three foot inter-modal containers. The railcar would include typical inter-modal load-locks which are evenly spaced down to chassis of the railcar. The container should be constructed of materials wide enough to keep the overall loaded weight of the container under currently regulated railroad weight guidelines. Additionally, it must be strong enough to bear the load of the loaded container. This development allows sand mines to load proppant directly into a container 10 in order to speed up the loading process. It also eliminates the need to build a silo storage at the mine site. Once the container arrives at its designated location or region, trans-load processes to pneumatic trailers, silos or flat storage, are thus eliminated.

(29) The present invention is an improved delivery system that can be used at the well-site. The support structure 60 includes a fabricated steel frame upon which multiple containers can be positioned. The containers lock into receptacles that secure the containers to the frame. The container will then sit above a conveying system that delivers the proppant from the container as the gate is opened to a master-conveying belt. The cradle is outfitted with a hydraulic system which can control the opening and closing of the gates. The containers of the present invention can be combined as an attachment or cartridge compatible with existing devices known as SAND KINGS, SAND CHIEFS and SAND DRAGONS. By replacing existing hoppers on these devices with the removable containers of the present invention, even greater efficiencies can be attained in the proppant delivery process.

(30) The conveying system of the present invention is an alternative method of delivering proppant from the container to the blender belt for the mixing unit once delivered to the well-site. The conveying system of the present invention provides all of the functionality commonly seen in the SAND MASTER, SAND KING, SAND DRAGON, SAND MOVE, etc. As such, the present invention allows the flow of said to be metered onto the conveyor belt through a hydraulic system of flow gates. The container is first lifted into position onto the support structure. The bottom flow gate is received by the receptacle of the hydraulic actuator so as to create a lock between the pin of the gate and the hydraulic system. The hydraulic system then opens the flow gate and the proppant so as to gravity-feed into a hopper located on the support structure. Another set of flow gates associated with the hopper system are then opened by way of another hydraulic system. This allows the proppant to be metered and to flow onto a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt can then deliver the proppant to the blender or the T-Belt. The proppant can then be mixed with other materials in the blender.

(31) Currently, expensive pneumatic bulk trucks are utilized in the delivery of proppant to a well-site. Once on-site, the trucker employs a power take-off unit to blow the sand into the sand storage devices. This delivery often takes over one (1) hour to complete. By delivering sand to the well in the ten-foot containers of the present invention, the use of expensive pieces of specialized equipment are eliminated. The container can ride on a standard flatbed, step-deck, low-boy, or other more commonly-used trailer. As such the process of the present invention is able to tap into a much larger universe of available trucking capacity. This can reduce the transportation costs to the well. While pneumatic trailer deliveries are priced in round trip miles, the delivery of the container of the present invention by a more common piece of equipment (capable of getting a back-haul) significantly reduces the overall transportation cost. As an example, there is a great need for parts, tools and other wellhead equipment to be taken off the well-site for repair or return to a manufacturer or rental company. The flatbed trailer, now empty, has the ability to accept that load while it is on-site rather than calling in another trucking company to provide that service. The reduced need for hot-shot service is another significant value to the service company and ultimately the exploration and production company.

(32) In terms of returning empty containers to the sand distribution facilities, a total of four (4) empty containers can be returned by a single flatbed trailer. This provides a 4:1 level of efficiency in removing the containers from the well-site. Additionally, a forty foot container chassis will be used in the movement of both empty and full containers. The support structure, just like the containers, can be delivered to the well-site by a typical flatbed truck. The support structure could be towed via truck to the site in manner similar to any other trailer.

(33) Another important advantage to the present invention is the small footprint that the ten-foot ISO containers of the present invention occupy relative to the capacity of sand that they can store. When the containers are stacked three high, the containers can store approximately 135,000 pounds in a footprint of eighty square feet. The available space at the wellhead, and in potential proppant trans-loading facilities, can be extremely limited. As such, the process of the present invention minimizes the footprint that is required for a given amount of proppant at such a location.

(34) Since environmental and safety concerns surrounding well-site operations is becoming an increasing concern, the present invention minimizes the amount of particulate matter that is released into the air. Proppant is currently delivered to the frac site via pneumatic trailers. Pneumatic pressure is used to pressurize the trailer and then blow the material into a sand storage unit. This process creates an immense amount of particulate matter than can then be inhaled by personnel at the frac-site. Additionally, while blowing the sand into the sand storage facility, the sand storage facility must vent the pressurized air to the atmosphere. This creates an even greater exposure to particulate matter. The constant need to take deliver of proppant on-site creates a constant environment of dust and small particles in the air. Since the present invention eliminates pneumatic deliveries, the process of the present invention significantly reduces the amount of particulate matter on the frac-site. The gravity-feed delivery method from the container to the blender greatly improves the safety of well-site personnel.

(35) The present invention also serves to reduce trucking emissions by reducing the amount of trucks that are being used or waiting. The safety at the wellhead is improved by reducing such truck traffic.

(36) The present application is a divisional which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/831,941, filed on Aug. 21, 2015, and titled Proppant Discharge System and a Container for Use in Such a Proppant Discharge System which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/628,702, filed on Sep. 27, 2012, and titled Proppant Discharge System and a Container For Use in Such a Proppant Discharge System which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/555,635, filed on Jul. 23, 2012, and titled Proppant Discharge System Having a Container and the Process for Providing Proppant to a Well Site, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

(37) The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof. Various changes in the details of the illustrated construction, or in the steps of the described method, can be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the true spirit of the invention. The present invention should only be limited by the following claims and their legal equivalents.