Pavement joints and methods for treating the same

Abstract

A technique for protecting joints in pavement structures includes applying a hardener/densifier to one or more surfaces that define a joint in a pavement structure and, optionally, to portions of one or more surfaces that are located adjacent to the joint. One or more other compounds, such as hydrophobic materials, water-resistant materials, anti-scaling compounds, anti-wear compounds, multi-functional blended compositions and the like, may also be applied to the surfaces that define a joint and/or to portions of one or more surfaces that are adjacent to the joint. A seal may also be formed in a joint in a pavement structure. Joints that have been protected in accordance with teachings of this disclosure are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A method for treating a joint of pavement, comprising: applying a hardener/densifier to opposed inside surfaces of a joint between adjacent sections of pavement; and applying a coating to the opposed inside surfaces of the joint, the coating comprising: a silane, a siloxane, and/or a silicone.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the coating comprises applying the coating after applying the hardener/densifier.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the coating comprises applying the coating while applying the hardener/densifier.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein applying the hardener/densifier and applying the coating comprise applying a compound including the hardener/densifier and the coating.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the coating comprises applying the hardener/densifier after applying the coating.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the coating comprises applying a coating further comprising a metal siliconate.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: cleaning the joint before applying the hardener/densifier to the joint.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein applying the hardener/densifier to the joint comprises cleaning the joint with the hardener/densifier.

9. A pavement joint, comprising: a first pavement element including a first pavement surface and a first end surface, the first end surface defining a first joint surface; a second pavement element including a second pavement surface and a second end surface, the second end surface defining a second joint surface, the first end surface and the second end surface facing each other and defining inside surfaces of the pavement joint; a reaction product of a hardener/densifier and concrete on the first joint surface and the second joint surface; and a coating on the first joint surface and the second joint surface, the coating comprising: a silane, a siloxane, and/or a silicone.

10. The pavement joint of claim 9, wherein the coating further comprises a metal siliconate.

11. The pavement joint of claim 9, further comprising: a seal between the first pavement element and the second pavement element.

12. A composition, comprising: a hardener/densifier; and silane solids dispersed throughout the hardener/densifier.

13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the silane solids comprise emulsified silane.

14. The composition of claim 12, wherein the silane solids comprise a solvent-based silane or a neat silane.

15. A method for protecting a joint in pavement, comprising: providing a seal in a joint in pavement; and after providing the seal in the joint, applying a hardener/densifier to the joint and over the seal in the joint.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein providing the seal comprises forming the seal in the joint.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein forming the seal in the joint includes applying a protective coating to opposed inside surfaces of the joint.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein forming the seal in the joint further includes applying a hardener/densifier to the opposed surface of the joint and/or to a protective coating on the opposed inside surfaces of the joint.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein providing the joint comprises introducing the seal into the joint.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein applying the hardener/densifier comprises applying the hardener densifier to pavement surfaces located adjacent to the joint.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a joint in pavement;

(3) FIG. 2 shows a joint in pavement with surfaces that have been hardened and/or densified;

(4) FIG. 3 shows a joint in pavement with surfaces to which an additional compound (e.g., a water-repellant material, a sealant, etc.) has been applied;

(5) FIG. 4 depicts a joint with surfaces that have been hardened and/or densified, optionally sealed, and with a gap that is at least partially filled with a seal; and

(6) FIGS. 5-10 are graphs illustrating the effects of various joint protection treatments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(7) With reference to FIG. 1, a pavement structure 10 with a pavement surface 11 is depicted. The pavement structure 10 includes at least two adjacent sections 12 and 16 with a joint 20 therebetween. The sections 12 and 16 of the pavement structure 10 may, as shown in FIG. 1, define parts of the pavement surface 11. Alternatively, one of the sections 12, 16 may comprise another type of structure (e.g., a curb, a wall, a column, a pillar, etc.) adjacent to a section 12, 16 of pavement.

(8) The joint 20, which extends downward into the pavement surface 11 of the pavement structure 10, may be defined by opposed surfaces 14 and 18 of the sections 12 and 16 of the pavement structure 10. As illustrated, the opposed surfaces 14 and 18 that define the joint 20 may be vertically oriented or substantially vertically oriented. In addition to the opposed surfaces 14 and 18, the joint 20 may include a gap 22 located between the opposed surfaces 14 and 18. Although the joint 20 is illustrated as extending only partially into the pavement structure 10, joints that extend completely through pavement structures are also within the scope of this disclosure.

(9) Portions of the pavement surface 11 that are located adjacent to the joint 20, on opposite sides of the joint 20, are identified in FIG. 1 by reference characters 15 and 19, and correspond to section 12 and section 16 of the pavement structure 10, respectively. Although the portions 15 and 19 of the pavement surface 11 are both illustrated as comprising horizontal surfaces, one or both of the portions 15 and 19 may comprise a more vertically oriented surface, such as a surface of a curb, a wall, a column, a pillar, or the like.

(10) In some embodiments, the pavement structure 10 may comprise a new pavement structure. The joint 20 may have been defined as the pavement structure 10 was constructed (e.g., using forms, spacers, etc.). Alternatively, the joint 20 may have been defined after the pavement structure 10 was constructed (e.g., with a saw, etc.).

(11) In other embodiments, the pavement structure 10 may comprise an existing pavement structure, with the joint 20 comprising an existing joint in the pavement structure 10. The joint 20 may be clean, with dirt, debris, and any other items (e.g., old seals, spacers, etc.) having been removed from its gap 22 and any sealants having been stripped from its opposed surfaces 14 and 18. Suitable processes for cleaning a joint 20 include, but are not limited to, use of one or more pressurized cleaning agents (e.g., air, water, a chemical cleaning agent, an etchant, an acid, a hardener/densifier under pressure, etc.) in combination and/or in sequence, vacuuming the joint, mechanical abrasion (e.g., sandblasting, shot blasting, abrading with a wire brush, abrading or cutting with a saw blade, etc.), or a combination of one or more pressurized cleaning agents, vacuuming, and mechanical abrasion.

(12) In still other embodiments, the pavement structure 10 may comprise an existing pavement structure, and the joint 20 may be newly formed (e.g., saw cut, etc.) in the pavement surface 11 of the pavement structure 10.

(13) One or more joints 20 in the pavement structure 10 may be protected by applying a compound that includes a hardener/densifier to the surfaces (e.g., the opposed surfaces 14 and 18 of the adjacent sections 12 and 16, respectively; etc.) that define the joint 20. In some embodiments, such a compound may also be applied to portions 15 and 19 of the pavement surface 11 that are located adjacent to the joint 20. In other embodiments, a compound that includes a hardener/densifier may be applied to the entire pavement surface 11.

(14) A hardener/densifier may be introduced into a joint 20 (i.e., onto surfaces that define the joint, such as the opposed surfaces 14 and 18) and, optionally, onto portions 15 and 19 of the pavement surface 11 by any suitable technique. Various embodiments of the manner in which a hardener/densifier may be introduced into a joint 20 include, but are not limited to, spraying the hardener/densifier into the joint 20 and, optionally, onto the portions 15 and 19 of the pavement surface 11 that are located adjacent to the joint 20; and pouring the hardener/densifier into the joint 20 and onto the adjacent portions 15 and 19 of the pavement surface 11.

(15) The hardener/densifier will react with free calcium hydroxide (lime), a byproduct of cement hydration, which is present at the surfaces to which the hardener/densifier is applied. The result of the reaction between the hardener/densifier and the lime is calcium silicate hydrate (C—S—H) gel, which provides a durable paste that will increase the hardness and abrasion-resistance of the surfaces to which the hardener/densifier is applied, and reduce porosity of these surfaces.

(16) The reaction between the hardener/densifier and the lime present at the opposed surfaces 14 and 18 of the joint 20 and at the portions 15 and 19 of the pavement surface 11 that are adjacent to the joint 20 may also reduce the likelihood that deicing chemicals, such as calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, will cause deterioration of these surfaces. In particular, the hardener/densifier will reduce the amount of lime available at these surfaces, which lime could otherwise react with the common deicing chemicals to form compounds, such as calcium oxychloride, that deteriorate materials from which pavement is formed (e.g., concrete, etc.).

(17) Suitable hardeners and/or densifiers include compositions comprising alkali metal silicates, such as lithium polysilicates (e.g., the hardener/densifier available from Convergent Concrete Technologies, LLC, of Orem, Utah as PENTRA-SIL® (HD) hardener/densifier; the densifier available from Dayton Superior Corporation of Miamisburg, Ohio as PENTRA-HARD® densifier; etc.), potassium silicates, and/or sodium silicates, as well as low pH compositions (i.e., pH of 10 or less) comprising colloidal silica (e.g., the hardener/densifier available from Global Polishing Systems, LLC of Henderson, Nev. as CDH-100; etc.). Various combinations of hardeners and/or densifiers may also be used.

(18) FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a joint 20′ with opposed surfaces 14′ and 18′ that have been hardened and/or densified. In addition, portions 15′ and 19′ of the pavement surface 11 that are located adjacent to the joint 20′ may also be hardened and/or densified. Such a hardened and/or densified portion 15′, 19′ may comprise a strip located along the joint 20′. Such a strip may have a width (i.e., extend from the joint 20′) about six inches, 8 to 12 inches, about 12 inches, about 18 inches or about 24 inches. In some embodiments, an entire pavement surface 11 may be hardened and/or densified. The joint 20′ may, for purposes of this disclosure, be considered to comprise a protected joint even though the joint 20′ includes an open gap 22′.

(19) In embodiments where another, additional compound is, in addition to the hardener/densifier, applied to the surfaces that define a joint 20 (e.g., opposed surfaces 14 and 18, etc.) and/or to the portions 15 and 19 of the pavement surface 11 that are located adjacent to the joint 20, the hardener/densifier may enhance adhesion and/or bonding of the additional compound to these surfaces. In particular, the hardener/densifier may reduce one or more of porosity, dusting, microcompressibles (i.e., dust particles, etc., that are impacted into pores and compressed onto surfaces during mechanical processing, such as saw cutting, shot blasting, or the like), other contamination, efflorescence, and alkalinity of the surfaces that define and/or are adjacent to the joint 20.

(20) Various non-limiting examples of additional compounds include anti-scaling compounds (e.g., metal siliconates, such as potassium methyl siliconate, sodium methyl siliconate, etc.) and other water-repellant materials, sealants (e.g., silanes, siloxanes, combinations thereof, etc.), and other coatings. In some embodiments, two or more additional compounds may be used with a hardener/densifier. These additional compounds may be separate from the hardener/densifier or they may be combined with the hardener/densifier.

(21) Some non-limiting examples of chemical compositions that include a hardener/densifier and an additional compound (e.g., an anti-scaling compound, etc.) are the chemical compositions available from Convergent Concrete Technologies, LLC, of Orem, Utah under the trademarks PENTRA SHIELD® and TRANSIL®. U.S. Pat. No. 7,737,195 of Gimvang discloses another example of a composition that includes a hardener/densifier, along with additional compounds.

(22) Compositions that include a hardener/densifier and an emulsion (e.g., a mechanical emulsion, etc.) of a solvent-based silane may also be used to protect joints. Such a mixture may include a solvent-based silane having about 40% or more solids, by weight, dispersed throughout (e.g., mechanically, by use of an emulsion blade; etc.) a hardener/densifier (e.g., an aqueous hardener/densifier, etc.), and may include a variety of different proportions of the hardener/densifier and the solvent-based silane. Alternatively, such a mixture may be made by dispersing a so-called “neat” silane, which may include 98% or more solids, by weight, throughout a hardener/densifier. Such a composition may be pre-made, stored (e.g., for up to six months or more) and provided on-site as an all-in-one product. Alternatively the hardener/densifier and the solvent-based silane or neat silane may be provided separately from one another, and then mixed on-site before being applied to the joint 20 and, optionally, to other parts of a pavement structure 10.

(23) In other embodiments, the additional compound may be separate from the hardener/densifier. As an example, a sealant, such as a silane (e.g., a water-based silane, a solvent-based silane, etc.) or a siloxane, may be used in conjunction with a separate hardener/densifier. As other examples, a corrosion-resistant coating and/or an abrasion-resistant coating (e.g., that disclosed by U.S. Patent Application Publication 2009/0110834 of Gimvang, etc.) may be used in conjunction with a separate hardener/densifier.

(24) With variations in the types of hardener(s) and/or densifier(s) and additional compounds that are used to protect a joint 20, 20′ (FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively) in a pavement structure 10, the additional compound may be applied to the surfaces of the joint 20, 20′ (e.g., opposed surfaces 14, 14′ and 18, 18′, etc.—FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively) and/or to the portions 15, 15′ and 19, 19′ (FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively) of the pavement surface 11 that are located adjacent to the joint 20, 20′ separately from a hardener/densifier (e.g., after applying the hardener/densifier, at the same time as the hardener/densifier is applied, or before applying the hardener/densifier) or as part of the same compound as the hardener/densifier.

(25) In a specific embodiment, a hardener/densifier may be applied to the surfaces that define a joint 20, 20′ (FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively) (e.g., opposed surfaces 14, 14′ and 18, 18′, etc.—FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively) and/or to the portions 15, 15′ and 19, 19′ (FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively) of the pavement surface 11 that are located adjacent to the joint 20, 20′, and then one or more additional compounds may be applied to the surfaces that define the joint 20, 20′ and/or to portions 15, 15′ and 19, 19′ of the pavement surface 11 adjacent to the joint 20, 20′. As a hardener/densifier may become hydrophobic once it dries and reacts with the surface(s) to which it is applied, the additional compound(s) may be applied to each surface to which the hardener/densifier was applied before the hardener/densifier dries or while the hardener/densifier is still wet (e.g., within 24 hours of when the hardener/densifier was applied, etc.).

(26) In another embodiment, an additional compound (e.g., an anti-scaling compound; a sealant; a wear-resistant, or anti-wear compound; etc.) may be applied to the surfaces that define a joint 20, 20′ (FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively) (e.g., opposed surfaces 14, 14′ and 18, 18′, etc.—FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively) and/or to portions 15, 15′ and 19, 19′ (FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively) of the pavement surface 11 adjacent to the joint 20, 20′ before the hardener/densifier is applied to those locations. When the hardener/densifier and the additional compound are applied in this manner, the hardener/densifier may be applied before the additional compound dries or while the additional compound is still wet.

(27) An embodiment of a joint 20″ that includes a coating 30 formed by an additional compound on hardened and/or densified surfaces of the joint 20″ (e.g., opposed surfaces 14′ and 18′, etc.) and/or adjacent to the joint 20″ (e.g., portions 15′ and 19′ of the pavement surface 11, etc., that have been hardened and/or densified) is illustrated by FIG. 3. In some instances, and for purposes of this disclosure, such a joint 20″ may be considered to be protected, even though the joint 20″ still includes an open gap 22″.

(28) Turning now to FIG. 4, a seal 40 may be formed in or otherwise introduced into a joint 20′, 20″ (FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively). The formation of a seal 40 may follow the application of an additional compound, such as a water-repellant material, an anti-scaling compound, or a sealant, onto surfaces that define the joint 20′, 20″. Formation of the seal 40 may include introducing a suitable sealing material into the joint 20′, 20″. DOW CORNING® 888 silicone joint sealant and DOW CORNING® 890 silicone joint sealant, both of which are available from Dow Corning Corporation of Midland, Mich., are two non-limiting examples of sealing material that are suitable for use in the joints 20′, 20″ of pavement structures 10′, 10″ (FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively). Alternatively, a hot-melt composition (e.g., a hot-melt adhesive, etc.) may be introduced into a joint 20′, 20″ to form a seal 40 in a gap 22′, 22″ of the joint 20′, 20″. As another option, a preformed seal 40 may be introduced into the gap 22′, 22″ of the joint 20′, 20″.

(29) After a joint 20′″ has been sealed, a hardener/densifier may, in some embodiments, be applied over the joint 20′″, the seal 40 in the joint 20′″ and portions 15′ and 19′ of the pavement surfaces 11 that are located adjacent to the joint 20′″.

(30) With returned reference to FIG. 1, a specific embodiment of a process for protecting a joint 20, 20′ in a pavement structure 10, 10′ is disclosed. First, a hardener/densifier is applied to the opposed surfaces 14 and 18 that define a joint 20 in the pavement structure 10, as well as to portions 15 and 19 of the pavement surface 11 that abut top corners of the joint 20. Once the hardener/densifier (which may be combined with an anti-scaling compound) has penetrated into the surfaces to which it has been applied, but before the hardener/densifier has had the opportunity to fully react with the material (e.g., concrete, etc.) of the pavement structure 10 (i.e., while the affected portions of the pavement structure 10 are still saturated or at least wetted with the hardener/densifier), a hydrophobic coating may be applied to the opposed surfaces 14 and 18 that define the joint 20. Alternatively, or in addition, the hydrophobic coating may be applied to portions 15 and 19 of the pavement surface 11 that are located adjacent to the joint 20′. A few non-limiting examples of materials that are suitable for forming hydrophobic coatings at or adjacent to a joint 20 in a pavement structure 10 include, without limitation, aqueous silane solutions (which may be introduced into the joint 20), organic solvent-based silane solutions (which may be applied to portions 15 and 19 of the pavement surface 11 that are located adjacent to the joint 20 without substantially being introduced into the joint 20 (e.g., incidental spraying, etc., are acceptable)), silicone emulsions, and siloxanes.

(31) Once the hydrophobic coating has been applied to surfaces of the pavement structure 10, a seal 40 may be formed in the joint 20′″, as illustrated by FIG. 4. Formation of the seal 40 may include introducing a suitable sealant into the joint 20′″.

(32) After the joint 20′″ has been sealed, a hardener/densifier and/or an anti-wear agent may be applied over the joint 20′″, the seal 40 in the joint 20′″ and portions 15′ and 19′ of the pavement surfaces 11 that are located adjacent to the joint 20′″.

EXAMPLES

(33) TABLES 1 and 2, which follow, provide some specific, but non-limiting examples of the manner in which a joint in pavement may be treated.

(34) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Planned Actual Designation Joint # Pretreatment Seal Pretreatment Comments C 96 NOTHING EXISTING D1 98 791 Anti-Scale Silicone 888 791 Anti-Scale Treated 12″ on either side of joint & Inside Joint T1 99 TK Silane Silicone 888 D2 100 Dual system Silicone 888 Dual System 790 (WB) - 8″ to 12″ on solvent based H.sub.2O Based either side of joint, not in the joint 791 - 12″ on either side and inside joint T2 102 TK Siloxane Silicone 888 C 103 NOTHING EXISTING D1 105 Treated Dual Silicone 888 Dual System 790 - 6″ on either side of System H.sub.2O Solvent Based and inside joint based 791 - 12″ on either side of joint and inside joint T1 106 TK Silane Silicone 888 D2 108 791 Anti-Scale Silicone 888 791 Anti-Scale Treated 12″ on either side of joint and inside joint T2 109 TK Siloxane Silicone 888 C 113 NOTHING EXISTING D1 114 Dual system Silicone 888 Dual System 790 (WB) - 8″ to 12″ on solvent based H.sub.2O Based either side of joint, not in the joint 791 - 12″ on either side and inside joint T1 116 TK Silane Silicone 888 D2 117 Treated Dual Silicone 888 Dual System 790 - 6″ on either side of System H.sub.2O Solvent Based and inside joint based 791 - 12″ on either side of joint and inside joint

(35) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Planned Actual Designation Joint # Pretreatment Seal Pretreatment Comments C 131 NOTHING EXISTING D1 132 791 Anti-Scale NO SEAL 791 Anti-Scale Treated 24″ on either side of joint and inside joint T1 133 TK Silane NO SEAL D2 134 Dual system NO SEAL Dual System Both treatments on 12″ to 18″ solvent based H.sub.2O Based on either side of joint and inside joint T2 136 TK Siloxane NO SEAL C 141 NOTHING EXISTING D1 142 Treated Dual NO SEAL Dual System 790 - 6″ on either side of joint System H.sub.2O Solvent Based and inside joint based 791 - 24″ on either side of joint and inside joint T1 143 TK Silane Silicone 888 D2 144 791 Anti-Scale Silicone 888 791 Anti-Scale Treated 24″ on either side of joint and inside joint. T2 146 TK Siloxane Silicone 888 C 147 NOTHING EXISTING D1 148 NOTHING Silicone 888 T1 150 NOTHING Silicone 888 D2 151 NOTHING Silicone 888 T2 152 NOTHING Silicone 888 C 154 NOTHING EXISTING D1 155 Dual system Silicone 888 Dual System 790 (WB) - 8″ to 12″ on either solvent based H.sub.2O Based side of joint, not in the joint 791 - 12″ on either side of joint and inside joint T1 158 TK Silane Silicone 888 D2 159 Treated Dual Silicone 888 Dual System 790 - 6″ on either side of joint System H.sub.2O Solvent Based and inside joint based 791 - 24″ on either side of joint and inside joint T2 160 TK Siloxane Silicone 888

(36) In TABLES 1 and 2, the designation “C” refers to a control, in which existing joints were left as-is. The designations “D1,” “T1,” “D2” and “T2” refer to different types of tests.

(37) The columns labeled “Planned Pretreatment” and “Actual Pretreatment” list the types of pre-treatments that are being considered in actual testing, and include no pretreatment, pretreatment with an anti-scaling agent, pretreatment with a hydrophobic coating or pretreatment with both an anti-scaling agent and a hydrophobic coating. “791 Anti-Scale” refers to use of PENTRA SHIELD®, available from Convergent Concrete Technologies, LLC, of Orem, Utah, as an anti-scaling agent. TK Siloxane and TK Silane are different types of hydrophobic coatings. “Dual system solvent based” refers to use of both the 791 Anti-Scale and an organic solvent-based silane. “Dual system H.sub.2O based” refers to use of both the 791 Anti-Scale and a water-based silane. Application of each of these treatments was about 180 ft.sup.2 to about 200 ft.sup.2 per gallon of anti-scaling agent and/or hydrophobic coating.

(38) The column identified by the heading “Seal” refers to the type of seal that was in place after pre-treatment, if any pre-treatment was performed. “Silicone 888” designates the use of DOW CORNING® 888 silicone sealant.

(39) The last column, which is labeled “Comments,” provides information on how the pre-treatments were applied. The designation “790” refers to an organic solvent-based silane coating, while the designation “790 (WB)” refers to a water-based silane coating.

(40) In a similar test, various treatments were applied to white topping, as set forth in TABLE 3.

(41) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Designation Joint # Planned Pretreatment Actual Pretreatment D1 4220 791 Anti-Scale 791 Anti-Scale C 4221 NOTHING T1 4222 TK Silane C 4223 NOTHING D2 4224 Dual system Treated Dual System solvent based H.sub.2O based C 4225 NOTHING T2 4226 TK Siloxane C 4227 NOTHING D1 4228 Treated Dual System Dual system H.sub.2O based solvent based C 4229 NOTHING T1 4230 TK Silane C 4231 NOTHING D2 4232 791 Anti-Scale 791 Anti-Scale C 4233 NOTHING T2 4234 TK Siloxane C 4235 NOTHING D1 4236 Dual system Treated Dual System solvent based H.sub.2O based C 4237 NOTHING T1 4238 TK Silane C 4239 NOTHING D2 4240 Treated Dual System Dual system H.sub.2O based solvent based C 4241 NOTHING T2 4242 TK Siloxane

(42) In addition to performing tests that will verify that sealing a joint in accordance with this disclosure will prevent weathering and/or corrosion or deterioration of a pavement joint and, thus, improve the useful life of a pavement joint, several tests were performed to demonstrate that silicone seals adhere better to joints that have been prepared in accordance with teachings of this disclosure than to joints that have not been pre-treated. The graphs and table that follow illustrate these phenomena. In the experiments that are depicted by the following graphs and table, the controls were not pre-treated. The designated pre-treatment was applied, by brushing, to joints with the following dimensions: ½″ wide by ½″ deep by 2″ long joint (TA made with 3″ by 1″ by 1″). Anti-scale and anti-wear pre-treatments were applied at full strength. The pre-treated joints were allowed to dry for the period of time specified below before the sealant was applied to, or introduced into, the joint. The sealant was then permitted to cure for 14 days before testing. Testing included a movement test of +100/−50% for 10 cycles over 4 days.

(43) In the graph of FIG. 5, DOW CORNING® 890 silicone sealant was applied to, or introduced into, joints to which water was applied, 4 hours and 8 hours after application.

(44) The graph of FIG. 6 shows the results of applying an anti-scaling agent (PENTRA SHIELD®) to a joint 8 hours and 24 hours before applying a DOW CORNING® 890 silicone sealant.

(45) In the next graph, which appears as FIG. 7, the effects of pre-treatment with an anti-wear agent (“AW”—a lithium polysilicate hardener/densifier) on enabling DOW CORNING® 890 silicone sealant to adhere to a joint are illustrated, with the sealant being applied 8 hours and 24 hours after pre-treatment.

(46) The three graphs of FIGS. 8-10 provide similar data for the abilities of pre-treatment with water, an anti-scaling agent, and an anti-wear agent, respectively, to enhance adhesion of a sealant to pre-treated surfaces of a pavement joint.

(47) The results of the sealant tests follow:

(48) TABLE-US-00004 Peak Elongation Stress at Peak (PSI) (inches) Comments 890 SEALANT CONTROL: 890 Control 17 8.9 50% CF, on was 0 the other 100% 890 Control (Movement) 13 1 10% CF 4 Hr H.sub.2O 18.3 9.4 100% CF 4 Hr H.sub.2O (Movement) 18.2 8.5 0% CF 8 Hr H.sub.2O 14 6.5 0% CF 8 Hr H.sub.2O (Movement) 20.1 7 0% CF ANTI-SCALE: 890 Control 17 8.9 50% CF, on was 0 the other 100% 890 Control (Movement) 13 1 10% CF 8 Hr AS 13.5 7.5 0% CF 8 Hr AS (Movement) 15.6 6 0% CF 24 Hr AS 16 7.5 0% CF 24 Hr AS (Movement) 21.3 5.6 0% CF ANTI-WEAR: 890 Control 17 8.9 50% CF, on was 0 the other 100% 890 Control (Movement) 13 1 10% CF 8 Hr AW 12.3 5.2 0% CF 8 Hr AW (Movement) 19 8 0% CF 24 Hr AW 18 8.4 100% CF 24 Hr AW (Movement) 23 7.3 10% CF 888 SEALANT CONTROL: 888 Control 31.6 2.7 0% CF 888 Control (Movement) 39 3.1 0% CF 4 Hr H.sub.2O 34.5 3.2 0% CF 4 Hr H.sub.2O (Movement) 34 2.5 0% CF 8 Hr H.sub.2O 32 3.5 0% CF 8 Hr H.sub.2O (Movement) 30.3 1 0% CF ANTI-SCALE: 888 Control 31.6 2.7 0% CF 888 Control (Movement) 39 3.1 0% CF 8 Hr AS 35.5 3.5 0% CF 8 Hr AS (Movement) 24 Hr AS 27.4 1 0% CF 24 Hr AS (Movement) 51.3 2.2 0% CF ANTI-WEAR: 888 Control 31.6 2.7 0% CF 888 Control (Movement) 39 3.1 0% CF 8 Hr AW 32.6 3.6 0% CF 8 Hr AW (Movement) 49 2.8 0% CF 24 Hr AW 25.8 1.8 0% CF 24 Hr AW (Movement) 47 3 0% CF

(49) As these data indicate, pre-treatment of a joint may improve the ability of a sealant to adhere to the joint.

(50) Although the foregoing disclosure provides many specifics, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of any of the ensuing claims. Other embodiments may be devised which do not depart from the scopes of the claims. Features from different embodiments may be employed in combination. The scope of each claim is, therefore, indicated and limited only by its plain language and the full scope of available legal equivalents to its elements.