Diamine compound, and polyamic acid and polyimide using the same

Abstract

Provided are a diamine compound, a polyamic acid and polyimide using the same. The diamine monomer compound is useful for preparing a transparent polyamic acid and polyimide having a high refractive index and a low birefringence.

Claims

1. A diamine monomer compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below: ##STR00013## in Chemical Formula 1, L.sub.1 is each independently O, S or Se; L.sub.2 is each independently (C6-C30)arylene or (C6-C30)heteroarylene, wherein heteroarylene includes at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P, and arylene and heteroarylene may be further substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of (C1-C30)alkyl, halo(C1-C30)alkyl, halogen, (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, (C1-C30)alkoxy, (C6-C30)aryloxy, (C6-C30)aryl, (C6-C30)ar(C1-C30)alkyl, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl, (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C1-C30)alkyl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C6-C30)aryl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, mono- or di(C1-C30)alkylamino, mono- or di(C6-C30)arylamino, tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl, di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl, tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl, nitro and hydroxy; and X.sub.1 is each independently halogen.

2. The diamine monomer compound of claim 1, wherein L.sub.1 is each independently S or Se, and L.sub.2 is each independently selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene, biphenylene, terphenylene, anthrylene, indenylene, fluorenylene, phenanthrylene, triphenylenylene, pyrenylene, furylene, thiophenylene, pyrrolylene, pyranylene, imidazolylene, pyrazolylene, thiazolylene, thiadiazolylene, isothiazolylene, triazinylene, tetrazinylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, furazanylene, pyridinylene, pyrazinylene, benzofuranylene, and benzothiophenylene.

3. The diamine monomer compound of claim 1, wherein it is represented by Chemical Formula 2 below: ##STR00014## in Chemical Formula 2, L.sub.1 is each independently O, S or Se; and X.sub.1 is each independently halogen.

4. The diamine monomer compound of claim 3, wherein the diamine monomer compound is selected from the following structure: ##STR00015##

5. A preparation method of a diamine monomer compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below, the preparation method comprising: preparing the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below through benzidine rearrangement of a compound represented by Chemical Formula 6 below: ##STR00016## in Chemical Formulas 1 and 6, L.sub.1 is each independently O, S or Se; and L.sub.2 is each independently (C6-C30)arylene or (C6-C30)heteroarylene, wherein heteroarylene includes at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P, and arylene and heteroarylene may be further substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of (C1-C30)alkyl, halo(C1-C30)alkyl, halogen, (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, (C1-C30)alkoxy, (C6-C30)aryloxy, (C6-C30)aryl, (C6-C30)ar(C1-C30)alkyl, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl, (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C1-C30)alkyl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C6-C30)aryl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, mono- or di(C1-C30)alkylamino, mono- or di(C6-C30)arylamino, tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl, di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl, tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl, nitro and hydroxy; and X.sub.1 is halogen.

6. The preparation method of claim 5, wherein the compound represented by Chemical Formula 6 below is prepared by the following steps: preparing a compound represented by Chemical Formula 5 below by reacting a compound represented by Chemical Formula 3 below with a compound represented by Chemical Formula 4 below; and preparing the compound represented by Chemical Formula 6 below by forming diazene from the compound represented by Chemical Formula 5 in the presence of zinc and then converting the diazene into diazane: ##STR00017## in Chemical Formulas 1, 3 to 6, L.sub.1 is each independently O, S or Se; L.sub.2 is each independently (C6-C30)arylene or (C6-C30)heteroarylene, wherein heteroarylene includes at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P, and arylene and heteroarylene may be further substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of (C1-C30)alkyl, halo(C1-C30)alkyl, halogen, (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, (C1-C30)alkoxy, (C6-C30)aryloxy, (C6-C30)aryl, (C6-C30)ar(C1-C30)alkyl, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl, (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C1-C30)alkyl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C6-C30)aryl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, mono- or di(C1-C30)alkylamino, mono- or di(C6-C30)arylamino, tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl, di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl, tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl, nitro and hydroxy; and X.sub.1 and X.sub.a are each independently halogen.

7. The preparation method of claim 5, wherein L.sub.1 is each independently S or Se, and L.sub.2 is each independently selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene, biphenylene, terphenylene, anthrylene, indenylene, fluorenylene, phenanthrylene, triphenylenylene, pyrenylene, furylene, thiophenylene, pyrrolylene, pyranylene, imidazolylene, pyrazolylene, thiazolylene, thiadiazolylene, isothiazolylene, triazinylene, tetrazinylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, furazanylene, pyridinylene, pyrazinylene, benzofuranylene, and benzothiophenylene.

8. A polymer material obtained by a polymerization reaction using the diamine monomer compound of claim 1.

9. A polyamic acid represented by Chemical Formula 9 below obtained by a polymerization reaction between the diamine monomer compound of claim 1 and a tetracarboxylic acid represented by Chemical Formula 7 below or dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 8 below: ##STR00018## in Chemical Formulas 7 to 9, L.sub.1 is each independently O, S or Se; L.sub.2 is each independently (C6-C30)arylene or (C6-C30)heteroarylene, wherein heteroarylene includes at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P, and arylene and heteroarylene may be further substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of (C1-C30)alkyl, halo(C1-C30)alkyl, halogen, (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, (C1-C30)alkoxy, (C6-C30)aryloxy, (C6-C30)aryl, (C6-C30)ar(C1-C30)alkyl, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl, (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C1-C30)alkyl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C6-C30)aryl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, mono- or di(C1-C30)alkylamino, mono- or di(C6-C30)arylamino, tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl, di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl, tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl, nitro and hydroxy; A is (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, (C3-C30)heterocycloalkyl, (C6-C30)aryl or (C3-C30)heteroaryl, wherein heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl each independently include at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P; n is an integer of 5 to 100,000; and X.sub.1 is halogen.

10. The polyamic acid of claim 9, wherein A is selected from the following structures: ##STR00019##

11. The polyamic acid of claim 9, is obtained by a polymerization reaction using 10 to 100 parts by weight of the tetracarboxylic acid or dianhydride based on 100 parts by weight of the diamine monomer compound.

12. A polyimide obtained by a cyclization reaction of the polyamic acid of claim 9.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is an oak ridge thermal ellipsoid plot (ORTEP) diagram illustrating a single crystal of a diamine monomer compound prepared by Example 1 of the present invention;

(2) FIG. 2 is a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of polyimides prepared by Examples 2 to 6 of the present invention;

(3) FIG. 3 illustrates analysis results of wide angle x-ray diffractograms (waxd) of polyimides prepared by Examples 2 to 6 of the present invention;

(4) FIG. 4 illustrates optical transmission spectrums ((a) Example 3CBDA-BTPB; (b) Example 26FDA-BTPB; (c) Example 4BPDA-BTPB; (d) Example 5PMDA-BTPB; (e) Example 6BTDA-BTPB; (f) PMDA-ODA) of polyimides prepared by Examples 2 to 6 of the present invention;

(5) FIG. 5 illustrates analysis results of wavelength dispersion of polyimides prepared by Examples 2 to 6 of the present invention;

(6) FIG. 6 is a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) graph illustrating thermal properties of polyimides prepared by Examples 2 to 6 of the present invention; and

(7) FIG. 7 is a differential calorimetry (DSC) graph illustrating thermal properties of polyimides prepared by Examples 2 to 6 of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(8) Hereinafter, a novel diamine monomer compound having a symmetric structure which is useful in manufacturing a transparent polyimide film simultaneously having a high refractive index and a low birefringence, and polyamic acid and polyimide using the same will be described. Meanwhile, unless technical and scientific terms used herein are defined otherwise, they have meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Known functions and components will be omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.

(9) The diamine monomer compound according to the present invention may have high atomic polarization of a molecular structure by including atoms having large volume such as electron-accepting heteroatoms, halogen atoms, and the like, in electron-donating biphenyl diamine, such that the polyimide prepared therefrom may minimize charge transfer and interaction of polyimide chains, thereby reducing coloring of the polyimide and implementing more improved refractive index.

(10) In addition, the diamine monomer compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below according to the present invention may form large open volume in a main chain of polyimide by introducing aromatic substituents including atoms having large volume:

(11) ##STR00004##

(12) in Chemical Formula 1,

(13) L.sub.1 is each independently O, S or Se;

(14) L.sub.2 is each independently (C6-C30)arylene or (C6-C30)heteroarylene, wherein heteroarylene includes at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P, and arylene and heteroarylene may be further substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of (C1-C30)alkyl, halo(C1-C30)alkyl, halogen, (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, (C1-C30)alkoxy, (C6-C30)aryloxy, (C6-C30)aryl, (C6-C30)ar(C1-C30)alkyl, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl, (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C1-C30)alkyl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C6-C30)aryl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, mono- or di(C1-C30)alkylamino, mono- or di(C6-C30)arylamino, tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl, di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl, tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl, nitro and hydroxy; and

(15) X.sub.1 is each independently halogen.

(16) Term: arylene used herein, which is an organic radical derived from aromatic hydrocarbon due to removal of two hydrogen, includes a single ring system or a fused ring system suitably including 4 to 7 ring atoms, preferably, 5 or 6 ring atoms in each ring, and even includes a form in which a plurality of aryls are connected to each other by a single bond. Specific examples of the arylene may include phenylene, naphthylene, biphenylene, anthrylene, indenylene, fluorenylene, phenanthrylene, triphenylene, pyrenylene, and the like, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

(17) Term: heteroarylene used herein, which is an organic radical derived from aromatic hydrocarbon due to removal of two hydrogen, may be a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical including 3 to 8 ring atoms including at least one heteroatom selected from B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P, and includes a single ring system or a fused ring system suitably including 3 to 7 ring atoms, preferably, 5 or 6 ring atoms in each ring, and even includes a form in which a plurality of heteroaryls are connected to each other by a single bond. Specific examples include monocyclic heteroarylenes such as furylene, thiophenylene, pyrrolylene, pyranylene, imidazolylene, pyrazolylene, thiazolylene, thiadiazolylene, isothiazolylene, isoxazolylene, oxazolylene, oxadiazolylene, triazinylene, tetrazinylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, furazanylene, pyridylene, pyrazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyridazinylene, and the like; and polycyclic heteroarylenes such as benzofuranylene, benzothiophenylene, isobenzofuranylene, benzoimidazolylene, benzothiazolylene, benzoisothiazolylene, benzoisoxazolylene, benzooxazolylene, isoindolylene, indolylene, indazolylene, benzo-thiadiazolylene, quinolylene, isoquinolylene, cinnolinylene, quinazolinylene, quinolizinylene, quinoxalinylene, carbazolylene, phenanthridinylene, benzodioxolylene, and the like, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

(18) Further, term: alkyl, alkoxy and substituents including other alkyl portions used herein, includes both of linear and branched forms, and term: halogen means fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) or iodine (I), preferably, fluorine or chlorine.

(19) In the diamine monomer compound according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in order to have high atomic refraction, the L.sub.1 may be each independently S or Se, and in order to have excellent physical properties and a high refractive index, L.sub.2 may be each independently selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene, biphenylene, terphenylene, anthrylene, indenylene, fluorenylene, phenanthrylene, triphenylenylene, pyrenylene, furylene, thiophenylene, pyrrolylene, pyranylene, imidazolylene, pyrazolylene, thiazolylene, thiadiazolylene, isothiazolylene, triazinylene, tetrazinylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, furazanylene, pyridinylene, pyrazinylene, benzofuranylene, benzothiophenylene, and the like, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

(20) In detail, the diamine monomer compound according to the present invention may be represented by Chemical Formula 2 below, which is prepared by introducing substituents including atoms having large volume such as heteroatoms and halogen atoms at a meta position of a symmetric structure on a non-coplane to biphenyl diamine to be capable of providing strong rigidity to a main chain of polyimide prepared by using the diamine monomer compound:

(21) ##STR00005##

(22) in Chemical Formula 2,

(23) L.sub.1 is each independently O, S or Se; and

(24) X.sub.1 is each independently halogen.

(25) In detail, the diamine monomer compound according to the present invention simultaneously has a high refractive index and a low birefringence and has aromatic ring substituents including atoms having large volume at a meta position of biphenyl diamine, and accordingly, the diamine monomer compound may be selected from the following structure in order to maintain rigidity of the main chain of the polymer, but the present invention is not limited thereto:

(26) ##STR00006##

(27) The diamine monomer compound according to the present invention may be prepared by various synthetic methods. However, the diamine monomer compound may be prepared by a preparation method of a diamine monomer compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below, the preparation method including: preparing the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 through benzidine rearrangement of a compound represented by Chemical Formula 6 below in order to have a high reaction yield and mild reaction conditions:

(28) ##STR00007##

(29) in Chemical Formulas 1 and 6,

(30) L.sub.1 is each independently O, S or Se;

(31) L.sub.2 is each independently (C6-C30)arylene or (C6-C30)heteroarylene, wherein heteroarylene includes at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P, and arylene and heteroarylene may be further substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of (C1-C30)alkyl, halo(C1-C30)alkyl, halogen, (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, (C1-C30)alkoxy, (C6-C30)aryloxy, (C6-C30)aryl, (C6-C30)ar(C1-C30)alkyl, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl, (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C1-C30)alkyl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C6-C30)aryl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, mono- or di(C1-C30)alkylamino, mono- or di(C6-C30)arylamino, tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl, di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl, tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl, nitro and hydroxy; and

(32) X.sub.1 is halogen.

(33) In addition, the compound represented by Chemical Formula 6 above may be prepared by the following steps: preparing a compound represented by Chemical Formula 5 below by reacting a compound represented by Chemical Formula 3 below with a compound represented by Chemical Formula 4 below; and preparing the compound represented by Chemical Formula 6 below by forming diazene from the compound represented by Chemical Formula 5 in the presence of zinc and then converting the diazene into diazane, but the present invention is not limited thereto:

(34) ##STR00008##

(35) in Chemical Formulas 1, 2 to 6,

(36) L.sub.1 is each independently O, S or Se;

(37) L.sub.2 is each independently (C6-C30)arylene or (C6-C30)heteroarylene, wherein heteroarylene includes at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P, and arylene and heteroarylene may be further substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of (C1-C30)alkyl, halo(C1-C30)alkyl, halogen, (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, (C1-C30)alkoxy, (C6-C30)aryloxy, (C6-C30)aryl, (C6-C30)ar(C1-C30)alkyl, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl, (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C1-C30)alkyl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C6-C30)aryl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, mono- or di(C1-C30)alkylamino, mono- or di(C6-C30)arylamino, tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl, di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl, tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl, nitro and hydroxy; and

(38) X.sub.1 and X.sub.a are each independently halogen.

(39) In the preparation method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in the diamine monomer compound capable of preparing polyimide having a high refractive index and a low birefringence and also having high solubility and transparency without deteriorating heat resistance, L.sub.1 may be each independently S or Se, and L.sub.2 may be each independently selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene, biphenylene, terphenylene, anthrylene, indenylene, fluorenylene, phenanthrylene, triphenylenylene, pyrenylene, furylene, thiophenylene, pyrrolylene, pyranylene, imidazolylene, pyrazolylene, thiazolylene, thiadiazolylene, isothiazolylene, triazinylene, tetrazinylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, furazanylene, pyridinylene, pyrazinylene, benzofuranylene, benzothiophenylene, and the like, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

(40) The preparation method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be performed in the presence of general solvents. Non-limiting examples of the solvent may include at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of C1-C4 alcohol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethylformamide (DMF), m-cresol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, diethyl acetate, and the like, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

(41) The present invention provides a polymer material obtained by a polymerization reaction using the diamine monomer compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 above. Here, the polymer material may be a polyamic acid obtained by a polymerization reaction between the diamine monomer compound according to the present invention and a tetracarboxylic acid or dianhydride or a polyimide obtained by a cyclization reaction of the polyamic acid.

(42) The polyamic acid according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be obtained by a polymerization reaction between the diamine monomer compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and the tetracarboxylic acid represented by Chemical Formula 7 below or the dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 8 below, and the polyamic acid may be represented by Chemical Formula 9 below:

(43) ##STR00009##

(44) in Chemical Formulas 1, 7 to 9,

(45) L.sub.1 is each independently O, S or Se;

(46) L.sub.2 is each independently (C6-C30)arylene or (C6-C30)heteroarylene, wherein heteroarylene includes at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P, and arylene and heteroarylene may be further substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of (C1-C30)alkyl, halo(C1-C30)alkyl, halogen, (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, (C1-C30)alkoxy, (C6-C30)aryloxy, (C6-C30)aryl, (C6-C30)ar(C1-C30)alkyl, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl, (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C1-C30)alkyl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C6-C30)aryl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, mono- or di(C1-C30)alkylamino, mono- or di(C6-C30)arylamino, tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl, di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl, tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl, nitro and hydroxy;

(47) A is (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, (C3-C30)heterocycloalkyl, (C6-C30)aryl or (C3-C30)heteroaryl, wherein heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl each independently include at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P;

(48) n is an integer of 5 to 100,000; and

(49) X.sub.1 is halogen.

(50) The n of the polyamic acid according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is preferably an integer of 10 to 50,000, and more preferably, an integer of 100 to 10,000.

(51) A of the tetracarboxylic acid or the dianhydride according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be selected from structures below, but the present invention is not limited thereto:

(52) ##STR00010##

(53) In addition, the polyamic acid according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be prepared by using the tetracarboxylic acid or the dianhydride in an amount of 1 to 200 moles, preferably, 10 to 150 moles, and more preferably, 50 to 100 moles, based on 1 mole of the diamine monomer compound. Here, the polyamic acid may be prepared in the presence of a polar solvent at 0 to 300 C., and may be prepared under mild conditions such as room temperature (20 C.) to 50 C. due to high reactivity of the diamine monomer compound according to the present invention.

(54) The present invention provides a polyimide represented by Chemical Formula 10 below, obtained by a cyclization reaction of the polyamic acid represented by Chemical Formula 9. Here, the cyclization reaction of the polyamic acid may be performed under general cyclization conditions. Here, in order to effectively perform an imidization reaction which is the cyclization reaction, a catalytic amount of a dehydrating-cyclization agent, an imidization catalyst, or the like, may be further added thereto, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described materials.

(55) ##STR00011##

(56) in Chemical Formula 10,

(57) L.sub.1 is each independently O, S or Se;

(58) L.sub.2 is each independently (C6-C30)arylene or (C6-C30)heteroarylene, wherein heteroarylene includes at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P, and arylene and heteroarylene may be further substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of (C1-C30)alkyl, halo(C1-C30)alkyl, halogen, (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, (C1-C30)alkoxy, (C6-C30)aryloxy, (C6-C30)aryl, (C6-C30)ar(C1-C30)alkyl, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl, (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C1-C30)alkyl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, (C6-C30)aryl-substituted (C3-C30)heteroaryl, mono- or di(C1-C30)alkylamino, mono- or di(C6-C30)arylamino, tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl, di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl, tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl, nitro and hydroxy;

(59) A is (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, (C3-C30)heterocycloalkyl, (C6-C30)aryl or (C3-C30)heteroaryl, wherein heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl each independently include at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, P(O), Si and P;

(60) n is an integer of 5 to 100,000; and

(61) X.sub.1 is halogen.

(62) In addition, the present invention is capable of forming a polyimide film by dissolving the polyamic acid or polyimide in a solvent and coating the polyamic acid or polyimide on a substrate, followed by heat treatment. Here, the solvent is not limited as long as it is a solvent which is generally used in the art. Preferably, the solvent may be at least one polar solvent selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethylformamide (DMF), m-cresol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, diethyl acetate, and the like. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described solvent.

(63) The coating according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be performed by impregnation, casting coating, or the like, and may be performed at 60 to 400 C. for 30 minutes to 48 hours. In addition, it is preferred that the heat treatment is sequentially performed from a low temperature to a high temperature into two or more stages. The most preferably, the heat treatment is performed at 60 C. to 100 C. for 1 hour to 24 hours, at 110 C. to 150 C. for 30 minutes to 5 hours, at 160 C. to 200 C. for 30 minutes to 5 hours, at 210 C. to 250 C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours, and at 260 C. to 300 C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours.

(64) Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by the following Examples. However, the following Examples of the present invention have been described to help the understanding of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

Example 1

Synthesis of 2,2-Bis(4-chlorothiophenyl)benzidine (BTPB)

(65) ##STR00012##

Step 1. Synthesis of (4-Chlorophenyl)(3-nitrophenyl)sulfane (2)

(66) 200 ml of dried DMF was added to a 500 ml round bottom flask under nitrogen atmosphere. 4-Chlorothiophenol (21.69 g, 150 mmol), 1-iodo-3-nitrobenzene (37.35 g, 150 mmol), K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (41.4 g, 300 mmol), CuI (4.29 g, 22.5 mmol), and PEG-400 (5 mL) were added thereto and reacted at 120 C. for 12 hours. Then, the mixture was cooled to room temperature (20 C.) and a wine red colored solution was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated on a rotary evaporator, and 400 ml of cold ice water was slowly poured to filter white precipitate. The obtained product was washed with cold water three times, and vacuum-dried at 60 C. for 12 hours, to obtain an off-white target compound (36.7 g, 92%).

(67) Melting point (mp); 63-64 C.

(68) .sup.1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6): 8.11 (bd, J=8.0 Hz, 1H, Ph-H), 7.98 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H, Ph-H), 7.70 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H, Ph-H), 7.65 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H, Ph-H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 4H, Ph-H)

(69) .sup.13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6): 148.4, 139.9, 134.8, 133.8, 132.9, 130.7, 130.5, 129.9, 123.0, 122.6

(70) Anal. calcd. for C.sub.12H.sub.8ClNO.sub.2S: C, 54.24; H, 3.03; N, 5.27. found: C, 54.12; H, 3.10; N, 5.32.

(71) FT-IR (KBr, cm.sup.1): 1518, 1347, 1087, 821, 725.

Step 2: Synthesis of Diazene Compound (3)

(72) (4-Chlorophenyl) 3-nitrophenyl)sulfane (2) (26.5 g, 100 mmol) was dispersed in ethanol (200 ml), and the dispersion was poured into a sodium hydroxide solution (20 ml) containing sodium hydroxide (20 g, 500 mmol). Zinc powder (18 g, 275 mmol) was slowly added to the mixture and refluxed while stirring for one day. The hot reaction mixture was washed with ethanol and filtered. The filtrate was added to cold water (500 ml) and stirred to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate was dried at 40 C. for 24 hours in a vacuum oven to obtain an orange yellow target compound, and directly used in the next step without further purification (19.6 g, 84%).

Step 3: Synthesis of Diazene Compound (4)

(73) Zinc powder (2.62 g, 40 mmol) was slowly added to a diazene compound (3) (18.7 g, 40 mmol) which is not dissolved in acetone (100 ml). NH.sub.4Cl (40 ml) was slowly further added thereto. The mixture was reacted at room temperature for 3 hours and extracted with chloroform. One drop of 10% ammonia solution was added to the extracted solution to obtain a solid, and the obtained solid was filtered to obtain a light yellow solid (17.7 g, 94%).

(74) .sup.1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6): 8.31 (s, 2H, NH), 7.81 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 4H, Ph-H), 7.76 (br, d, J=3.0 Hz, 2H, Ph-H), 7.62 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H, Ph-H), 7.48-7.41 (m, 8H, Ph-H).

(75) FT-IR (KBr, cm.sup.1): 3345, 1595, 1472, 1089.

Step 4: Synthesis of Diamine Monomer Compound 2,2-Bis(4-chlorothiophenyl)benzidine (BTPB)

(76) A diazane solution was prepared by dissolving the diazane compound (4) (16.9 g, 36 mmol) in dried ethanol (200 ml) under nitrogen atmosphere. Ethanol-hydrochloric acid (1:1) (80 ml) was added to ice water and cooled to 0 C., and then was added to the diazane solution for 2 hours. After the addition was completed, ice bath was removed, and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a white solid precipitate. The precipitate was filtered and washed with ethanol several times, and the obtained precipitate was dissolved in water (100 ml). 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added thereto, and organic materials were extracted with DCM. The extracted materials with DCM were evaporated and dried to obtain a white solid. The white solid was re-crystallized with solution (EtOAc:hexane=1:1) (12.2 g, 72.0%).

(77) Melting point (mp); 168-169 C.

(78) .sup.1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 7.20 (bs, 4H, Ph-H), 6.98 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H, Ph-H), 6.55 (dd, J=6.4 Hz 2.0 Hz, 1H, Ph-H), 6.48 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H, Ph-H), 3.63 (s, 4H, NH.sub.2)

(79) .sup.13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6): 146.6, 136.7, 134.5, 133.1, 133.0, 132.9, 132.1, 131.9, 131.6, 129.2, 129.1, 129.0, 116.8, 116.7, 113.8, 113.7

(80) Anal. calcd. for C.sub.24H.sub.18Cl.sub.2N.sub.2S.sub.2: C, 61.40; H, 3.86; N, 5.97.

(81) found: C, 61.27; H, 3.91; N, 6.05.

(82) FT-IR (KBr, cm.sup.1): 3327, 3078, 3020, 1600, 1470, 1277, 1225, 1089, 1011, 824

(83) Crystal data: 0.220.130.07 mm, C24H18C12N2S2, light yellow, f.sub.w=469.42; Orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1); a=9.3298(4) , b=12.8039(6) , c=18.0035(8) , ===90; V=2150.66(17) .sup.3, Z=4; T=200(2) K, R indices [I>2sigma(I)]: R1=0.0510, wR2=0.0947; R indices (all data): R1=0.0918, wR2=0.1583; GOF=1.136.

(84) It may be appreciated from an oak ridge thermal ellipsoid plot (ORTEP) diagram of a single crystal of the diamine monomer compound prepared by Example 1 above that a torsion angle (plane 1: C7-C12 and plane 2: C6-C5) between phenyl rings of two central nitrogen bonds is 55.07, and a torsion angle (plane 3: C1-S1 and plane 4: C12-S2) between two CS bonds is 130.24, and a torsion angle (plane 5: C24-C19 and C13-C14) between 1,4-disubstituted phenyl rings is 49.03.

(85) That is, it may be appreciated that the phenyl rings of the diamine monomer compound are 2,2-disubstituted in non-coplanar forms.

(86) As illustrated in FIG. 1, the diamine monomer compound (BTPB) prepared by Example 1 above has a non-coplanar twist bar form. The form may hinder close packing of polymer chains to enhance solubility in forming polyimide. Meanwhile, the non-coplanar structure may effectively reduce charge transfer and interaction in molecules and among molecules to increase optical transparency of the polyimide film manufactured by using the non-coplanar structure. In addition, a refractive index of BTPB-based polyimide may be effectively increased by heteroatoms such as sulfur, chlorine, and the like, which are present in the substituents of BTPB.

Example 2

(87) The diamine monomer compound (BTPB) (1 mmol, 0.469 g) prepared by Example 1 and 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) (1 mmol, 0.444 g) were dissolved in NMP (2.13 g) under nitrogen atmosphere and stirred at room temperature for 48 hours to prepare a polyamic acid (3.04 g, 30%).

(88) The polyamic acid (20 g) prepared by the above-described method was dissolved in NMP (80 g), followed by spin-coating on a glass substrate and loading nitrogen under imidization crosslinking conditions, and dried at 80 C. for 8 hours, at 150 C. for 2 hours, at 200 C. for 2 hours, at 250 C. for 1 hour and at 300 C. for 1 hour. Then, the glass substrate was added to water to obtain a polyimide film.

Example 3

(89) A polyimide film was obtained by the same method as Example 2 except for using cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) (1 mmol, 0.196 g) instead of using 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA).

Example 4

(90) A polyimide film was obtained by the same method as Example 2 except for using 3,3,4,4-biphenyltetracarboxyic dianhydride (BPDA) (1 mmol, 0.294 g) instead of using 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA).

Example 5

(91) A polyimide film was obtained by the same method as Example 2 except for using pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) (1 mmol, 0.218 g) instead of using 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA).

Example 6

(92) A polyimide film was obtained by the same method as Example 2 except for using 3,3,4,4-benzophenone-3,3,4,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) (1 mmol, 0.322 g) instead of using 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA)

(93) A refractive index (n.sub.TE, n.sub.TM) and a birefringence (n) of the polyimide films manufactured by the above-described method were measured at 633 nm by the following methods, and the results thereof were shown in Table 1 below, and physical and chemical properties of the polyimide films were measured, and the results thereof were shown in Table 2 below and FIGS. 2 to 7.

(94) Method of Measuring Refractive Index

(95) A refractive index in a horizontal direction, a refractive index in a vertical direction, and an average refractive index were measured by using an Abbe refractometer (Atago Co., Ltd.).

(96) Method of Measuring Birefringence

(97) The birefringence was measured at 633 nm three times by a refringence analyzer (Prism Coupler, Sairon SPA 4000), and an average thereof was determined as the birefringence.

(98) In addition, the viscosity of each polyamic acid prepared by Examples 2 to 6 was measured by Oswald viscometer at 25 C. As a result, it was confirmed that the viscosities were 1.25, 0.98, 1.18, 1.22, and 1.20 dL/g, and that characteristic peaks of the polyamic acid were 1781-1774 (CO, asymmetric), 1720-1716 (CO, symmetric), 1362-1354 (CN) and 1090-1084 (CS.sub.aromatic), respectively, by FT-IR (KBr, cm.sup.1).

(99) Table 1 below shows results of refractive indices (n.sub.TE, n.sub.TM) and birefringences (n) at 633 nm of the polyimides prepared by Examples 2 to 6, wherein n.sub.TE indicates refractive indices in a horizontal direction, n.sub.TM indicates refractive indices in a vertical direction, n.sub.av indicates average refractive indices, n indicates birefringences, n.sub. indicates refractive indices at infinite wavelength, D indicates coefficients of wavelength dispersion, V indicates Abbe numbers, and .sub.cutoff indicates measurement wavelength regions.

(100) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 D .sub.cutoff Example nTE nTM n.sub.av n n (10.sup.3) V (nm) 2 1.6489 1.6485 1.6487 0.0004 1.6087 16.55 20.78 358 3 1.6961 1.6973 1.6963 0.0012 1.6334 24.16 15.26 445 4 1.6737 1.6759 1.6744 0.0022 1.6005 28.59 12.51 322 5 1.6911 1.6927 1.6916 0.0016 1.6156 29.02 12.63 414 6 1.7107 1.7103 1.7106 0.0004 1.6868 9.19 40.53 387

(101) Table 2 below shows color at a thickness of 20 m, glass transition temperature, each temperature at 5% weight loss and 10% weight loss, a residual weight ratio at 800 C. (R.sub.w800) and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), of each polyimide prepared by Examples 2 to 6.

(102) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 CTE T.sub.g ( C.).sup.b T.sub.d.sup.5 T.sub.d.sup.10 R.sub.w800 (ppm/ Example Film.sup.a DSC DMA ( C.).sup.c ( C.).sup.c (%).sup.d K) 2 colorless 228 244 487 501 47 60.8 6 yellow 219 239 469 495 41 63.0 3 colorless 263 453 468 53 35.9 5 pale yellow 328 306 490 509 48 10.0 4 almost 225 243 484 499 46 39.7 colorless .sup.aColor at the thickness of ~20 m, .sup.bTg: glass transition temperature, .sup.cTd5, Td10: temperatures at 5% and 10% weight loss, respectively; .sup.dRw800: residual weight ratio at 800 C. in nitrogen. CTE: coefficient of thermal expansions.

(103) As shown in Tables 1 and 2, it could be confirmed that when the polyimide film was manufactured by using the diamine monomer compound according to the present invention, a transparent polyimide film having a low birefringence and excellent heat resistant property was capable of being manufactured, the transparent polyimide film having more improved refractive index by minimizing charge transfer and interaction of polyimide chains while maintaining a rigid structure of polyimide, and including atoms having large volume such as chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and the like, to exhibit high atomic polarization phenomenon of a molecular structure.

(104) Therefore, the diamine monomer compound according to the present invention may be effectively utilized for preparing a transparent polyamic acid and polyimide having a high refractive index and a low birefringence.

(105) The diamine monomer compound according to the present invention may have high solubility to solvents and high atomic polarization by introducing aromatic ring substituents including electron-accepting heteroatoms and halogen atoms into electron-donating biphenyl diamine.

(106) The polyimide prepared by using the diamine monomer compound according to the present invention may improve a refractive index by minimizing charge transfer and interaction of polyimide chains. In addition, the polyimide may have a much lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) due to strong rigidity of a main chain of the polymer, and may include atoms having large volume such as chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and the like, to exhibit high atomic polarization phenomenon of a molecular structure, such that when the polyimide is manufactured into a film, excellent thermal, mechanical and optical properties may be implemented.