MULTISTAGE BATH CONDENSER-REBOILER AND CRYOGENIC AIR SEPARATION UNIT USING THE SAME

Abstract

One object of the present invention is to provide a multistage bath condenser-reboiler capable of suppressing a decrease in condensation efficiency and making it compact. The present invention provides a multistage bath condenser-reboiler, including: a heat exchange core including a heat exchange section formed by adjacently stacking an evaporation passage through which liquid to be evaporated flows, and which is partitioned into a plurality of stages, and a condensation passage through which gas is condensed by heat exchange with the liquid; a liquid reservoir which is configured to store liquid which is supplied into the evaporation passage or flowed out from the evaporation passage; and a liquid communication passage which is configured to flow the liquid in the liquid reservoir from an upper liquid reservoir into a lower liquid reservoir; and the liquid reservoir is provided for each evaporation passage partitioned into the plurality of stages on at least one side surface in a width direction of the heat exchanger core, which is orthogonal to a stacking direction of the condensation passage and the evaporation passage, wherein the condensation passage is divided at least two stages, and wherein the multistage bath condenser-reboiler further comprises: a gas header which is provided at the top of each stage of the condensation passage to supply the gas into the condensation passage of each stage; condensation inlet flow channels which introduce the gas supplied in the gas header into the condensation passage; a liquid header which is provided at the bottom of each stage of the condensation passage, and collects liquid generated by condensation of the gas in the condensation passage, and condensation outlet flow channels which flow out the liquid generated by condensation into the liquid header.

Claims

1. A multistage bath condenser-reboiler, comprising: a heat exchange core comprising a heat exchange section formed by adjacently stacking an evaporation passage through which liquid to be evaporated flows, and which is partitioned into a plurality of stages, and formed by plates and fins, and a condensation passage through which gas is condensed by heat exchange with the liquid, and which is formed by plates and fins; a liquid reservoir which is configured to store liquid which is supplied into the evaporation passage or flowed out from the evaporation passage; and a liquid communication passage which is configured to flow the liquid in the liquid reservoir from an upper liquid reservoir into a lower liquid reservoir; and the liquid reservoir is provided for each evaporation passage partitioned into the plurality of stages on at least one side surface in a width direction of the heat exchanger core, which is orthogonal to a stacking direction of the condensation passage and the evaporation passage, wherein the condensation passage is divided at least two stages, and wherein the multistage bath condenser-reboiler further comprises: a gas header which is provided at the top of each stage of the condensation passage to supply the gas into the condensation passage of each stage; condensation inlet flow channels which introduce the gas supplied in the gas header into the condensation passage; a liquid header which is provided at the bottom of each stage of the condensation passage, and collects liquid generated by condensation of the gas in the condensation passage, and condensation outlet flow channels which flow out the liquid generated by condensation into the liquid header.

2. The multistage bath condenser-reboiler according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchange core further comprises a liquid communication section which forms the liquid communication passage, and provided on at least one side surface in a stacking direction of the heat exchange core.

3. A cryogenic air separation unit comprising the multistage bath condenser-reboiler according to claim 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a heat exchange block in a multistage bath condenser-reboiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a cryogenic air separation unit provided with the multistage bath condenser-reboiler including the heat exchange block shown in FIG. 1.

[0037] FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a heat exchange block in a conventional multistage bath condenser-reboiler.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0038] The multistage bath condenser-reboiler according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1 showing a heat exchange block 11, which is the main component thereof. In FIG. 1, the same parts as those in FIG. 3 and the corresponding parts showing the conventional example are designated by the same reference numerals.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 1, the heat exchange block 11 of the multistage bath condenser-reboiler according to the embodiment of the present invention includes evaporation passages 2 each of which is divided into 6 stages (E1 to E6) and through which evaporating liquid oxygen flows, liquid reservoirs 6 which store liquid supplied from and discharged into the evaporation passage 2, liquid communication sections 5 which form liquid communication passages for flowing the liquid in the liquid reservoir 6 from the upper liquid reservoir 6 into the lower liquid reservoir 6, and condensation passages 1 through which nitrogen gas that exchanges heat with liquid oxygen and condenses flows.

[0040] In the present embodiment, the heat exchange block 11 of the multistage bath condenser-reboiler includes a heat exchange core 7 including a heat exchange section 3 formed by stacking the evaporation passage 2 and the condensation passage 1 and liquid communication sections 5 formed by plates and fins.

[0041] The liquid reservoir 6 is provided in each stage of the evaporation passages 2 on both sides of the heat exchanger core 7.

[0042] Further, the condensation passage 1 is divided into two stages, an upper condensation zone (C1) and a lower condensation zone (C2). At the upper part of the upper condensation zone (C1) and the upper part of the lower condensation zone (C2), a gas header 8 that supplies nitrogen gas into each of the upper condensation zone (C1) and the lower condensation zone (C2) via the condensation inlet flow channels 111 are provided.

[0043] Further, at the lower part of the upper condensation zone (C1) and the lower part of the lower condensation zone (C2), a liquid header 9 that collects liquefied nitrogen generated in the upper condensation zone (C1) and the lower condensation zone (C2) via condensation outlet flow channels 112 is provided.

[0044] The liquid communication passage formed by the liquid communication sections 5 is provided so that the fluid flows continuously from the upper end to the lower end of the heat exchange core 7. That is, in the present embodiment, the condensation passage 1 is divided into two stages, the upper condensation zone (C1) and the lower condensation zone (C2). However, as in the conventional example shown in FIG. 3, the liquid communication passage is continuous from the upper end to the lower end of the heat exchange core 7 without being partitioned in the middle and discharging and supplying the fluid.

[0045] The liquid communication passage in the present embodiment includes the liquid communication sections 5 formed by plates and fins on both sides of the heat exchange core 7 in the stacking direction. However, it is not essential that the liquid communication passage be provided integrally with the heat exchange core 7, and it may be formed by, for example, a pipe connecting each liquid reservoir 6 separately from the heat exchange core 7.

[0046] Further, the liquid communication section 5 is provided on both sides of the heat exchange core 7 in the stacking height direction in the present embodiment, but the liquid communication section 5 may be provided on one side.

[0047] The operation of the multistage bath condenser-reboiler of the present embodiment described above will be described.

[0048] The liquid oxygen is supplied into the liquid reservoir 6 at the uppermost stage, into the evaporation passage 2 from the evaporation passage inlet 21 at the lower part of the evaporation zone E1 by heat exchange with the nitrogen gas flowing through the condensation passage 1, ascends while evaporating, and flows out into in the gas-liquid two-phase flow into the liquid reservoir 6 from the evaporation passage outlet 22 at the upper part of the evaporation zone E1.

[0049] The oxygen gas flowing out into the liquid reservoir 6 is discharged from the upper part of the liquid reservoir 6. The liquid oxygen that has not evaporated is returned into liquid reservoir 6 again. When the liquid level of the liquid reservoir 6 becomes higher than the position of the liquid communication section inlet 51 of the liquid communication section 5, the liquid oxygen flows into the liquid communication section 5 from the liquid communication section inlet 51, and is then supplied into the lower liquid reservoir 6 from the liquid communication section outlet 52 in the evaporation zone E2.

[0050] Similarly, in the evaporation zone E2, evaporation and liquid supply to the third stage by the liquid communication passage are performed. In the subsequent evaporation zones E3, E4, E5, and E6, evaporation and liquid supply are repeated in the same manner. However, in the evaporation zone E6, the liquid oxygen introduced in the liquid communication section 5 of the evaporation zone E5 is supplied from the bottom of the liquid communication passage to the bottom of the container (not shown) for accommodating the heat exchange block 11, and some of the liquid oxygen evaporates.

[0051] On the other hand, nitrogen gas flows in the heat exchange block 11 from the gas headers 8 provided at the top and the middle of the heat exchange block 11. The nitrogen gas flowing in from the top is condensed in the upper condensation zone (C1), and the nitrogen gas flowing in from the middle is condensed in the lower condensation zone (C2) by heat exchange with the liquid oxygen flowing through the evaporation passage 2, and discharged as liquid nitrogen from the liquid headers 9 provided at the middle and the bottom, respectively.

[0052] Table 2 shows comparisons between the liquid flow profile in the condensation passage 1 in the multistage bath condenser-reboiler shown in FIG. 1 and the liquid flow profile in the condensation passage in the conventional multistage bath condenser-reboiler (FIG. 3) having the same heat transfer area as that of the multistage bath condenser-reboiler shown in FIG. 1.

[0053] The liquid flow rate shown in Table 2 is the liquid flow rate at the bottom of the conventional multistage bath condenser-reboiler as 100.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Multistage bath Conventional condenser-reboiler multistage bath of the present condenser- embodiment reboiler Number of 2 1 condensation zone Number of 6 6 evaporation zones Condensation zone C1 C2 — Zone 1 Inlet 0 (8) 0 (8) (E1) Outlet 17 17 Zone 2 Inlet 17 (25) 17 25) (E2) Outlet 33 33 Zone 3 Inlet 33 (42) 33 (42) (E3) Outlet 50 50 Zone 4 Inlet 0 (8) 50 (58) (E4) Outlet 17 67 Zone 5 Inlet 17 (25) 67 (75) (E5) Outlet 33 83 Zone 6 Inlet 33 (42) 83 (92) (E6) Outlet 50 100 Total 100+ flow rate at 100: total flow rate condensation outlet of Zone 3 at outlet of Zone 6 amount flow rate at outlet of Zone 6 The numbers in parentheses are average values.

[0054] The liquid flow rate in the condensation passage of the multistage bath condenser-reboiler in the present embodiment is the same as in the conventional example in the upper condensation zone (C1). However, all the liquid generated in the upper condensation zone (C1) is discharged from the liquid header 9 provided in the middle portion. Further, since gas having a zero liquefaction rate flows into the lower condensation zone (C2) from the middle gas header 8, the liquid flow rate in the lower condensation zone (C2) is smaller than the conventional one.

[0055] Specifically, the total amount of condensed fluid of the multistage bath condenser-reboiler of the present embodiment and the conventional multistage bath condenser-reboiler is 100, which is the same. However, the average liquid flow rates in zones E4, E5, and E6 of the conventional multistage bath condenser-reboiler were 58, 75, and 92, whereas the average liquid flow rates in the multistage bath condenser-reboiler in the present embodiment were as small as 8, 25, and 42. From this, it can be understood that the deterioration of the heat transfer performance in the lower condensation zone (C2) is suppressed.

[0056] It was confirmed that the multistage bath condenser-reboiler of the present embodiment having the above configuration was about 15% more compact than the conventional multistage bath condenser-reboiler.

[0057] FIG. 2 shows a cryogenic air separation unit including the multistage bath condenser-reboiler having the heat exchange block 11 shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 2, the same parts as those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals.

[0058] A cryogenic air separation unit 13 includes a high-pressure column 14, a low-pressure column 15, and a multistage bath condenser-reboiler 17 including the heat exchanger block 11 housed in a container 16, which are insulated by a cold box 800.

[0059] The air is compressed by an air compressor 18, precooled by an air precooler 19, purified by an air purifier 20, and supplied to the bottom of the high-pressure column 14. The supplied air comes into gas-liquid contact with the reflux liquid flowing down in the high-pressure column 14. As a result, nitrogen, which is more volatile component, is concentrated while ascending, and nitrogen gas is generated at the top of the high-pressure column 14.

[0060] Further, as the reflux liquid descending in the high-pressure column 14, oxygen, which is a less volatile component in the supplied air, is enriched, and oxygen-enriched liquid air is generated at the bottom of high-pressure column 14. The oxygen-enriched liquid air is supplied into the low-pressure column 15, and while descending due to gas-liquid contact with the ascending gas in the low-pressure column 15, oxygen, which is a less volatile component, is concentrated, and liquid oxygen is generated at the bottom of the low-pressure column 15. In addition, while the ascending gas ascends, nitrogen, which is a more volatile component, is concentrated, and nitrogen gas is generated at the top of the low-pressure column 15.

[0061] The nitrogen gas generated at the top of the high-pressure column 14 is supplied into the gas headers 8 at the top and the middle of the heat exchange block 11 via a pipeline 140. The nitrogen gas is then condensed by heat exchange with the liquid oxygen supplied through a liquid oxygen supply pipe 141, discharged as liquid nitrogen from the liquid headers 9 at the middle and bottom, and returned into the high-pressure column 14 through a pipe 142. The liquid nitrogen returned into the high-pressure column 14 becomes the reflux liquid of the low-pressure column 15.

[0062] On the other hand, the liquid oxygen supplied through the liquid oxygen supply pipe 141 evaporates, and some of the liquid oxygen evaporated is collected as a product GO.sub.2 and introduced into the bottom of the low-pressure column 15 to become the ascending gas.

[0063] In the cryogenic air separation unit 13 of the present embodiment, the deterioration of the heat transfer performance was suppressed by using the multistage bath condenser-reboiler 17 of the embodiment above. Further, since the multistage bath condenser-reboiler 17 is miniaturized, the cold box 800 is also miniaturized, and the equipment cost can be reduced.

[0064] In addition, since the heat transfer performance is suppressed from decreasing while achieving miniaturization, it is possible to suppresses a pressure increase of the nitrogen gas flowing into the condensation passage 1, that is, a pressure increase in the high-pressure column 14, and an increase in operating cost can be suppressed.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMERAL

[0065] 1, 10 condensation passage [0066] 111 condensation inlet flow channel [0067] 112 condensation outlet flow channel [0068] 2 evaporation passage [0069] 21 evaporation passage inlet [0070] 22 evaporation passage outlet [0071] 3 heat exchange section [0072] 5 liquid communication section [0073] 51 liquid communication section inlet [0074] 52 liquid communication section outlet [0075] 6 liquid reservoir [0076] 7 heat exchange core [0077] 8 gas header [0078] 9 liquid header [0079] 11 heat exchange block [0080] 13 cryogenic air separation unit [0081] 14 high-pressure column [0082] 140, 142 pipeline [0083] 141 liquid oxygen supply pipe [0084] 15 low-pressure column [0085] 16 container [0086] 17 multistage bath condenser-reboiler [0087] 18 air compressor [0088] 19 air precooler [0089] 20 air purifier [0090] 800 cold box [0091] C1 upper condensation zone [0092] C2 lower condensation zone [0093] E1 to E6 evaporation zone