ANTENNA HAVING HIGH ISOLATION AND LOW CROSS-POLARIZATION LEVEL, BASE STATION, AND TERMINAL

Abstract

An antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level, a base station, and a terminal are provided. The antenna includes a radiation layer, a feed layer, and an aperture coupling layer disposed between the radiation layer and the feed layer. The aperture coupling layer includes a metal sheet. A first feeding slot, a second feeding slot, and a middle slot are configured in the metal sheet. The middle slot is located between the first feeding slot and the second feeding slot, and is located in a weak electric field region of the metal sheet. The middle slot is configured between the first feeding slot and the second feeding slot of the metal sheet.

Claims

1-16. (canceled)

17. An antenna, comprising: at least one radiation layer; a feed layer; and an aperture coupling layer disposed between the radiation layer and the feed layer, wherein the aperture coupling layer comprises a metal sheet; wherein a first feeding slot, a second feeding slot, and a middle slot are configured in the metal sheet; and wherein the middle slot is located between the first feeding slot and the second feeding slot, and is located in a weak electric field region of the metal sheet.

18. The antenna according to claim 17, wherein the metal sheet is polygonal and has a diagonal, the first feeding slot and the second feeding slot are respectively formed on two opposite sides of the diagonal, and the middle slot is distributed along the diagonal.

19. The antenna according to claim 18, wherein there are a plurality of middle slots disposed at intervals, and the middle slots are distributed along the diagonal and located in the weak electric field region.

20. The antenna according to claim 18, wherein the weak electric field region comprises a first region with relatively high electric field strength and a second region with relatively low electric field strength, the first region and the second region are distributed along the diagonal, and the middle slot is located in at least one of the first region and the second region.

21. The antenna according to claim 20, wherein the middle slot comprises a first slot and a second slot, and the first slot and the second slot are distributed at an interval in the first region and/or the second region.

22. The antenna according to claim 17, wherein there are two radiation layers, the two radiation layers each comprise a first dielectric layer and a radiation patch, the two first dielectric layers and the two radiation patches are alternately disposed in an overlapped manner, and the first dielectric layer at a lower layer is disposed on the metal sheet.

23. The antenna according to claim 22, wherein a parasitic patch is further disposed on a side, away from the aperture coupling layer, of the radiation patch, and a second dielectric layer is formed between the parasitic patch and the radiation patch.

24. The antenna according to claim 17, wherein the aperture coupling layer further comprises a third dielectric layer, and the metal sheet is disposed on the third dielectric layer.

25. The antenna according to claim 24, wherein the feed layer comprises two feeding lines, the two feeding lines are attached to a side, away from the aperture coupling layer, of the third dielectric layer, and are respectively disposed corresponding to the first feeding slot and the second feeding slot, and feeding ports are configured at a location in which the two feeding lines extend to an edge of the third dielectric layer.

26. The antenna according to claim 25, wherein the two feeding lines are disposed perpendicular to each other; wherein in a direction perpendicular to the feed layer, the two feeding lines are symmetrically distributed based on the middle slot; and wherein the first feeding slot and the second feeding slot are symmetrically distributed based on the middle slot.

27. The antenna according to claim 25, wherein the feed layer further comprises a fourth dielectric layer, the two feeding lines are disposed on the fourth dielectric layer, and a metal grounding layer is attached to a side, away from the feeding lines, of the fourth dielectric layer.

28. A base station, comprising: an antenna, the antenna comprising at least one radiation layer, a feed layer, and an aperture coupling layer disposed between the radiation layer and the feed layer, wherein the aperture coupling layer comprises a metal sheet; wherein a first feeding slot, a second feeding slot, and a middle slot are configured in the metal sheet; and wherein the middle slot is located between the first feeding slot and the second feeding slot, and is located in a weak electric field region of the metal sheet.

29. A terminal, comprising: an antenna, the antenna comprising at least one radiation layer, a feed layer, and an aperture coupling layer disposed between the radiation layer and the feed layer, wherein the aperture coupling layer comprises a metal sheet; wherein a first feeding slot, a second feeding slot, and a middle slot are configured in the metal sheet; and wherein the middle slot is located between the first feeding slot and the second feeding slot, and is located in a weak electric field region of the metal sheet.

30. The terminal according to claim 29, wherein the metal sheet is polygonal and has a diagonal, the first feeding slot and the second feeding slot are respectively formed on two opposite sides of the diagonal, and the middle slot is distributed along the diagonal.

31. The terminal according to claim 30, wherein there are a plurality of middle slots disposed at intervals, and the middle slots are distributed along the diagonal and located in the weak electric field region.

32. The terminal according to claim 30, wherein the weak electric field region comprises a first region with relatively high electric field strength and a second region with relatively low electric field strength, the first region and the second region are distributed along the diagonal, and the middle slot is located in at least one of the first region and the second region.

33. The terminal according to claim 32, wherein the middle slot comprises a first slot and a second slot, and the first slot and the second slot are distributed at an interval in the first region and/or the second region.

34. The terminal according to claim 29, wherein there are two radiation layers, the two radiation layers each comprise a first dielectric layer and a radiation patch, the two first dielectric layers and the two radiation patches are alternately disposed in an overlapped manner, and the first dielectric layer at a lower layer is disposed on the metal sheet.

35. The terminal according to claim 34, wherein a parasitic patch is further disposed on a side, away from the aperture coupling layer, of the radiation patch, and a second dielectric layer is formed between the parasitic patch and the radiation patch.

36. The terminal according to claim 29, wherein the feed layer comprises two feeding lines, the two feeding lines are respectively disposed corresponding to the first feeding slot and the second feeding slot, and the two feeding lines are disposed perpendicular to each other; wherein in a direction perpendicular to the feed layer, the two feeding lines are symmetrically distributed based on the middle slot; and wherein the first feeding slot and the second feeding slot are symmetrically distributed based on the middle slot.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] To describe the technical solutions in embodiments of this application more clearly, the following briefly describes the accompanying drawings for describing embodiments or the conventional technology. It is clear that the accompanying drawings in the following description merely show some embodiments of this application, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can derive other drawings from these accompanying drawings without creative efforts.

[0026] FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] FIG. 2 is another sectional view of an antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of exploded structures of a parasitic patch, a radiation patch, a metal sheet, and a feeding line of an antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level according to an embodiment of this application;

[0029] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a metal sheet of an antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level according to an embodiment of this application;

[0030] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram 1 of a structure of a metal sheet of an antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram 2 of a structure of a metal sheet of an antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram 3 of a structure of a metal sheet of an antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] FIG. 8 is a diagram of a relationship in which a return loss of a feeding port of an antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level and isolation change with a frequency according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] FIG. 9 is a diagram of a relationship between a polarization direction and a cross-polarization level during horizontal polarization of a feeding port of an antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level according to an embodiment of this application; and

[0035] FIG. 10 is a diagram of a relationship between a polarization direction and a cross-polarization level during vertical polarization of a feeding port of an antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level according to an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Reference numerals in the drawings: [0037] 10-Radiation layer 11-First dielectric layer 12-Radiation patch [0038] 13-Parasitic patch 14-Second dielectric layer 20-Aperture coupling layer [0039] 21-Metal sheet 22-First feeding slot 23-Second feeding slot [0040] 24-Middle slot 25-Third dielectric layer 30-Feed layer [0041] 31-Feeding line 32-Feeding port 33-Body part [0042] 34-Fourth dielectric layer 35-Metal grounding layer 211-Weak electric field region [0043] 212-Diagonal 213-First region 214-Second region [0044] 241-First slot 242-Second slot

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0045] The following describes embodiments of this application in detail. Examples of embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. Same or similar reference numerals are always used to represent same or similar elements or elements having same or similar functions. Embodiments described below with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 10 are examples, and are intended to explain this application, but cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0046] In the description of this application, it should be understood that orientation or location relationships indicated by the terms “vertical”, “horizontal”, “away from”, and the like are based on orientation or location relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are used only for describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that an apparatus or an element in question needs to have a specific orientation or needs to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation on this application.

[0047] In addition, the terms “first”, “second”, “third”, and “fourth” are merely used for description, and shall not be understood as an indication or implication of relative importance or implicit indication of a quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature limited by “first”, “second”, “third”, or “fourth” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, “a plurality of” means two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0048] In this application, the terms “install”, “connect”, “connection”, “dispose”, and the like should be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise expressly specified and limited. For example, the “connection” may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integrated connection; may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; or may be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection inside two components or a mutual relationship between two components. A person of ordinary skill in the art may interpret specific meanings of the foregoing terms in this application according to specific cases.

[0049] As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, an embodiment of this application provides an antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level. The antenna is used in a base station, especially a mobile telecommunication base station. The antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level includes but is not limited to a dual-polarized antenna, a single-polarized antenna, an aperture-coupled antenna, a probe feeding antenna, and the like. In addition, the foregoing antenna includes but is not limited to a millimeter wave antenna, a submillimeter wave antenna, and the like.

[0050] First, technical terms described in this embodiment of this application are described.

[0051] Aperture coupling is electromagnetic coupling formed, by using a feeding line, between two slots that do not contact each other and are slightly spaced and an antennafeeding line.

[0052] Cross polarization is a polarization component orthogonal to principal polarization.

[0053] Isolation is a spatial loss caused by a spacing between a transmit antenna and a receive antenna.

[0054] Tolerance performance is an allowed error or deviation range during processing.

[0055] Specifically, the foregoing antenna includes at least one radiation layer 10, a feed layer 30, and an aperture coupling layer 20 disposed between the radiation layer 10 and the feed layer 30. Preferably, there are two radiation layers 10, to improve radiation energy of the antenna and ensure stable propagation of a signal. Refer to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. The aperture coupling layer 20 includes a metal sheet 21. The metal sheet 21 is a copper-coated metal sheet. A first feeding slot 22, a second feeding slot 23, and a middle slot 24 are configured in the metal sheet 21. The first feeding slot 22, the second feeding slot 23, and the middle slot 24 may be formed, but is not limited to, in an etching manner. The middle slot 24 is located between the first feeding slot 22 and the second feeding slot 23, and is located in a weak electric field region 211 of the metal sheet 21. It may be understood that regions shown by dashed lines in FIG. 4 are merely approximate regions in which a weak current field is located, and boundaries of the dashed lines in the figure do not constitute a strict limitation on the weak electric field regions.

[0056] Electromagnetic coupling between the first feeding slot 22 and the second feeding slot 23 and the antenna is formed through contactless feeding, so that the antenna has a standing wave ratio characteristic of a wide frequency band. The middle slot 24 is configured between the first feeding slot 22 and the second feeding slot 23 of the metal sheet 21, so that a boundary condition of the antenna can be changed due to the middle slot 24 without changing a radiation electric field condition of the antenna, to isolate the first feeding slot 22 from the second feeding slot 23. In this way, a current, in a cross-polarization direction, generated on the antenna weakens, to reduce a cross-polarization level. In addition, an energy coupling phenomenon of the antenna is effectively relieved, to significantly improve isolation of the antenna.

[0057] A base station provided in an embodiment of this application includes the foregoing antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level, and the foregoing antenna can significantly reduce the cross-polarization level while ensuring relatively good isolation. In this way, transmit power of the base station is increased, a received signal-to-noise ratio is effectively improved, radiation energy of the antenna is increased, and stable propagation of a signal is ensured.

[0058] An embodiment of this application further provides a terminal that also includes the foregoing antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level. The terminal in this embodiment of this application includes but is not limited to a camera, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wearable device, a vehicle-mounted device, an augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) device, a laptop computer, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook, a personal digital assistant (PDA), or the like. A specific type of the terminal is not limited in this embodiment of this application. For ease of description, that a terminal device in this embodiment of this application is a mobile phone is used an example for description. It should be understood that this should not be construed as a limitation on this application.

[0059] That the terminal provided in this embodiment of this application is a mobile phone is used an example. The mobile phone includes the antenna having high isolation and a low cross-polarization level, and the antenna can significantly reduce the cross-polarization level while ensuring relatively good isolation. In this way, strength of a signal received by the mobile phone is improved, so that stability of a communication connection between the mobile phone and an external device is improved. From a perspective of user experience, call quality and data transmission stability of the mobile phone are improved, and user product experience is improved.

[0060] In some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, the metal sheet 21 is polygonal and has a diagonal 212. The first feeding slot 22 and the second feeding slot 23 are respectively formed on two opposite sides of the diagonal 212, and the middle slot 24 is distributed along the diagonal 212. Specifically, the middle slot 24 is disposed along the diagonal 212, indicating that the first feeding slot 22 and the second feeding slot 23 can be symmetrical based on the middle slot 24. In this way, the boundary condition of the antenna can be further optimized, so that intensity of a current, in the cross-polarization direction, generated on the antenna is further reduced, to further reduce the cross-polarization level of the antenna.

[0061] Optionally, the first feeding slot 22 and the second feeding slot 23 are symmetrically disposed based on the diagonal 212. In this way, distances of any group of symmetric points of the first feeding slot 22 and the second feeding slot 23 relative to the diagonal 212 are equal, so that boundary conditions of the first feeding slot 22 and the second feeding slot 23 tend to be consistent, to further reduce intensity of a current, in the cross-polarization direction, generated on the antenna.

[0062] In some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG. 4, there are a plurality of middle slots 24 disposed at intervals, and the middle slots 24 are distributed along a diagonal 212 and are located in weak electric field regions 211. Specifically, there may be the plurality of middle slots 24, so that the middle slots 24 can be disposed, in a targeted manner, in the weak electric field regions 211 distributed along the diagonal 212. For example, refer to FIG. 4, at a location in which the weak electric field regions 211 are relatively concentrated, the plurality of middle slots 24 may be disposed corresponding to all the weak electric field regions 211, but at a location in which the weak electric field regions 211 are relatively sparse, one or two middle slots 24 may be disposed corresponding to the weak electric field regions 211. This implements targeted distribution of the middle slots 24 corresponding to the weak electric field regions 211, implements convergence of the boundary conditions of the first feeding slot 22 and the second feeding slot 23, and further relieves the energy coupling phenomenon of the antenna, to improve isolation of the antenna.

[0063] In some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, a weak electric field region 211 includes a first region 213 with relatively high electric field strength and second regions 214 with relatively low electric field strength. The first region 213 and the second regions 214 are distributed along a diagonal 212. Middle slots 24 may be located in the first region 213 or the second regions 214. Alternatively, the middle slots 24 may be disposed in the first region 213 and the second regions 214.

[0064] Specifically, one or a plurality of middle slots 24 may be located in the first region 213 or the second regions 214. When the plurality of middle slots 24 are located in the first region 213 with relatively high electric field strength, the energy coupling phenomenon may be fully relieved, to significantly improve isolation of the antenna and effectively reduce the cross-polarization level. When the plurality of middle slots 24 are located in the second regions 214 with relatively low electric field strength, the cross-polarization level can be effectively reduced.

[0065] As shown in FIG. 6, optionally, a middle slot 24 in a first region 213 and/or a second region 214 may be configured in a direction of a diagonal 212, a length direction of the first region 213 or the second region 214, or a width direction of the first region 213 or the second region 214, orconfigured in the first region 213 or the second regions 214 irregularly, or the like. The middle slot 24 may be configured in a direction in which a relatively large area of the first region 213 and/or the second regions 214 can be covered.

[0066] Optionally, one or more middle slots 24 may be located in the first region 213 and the second region 214. In this way, the middle slots 24 can cover a region with relatively low electric field strength in a weak electric field and a region with relatively high electric field strength in the weak electric field. Further, isolation of the antenna is effectively improved and the cross-polarization level is suppressed.

[0067] Optionally, when there is one middle slot 24, a length of the middle slot 24 is close to that of the diagonal 212. The length of the middle slot 24 is close to that of the diagonal 212, so that the middle slot 24 can cover most regions that are of a weak electric field and that are distributed along the diagonal 212. In this way, isolation of the antenna is further improved, and the cross-polarization level is further effectively suppressed.

[0068] As shown in FIG. 7, optionally, a middle slot 24 includes a first slot 241 and a second slot 242. The first slot 241 and the second slot 242 are spaced in a first region 213 and/or second regions 214. Specifically, to cover the corresponding first region 213 or the corresponding second regions 214 as much as possible, the first slot 241 and the second slot 242 are spaced in the first region 213 and/or the second regions 214. In this way, isolation of the antenna can be further significantly improved and the cross-polarization level can be effectively reduced. Certainly, according to an actual requirement, the middle slot 24 can be further split into three or more slots.

[0069] Optionally, an outline of the middle slot 24 is a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, or an irregular shape. The outline of the middle slot 24 is a projected outline of the middle slot 24 relative to a feed layer 30, and the outline of the middle slot 24 may match an outline of the first region 213 and/or an outline of the second region 214.

[0070] In some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG. 1, there are two radiation layers 10, the two radiation layers each include a first dielectric layer 11 and a radiation patch 12, the two first dielectric layers 11 and the two radiation patches 12 are alternately disposed in an overlapped manner, and the first dielectric layer 11 at a lower layer is disposed on the metal sheet 21. Specifically, the radiation patch 12 may implement radiation propagation of an antenna signal, and the plurality of radiation patches 12 may implement enhancement processing on radiation energy of the antenna, to further improve a gain of the antenna. In addition, the radiation patch 12 is disposed on the first dielectric layer 11, so that the first dielectric layer 11 can ensure structural strength of the radiation patch 12, and provide insulation protection for the radiation patch 12.

[0071] In some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, a parasitic patch 13 is further disposed on an upper part, away from the aperture coupling layer 20, of the radiation layer 10, and a second dielectric layer 14 is formed between the parasitic patch 13 and the radiation patch 12. Specifically, on the basis of the radiation patch 12, the parasitic patch 13 is disposed, so that the parasitic patch 13 may form a resonance loop in the antenna. Therefore, when a resonance frequency of the parasitic patch 13 is close to that of the antenna, an impedance bandwidth of the antenna can be significantly expanded. Optionally, there may be a plurality of parasitic patches 13. The plurality of parasitic patches 13 are disposed, so that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna can be expanded in a successive recursive manner.

[0072] In some other embodiments of this application, the second dielectric layer 14 is a foam layer or an air layer. Specifically, because each of the foam layer and the air layer has a relatively high dielectric constant and relatively high breakdown field strength, the second dielectric layer 14 is set as the foam layer or the air layer. This means that an insulation protection layer is disposed between the parasitic patch 13 and the radiation patch 12. Therefore, mutual interference between the parasitic patch 13 and the radiation patch 12 is avoided.

[0073] Optionally, the second dielectric layer 14 is the foam layer. In this way, the foam layer can provide effective support for the parasitic patch 13, and implement good insulation protection for the parasitic patch 13 and the corresponding radiation patch 12.

[0074] In some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the aperture coupling layer 20 further includes a third dielectric layer 25, and the metal sheet 21 is formed on the third dielectric layer 25. Specifically, the metal sheet 21 may be welded and fixed onto the third dielectric layer 25. The third dielectric layer 25 is disposed, to provide stable support for the metal sheet 21.

[0075] In some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, the feed layer 30 includes two feeding lines 31; and the two feeding lines 31 are attached to a side, away from the aperture coupling layer 20, of the third dielectric layer 25, and are respectively disposed corresponding to the first feeding slot 22 and the second feeding slot 23. Feeding ports 32 are provided at a location in which the two feeding lines 31 extend to an edge of the third dielectric layer 25. Specifically, the two feeding lines 31 are disposed at locations corresponding to the first feeding slot 22 and the second feeding slot 23, to implement dual-polarization performance of the antenna.

[0076] In some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG. 3, the two feeding lines 31 are perpendicular to each other. Specifically, body parts 33 of the two feeding lines 31 are vertically disposed. In a direction perpendicular to the feed layer 30, the two feeding lines 31 are symmetrically distributed based on the middle slot 24. The first feeding slot 22 and the second feeding slot 23 are symmetrically distributed based on the middle slot 24. Feeding ports 32 of the two feeding lines 31 are kept parallel. Therefore, horizontal/vertical dual polarization or plus or minus 45 ° dual polarization is implemented.

[0077] In some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the feed layer 30 further includes a fourth dielectric layer 34, both the two feeding lines 31 are disposed on the fourth dielectric layer 34, and a metal grounding layer 35 is attached to a side, away from the feeding line 31, of the fourth dielectric layer 34. Specifically, each of the first dielectric layer 11, the third dielectric layer 25, and the fourth dielectric layer 34 is a PCB layer. The metal grounding layer 35 is attached to the bottom of the fourth dielectric layer 34, so that the entire antenna can be grounded. Therefore, static electricity carried on each part of the antenna can be effectively eliminated. Optionally, the antenna is a millimeter wave antenna or a submillimeter wave antenna.

[0078] As shown in FIG. 8 to FIG. 10, in an embodiment of this application, an angle of a diagonal 212 is 45 °, there are three middle slots 24, the three middle slots 24 respectively correspond to one first region 213 and two second regions 214, and a total area of the three middle slots 24 covers most regions of a metal sheet along a length direction of the diagonal 212. In this case, in a frequency band from 25.7 GHz to 30.7 GHz, return losses at two feeding ports 32 are less than -10 dB, isolation is greater than 28 dB, and a cross-polarization level of horizontal polarization and a cross-polarization level of vertical polarization each are lower than 35 dB.

[0079] In conclusion, the foregoing description is merely specific implementations of this application, but is not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. Any variation or replacement within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.