COMPOSITION AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

Abstract

A composition comprising a first compound, a second compound, and a third compound, wherein the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound are different from each other, the first compound satisfies one of Condition 1 and Condition 2 as described herein, and the second compound includes a compound represented by Formula 1:

##STR00001##

wherein ring A.sub.1 is a condensed cyclic group in which 3 or more cyclic groups are condensed with each other, and the 3 or more cyclic groups are each a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group; a1 is an integer from 1 to 5; b1 is an integer from 3 to 10; and L.sub.1, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 are as described herein.

Claims

1. A composition comprising a first compound, a second compound, and a third compound, wherein the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound are different from each other, the first compound satisfies one of Condition 1 and Condition 2, and the second compound includes a compound represented by Formula 1: Condition 1 the first compound contains a transition metal Condition 2 the difference between a triplet energy level of the first compound and a singlet energy level of the first compound is 0.4 eV or less, and the first compound emits delayed fluorescence ##STR01609## ring A.sub.1 in Formula 1 is a condensed cyclic group in which 3 or more cyclic groups are condensed with each other, and the 3 or more cyclic groups are each a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, L.sub.1 in Formula 1 is a single bond, a C.sub.5-C.sub.30carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a1 in Formula 1 is an integer from 1 to 5, b1 in Formula 1 is an integer from 3 to 10, and R.sub.1 in Formula 1 is a group represented by Formula 2 or Formula 3, ##STR01610## ring A.sub.3 and ring A.sub.4 in Formulae 2 and 3 are each independently a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, T.sub.3 and T.sub.4 in Formulae 2 and 3 are each independently a group represented by *—C(R.sub.5)(R.sub.6)(R.sub.7) or *—Si(R.sub.5)(R.sub.6)(R.sub.7), c3 and c4 in Formulae 2 and 3 are each independently an integer from 0 to 10, wherein, when c3 is 2 or more, two or more of T.sub.3(s) are identical to or different from each other, and when c4 is 2 or more, two or more of T.sub.4(s) are identical to or different from each other. T.sub.11 in Formula 3 is a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.8), C(R.sub.8)(R.sub.9), or Si(R.sub.8)(R.sub.9), R.sub.2 to R.sub.9 and R.sub.10a in Formulae 1 to 3 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —Ge(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), —P(═S)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), or —P(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), b2 to b4 in Formulae 1 to 3 are each independently an integer from 0 to 10, wherein, when b2 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.2(s) are identical to or different from each other, when b3 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.3(s) are identical to or different from each other, and when b4 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.4(s) are identical to or different from each other, and * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom, at least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —Si(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), —Ge(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), —B(Q.sub.16)(Q.sub.17), —P(═O)(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19), —P(═S)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), —P(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19), or a combination thereof; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —Si(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), —Ge(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), —B(Q.sub.26)(Q.sub.27), —P(═O)(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), —P(═S)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), —P(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), or a combination thereof; —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), —Ge(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), —B(Q.sub.36)(Q.sub.37), —P(═O)(Q.sub.38)(Q.sub.39), —P(═S)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), or —P(Q.sub.38)(Q.sub.39); or a combination thereof, wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.9, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.19, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.29, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.39 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group: a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group: a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group: a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group: a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein ring A.sub.1 in Formula 1 is an anthracene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, a tetracene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a triphenylene group, a pentacene group, a perylene group, a fluoranthene group, a fluorene group, an acridine group, a phenanthridine group, a phenazine group, a phenoxazine group, a phenothiazine group, a xanthene group, a carbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, or a dibenzothiophene group.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-4: ##STR01611## wherein, in Formula 1-1 to 1-4, R.sub.11 to R.sub.22 are each independently a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1, hydrogen deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —Ge(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), —P(═S)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), or —P(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), at least three of R.sub.11 to R.sub.20 in Formulae 1-1 and 1-4 are each independently a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1, at least three of R.sub.11 to R.sub.22 in Formulae 1-2 and 1-3 are each independently a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1, *indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom, and the substituents of the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group are as described in claim 1.

4. The compound of claim 3, wherein i) three or more of R.sub.11, R.sub.13, R.sub.16, and R.sub.18 in Formula 1-1 are each independently a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1; ii) three or more of R.sub.12, R.sub.15, R.sub.18, and R.sub.21 in Formula 1-2 are each independently a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1; iii) three or more of R.sub.13, R.sub.16, R.sub.19, and R.sub.22 in Formula 1-3 are each independently a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1; and iv) three or more of R.sub.12, R.sub.15, R.sub.17, and R.sub.20 in Formula 1-4 are each independently a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1, and wherein * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the sum of c3 and c4 in Formulae 2 and 3 is 1 or greater.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein R.sub.5 to R.sub.7 in Formulae 2 and 3 are each independently —CH.sub.3, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, a phenyl group, or a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-19: ##STR01612## ##STR01613## wherein * in Formulae 9-1 to 9-19 indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein R.sub.1 of Formula 1 is a group represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-42 or 3-1 to 3-36: ##STR01614## ##STR01615## ##STR01616## ##STR01617## ##STR01618## ##STR01619## ##STR01620## ##STR01621## ##STR01622## ##STR01623## ##STR01624## ##STR01625## ##STR01626## ##STR01627## ##STR01628## ##STR01629## ##STR01630## ##STR01631## ##STR01632## wherein, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-42 and 3-1 to 3-36, T.sub.3, T.sub.4, T.sub.11, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are as described in claim 1, b32 and b42 are each independently an integer from 0 to 2, b33 and b43 are each independently an integer from 0 to 3, b34 and b44 are each independently an integer from 0 to 4, b35 and b45 are each independently an integer from 0 to 5, and * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second compound is at least one of Compounds FD1 to FD12: ##STR01633## ##STR01634## ##STR01635## ##STR01636##

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first compound comprises an organometallic compound represented by Formula 101:
M.sub.11(L.sub.11).sub.n11(L.sub.12).sub.n12  Formula 101 wherein, in Formula 101, M.sub.11 is a first-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, a second-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, or a third-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements; L.sub.11 is a ligand represented by one of Formulae 101-1 to 101-4; L.sub.12 is a monodentate ligand and a bidentate ligand; n11 is 1, n12 is 0, 1, or 2; ##STR01637## ##STR01638## ##STR01639## wherein, in Formulae 101-1 to 101-4, A.sub.101 to A.sub.104 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, or a non-cyclic group, Y.sub.101 to Y.sub.104 are each independently a chemical bond, O, S, N(R.sub.91), B(R.sub.91), P(R.sub.91), or C(R.sub.91)(R.sub.92), T.sub.101 to T.sub.104 are each independently a single bond, a double bond, N(R.sub.93)′, B(R.sub.93), P(R.sub.93), C(R.sub.93)(R.sub.94), Si(R.sub.93)(R.sub.94), Ge(R.sub.93)(R.sub.94), S, Se, O—, C(═O), S(═O), S(═O).sub.2, —C(R.sub.93)═, ═C(R.sub.93)—, C(R.sub.93)═C(R.sub.94), C(═S), or C≡C, a substituent of the substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group, a substituent of substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, and R.sub.91 to R.sub.94 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —C(═O)(Q.sub.41), —S(═O)(Q.sub.41), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.41), —N(Q.sub.42)(Q.sub.43), —B(Q.sub.42)(Q.sub.43), —Si(Q.sub.44)(Q.sub.45)(Q.sub.46), —Ge(Q.sub.44)(Q.sub.45)(Q.sub.46), —P(═O)(Q.sub.47)(Q.sub.48), —P(═S)(Q.sub.47)(Q.sub.48), or —P(Q.sub.47)(Q.sub.48), wherein each of the substituent of the substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group and the substituent of substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group is not hydrogen, *.sub.1, *.sub.2, *.sub.3, and *.sub.4 each indicate a binding site to M.sub.11, and Q.sub.41 to Q.sub.45 are each independently hydrogen; deuterium: —F, —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amidino group, a hydrazine group: a hydrazone group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group; a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group: a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group: a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group: a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group: a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, or a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group; or a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, or a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first compound includes a thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter represented by one of Formula 201 or 202: ##STR01640## wherein, in Formula 201, X.sub.201 to X.sub.203 are each independently B or N, A.sub.201 to A.sub.205 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, L.sub.201 to L.sub.205 are each independently a single bond, a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.200a, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.200a, a201 to a205 are each independently an integer from 1 to 5, R.sub.201 to R.sub.205 and R.sub.200a are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.51)(Q.sub.52), —Si(Q.sub.53)(Q.sub.54)(Q.sub.55), —Ge(Q.sub.53)(Q.sub.54)(Q.sub.55), —B(Q.sub.56)(Q.sub.57), —P(═O)(Q.sub.58)(Q.sub.59), —P(═S)(Q.sub.58)(Q.sub.59), or —P(Q.sub.58)(Q.sub.59), b201 to b205 are each independently an integer from 0 to 10, wherein, when b201 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.201(s) are identical to or different from each other, when b202 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.202(s) are identical to or different from each other, when b203 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.203(s) are identical to or different from each other, when b204 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.204(s) are identical to or different from each other, and when b205 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.205(s) are identical to or different from each other, ##STR01641## wherein, in Formula 202, A.sub.211 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, W.sub.211 is an acceptor group, D.sub.211 is a donor group, m211 is an integer from 1 to 4, and n211 is an integer from 1 to 4; R.sub.211 is hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.51)(Q.sub.52), —Si(Q.sub.53)(Q.sub.54)(Q.sub.55), —Ge(Q.sub.53)(Q.sub.54)(Q.sub.55), —B(Q.sub.56)(Q.sub.57), —P(═O)(Q.sub.58)(Q.sub.59), —P(═S)(Q.sub.58)(Q.sub.59), or —P(Q.sub.58)(Q.sub.59), and a plurality of R.sub.211(s) are optionally bonded to form a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, at least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.61)(Q.sub.62), —Si(Q.sub.63)(Q.sub.64)(Q.sub.65), —Ge(Q.sub.63)(Q.sub.64)(Q.sub.65), —B(Q.sub.66)(Q.sub.67), —P(═O)(Q.sub.68)(Q.sub.69), —P(═S)(Q.sub.68)(Q.sub.69), —P(Q.sub.68)(Q.sub.69), or a combination thereof; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.71)(Q.sub.72), —Si(Q.sub.73)(Q.sub.74)(Q.sub.75), —Ge(Q.sub.73)(Q.sub.74)(Q.sub.75), —B(Q.sub.76)(Q.sub.77), —P(═O)(Q.sub.74)(Q.sub.79), —P(═S)(Q.sub.78)(Q.sub.79), —P(Q.sub.78)(Q.sub.79), or a combination thereof; —N(Q.sub.81)(Q.sub.82), —Si(Q.sub.83)(Q.sub.84)(Q.sub.85), —Ge(Q.sub.83)(Q.sub.84)(Q.sub.85), —B(Q.sub.86)(Q.sub.87), —P(═O)(Q.sub.88)(Q.sub.89), —P(═O)(Q.sub.78)(Q.sub.79), or —P(Q.sub.88)(Q.sub.89); or a combination thereof, wherein Q.sub.51 to Q.sub.59, Q.sub.81 to Q.sub.89, Q.sub.71 to Q.sub.79, and Q.sub.81 to Q.sub.89 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group: an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof: a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof: a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group: a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group: a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group: a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group: a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

11. The composition of claim 10, wherein W.sub.211 is a substituted or unsubstituted π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group, and D.sub.211 is: —F, a cyano group, or a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or an π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group, each substituted with at least one of —F or a cyano group; or an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or an π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group, wherein the π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group is a phenyl group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group, or a condensed cyclic group of two or more π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic groups, and wherein the π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group is a cyclic group having at least one —N=moiety, and is: an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxalne group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azacarbazole group, or a benzimidazolobenzimidazole group; or a condensed cyclic group in which two or more π electron-efficient nitrogen-containing cyclic groups are condensed with each other.

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the third compound comprises a bipolar compound, an electron-transporting compound, a hole-transporting compound, or a combination thereof, the electron-transporting compound comprises at least one electron-transporting moiety, the hole-transporting compound does not comprise the electron-transporting moiety, and the electron-transporting moiety is a cyano group, a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or a group represented by one of the following Formulae: ##STR01642## wherein *, *′, and *″ in the formulae above are each a binding site to a neighboring atom.

13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the electron-transporting compound includes at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group and at least one electron-transporting moiety, the hole-transporting compound includes at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group, and does not include an electron-transporting moiety, and the electron-transporting moiety is a cyano group or a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.

14. The composition of claim 12, wherein the electron-transporting compound comprises i) at least one of a cyano group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, or a triazine group, or ii) a triphenylene group, and the hole-transporting compound comprises a carbazole group.

15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition satisfies Condition 3:
E.sub.HOMO_C1−04eV≤E.sub.HOMO_C2≤E.sub.HOMO_C1+0.1eV  Condition 3 wherein, in Condition 3, E.sub.HOMO_C1 is a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level value of the first compound, E.sub.HOMO_C2 is a HOMO energy level value of the second compound, and eV is electron volts.

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition satisfies Condition 4:
R(HOD).sub.H/R(HOD).sub.0≤1.07  Condition 4 wherein, in Condition 4, R(HOD).sub.H is a relative HOD value of the composition comprising the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound, and R(HOD).sub.0 is a relative HOD value of a composition comprising the first compound and the third compound.

17. An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer comprises an emission layer, and wherein the organic layer comprises the composition of claim 1.

18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 17, wherein the emission layer comprises the composition.

19. The organic light-emitting device of claim 18, wherein the emission layer comprises a sensitizer, a dopant, and a host, the sensitizer comprises the first compound of the composition, the dopant comprises the second compound of the composition, and the host comprises the third compound of the composition.

20. The organic light-emitting device of claim 18, wherein the emission layer emits blue light.

21. An organic light-emitting device, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; m light-emitting units located between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising at least one emission layer; and m−1 charge generation layers located between neighboring two light-emitting units of the m light-emitting units, and comprising an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer, wherein m is an integer of 2 or greater, a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from at least one light-emitting unit of the m light-emitting units is different from a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from at least one light-emitting unit of the other light-emitting units of the m light-emitting units, and the at least one emission layer comprises the composition of claim 1.

22. An organic light-emitting device, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; and m emission layers located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein, m is an integer of 2 or more, a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from at least one emission layer of the m emission layers is different from a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from at least one emission layer of the other emission layers of the m emission layers, and the at least one emission layer comprises the composition of claim 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following deception taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0055] FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments:

[0056] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to another embodiment;

[0057] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to another embodiment;

[0058] FIG. 4 is a graph of external quantum efficiency (EQE, %) versus luminance (candela per square meter, cd/m.sup.2) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Example 1; and

[0059] FIG. 5 is a graph of luminance (%) versus time (hours, hr) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Example 1;

[0060] FIG. 6 is a graph of EQE (%) versus luminance (cd/m.sup.2) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Comparative Example 1:

[0061] FIG. 7 is a graph of luminance (%) versus time (hr) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Comparative Example 1;

[0062] FIG. 8 is a graph of EQE (%) versus luminance (cd/m.sup.2) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Example 2,

[0063] FIG. 9 is a graph of luminance (%) versus time (hr) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Example 2:

[0064] FIG. 10 is a graph of EQE (%) versus luminance (cd/m.sup.2) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Comparative Example 2:

[0065] FIG. 11 is a graph of luminance (%) versus time (hr) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Comparative Example 2;

[0066] FIG. 12 is a graph of EQE (%) versus luminance (cd/m.sup.2) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Example 3:

[0067] FIG. 13 is a graph of luminance (%) versus time (hr) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Example 3;

[0068] FIG. 14 is a graph of EQE (%) versus luminance (cd/m.sup.2) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Comparative Example 3;

[0069] FIG. 15 is a graph of luminance (%) versus time (hr) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Comparative Example 3;

[0070] FIG. 16 is a graph of measured relative HOD values of Example 1-1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 1-1; and

[0071] FIG. 17 is a graph of measured relative HOD values of Example 2-1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 2-1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

[0073] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing one or more exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “or” means “and/or.” It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

[0074] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.

[0075] Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.

[0076] It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present.

[0077] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this general inventive concept belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0078] “About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value.

Composition

[0079] The composition includes a first compound, a second compound, and a third compound. The first compound, the second compound, and the third compound are the same as described herein.

[0080] The first compound, the second compound, and the third compound included in the composition are different from each other. That is, the composition may include three or more compounds that are different from each other.

[0081] The composition may satisfy Condition 3 below:

E.sub.HOMO_C1−0.4eV≤E.sub.HOMO_C2≤E.sub.HOMO_C1+0.1eV  Condition 3

[0082] In Condition 3, E.sub.HOMO_C1 is the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level value of the first compound, E.sub.HOMO_C2 is the HOMO energy level value of the second compound, and eV is electron volts.

[0083] In this regard, the HOMO energy level value was measured using an atmospheric-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy device (manufactured by RIKEN KEIKI Co., Ltd.: AC3).

[0084] When the composition satisfies Condition 3, trapping of holes in the second compound is suppressed, and thus, direct formation of excitons due to electron-hole recombination in the second compound may be prevented. That is, it is possible to implement a mechanism in which excitons are first formed through a sensitizer (first compound), and then the excitons are moved to the second compound, which is the final luminous material, through energy transfer, and then light is emitted.

[0085] The composition may satisfy Condition 4 below:

R(HOD).sub.H/R(HOD).sub.0≤1.07  Condition 4

[0086] In Condition 4, R(HOD).sub.H is the relative HOD value of the composition including the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound, and R(HOD).sub.0 is the relative HOD value of the composition including the first compound and the third compound.

[0087] In this regard, the relative HOD value refers to the ratio of the applied voltage required to provide a specific current density to a single hole only device (HOD), and the relative HOD value is a value obtained by dividing the voltage applied to the HOD that is doped with the final luminous material (the second compound) by the voltage applied to the HOD that is not doped. The HOD structure may have, for example, the following structure, and the fabrication method therefor is the same as described herein:

ITO/HAT-CN (10 nm)/NPB (50 nm)/Test substance (40 nm)/NPB (10 nm)/Al

[0088] The first composition may satisfy one of Condition 1 or Condition 2:

[0089] Condition 1

[0090] The first compound contains transition metal

[0091] Condition 2

[0092] The difference between the triplet energy level of the first compound and the singlet energy level of the first compound is 0.4 eV or less, and the first compound may emit delayed fluorescence

[0093] According to one or more embodiments, the first compound may satisfy Condition 1.

[0094] For example, the first compound may include an organometallic compound represented by Formula 101:

M.sub.11(L.sub.11).sub.n11(L.sub.12).sub.n12  Formula 101

[0095] wherein, in Formula 101.

[0096] M.sub.11 may be a first-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, a second-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, or a third-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements;

[0097] L.sub.11 may be a ligand represented by one of Formulae 101-1 to 101-4;

[0098] L.sub.12 may be a monodentate ligand or a bidentate ligand;

[0099] n11 may be 1,

[0100] n12 may be 0, 1, or 2:

##STR00004##

[0101] wherein, in Formulae 101-1 to 101-4,

[0102] A.sub.101 to A.sub.104 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, or a non-cyclic group,

[0103] Y.sub.101 to Y.sub.104 may each independently be a chemical bond, O, S, N(R.sub.91), B(R.sub.91), P(R.sub.91), or C(R.sub.91)(R.sub.92),

[0104] T.sub.101 to T.sub.104 may each independently be a single bond, a double bond, N(R93)*′, B(R.sub.93), P(R.sub.93), C(R.sub.93)(R.sub.94), Si(R.sub.93)(R.sub.94), Ge(R.sub.93)(R.sub.94), S. Se, O, C(═O), S(═O), S(═O).sub.2, —C(R.sub.93)═, ═C(R.sub.93)—, C(R.sub.93)═C(R.sub.94), C(═S), or C≡C,

[0105] a substituent of the substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group, a substituent of the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, and R.sub.91 to R.sub.94 may each independently be at least one of hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —C(═O)(Q.sub.41), —S(═O)(Q.sub.41), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.41), —N(Q.sub.42)(Q.sub.43). —B(Q.sub.42)(Q.sub.43), —Si(Q.sub.44)(Q.sub.45)(Q.sub.46), —Ge(Q.sub.44)(Q.sub.45)(Q.sub.46), —P(═O)(Q.sub.47)(Q.sub.48), —P(═S)(Q.sub.47)(Q.sub.48), and —P(Q.sub.47)(Q.sub.48), wherein each of a substituent of the substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group and a substituent of substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group may not be hydrogen,

[0106] *.sub.1, *.sub.2, *.sub.3, and *.sub.4 may each indicate a binding site to M.sub.11, and

[0107] Q.sub.41 to Q.sub.48 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group that is substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, or a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, and a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group that is substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, or a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group.

[0108] In one or more embodiments, the first compound may satisfy Condition 2.

[0109] For example, the first compound may include a thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter represented by Formula 201 or 202 below:

##STR00005##

[0110] In Formula 201:

[0111] X.sub.201 to X.sub.203 may each independently be B or N,

[0112] A.sub.201 to A.sub.205 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group,

[0113] L.sub.201 to L.sub.205 may each independently be a single bond, a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.200a, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.200a,

[0114] a201 to a205 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5.

[0115] R.sub.201 to R.sub.205, and R.sub.200a may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.51)(Q.sub.52), —Si(Q.sub.53)(Q.sub.54)(Q.sub.55), —Ge(Q.sub.53)(Q.sub.54)(Q.sub.55), —B(Q.sub.56)(Q.sub.57), —P(═O)(Q.sub.58)(Q.sub.59), —P(═S)(Q.sub.58)(Q.sub.59), or —P(Q.sub.58)(Q.sub.59),

[0116] b201 to b205 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, wherein, when b201 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.201(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when b202 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.202(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when b203 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.203(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when b204 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.204(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when b205 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.205(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

##STR00006##

[0117] wherein, in Formula 202.

[0118] A.sub.211 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group,

[0119] W.sub.211 may be an acceptor group,

[0120] D.sub.211 may be a donor group,

[0121] m211 may be an integer from 1 to 4, and n211 may be an integer from 1 to 4;

[0122] R.sub.211 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.12-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.51)(Q.sub.52), —Si(Q.sub.53)(Q.sub.54)(Q.sub.55), —Ge(Q.sub.53)(Q.sub.54)(Q.sub.55), —B(Q.sub.56)(Q.sub.57), —P(═O)(Q.sub.58)(Q.sub.59), —P(═S)(Q.sub.58)(Q.sub.59), or —P(Q.sub.58)(Q.sub.59), and a plurality of R.sub.211(s) may optionally be bonded to form a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group,

[0123] a substituent of the substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is:

[0124] deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group:

[0125] a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group. —N(Q.sub.61)(Q.sub.62), —Si(Q.sub.63)(Q.sub.64)(Q.sub.65), —Ge(Q.sub.63)(Q.sub.64)(Q.sub.65), —B(Q.sub.66)(Q.sub.67), —P(═O)(Q.sub.88)(Q.sub.89), —P(═S)(Q.sub.88)(Q.sub.89), —P(Q.sub.88)(Q.sub.89), or a combination thereof:

[0126] a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.71)(Q.sub.72), —Si(Q.sub.73)(Q.sub.74)(Q.sub.75), —Ge(Q.sub.73)(Q.sub.74)(Q.sub.75), —B(Q.sub.76)(Q.sub.77), —P(═O)(Q.sub.78)(Q.sub.79), —P(═S)(Q.sub.78)(Q.sub.79), —P(Q.sub.78)(Q.sub.79), or a combination thereof;

[0127] —N(Q.sub.81)(Q.sub.82), —Si(Q.sub.83)(Q.sub.84)(Q.sub.85), —Ge(Q.sub.83)(Q.sub.84)(Q.sub.85), —B(Q.sub.86)(Q.sub.87), —P(═O)(Q.sub.88)(Q.sub.89), —P(═S)(Q.sub.88)(Q.sub.89), or —P(Q.sub.88)(Q.sub.89); or

[0128] a combination thereof,

[0129] wherein Q.sub.51 to Q.sub.59, Q.sub.51 to Q.sub.59, Q.sub.71 to Q.sub.79 and Q.sub.81 to Q.sub.89 are each independently-hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group: a cyano group; a nitro group; an amidino group, a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0130] For example, W.sub.2, may be a substituted or unsubstituted π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group, and

[0131] D.sub.211 may be:

[0132] —F, a cyano group, or a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group;

[0133] a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or an iT electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group, each substituted with at least one of —F or a cyano group; or

[0134] an T-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or an π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group,

[0135] wherein the π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group may be a phenyl group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group, or a condensed cyclic group of two or more π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic groups, and

[0136] the π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group may be a cyclic group having at least one —N=moiety, and, for example, may be an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnolne group, a phenanthrdine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azacarbazole group, and a benzimidazolobenzimidazole group; or a condensed cyclic group in which two or more π electron-efficient nitrogen-containing cyclic groups are condensed with each other.

[0137] The first compound may be understood by referring to the description about a sensitizer as provided herein.

Second Compound in Composition

[0138] The second compound includes a compound represented by Formula 1:

##STR00007##

[0139] Ring A.sub.1 in Formula 1 is a condensed cyclic group in which 3 or more cyclic groups are condensed with each other, and the cyclic group may be a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group.

[0140] In one or more embodiments, ring A.sub.1 in Formula 1 may be an anthracene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, a tetracene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a triphenylene group, a pentacene group, a perylene group, a fluoranthene group, a fluorene group, an acridine group, a phenanthridine group, a phenazine group, a phenoxazine group, a phenothiazine group, a xanthene group, a carbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, or a dibenzothiophene group.

[0141] For example, ring A.sub.1 may be an anthracene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, or a perylene group.

[0142] L.sub.1 in Formula 1 may be a single bond, a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0143] In one or more embodiments, L.sub.1 in Formula 1 may be a phenyl group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azine group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, an isoindole group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, benzosilole group, a naphtho pyrrole group, a naphtho furan group, a naphtho thiophene group, a naphthosilole group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a benzosilolocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group, an acridine group, a dihydroacridine group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzoisoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzosilole group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, an (indolo)phenanthrene group, a (benzofurano)phenanthrene group, or a (benzothieno)phenanthrene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a as provided herein.

[0144] a1 in Formula 1 may be an integer from 1 to 5, wherein, when a1 is 2 or more, two or more of L.sub.1(s) may be identical to or different from each other.

[0145] R.sub.1 in Formula 1 may be a group represented by Formula 2 or Formula 3:

##STR00008##

[0146] b1 in Formula 1 may be an integer from 3 to 10. For example, b1 may be an integer from 3 to 8. For example, b1 may be an integer from 3 to 6.

[0147] When b1 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.1(s) may be identical to or different from each other.

[0148] Ring A.sub.3 and ring A.sub.4 in Formulae 2 and 3 may each independently be a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group.

[0149] In one or more embodiments, ring A.sub.3 and ring A.sub.4 may each independently be a phenyl group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, an isoindole group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a naphthopyrrole group, a naphthofuran group, a naphthothiophene group, a naphthosilole group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a benzosilolocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group, an acridine group, a dihydroacridine group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzoisoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzosilole group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, an (indolo)phenanthrene group, a (benzofurano)phenanthrene group, or a (benzothieno)phenanthrene group.

[0150] For example, ring A.sub.3 and ring A.sub.4 may each independently be a phenyl group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a fluorene group, dibenzosilole group, a carbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, or a dibenzothiophene group.

[0151] In Formulae 2 and 3, T.sub.3 and T.sub.d may each independently be a group represented by *—C(R.sub.5)(R.sub.6)(R.sub.7) or *—Si(R.sub.5)(R.sub.6)(R.sub.7), and c3 and c4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, wherein, when c3 is 2 or greater, two or more T.sub.3(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when c4 is 2 or greater, two or more T.sub.4(s) may be identical to each other or different from each other.

[0152] In one or more embodiments, the sum of c3 and c4 in Formulae 2 and 3 may be 1 or greater.

[0153] For example, the sum of c3 and c4 in Formulae 2 and 3 may be an integer from 1 to 4.

[0154] T.sub.11 in Formula 3 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.8), C(R.sub.8)(R.sub.9), or Si(R.sub.8)(R.sub.9). For example, T.sub.11 may be a single bond.

[0155] R.sub.2 to R.sub.9 and R.sub.10a in Formulae 1 to 3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —Ge(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), —P(═S)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), or —P(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9).

[0156] b2 to b4 in Formula 1 to 3 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, wherein, when b2 is 2 or greater, two or more of R.sub.2(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when b3 is 2 or greater, two or more of R(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when b4 is 2 or greater, two or more of RA(S) may be identical to or different from each other.

[0157] In one or more embodiments, R.sub.5 to R.sub.7 in Formulae 2 and 3 may each independently be —CH.sub.2, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, a phenyl group, or a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-19:

##STR00009## ##STR00010##

[0158] * in Formulae 9-1 to 9-19 indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

[0159] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-4:

##STR00011##

[0160] wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-4,

[0161] R.sub.11 to R.sub.22 may each independently be a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —Ge(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), —P(═S)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.8), or —P(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9),

[0162] at least three of R.sub.11 to R.sub.20 in Formulae 1-1 and 1-4 may each independently be a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1,

[0163] at least three of R.sub.11 to R.sub.22 in Formulae 1-2 and 1-3 may each independently be a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1, and

[0164] the substituents of the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group are the same as described above.

[0165] For example,

[0166] i) three or more of R.sub.11, R.sub.13, R.sub.16, and R.sub.18 in Formula 1-1 may each be a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1;

[0167] ii) three or more of R.sub.12, R.sub.15, R.sub.16, and R.sub.21 in Formula 1-2 may each be a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1;

[0168] iii) three or more of R.sub.13, R.sub.16, R.sub.19, and R.sub.22 in Formula 1-3 may each be a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1; and

[0169] iv) three or more of R.sub.12, R.sub.15, R.sub.17, and R.sub.20 in Formula 1-4 may each be a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-R.sub.1.

[0170] In one or more embodiments, R.sub.1 of Formula 1 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-42 and 3-1 to 3-36:

##STR00012## ##STR00013## ##STR00014## ##STR00015## ##STR00016## ##STR00017## ##STR00018## ##STR00019## ##STR00020## ##STR00021## ##STR00022## ##STR00023## ##STR00024## ##STR00025##

[0171] In Formulae 2-1 to 2-42 and 3-1 to 3-36,

[0172] T.sub.3, T.sub.4, T.sub.11, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are the same as described above,

[0173] b32 and b42 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 2,

[0174] b33 and b43 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3,

[0175] b34 and b44 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 4,

[0176] b35 and b45 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, and

[0177] * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

[0178] In one or more embodiments, the second compound may be any one of Compounds FD1 to FD12:

##STR00026## ##STR00027## ##STR00028## ##STR00029##

[0179] The second compound may emit blue light by having a condensed cyclic core in which three or more cyclic groups are condensed with each other.

[0180] Since the second compound includes three or more R.sub.1 groups, a maximum spacing between a light-emitting portion of the sensitizer and a light-emitting portion of the dopant may be secured, suppressing dexter energy transfer.

[0181] Since the second compound may optionally contain one or more t-butyl substituents or trimethylsilyl (TMS) substituents, the maximum spacing between a light-emitting unit of the sensitizer and a light-emitting unit of the dopant may be secured, suppressing Dexter energy transfer.

[0182] The second compound may be understood by referring to the description about a dopant to be provided herein.

[0183] Third Compound in Composition

[0184] The third compound includes a bipolar compound, an electron-transporting compound, a hole-transporting compound, or a combination thereof,

[0185] the electron-transporting compound includes at least one electron-transporting moiety,

[0186] the hole-transporting compound may not include the electron-transporting moiety, and

[0187] the electron-transporting moiety may be a cyano group, a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or a group represented by one of the following

##STR00030##

[0188] wherein *, *′, and *″ in the formulae above are each a binding site to a neighboring atom.

[0189] In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting compound may include at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group and at least one electron-transporting moiety,

[0190] the hole-transporting compound may include at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group, and may not include an electron-transporting moiety, and

[0191] the electron-transporting moiety may be a cyano group or a iT electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.

[0192] For example, in one or more embodiments, the electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group may be an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, phenanthroline group, phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzoisoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; or a condensed cyclic group of two or more π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic groups, and

[0193] the π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group may be a phenyl group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group, or a condensed cyclic group of two or more π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic groups.

[0194] For example, the electron-transporting compound includes

[0195] i) at least one of a cyano group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, and a triazine group and ii) a triphenylene group, and

[0196] the hole-transporting compound may include a carbazole group.

[0197] The third compound may be understood by referring to the description about a host as provided herein.

Description of FIG. 1

[0198] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to one or more embodiments. Hereinafter, a structure and a manufacturing method of an organic light-emitting device according to an example of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIG. 1.

[0199] The organic light-emitting device 10 of FIG. 1 includes: the first electrode 11; the second electrode 19; and an organic layer 10A located between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 19 and including the emission layer 15, wherein the organic layer 10A includes the composition described above.

[0200] In one or more embodiments, the composition may be included in the emission layer 15.

[0201] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer 15 may include a sensitizer, a dopant, and a host, wherein the sensitizer may include the first compound of the composition, the dopant may include the second compound of the composition, and the host may include at least one third compound of the composition.

[0202] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer 15 may emit blue light.

[0203] In one or more embodiments, the organic layer 10A may include the hole transport region 12 located between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer 15, and the electron transport region 17 located between the emission layer 15 and the second electrode 19.

[0204] A substrate may be additionally located under the first electrode 11 or above the second electrode 19. For use as the substrate, any substrate that is used in organic light-emitting devices available in the art may be used, and the substrate may be a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water resistance

First Electrode 11

[0205] In one or more embodiments, the first electrode 11 may be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 11 on the substrate. The first electrode 11 may be an anode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be selected from materials with a high work function to facilitate hole injection.

[0206] The first electrode 11 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 11 is a transmissive electrode, a material for forming a first electrode may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO.sub.2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or a combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, a material for forming the first electrode 110 may be magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), or a combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0207] The first electrode 11 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers.

Emission Layer 15

[0208] The emission layer 15 may include a host, a dopant, and a sensitizer.

[0209] The emission layer 15 may emit fluorescent light. That is, the dopant may be a material that may emit fluorescent light. The emission layer 15, which emits the fluorescent light, is clearly distinguished from an emission layer of the related art that emits phosphorescent light.

[0210] In general, it is known that since triplet excitons stay long in an excited state, they influence the decrease in the lifespan of organic light-emitting devices. However, according to the present disclosure, the dopant is used to reduce the time during which the triplet excitons of the sensitizer remains in the excited state. Accordingly, an organic light-emitting device including the dopant may have a prolonged lifespan.

[0211] In one or more embodiments, the greater the number of triplet excitons the sensitizer has, the more excess energy is accumulated in the sensitizer, resulting in an increased number of hot excitons. That is, the amount of triplet excitons of the sensitizer is proportional to the amount of hot excitons. The hot excitons break down various chemical bonds of a compound included in the emission layer 15 and/or a compound existing at the boundary of the emission layer 15 to decompose the compound Accordingly, the lifespan of organic light-emitting devices may be reduced. However, according to the present disclosure, by using dopants, the triplet excitons of the sensitizer may be quickly converted to singlet excitons of the dopant, ultimately reducing the amount of hot excitons and increasing the lifespan of an organic light-emitting device.

[0212] In this regard, “hot excitons” may be generated or increased by exciton-exciton annihilation due to an increase in the density of excitons in the emission layer 15, exciton-charge annihilation due to the charge imbalance in the emission layer 15, and/or radical ion pairs due to the delivery of electrons between a host and a dopant.

[0213] In addition, since the dopant emits fluorescent light, the formed organic light-emitting device may have high color purity. For example, as the singlet excitons in the excited state of the dopant at room temperature quickly switch to the ground state, the accumulation of singlet excitons in the state may be prevented and the lifespan of organic light-emitting devices may be improved.

[0214] In one or more embodiments, singlet and triplet excitons are formed at the host in the emission layer 15, and the singlet and triplet excitons formed in the host are transferred to the sensitizer and then to the dopant through Förster energy transfer (FRET). To obtain the high efficiency and long lifespan of the organic light-emitting device, hot excitons generated in the emission layer 15 may be controlled and to this end, optimization of energy transfer is required.

[0215] In one or more embodiments, when the sensitizer is a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter satisfying the condition of ΔE.sub.ST≤0.4 electron volts (eV), 25% of singlet excitons formed in the host is transferred to the sensitizer through FRET, and the energy of 75% of triplet excitons formed in the host is transferred to the singlet and the triplet of the sensitizer, and out of the energy, the energy transferred to the triplet is subjected to reverse intersystem crossing to a singlet, and then the singlet energy of the sensitizer is transferred to the dopant through FRET.

[0216] Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, when the sensitizer is an organic metallic compound containing at least one type of meta from a first-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, a second-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, or a third-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, about 75% of triplet excitons formed in the host is transferred to the sensitizer through Dexter energy transfer, and the energy of about 25% of singlet excitons formed in the host is transferred to the singlet and triplet of the sensitizer, and the energy transferred to the singlet is subjected to ISC to triplet, and then the triplet energy of the sensitizer is transferred to the dopant through FRET

[0217] Accordingly, by transferring all the singlet excitons and triplet excitons generated in the host of the emission layer 15 to the dopant, an organic light-emitting device having improved efficiency can be obtained. In addition, since an organic light-emitting device can be obtained with significantly reduced energy loss, the lifespan characteristics of the organic light-emitting device can be improved.

[0218] The amount of the sensitizer in the emission layer 15 may be from about 5 wt % to about 50 wt % Within these ranges, it is possible to achieve effective energy transfer in the emission layer 15, and accordingly, an organic light-emitting device having high efficiency and long lifespan can be obtained.

[0219] The emission layer 15 may consist of the host, the dopant, and the sensitizer. That is, the emission layer 15 may not further include materials other than the host, the dopant, and the sensitizer.

[0220] A thickness of the emission layer 15 may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer 15 is within these ranges, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Host in Emission Layer 15

[0221] The host may include at least one third compound.

[0222] The host may include no metal atoms or metal ions.

[0223] In one or more embodiments, the host may include one kind of host (i.e., a single host compound). When the host includes a single host, the single host may be a bipolar host, an electron-transporting host, or a hole-transporting host, as described herein.

[0224] In one or more embodiments, the host may include a mixture of two or more different hosts. For example, the host may be a mixture of an electron-transporting host and a hole-transporting host, a mixture of two types of electron-transporting hosts different from each other, or a mixture of two types of hole-transporting hosts different from each other. The electron-transporting host and the hole-transporting host may be understood by referring to the related description as provided herein.

[0225] In one or more embodiments, the host may include an electron-transporting host including at least one electron-transporting moiety and a hole-transporting host that is free of an electron-transporting moiety.

[0226] The electron-transporting moiety used herein may be a cyano group, a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or a group represented by one of the following Formulae.

##STR00031##

[0227] In the formulae, *, *′, and *″ are each binding sites to neighboring atoms.

[0228] In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host of the emission layer 15 may include at least one of a cyano group and a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.

[0229] In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host in the emission layer 15 may include at least one cyano group.

[0230] In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host in the emission layer 15 may include at least one cyano group and at least one π electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.

[0231] In one or more embodiments, the host may include an electron-transporting host and a hole-transporting host, wherein the electron-transporting host may include at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group and at least one electron-transporting moiety, and the hole-transporting host may include at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group and may not include an electron-transporting moiety.

[0232] In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host may be a compound represented by Formula E-1, and

[0233] the hole-transporting host may be a compound represented by Formula H-1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[Ar.sub.301].sub.xb11−[(L.sub.301).sub.xb1−R.sub.301].sub.xb21  Formula E-1

[0234] wherein, in Formula E-1,

[0235] Ar.sub.301 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group,

[0236] xb11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0237] L.sub.301 may each independently be a single bond, a group represented by one of the following formulae, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, and *, *′ and *″ in the following formulae are each a binding site to a neighboring atom,

##STR00032##

[0238] xb1 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

[0239] R.sub.301 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302)(Q.sub.303), —N(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302), —B(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302). —C(═O)(Q.sub.301), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.301), —S(═O)(Q.sub.301), —P(═O)(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302), —P(═S)(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302), or P(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302),

[0240] xb21 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

[0241] Q.sub.301 to Q.sub.303 may each independently be a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, and

[0242] at least one of Condition A to Condition C may be satisfied:

[0243] Condition A

[0244] Ar.sub.301, L.sub.301, and R.sub.301 in Formula E-1 may each independently include a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group

[0245] Condition B

[0246] L.sub.301 in Formula E-1 may be a group represented by one of the following groups:

##STR00033##

[0247] Condition C

[0248] R.sub.301 in Formula E-1 may be a cyano group, —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.301), —S(═O)(Q.sub.301), —P(═O)(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302), or —P(═S)(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302)

##STR00034##

[0249] wherein, in Formulae H-1, 11, and 12,

[0250] L.sub.401 may be:

[0251] a single bond; or

[0252] a phenyl group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, or a triindolobenzene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a quaterphenyl group, or —Si(Q.sub.401)(Q.sub.402)(Q.sub.403),

[0253] xd1 may be an integer from 1 to 10, wherein when xd1 is 2 or more, two or more of L.sub.401(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

[0254] Ar.sub.401 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 11 and 12,

[0255] Ar.sub.402 may be a group represented by one of Formula 11 and 12, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group; or

[0256] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group,

[0257] CY.sub.401 and CY.sub.402 may each independently be a phenyl group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a carbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzosilole group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, or a benzonaphthosilole group,

[0258] A.sub.21 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.51), C(R.sub.51)(R.sub.52), or Si(R.sub.51)(R.sub.52),

[0259] A.sub.22 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.53), C(R.sub.53)(R.sub.54), or Si(R.sub.53)(R.sub.54),

[0260] at least one of A.sub.21 and A.sub.22 in Formula 12 is not a single bond,

[0261] R.sub.51 to R.sub.54, R.sub.60, and R.sub.70 may each independently be:

[0262] hydrogen, deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group:

[0263] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group;

[0264] a π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group (for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group):

[0265] a π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group (for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group), each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or a biphenyl group; or

[0266] —Si(Q.sub.404)(Q.sub.405)(Q.sub.406),

[0267] e1 and e2 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10,

[0268] Q.sub.401 to Q.sub.406 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group, and

[0269] * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0270] In one or more embodiments, Ar.sub.301 and L.sub.301 in Formula E-1 may each independently be a phenyl group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), —P(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), or —P(═S)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32),

[0271] at least one of L.sub.301(s) in the number of xb1 may each independently be an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyndine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano group-containing phenyl group, a cyano group-containing biphenyl group, a cyano group-containing terphenyl group, a cyano group-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), and

[0272] R.sub.301 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a quaterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing quaterphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33): —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32),

[0273] wherein Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0274] In one or more embodiments,

[0275] Ar.sub.301 may be a phenyl group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, or a dibenzothiophene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium. —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32); or

[0276] a group represented by one Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 or Formulae 6-1 to 6-33, and

[0277] L.sub.301 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and Formulae 6-1 to 6-33:

##STR00035## ##STR00036## ##STR00037## ##STR00038##

[0278] wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and 6-1 to 6-33,

[0279] Z.sub.1 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyrindinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32),

[0280] d4 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4,

[0281] d3 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3,

[0282] d2 may be 0, 1, or 2, and

[0283] * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom,

[0284] wherein Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 are the same as described above.

[0285] In one or more embodiments, L.sub.301 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 5-2, 5-3, or 6-8 to 6-33.

[0286] In one or more embodiments, R.sub.301 may be a cyano group or a group represented by one of Formulae 7-1 to 7-18, and at least one of Ar.sub.402(s) in the number of xd11 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 7-1 to 7-18, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR00039## ##STR00040## ##STR00041##

[0287] wherein, in Formulae 7-1 to 7-18,

[0288] xb41 to xb44 may each be 0, 1, or 2, wherein xb41 in Formula 7-10 is not 0, the sum of xb41 and xb42 in Formulae 7-11 to 7-13 is not 0, the sum of xb41, xb42, and xb43 in Formulae 7-14 to 7-16 is not 0, the sum of xb41, xb42, xb43, and xb44 in Formulae 7-17 and 7-18 is not 0, and *indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

[0289] Two or more Ar.sub.301(s) in Formula E-1 may be identical to or different from each other, two or more of L.sub.301(s) may be identical to or different from each other, two or more of L.sub.401(s) in Formula H-1 may be identical to or different from each other, and two or more of Ar.sub.402(s) in Formula H-1 may be identical to or different from each other.

[0290] In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host includes i) at least one of a cyano group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, and a triazine group and ii) a triphenylene group, and the hole-transporting host may include a carbazole group.

[0291] In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host may include at least one cyano group.

[0292] The electron-transporting host may be, for example, a compound from groups HE1 to HE7, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR00042## ##STR00043## ##STR00044## ##STR00045## ##STR00046## ##STR00047## ##STR00048## ##STR00049## ##STR00050## ##STR00051## ##STR00052## ##STR00053## ##STR00054## ##STR00055## ##STR00056## ##STR00057## ##STR00058## ##STR00059## ##STR00060## ##STR00061## ##STR00062## ##STR00063## ##STR00064## ##STR00065## ##STR00066## ##STR00067## ##STR00068## ##STR00069## ##STR00070## ##STR00071## ##STR00072## ##STR00073## ##STR00074## ##STR00075## ##STR00076## ##STR00077## ##STR00078## ##STR00079## ##STR00080## ##STR00081## ##STR00082## ##STR00083## ##STR00084## ##STR00085## ##STR00086## ##STR00087## ##STR00088## ##STR00089## ##STR00090## ##STR00091## ##STR00092## ##STR00093## ##STR00094## ##STR00095## ##STR00096## ##STR00097## ##STR00098## ##STR00099## ##STR00100##

##STR00101## ##STR00102## ##STR00103## ##STR00104## ##STR00105## ##STR00106## ##STR00107## ##STR00108## ##STR00109## ##STR00110## ##STR00111## ##STR00112## ##STR00113## ##STR00114## ##STR00115## ##STR00116## ##STR00117## ##STR00118## ##STR00119## ##STR00120## ##STR00121## ##STR00122## ##STR00123## ##STR00124## ##STR00125## ##STR00126## ##STR00127## ##STR00128## ##STR00129## ##STR00130## ##STR00131## ##STR00132## ##STR00133## ##STR00134## ##STR00135## ##STR00136## ##STR00137## ##STR00138## ##STR00139## ##STR00140## ##STR00141## ##STR00142## ##STR00143## ##STR00144## ##STR00145## ##STR00146## ##STR00147##

##STR00148## ##STR00149## ##STR00150## ##STR00151## ##STR00152## ##STR00153## ##STR00154## ##STR00155## ##STR00156## ##STR00157## ##STR00158## ##STR00159## ##STR00160## ##STR00161## ##STR00162## ##STR00163## ##STR00164## ##STR00165## ##STR00166## ##STR00167## ##STR00168## ##STR00169## ##STR00170## ##STR00171## ##STR00172## ##STR00173## ##STR00174## ##STR00175## ##STR00176## ##STR00177## ##STR00178## ##STR00179## ##STR00180## ##STR00181## ##STR00182## ##STR00183## ##STR00184## ##STR00185## ##STR00186## ##STR00187## ##STR00188## ##STR00189## ##STR00190## ##STR00191##

##STR00192## ##STR00193## ##STR00194## ##STR00195## ##STR00196## ##STR00197## ##STR00198## ##STR00199## ##STR00200## ##STR00201## ##STR00202## ##STR00203## ##STR00204## ##STR00205## ##STR00206## ##STR00207## ##STR00208## ##STR00209## ##STR00210## ##STR00211## ##STR00212## ##STR00213## ##STR00214## ##STR00215## ##STR00216## ##STR00217## ##STR00218## ##STR00219## ##STR00220## ##STR00221## ##STR00222## ##STR00223## ##STR00224## ##STR00225## ##STR00226## ##STR00227## ##STR00228## ##STR00229## ##STR00230## ##STR00231## ##STR00232##

##STR00233## ##STR00234## ##STR00235## ##STR00236## ##STR00237## ##STR00238## ##STR00239## ##STR00240## ##STR00241## ##STR00242## ##STR00243## ##STR00244## ##STR00245## ##STR00246## ##STR00247## ##STR00248## ##STR00249## ##STR00250## ##STR00251## ##STR00252## ##STR00253## ##STR00254##

##STR00255## ##STR00256## ##STR00257## ##STR00258## ##STR00259## ##STR00260## ##STR00261## ##STR00262## ##STR00263## ##STR00264## ##STR00265## ##STR00266## ##STR00267## ##STR00268## ##STR00269## ##STR00270## ##STR00271## ##STR00272## ##STR00273## ##STR00274## ##STR00275## ##STR00276## ##STR00277## ##STR00278##

##STR00279## ##STR00280## ##STR00281## ##STR00282## ##STR00283## ##STR00284## ##STR00285## ##STR00286## ##STR00287## ##STR00288## ##STR00289## ##STR00290## ##STR00291## ##STR00292## ##STR00293## ##STR00294## ##STR00295## ##STR00296## ##STR00297## ##STR00298## ##STR00299## ##STR00300## ##STR00301## ##STR00302## ##STR00303## ##STR00304## ##STR00305## ##STR00306## ##STR00307## ##STR00308## ##STR00309## ##STR00310## ##STR00311## ##STR00312##

##STR00313## ##STR00314## ##STR00315## ##STR00316## ##STR00317## ##STR00318## ##STR00319## ##STR00320## ##STR00321## ##STR00322## ##STR00323## ##STR00324## ##STR00325## ##STR00326## ##STR00327## ##STR00328##

##STR00329## ##STR00330## ##STR00331## ##STR00332## ##STR00333## ##STR00334## ##STR00335## ##STR00336## ##STR00337## ##STR00338## ##STR00339## ##STR00340## ##STR00341## ##STR00342## ##STR00343## ##STR00344## ##STR00345## ##STR00346## ##STR00347## ##STR00348## ##STR00349## ##STR00350## ##STR00351## ##STR00352## ##STR00353## ##STR00354## ##STR00355## ##STR00356## ##STR00357## ##STR00358## ##STR00359## ##STR00360##

##STR00361## ##STR00362## ##STR00363## ##STR00364## ##STR00365## ##STR00366## ##STR00367## ##STR00368## ##STR00369## ##STR00370## ##STR00371## ##STR00372## ##STR00373## ##STR00374## ##STR00375## ##STR00376## ##STR00377## ##STR00378## ##STR00379## ##STR00380## ##STR00381## ##STR00382## ##STR00383## ##STR00384## ##STR00385## ##STR00386## ##STR00387## ##STR00388## ##STR00389## ##STR00390## ##STR00391## ##STR00392## ##STR00393## ##STR00394## ##STR00395## ##STR00396## ##STR00397## ##STR00398## ##STR00399## ##STR00400## ##STR00401## ##STR00402##

##STR00403## ##STR00404## ##STR00405## ##STR00406## ##STR00407## ##STR00408## ##STR00409## ##STR00410## ##STR00411## ##STR00412## ##STR00413## ##STR00414## ##STR00415## ##STR00416## ##STR00417## ##STR00418## ##STR00419## ##STR00420## ##STR00421## ##STR00422## ##STR00423## ##STR00424## ##STR00425## ##STR00426## ##STR00427## ##STR00428## ##STR00429## ##STR00430## ##STR00431## ##STR00432## ##STR00433## ##STR00434## ##STR00435## ##STR00436## ##STR00437## ##STR00438## ##STR00439## ##STR00440## ##STR00441## ##STR00442## ##STR00443## ##STR00444## ##STR00445## ##STR00446## ##STR00447## ##STR00448## ##STR00449## ##STR00450##

##STR00451## ##STR00452## ##STR00453## ##STR00454## ##STR00455## ##STR00456## ##STR00457## ##STR00458## ##STR00459## ##STR00460## ##STR00461## ##STR00462## ##STR00463## ##STR00464## ##STR00465## ##STR00466## ##STR00467## ##STR00468## ##STR00469## ##STR00470## ##STR00471## ##STR00472## ##STR00473## ##STR00474## ##STR00475## ##STR00476## ##STR00477## ##STR00478## ##STR00479## ##STR00480## ##STR00481## ##STR00482## ##STR00483## ##STR00484## ##STR00485## ##STR00486## ##STR00487## ##STR00488## ##STR00489## ##STR00490## ##STR00491## ##STR00492## ##STR00493## ##STR00494## ##STR00495## ##STR00496## ##STR00497## ##STR00498## ##STR00499## ##STR00500## ##STR00501## ##STR00502##

##STR00503## ##STR00504## ##STR00505## ##STR00506## ##STR00507## ##STR00508## ##STR00509## ##STR00510## ##STR00511## ##STR00512## ##STR00513## ##STR00514## ##STR00515## ##STR00516## ##STR00517## ##STR00518## ##STR00519## ##STR00520## ##STR00521## ##STR00522## ##STR00523## ##STR00524## ##STR00525## ##STR00526## ##STR00527## ##STR00528## ##STR00529## ##STR00530## ##STR00531## ##STR00532## ##STR00533## ##STR00534## ##STR00535## ##STR00536## ##STR00537## ##STR00538##

##STR00539## ##STR00540## ##STR00541## ##STR00542## ##STR00543## ##STR00544## ##STR00545## ##STR00546## ##STR00547## ##STR00548## ##STR00549## ##STR00550## ##STR00551## ##STR00552## ##STR00553## ##STR00554## ##STR00555## ##STR00556## ##STR00557## ##STR00558## ##STR00559## ##STR00560##

##STR00561## ##STR00562## ##STR00563## ##STR00564## ##STR00565## ##STR00566## ##STR00567## ##STR00568## ##STR00569## ##STR00570## ##STR00571## ##STR00572## ##STR00573## ##STR00574## ##STR00575## ##STR00576## ##STR00577## ##STR00578## ##STR00579## ##STR00580## ##STR00581## ##STR00582## ##STR00583## ##STR00584## ##STR00585## ##STR00586## ##STR00587## ##STR00588## ##STR00589## ##STR00590## ##STR00591## ##STR00592##

[0293] In one or more embodiments, the hole-transporting host may be one of Compounds H-H1 to H-H104, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR00593## ##STR00594## ##STR00595## ##STR00596## ##STR00597## ##STR00598## ##STR00599## ##STR00600## ##STR00601## ##STR00602## ##STR00603## ##STR00604## ##STR00605## ##STR00606## ##STR00607## ##STR00608## ##STR00609## ##STR00610## ##STR00611## ##STR00612## ##STR00613## ##STR00614## ##STR00615## ##STR00616## ##STR00617## ##STR00618## ##STR00619## ##STR00620## ##STR00621## ##STR00622##

[0294] In one or more embodiments, the bipolar host may be a compound from group HEH1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR00623## ##STR00624## ##STR00625## ##STR00626## ##STR00627## ##STR00628## ##STR00629## ##STR00630## ##STR00631## ##STR00632## ##STR00633## ##STR00634## ##STR00635## ##STR00636## ##STR00637## ##STR00638## ##STR00639## ##STR00640## ##STR00641## ##STR00642## ##STR00643## ##STR00644## ##STR00645## ##STR00646## ##STR00647## ##STR00648## ##STR00649##

##STR00650## ##STR00651## ##STR00652## ##STR00653## ##STR00654## ##STR00655## ##STR00656## ##STR00657## ##STR00658## ##STR00659## ##STR00660## ##STR00661## ##STR00662## ##STR00663## ##STR00664##

##STR00665## ##STR00666## ##STR00667## ##STR00668## ##STR00669## ##STR00670## ##STR00671## ##STR00672## ##STR00673## ##STR00674## ##STR00675## ##STR00676## ##STR00677## ##STR00678## ##STR00679## ##STR00680## ##STR00681## ##STR00682## ##STR00683## ##STR00684##

##STR00685## ##STR00686## ##STR00687## ##STR00688## ##STR00689## ##STR00690## ##STR00691## ##STR00692## ##STR00693## ##STR00694## ##STR00695## ##STR00696##

wherein, in Compounds 1 to 432,

[0295] Ph may be a phenyl group.

[0296] When the host is a mixture of an electron-transporting host and a hole-transporting host, the weight ratio of the electron-transporting host and the hole-transporting host may be about 1:9 to about 9:1, for example, about 2.8 to about 8:2, for example, about 4:6 to about 6:4, for example, about 5:5. When the weight ratio of the electron-transporting host and the hole-transporting host satisfies the above-described ranges, the hole-and-electron-transporting balance in the emission layer 15 may be made.

Dopant in Emission Layer 15

[0297] The dopant may include the second compound.

[0298] Since the dopant emits fluorescent light, organic light-emitting devices according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are clearly distinguished from organic light-emitting devices containing compounds that emit phosphorescent light.

[0299] In one or more embodiments, the dopant may be free of metal atoms.

[0300] In one or more embodiments, the dopant may further include, in addition to the second compound, a compound that is a condensed polycyclic compound or a styryl compound.

[0301] For example, the dopant may include one of a naphthalene-containing core, a fluorene-containing core, a spiro-bifluorene-containing core, a benzofluorene-containing core, a dibenzofluorene-containing core, a phenanthrene-containing core, an anthracene-containing core, a fluoranthene-containing core, a triphenylene-containing core, a pyrene-containing core, a chrysene-containing core, a naphthacene-containing core, a picene-containing core, a perylene-containing core, a pentaphene-containing core, an indenoanthracene-containing core, a tetracene-containing core, a bianthracene-containing core, or core represented by one of Formulae 501-1 to 501-18, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR00697## ##STR00698## ##STR00699## ##STR00700##

[0302] In one or more embodiments, the dopant may be a styryl-amine-containing compound or a styryl-carbazole-containing compound, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0303] In one or more embodiments, the dopant may be a compound represented by Formula 501:

##STR00701##

[0304] wherein, in Formula 501,

[0305] Ar.sub.501 may be:

[0306] a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a tetracene group, a bisanthracene group, or a groups represented by one of Formulae 501-1 to 501-18: or

[0307] a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene indenoanthracene group, a tetracene group, a bisanthracene group, or a group represented by one of Formulae 501-1 to 501-18, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, or —Si(Q.sub.501)(Q.sub.502)(Q.sub.503) (wherein Q.sub.501 to Q.sub.503 may each independently be hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group),

[0308] L.sub.501 to L.sub.503 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0309] R.sub.501 and R.sub.502 may each independently be:

[0310] a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazole group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group; or

[0311] a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group,

[0312] xd1 to xd3 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, or 3, and

[0313] xd4 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0314] For example, in Formula 501.

[0315] Ar.sub.501 may be:

[0316] a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a tetracene group, a bisanthracene group, or a group represented by one of Formulae 501-1 to 501-18: or

[0317] a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a tetracene group, a bisanthracene group, or a group represented by one of Formula 501-1 to 501-18, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, or —Si(Q.sub.501)(Q.sub.502)(Q.sub.503) (wherein Q.sub.501 to Q.sub.503 may each independently be hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group),

[0318] L.sub.501 to L.sub.503 are the same as described in connection with L.sub.201 to L.sub.209,

[0319] xd1 to xd3 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, and

[0320] xd4 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0321] In one or more embodiments, the dopant may include a compound represented by one of Formulae 502-1 to 502-5:

##STR00702##

[0322] wherein, in Formulae 502-1 to 502-5,

[0323] X.sub.51 may be N or C-[(L.sub.501).sub.xd1-R.sub.501], X.sub.52 may be N or C-[(L.sub.502).sub.xd2-R.sub.502], X.sub.53 may be N or C-[(L.sub.503).sub.xd3-R.sub.503], X.sub.54 may be N or C-[(L.sub.504).sub.xd4-R.sub.504], X.sub.55 may be N or C-[(L.sub.505).sub.xd5-R.sub.505], X.sub.56 may be N or C-[(L.sub.506).sub.xd6-R.sub.506], X.sub.57 may be N or C-[(L.sub.507).sub.xd7-R.sub.507], and X.sub.58 may be N or C-[(L.sub.508).sub.xd8-R.sub.508],

[0324] L.sub.501 to L.sub.508 are each the same as described in connection with L.sub.501 in Formula 501,

[0325] xd1 to xd8 are each the same as described in connection with xd1 in Formula 501.

[0326] R.sub.501 to R.sub.508 may each independently be:

[0327] hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group,

[0328] a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazole group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group; or

[0329] a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group,

[0330] xd11 and xd12 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5,

[0331] two of R.sub.501 to R.sub.504 may optionally be linked together to form a saturated or unsaturated ring, and

[0332] two of R.sub.505 to R.sub.508 may optionally be linked together to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

[0333] The dopant may include, for example, at least one of Compounds FD(1) to FD(16) or FD1 to FD18:

##STR00703## ##STR00704## ##STR00705## ##STR00706## ##STR00707##

[0334] The amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be about 0.01 wt % to about 15 wt %, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Sensitizer in Emission Layer 15

[0335] The sensitizer may include the first compound.

[0336] In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may be a compound from Groups I to VI below, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR00708## ##STR00709## ##STR00710## ##STR00711## ##STR00712## ##STR00713## ##STR00714## ##STR00715## ##STR00716## ##STR00717## ##STR00718## ##STR00719##

##STR00720## ##STR00721## ##STR00722## ##STR00723## ##STR00724## ##STR00725## ##STR00726## ##STR00727## ##STR00728## ##STR00729## ##STR00730## ##STR00731## ##STR00732## ##STR00733## ##STR00734## ##STR00735## ##STR00736## ##STR00737## ##STR00738## ##STR00739## ##STR00740## ##STR00741## ##STR00742## ##STR00743## ##STR00744## ##STR00745## ##STR00746## ##STR00747## ##STR00748## ##STR00749## ##STR00750##

##STR00751## ##STR00752## ##STR00753## ##STR00754## ##STR00755## ##STR00756## ##STR00757## ##STR00758## ##STR00759## ##STR00760## ##STR00761## ##STR00762## ##STR00763## ##STR00764## ##STR00765## ##STR00766## ##STR00767## ##STR00768## ##STR00769## ##STR00770## ##STR00771## ##STR00772## ##STR00773## ##STR00774## ##STR00775## ##STR00776## ##STR00777## ##STR00778## ##STR00779## ##STR00780## ##STR00781## ##STR00782## ##STR00783## ##STR00784## ##STR00785## ##STR00786## ##STR00787## ##STR00788## ##STR00789## ##STR00790## ##STR00791## ##STR00792## ##STR00793## ##STR00794##

##STR00795## ##STR00796## ##STR00797## ##STR00798## ##STR00799## ##STR00800## ##STR00801## ##STR00802## ##STR00803## ##STR00804## ##STR00805## ##STR00806## ##STR00807## ##STR00808## ##STR00809## ##STR00810## ##STR00811## ##STR00812## ##STR00813## ##STR00814## ##STR00815## ##STR00816## ##STR00817## ##STR00818## ##STR00819## ##STR00820## ##STR00821## ##STR00822## ##STR00823## ##STR00824##

##STR00825## ##STR00826## ##STR00827## ##STR00828## ##STR00829## ##STR00830## ##STR00831## ##STR00832## ##STR00833## ##STR00834## ##STR00835## ##STR00836## ##STR00837## ##STR00838## ##STR00839## ##STR00840## ##STR00841## ##STR00842## ##STR00843## ##STR00844## ##STR00845## ##STR00846## ##STR00847## ##STR00848## ##STR00849## ##STR00850## ##STR00851## ##STR00852## ##STR00853## ##STR00854## ##STR00855## ##STR00856## ##STR00857## ##STR00858## ##STR00859##

##STR00860## ##STR00861## ##STR00862## ##STR00863## ##STR00864## ##STR00865## ##STR00866## ##STR00867## ##STR00868## ##STR00869## ##STR00870## ##STR00871## ##STR00872## ##STR00873## ##STR00874## ##STR00875## ##STR00876## ##STR00877## ##STR00878## ##STR00879## ##STR00880## ##STR00881##

[0337] a compound represented by Formula A below:

(L.sub.101).sub.n101-M.sub.101(L.sub.102).sub.m101  Formula A

[0338] wherein,

[0339] L.sub.101, n101, M.sub.101, L.sub.102, and m101 in Formula A are the same as described in connection with Tables 1 to 3:

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Compound Name L.sub.101 n101 M.sub.101 L.sub.102 m101 BD001 LM1 3 Ir — 0 BD002 LM2 3 Ir — 0 BD003 LM3 3 Ir — 0 BD004 LM4 3 Ir — 0 BD005 LM5 3 Ir — 0 BD006 LM6 3 Ir — 0 BD007 LM7 3 Ir — 0 BD008 LM8 3 Ir — 0 BD009 LM9 3 Ir — 0 BD010 LM10 3 Ir — 0 BD011 LM11 3 Ir — 0 BD012 LM12 3 Ir — 0 BD013 LM13 3 Ir — 0 BD014 LM14 3 Ir — 0 BD015 LM15 3 Ir — 0 BD016 LM16 3 Ir — 0 BD017 LM17 3 Ir — 0 BD018 LM18 3 Ir — 0 BD019 LM19 3 Ir — 0 BD020 LM20 3 Ir — 0 BD021 LM21 3 Ir — 0 BD022 LM22 3 Ir — 0 BD023 LM23 3 Ir — 0 BD024 LM24 3 Ir — 0 BD025 LM25 3 Ir — 0 BD026 LM26 3 Ir — 0 BD027 LM27 3 Ir — 0 BD028 LM28 3 Ir — 0 BD029 LM29 3 Ir — 0 BD030 LM30 3 Ir — 0 BD031 LM31 3 Ir — 0 BD032 LM32 3 Ir — 0 BD033 LM33 3 Ir — 0 BD034 LM34 3 Ir — 0 BD035 LM35 3 Ir — 0 BD036 LM36 3 Ir — 0 BD037 LM37 3 Ir — 0 BD038 LM38 3 Ir — 0 BD039 LM39 3 Ir — 0 BD040 LM40 3 Ir — 0 BD041 LM41 3 Ir — 0 BD042 LM42 3 Ir — 0 BD043 LM43 3 Ir — 0 BD044 LM44 3 Ir — 0 BD045 LM45 3 Ir — 0 BD046 LM46 3 Ir — 0 BD047 LM47 3 Ir — 0 BD048 LM48 3 Ir — 0 BD049 LM49 3 Ir — 0 BD050 LM50 3 Ir — 0 BD051 LM51 3 Ir — 0 BD052 LM52 3 Ir — 0 BD053 LM53 3 Ir — 0 BD054 LM54 3 Ir — 0 BD055 LM55 3 Ir — 0 BD056 LM56 3 Ir — 0 BD057 LM57 3 Ir — 0 BD058 LM58 3 Ir — 0 BD059 LM59 3 Ir — 0 BD060 LM60 3 Ir — 0 BD061 LM61 3 Ir — 0 BD062 LM62 3 Ir — 0 BD063 LM63 3 Ir — 0 BD064 LM64 3 Ir — 0 BD065 LM65 3 Ir — 0 BD066 LM66 3 Ir — 0 BD067 LM67 3 Ir — 0 BD068 LM68 3 Ir — 0 BD069 LM69 3 Ir — 0 BD070 LM70 3 Ir — 0 BD071 LM71 3 Ir — 0 BD072 LM72 3 Ir — 0 BD073 LM73 3 Ir — 0 BD074 LM74 3 Ir — 0 BD075 LM75 3 Ir — 0 BD076 LM76 3 Ir — 0 BD077 LM77 3 Ir — 0 BD078 LM78 3 Ir — 0 BD079 LM79 3 Ir — 0 BD080 LM80 3 Ir — 0 BD081 LM81 3 Ir — 0 BD082 LM82 3 Ir — 0 BD083 LM83 3 Ir — 0 BD084 LM84 3 Ir — 0 BD085 LM85 3 Ir — 0 BD086 LM86 3 Ir — 0 BD087 LM87 3 Ir — 0 BD088 LM88 3 Ir — 0 BD089 LM89 3 Ir — 0 BD090 LM90 3 Ir — 0 BD091 LM91 3 Ir — 0 BD092 LM92 3 Ir — 0 BD093 LM93 3 Ir — 0 BD094 LM94 3 Ir — 0 BD095 LM95 3 Ir — 0 BD096 LM96 3 Ir — 0 BD097 LM97 3 Ir — 0 BD098 LM98 3 Ir — 0 BD099 LM99 3 Ir — 0 BD100 LM100 3 Ir — 0

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Compound Name L.sub.101 n101 M.sub.101 L.sub.102 m101 BD101 LM101 3 Ir — 0 BD102 LM102 3 Ir — 0 BD103 LM103 3 Ir — 0 BD104 LM104 3 Ir — 0 BD105 LM105 3 Ir — 0 BD106 LM106 3 Ir — 0 BD107 LM107 3 Ir — 0 BD108 LM108 3 Ir — 0 BD109 LM109 3 Ir — 0 BD110 LM110 3 Ir — 0 BD111 LM111 3 Ir — 0 BD112 LM112 3 Ir — 0 BD113 LM113 3 Ir — 0 BD114 LM114 3 Ir — 0 BD115 LM115 3 Ir — 0 BD116 LM116 3 Ir — 0 BD117 LM117 3 Ir — 0 BD118 LM118 3 Ir — 0 BD119 LM119 3 Ir — 0 BD120 LM120 3 Ir — 0 BD121 LM121 3 Ir — 0 BD122 LM122 3 Ir — 0 BD123 LM123 3 Ir — 0 BD124 LM124 3 Ir — 0 BD125 LM125 3 Ir — 0 BD126 LM126 3 Ir — 0 BD127 LM127 3 Ir — 0 BD128 LM128 3 Ir — 0 BD129 LM129 3 Ir — 0 BD130 LM130 3 Ir — 0 BD131 LM131 3 Ir — 0 BD132 LM132 3 Ir — 0 BD133 LM133 3 Ir — 0 BD134 LM134 3 Ir — 0 BD135 LM135 3 Ir — 0 BD136 LM136 3 Ir — 0 BD137 LM137 3 Ir — 0 BD138 LM138 3 Ir — 0 BD139 LM139 3 Ir — 0 BD140 LM140 3 Ir — 0 BD141 LM141 3 Ir — 0 BD142 LM142 3 Ir — 0 BD143 LM143 3 Ir — 0 BD144 LM144 3 Ir — 0 BD145 LM145 3 Ir — 0 BD146 LM146 3 Ir — 0 BD147 LM147 3 Ir — 0 BD148 LM148 3 Ir — 0 BD149 LM149 3 Ir — 0 BD150 LM150 3 Ir — 0 BD151 LM151 3 Ir — 0 BD152 LM152 3 Ir — 0 BD153 LM153 3 Ir — 0 BD154 LM154 3 Ir — 0 BD155 LM155 3 Ir — 0 BD156 LM156 3 Ir — 0 BD157 LM157 3 Ir — 0 BD158 LM158 3 Ir — 0 BD159 LM159 3 Ir — 0 BD160 LM160 3 Ir — 0 BD161 LM161 3 Ir — 0 BD162 LM162 3 Ir — 0 BD163 LM163 3 Ir — 0 BD164 LM164 3 Ir — 0 BD165 LM165 3 Ir — 0 BD166 LM166 3 Ir — 0 BD167 LM167 3 Ir — 0 BD168 LM168 3 Ir — 0 BD169 LM169 3 Ir — 0 BD170 LM170 3 Ir — 0 BD171 LM171 3 Ir — 0 BD172 LM172 3 Ir — 0 BD173 LM173 3 Ir — 0 BD174 LM174 3 Ir — 0 BD175 LM175 3 Ir — 0 BD176 LM176 3 Ir — 0 BD177 LM177 3 Ir — 0 BD178 LM178 3 Ir — 0 BD179 LM179 3 Ir — 0 BD180 LM180 3 Ir — 0 BD181 LM181 3 Ir — 0 BD182 LM182 3 Ir — 0 BD183 LM183 3 Ir — 0 BD184 LM184 3 Ir — 0 BD185 LM185 3 Ir — 0 BD186 LM186 3 Ir — 0 BD187 LM187 3 Ir — 0 BD188 LM188 3 Ir — 0 BD189 LM189 3 Ir — 0 BD190 LM190 3 Ir — 0 BD191 LM191 3 Ir — 0 BD192 LM192 3 Ir — 0 BD193 LM193 3 Ir — 0 BD194 LM194 3 Ir — 0 BD195 LM195 3 Ir — 0 BD196 LM196 3 Ir — 0 BD197 LM197 3 Ir — 0 BD198 LM198 3 Ir — 0 BD199 LM199 3 Ir — 0 BD200 LM200 3 Ir — 0

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Compound Name L.sub.101 n101 M.sub.101 L.sub.102 m101 BD201 LM201 3 Ir — 0 BD202 LM202 3 Ir — 0 BD203 LM203 3 Ir — 0 BD204 LM204 3 Ir — 0 BD205 LM205 3 Ir — 0 BD206 LM206 3 Ir — 0 BD207 LM207 3 Ir — 0 BD208 LM208 3 Ir — 0 BD209 LM209 3 Ir — 0 BD210 LM210 3 Ir — 0 BD211 LM211 3 Ir — 0 BD212 LM212 3 Ir — 0 BD213 LM213 3 Ir — 0 BD214 LM214 3 Ir — 0 BD215 LM215 3 Ir — 0 BD216 LM216 3 Ir — 0 BD217 LM217 3 Ir — 0 BD218 LM218 3 Ir — 0 BD219 LM219 3 Ir — 0 BD220 LM220 3 Ir — 0 BD221 LM221 3 Ir — 0 BD222 LM222 3 Ir — 0 BD223 LM223 3 Ir — 0 BD224 LM224 3 Ir — 0 BD225 LM225 3 Ir — 0 BD226 LM226 3 Ir — 0 BD227 LM227 3 Ir — 0 BD228 LM228 3 Ir — 0 BD229 LM229 3 Ir — 0 BD230 LM230 3 Ir — 0 BD231 LM231 3 Ir — 0 BD232 LM232 3 Ir — 0 BD233 LM233 3 Ir — 0 BD234 LM234 3 Ir — 0 BD235 LM235 3 Ir — 0 BD236 LM236 3 Ir — 0 BD237 LM237 3 Ir — 0 BD238 LM238 3 Ir — 0 BD239 LM239 3 Ir — 0 BD240 LM240 3 Ir — 0 BD241 LM241 3 Ir — 0 BD242 LM242 3 Ir — 0 BD243 LM243 3 Ir — 0 BD244 LFM1 3 Ir — 0 BD245 LFM2 3 Ir — 0 BD246 LFM3 3 Ir — 0 BD247 LFM4 3 Ir — 0 BD248 LFM5 3 Ir — 0 BD249 LFM6 3 Ir — 0 BD250 LFM7 3 Ir — 0 BD251 LFP1 3 Ir — 0 BD252 LFP2 3 Ir — 0 BD253 LFP3 3 Ir — 0 BD254 LFP4 3 Ir — 0 BD255 LFP5 3 Ir — 0 BD256 LFP6 3 Ir — 0 BD257 LFP7 3 Ir — 0 BD258 LM47 2 Ir AN1 1 BD259 LM47 2 Ir AN2 1 BD260 LM47 2 Ir AN3 1 BD261 LM47 2 Ir AN4 1 BD262 LM47 2 Ir AN5 1 BD263 LM11 2 Pt — 0 BD264 LM13 2 Pt — 0 BD265 LM15 2 Pt — 0 BD266 LM45 2 Pt — 0 BD267 LM47 2 Pt — 0 BD268 LM49 2 Pt — 0 BD269 LM98 2 Pt — 0 BD270 LM100 2 Pt — 0 BD271 LM102 2 Pt — 0 BD272 LM132 2 Pt — 0 BD273 LM134 2 Pt — 0 BD274 LM136 2 Pt — 0 BD275 LM151 2 Pt — 0 BD276 LM153 2 Pt — 0 BD277 LM158 2 Pt — 0 BD278 LM180 2 Pt — 0 BD279 LM182 2 Pt — 0 BD280 LM187 2 Pt — 0 BD281 LM201 2 Pt — 0 BD282 LM206 2 Pt — 0 BD283 LM211 2 Pt — 0 BD284 LM233 2 Pt — 0 BD285 LM235 2 Pt — 0 BD286 LM240 2 Pt — 0 BD287 LFM5 2 Pt — 0 BD288 LFM6 2 Pt — 0 BD289 LFM7 2 Pt — 0 BD290 LFP5 2 Pt — 0 BD291 LFP6 2 Pt — 0 BD292 LFP7 2 Pt — 0 BD293 LM47 1 Pt AN1 1 BD294 LM47 1 Pt AN2 1 BD295 LM47 1 Pt AN3 1 BD296 LM47 1 Pt AN4 1 BD297 LM47 1 Pt AN5 1

[0340] LM1 to LM243, LFM1 to LFM7, and LFP1 to LFP7 in Tables 1 to 3 may be understood by referring to Formulae 1-1 to 1-3 and Tables 4 to 6:

##STR00882##

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Formula 1-1 Ligand name R.sub.11 R.sub.12 R.sub.13 R.sub.14 R.sub.15 R.sub.16 R.sub.17 R.sub.18 R.sub.19 R.sub.20 LM1 X1 H X3 H X1 H H H H D LM2 X1 H X3 H X1 H H H D H LM3 X1 H X3 H X1 H H H D D LM4 Y1 H X3 H Y1 H H H D D LM5 Y2 H X3 H Y2 H H H D D LM6 Y3 H X3 H Y3 H H H D D LM7 Y3 D X3 D Y3 H H H D D LM8 Y3 D X3 D Y3 D H H D D LM9 Y3 D X3 D Y3 D D H D D LM10 Y3 D X3 D Y3 D D D D D LM11 Y3 D Y11 D Y3 D D D D D LM12 Y3 D Y11 D Y3 H X1 H D D LM13 Y3 D Y11 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM14 Y3 D Y11 D Y3 H X4 H D D LM15 Y3 D Y11 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM16 X2 H X3 H X2 H H H H D LM17 X2 H X3 H X2 H H H D H LM18 X2 H X3 H X2 H H H D D LM19 Y4 H X3 H Y4 H H H D D LM20 Y5 H X3 H Y5 H H H D D LM21 Y6 H X3 H Y6 H H H D D LM22 Y7 H X3 H Y7 H H H D D LM23 Y8 H X3 H Y8 H H H D D LM24 Y9 H X3 H Y9 H H H D D LM25 Y10 H X3 H Y10 H H H D D LM26 Y10 D X3 D Y10 H H H D D LM27 Y10 D X3 D Y10 D H H D D LM28 Y10 D X3 D Y10 D D H D D LM29 Y10 D X3 D Y10 D D D D D LM30 Y10 D Y11 D Y10 D D D D D LM31 Y10 D Y11 D Y10 H X1 H D D LM32 Y10 D Y11 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM33 Y10 D Y11 D Y10 H X4 H D D LM34 Y10 D Y11 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM35 X1 H X4 H X1 H H H H D LM36 X1 H X4 H X1 H H H D H LM37 X1 H X4 H X1 H H H D D LM38 Y1 H X4 H Y1 H H H D D LM39 Y2 H X4 H Y2 H H H D D LM40 Y3 H X4 H Y3 H H H D D LM41 Y3 D X4 D Y3 H H H D D LM42 Y3 D X4 D Y3 D H H D D LM43 Y3 D X4 D Y3 D D H D D LM44 Y3 D X4 D Y3 D D D D D LM45 Y3 D Y12 D Y3 D D D D D LM46 Y3 D Y12 D Y3 H X1 H D D LM47 Y3 D Y12 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM48 Y3 D Y12 D Y3 H X4 H D D LM49 Y3 D Y12 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM50 X2 H X4 H X2 H H H H D LM51 X2 H X4 H X2 H H H D H LM52 X2 H X4 H X2 H H H D D LM53 Y4 H X4 H Y4 H H H D D LM54 Y5 H X4 H Y5 H H H D D LM55 Y6 H X4 H Y6 H H H D D LM56 Y7 H X4 H Y7 H H H D D LM57 Y8 H X4 H Y8 H H H D D LM58 Y9 H X4 H Y9 H H H D D LM59 Y10 H X4 H Y10 H H H D D LM60 Y10 D X4 D Y10 H H H D D LM61 Y10 D X4 D Y10 D H H D D LM62 Y10 D X4 D Y10 D D H D D LM63 Y10 D X4 D Y10 D D D D D LM64 Y10 D Y12 D Y10 D D D D D LM65 Y10 D Y12 D Y10 H X1 H D D LM66 Y10 D Y12 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM67 Y10 D Y12 D Y10 H X4 H D D LM68 Y10 D Y12 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM69 X1 H X5 H X1 H H H H D LM70 X1 H X5 H X1 H H H D H LM71 X1 H X5 H X1 H H H D D LM72 Y1 H X5 H Y1 H H H D D LM73 Y2 H X5 H Y2 H H H D D LM74 Y3 H X5 H Y3 H H H D D LM75 Y3 D X5 D Y3 H H H D D LM76 Y3 D X5 D Y3 D H H D D LM77 Y3 D X5 D Y3 D D H D D LM78 Y3 D X5 D Y3 D D D D D LM79 Y3 D Y13 D Y3 D D D D D LM80 Y3 D Y13 D Y3 H X1 H D D LM81 Y3 D Y13 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM82 Y3 D Y13 D Y3 H X4 H D D LM83 Y3 D Y13 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM84 X2 H X5 H X2 H H H H D LM85 X2 H X5 H X2 H H H D H LM86 X2 H X5 H X2 H H H D D LM87 Y4 H X5 H Y4 H H H D D LM88 Y5 H X5 H Y5 H H H D D LM89 Y6 H X5 H Y6 H H H D D LM90 Y7 H X5 H Y7 H H H D D LM91 Y8 H X5 H Y8 H H H D D LM92 Y9 H X5 H Y9 H H H D D LM93 Y10 H X5 H Y10 H H H D D LM94 Y10 D X5 D Y10 H H H D D LM95 Y10 D X5 D Y10 D H H D D LM96 Y10 D X5 D Y10 D D H D D LM97 Y10 D X5 D Y10 D D D D D LM98 Y10 D Y13 D Y10 D D D D D LM99 Y10 D Y13 D Y10 H X1 H D D LM100 Y10 D Y13 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM101 Y10 D Y13 D Y10 H X4 H D D LM102 Y10 D Y13 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM103 X1 H X6 H X1 H H H H D LM104 X1 H X6 H X1 H H H D H LM105 X1 H X6 H X1 H H H D D LM106 Y1 H X6 H Y1 H H H D D LM107 Y2 H X6 H Y2 H H H D D LM108 Y3 H X6 H Y3 H H H D D LM109 Y3 D X6 D Y3 H H H D D LM110 Y3 D X6 D Y3 D H H D D LM111 Y3 D X6 D Y3 D D H D D LM112 Y3 D X6 D Y3 D D D D D LM113 Y3 D Y14 D Y3 D D D D D LM114 Y3 D Y14 D Y3 H X1 H D D LM115 Y3 D Y14 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM116 Y3 D Y14 D Y3 H X4 H D D LM117 Y3 D Y14 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM118 X2 H X6 H X2 H H H H D LM119 X2 H X6 H X2 H H H D H LM120 X2 H X6 H X2 H H H D D LM121 Y4 H X6 H Y4 H H H D D LM122 Y5 H X6 H Y5 H H H D D LM123 Y6 H X6 H Y6 H H H D D LM124 Y7 H X6 H Y7 H H H D D LM125 Y8 H X6 H Y8 H H H D D LM126 Y9 H X6 H Y9 H H H D D LM127 Y10 H X6 H Y10 H H H D D LM128 Y10 D X6 D Y10 H H H D D LM129 Y10 D X6 D Y10 D H H D D LM130 Y10 D X6 D Y10 D D H D D LM131 Y10 D X6 D Y10 D D D D D LM132 Y10 D Y14 D Y10 D D D D D LM133 Y10 D Y14 D Y10 H X1 H D D LM134 Y10 D Y14 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM135 Y10 D Y14 D Y10 H X4 H D D LM136 Y10 D Y14 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM137 X1 H X7 H X1 H H H H D LM138 X1 H X7 H X1 H H H D H LM139 X1 H X7 H X1 H H H D D LM140 Y1 H X7 H Y1 H H H D D LM141 Y2 H X7 H Y2 H H H D D LM142 Y3 H X7 H Y3 H H H D D LM143 Y3 D X7 D Y3 H H H D D LM144 Y3 D X7 D Y3 D H H D D LM145 Y3 D X7 D Y3 D D H D D LM146 Y3 D X7 D Y3 D D D D D LM147 Y3 D X8 D Y3 D D D D D LM148 Y3 D Y16 D Y3 D D D D D LM149 Y3 D Y17 D Y3 D D D D D LM150 Y3 D Y18 D Y3 D D D D D LM151 Y3 D Y15 D Y3 D D D D D LM152 Y3 D Y15 D Y3 H X1 H D D LM153 Y3 D Y15 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM154 Y3 D Y16 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM155 Y3 D Y17 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM156 Y3 D Y18 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM157 Y3 D Y15 D Y3 H X4 H D D LM158 Y3 D Y15 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM159 Y3 D Y16 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM160 Y3 D Y17 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM161 Y3 D Y18 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM162 X2 H X7 H X2 H H H H D LM163 X2 H X7 H X2 H H H D H LM164 X2 H X7 H X2 H H H D D LM165 Y4 H X7 H Y4 H H H D D LM166 Y5 H X7 H Y5 H H H D D LM167 Y6 H X7 H Y6 H H H D D LM168 Y7 H X7 H Y7 H H H D D LM169 Y8 H X7 H Y8 H H H D D LM170 Y9 H X7 H Y9 H H H D D LM171 Y10 H X7 H Y10 H H H D D LM172 Y10 D X7 D Y10 H H H D D LM173 Y10 D X7 D Y10 D H H D D LM174 Y10 D X7 D Y10 D D H D D LM175 Y10 D X7 D Y10 D D D D D LM176 Y10 D X8 D Y10 D D D D D LM177 Y10 D Y16 D Y10 D D D D D LM178 Y10 D Y17 D Y10 D D D D D LM179 Y10 D Y18 D Y10 D D D D D LM180 Y10 D Y15 D Y10 D D D D D LM181 Y10 D Y15 D Y10 H X1 H D D LM182 Y10 D Y15 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM183 Y10 D Y16 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM184 Y10 D Y17 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM185 Y10 D Y18 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM186 Y10 D Y15 D Y10 H X4 H D D LM187 Y10 D Y15 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM188 Y10 D Y16 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM189 Y10 D Y17 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM190 Y10 D Y18 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM191 X1 X7 H H X1 H H H H D LM192 X1 X7 H H X1 H H H D H LM193 X1 X7 H H X1 H H H D D LM194 Y1 X7 H H Y1 H H H D D LM195 Y2 X7 H H Y2 H H H D D LM196 Y3 X7 H H Y3 H H H D D LM197 Y3 X7 D D Y3 H H H D D LM198 Y3 X7 D D Y3 D H H D D LM199 Y3 X7 D D Y3 D D H D D LM200 Y3 X7 D D Y3 D D D D D LM201 Y3 Y15 D D Y3 D D D D D LM202 Y3 Y16 D D Y3 D D D D D LM203 Y3 Y17 D D Y3 D D D D D LM204 Y3 Y18 D D Y3 D D D D D LM205 Y3 Y15 D D Y3 H X1 H D D LM206 Y3 Y15 D D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM207 Y3 Y16 D D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM208 Y3 Y17 D D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM209 Y3 Y18 D D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM210 Y3 Y15 D D Y3 H X4 H D D LM211 Y3 Y15 D D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM212 Y3 Y16 D D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM213 Y3 Y17 D D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM214 Y3 Y18 D D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM215 X2 X7 H H X2 H H H H D LM216 X2 X7 H H X2 H H H D H LM217 X2 X7 H H X2 H H H D D LM218 Y4 X7 H H Y4 H H H D D LM219 Y5 X7 H H Y5 H H H D D LM220 Y6 X7 H H Y6 H H H D D LM221 Y7 X7 H H Y7 H H H D D LM222 Y8 X7 H H Y8 H H H D D LM223 Y9 X7 H H Y9 H H H D D LM224 Y10 X7 H H Y10 H H H D D LM225 Y10 X7 D D Y10 H H H D D LM226 Y10 X7 D D Y10 D H H D D LM227 Y10 X7 D D Y10 D D H D D LM228 Y10 X7 D D Y10 D D D D D LM229 Y10 X8 D D Y10 D D D D D LM230 Y10 Y16 D D Y10 D D D D D LM231 Y10 Y17 D D Y10 D D D D D LM232 Y10 Y18 D D Y10 D D D D D LM233 Y10 Y15 D D Y10 D D D D D LM234 Y10 Y15 D D Y10 H X1 H D D LM235 Y10 Y15 D D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM236 Y10 Y16 D D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM237 Y10 Y17 D D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM238 Y10 Y18 D D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM239 Y10 Y15 D D Y10 H X4 H D D LM240 Y10 Y15 D D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM241 Y10 Y16 D D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM242 Y10 Y17 D D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM243 Y10 Y18 D D Y10 D Y12 D D D

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Formula 1-2 Ligand name R.sub.11 X.sub.11 R.sub.101 R.sub.102 R.sub.103 R.sub.104 R.sub.14 R.sub.15 R.sub.16 R.sub.17 R.sub.18 R.sub.19 R.sub.20 LFM1 Y10 N—Ph D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFM2 Y10 S D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFM3 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFM4 Y3 O D D D D D Y3 D D D D D LFM5 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFM6 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D Y3 D D D LFM7 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D Y12 D D D

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Formula 1-3 Ligand name R.sub.11 X.sub.11 R.sub.101 R.sub.102 R.sub.103 R.sub.104 R.sub.14 R.sub.15 R.sub.16 R.sub.17 R.sub.18 R.sub.19 R.sub.20 LFP1 Y10 N—Ph D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFP2 Y10 S D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFP3 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFP4 Y3 O D D D D D Y3 D D D D D LFP5 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFP6 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D Y3 D D D LFP7 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D Y12 D D D

[0341] X1 to X10 and Y1 to Y18 in Tables 4 to 6 are the same as described below, and Ph in the tables refers to a phenyl group:

##STR00883## ##STR00884## ##STR00885## ##STR00886## ##STR00887##

[0342] In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may include the thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter represented by Formula 201 or 202.

[0343] For example, A.sub.211 in Formula 202 may be a substituted or unsubstituted π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group.

[0344] In one or more embodiments, the π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group may be a phenyl group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group; or a condensed cyclic group of two or more r electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic groups, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0345] For example, D.sub.211 in Formula 202 may be: —F, a cyano group, or an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group;

[0346] a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or an π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group, each substituted with at least one of —F or a cyano group; or

[0347] an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, substituted with at least one deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or an π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group.

[0348] In one or more embodiments, the π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group is the same as described herein.

[0349] The term “π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group” used herein refers to a cyclic group having at least one —N=moiety, and, for example, may be an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azacarbazole group, or a benzimidazolobenzimidazole group; or a condensed cyclic group in which two or more π electron-efficient nitrogen-containing cyclic groups are condensed with each other.

[0350] In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may be one from Groups VII to XIII, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: Group VII

##STR00888## ##STR00889## ##STR00890## ##STR00891## ##STR00892## ##STR00893## ##STR00894## ##STR00895## ##STR00896## ##STR00897## ##STR00898## ##STR00899## ##STR00900## ##STR00901## ##STR00902## ##STR00903## ##STR00904## ##STR00905## ##STR00906## ##STR00907## ##STR00908## ##STR00909## ##STR00910## ##STR00911## ##STR00912## ##STR00913##

##STR00914## ##STR00915## ##STR00916## ##STR00917## ##STR00918## ##STR00919## ##STR00920## ##STR00921## ##STR00922## ##STR00923## ##STR00924## ##STR00925## ##STR00926## ##STR00927## ##STR00928## ##STR00929## ##STR00930## ##STR00931## ##STR00932## ##STR00933## ##STR00934## ##STR00935## ##STR00936## ##STR00937##

##STR00938## ##STR00939## ##STR00940## ##STR00941## ##STR00942## ##STR00943## ##STR00944## ##STR00945## ##STR00946## ##STR00947## ##STR00948## ##STR00949## ##STR00950## ##STR00951## ##STR00952## ##STR00953## ##STR00954## ##STR00955## ##STR00956## ##STR00957## ##STR00958## ##STR00959## ##STR00960## ##STR00961## ##STR00962## ##STR00963## ##STR00964## ##STR00965## ##STR00966## ##STR00967## ##STR00968## ##STR00969##

##STR00970## ##STR00971## ##STR00972## ##STR00973## ##STR00974## ##STR00975## ##STR00976## ##STR00977## ##STR00978## ##STR00979## ##STR00980## ##STR00981## ##STR00982## ##STR00983## ##STR00984## ##STR00985## ##STR00986## ##STR00987## ##STR00988## ##STR00989## ##STR00990## ##STR00991## ##STR00992## ##STR00993## ##STR00994## ##STR00995##

##STR00996## ##STR00997## ##STR00998## ##STR00999## ##STR01000## ##STR01001## ##STR01002## ##STR01003## ##STR01004## ##STR01005## ##STR01006## ##STR01007## ##STR01008## ##STR01009## ##STR01010## ##STR01011##

##STR01012## ##STR01013## ##STR01014## ##STR01015## ##STR01016## ##STR01017## ##STR01018## ##STR01019## ##STR01020## ##STR01021## ##STR01022## ##STR01023## ##STR01024## ##STR01025## ##STR01026## ##STR01027## ##STR01028## ##STR01029## ##STR01030## ##STR01031## ##STR01032##

##STR01033## ##STR01034## ##STR01035## ##STR01036## ##STR01037## ##STR01038## ##STR01039## ##STR01040## ##STR01041## ##STR01042## ##STR01043## ##STR01044## ##STR01045## ##STR01046## ##STR01047## ##STR01048## ##STR01049## ##STR01050## ##STR01051## ##STR01052## ##STR01053## ##STR01054## ##STR01055## ##STR01056## ##STR01057## ##STR01058## ##STR01059## ##STR01060## ##STR01061## ##STR01062## ##STR01063## ##STR01064## ##STR01065## ##STR01066##

##STR01067## ##STR01068## ##STR01069## ##STR01070## ##STR01071## ##STR01072## ##STR01073## ##STR01074## ##STR01075## ##STR01076## ##STR01077## ##STR01078## ##STR01079## ##STR01080## ##STR01081## ##STR01082## ##STR01083## ##STR01084## ##STR01085## ##STR01086##

##STR01087## ##STR01088## ##STR01089## ##STR01090## ##STR01091## ##STR01092## ##STR01093## ##STR01094## ##STR01095## ##STR01096## ##STR01097## ##STR01098## ##STR01099## ##STR01100## ##STR01101## ##STR01102## ##STR01103## ##STR01104## ##STR01105## ##STR01106## ##STR01107## ##STR01108## ##STR01109## ##STR01110## ##STR01111## ##STR01112## ##STR01113## ##STR01114## ##STR01115## ##STR01116## ##STR01117##

##STR01118## ##STR01119## ##STR01120## ##STR01121## ##STR01122## ##STR01123## ##STR01124## ##STR01125## ##STR01126## ##STR01127## ##STR01128##

##STR01129## ##STR01130## ##STR01131## ##STR01132## ##STR01133## ##STR01134## ##STR01135## ##STR01136## ##STR01137## ##STR01138## ##STR01139## ##STR01140## ##STR01141## ##STR01142## ##STR01143## ##STR01144## ##STR01145## ##STR01146## ##STR01147## ##STR01148## ##STR01149## ##STR01150## ##STR01151## ##STR01152## ##STR01153## ##STR01154##

##STR01155## ##STR01156## ##STR01157## ##STR01158## ##STR01159## ##STR01160## ##STR01161## ##STR01162## ##STR01163## ##STR01164## ##STR01165## ##STR01166## ##STR01167## ##STR01168## ##STR01169## ##STR01170## ##STR01171## ##STR01172## ##STR01173## ##STR01174## ##STR01175## ##STR01176## ##STR01177##

##STR01178## ##STR01179## ##STR01180## ##STR01181## ##STR01182## ##STR01183## ##STR01184## ##STR01185## ##STR01186## ##STR01187## ##STR01188## ##STR01189## ##STR01190## ##STR01191## ##STR01192## ##STR01193## ##STR01194## ##STR01195## ##STR01196## ##STR01197## ##STR01198## ##STR01199## ##STR01200## ##STR01201## ##STR01202## ##STR01203## ##STR01204## ##STR01205## ##STR01206## ##STR01207## ##STR01208## ##STR01209## ##STR01210## ##STR01211## ##STR01212## ##STR01213## ##STR01214##

##STR01215## ##STR01216## ##STR01217## ##STR01218## ##STR01219## ##STR01220## ##STR01221## ##STR01222## ##STR01223## ##STR01224## ##STR01225## ##STR01226## ##STR01227## ##STR01228## ##STR01229## ##STR01230## ##STR01231## ##STR01232## ##STR01233## ##STR01234## ##STR01235## ##STR01236## ##STR01237## ##STR01238## ##STR01239## ##STR01240## ##STR01241## ##STR01242## ##STR01243## ##STR01244## ##STR01245##

##STR01246## ##STR01247## ##STR01248## ##STR01249## ##STR01250## ##STR01251## ##STR01252## ##STR01253## ##STR01254## ##STR01255## ##STR01256## ##STR01257## ##STR01258## ##STR01259## ##STR01260## ##STR01261## ##STR01262## ##STR01263## ##STR01264## ##STR01265## ##STR01266## ##STR01267## ##STR01268## ##STR01269## ##STR01270## ##STR01271## ##STR01272## ##STR01273## ##STR01274## ##STR01275##

##STR01276## ##STR01277## ##STR01278## ##STR01279## ##STR01280## ##STR01281## ##STR01282## ##STR01283## ##STR01284## ##STR01285## ##STR01286## ##STR01287## ##STR01288## ##STR01289## ##STR01290## ##STR01291## ##STR01292## ##STR01293## ##STR01294## ##STR01295## ##STR01296## ##STR01297## ##STR01298## ##STR01299## ##STR01300## ##STR01301## ##STR01302## ##STR01303## ##STR01304## ##STR01305## ##STR01306## ##STR01307## ##STR01308## ##STR01309## ##STR01310## ##STR01311## ##STR01312## ##STR01313## ##STR01314##

##STR01315## ##STR01316## ##STR01317## ##STR01318## ##STR01319## ##STR01320## ##STR01321## ##STR01322## ##STR01323## ##STR01324## ##STR01325## ##STR01326## ##STR01327## ##STR01328## ##STR01329## ##STR01330## ##STR01331## ##STR01332## ##STR01333## ##STR01334## ##STR01335## ##STR01336## ##STR01337## ##STR01338## ##STR01339## ##STR01340## ##STR01341## ##STR01342## ##STR01343## ##STR01344## ##STR01345## ##STR01346## ##STR01347## ##STR01348## ##STR01349## ##STR01350## ##STR01351## ##STR01352## ##STR01353## ##STR01354## ##STR01355##

##STR01356## ##STR01357## ##STR01358## ##STR01359## ##STR01360## ##STR01361## ##STR01362## ##STR01363## ##STR01364## ##STR01365## ##STR01366## ##STR01367## ##STR01368## ##STR01369## ##STR01370## ##STR01371## ##STR01372## ##STR01373## ##STR01374## ##STR01375## ##STR01376## ##STR01377## ##STR01378## ##STR01379## ##STR01380## ##STR01381## ##STR01382## ##STR01383## ##STR01384## ##STR01385## ##STR01386## ##STR01387## ##STR01388## ##STR01389## ##STR01390## ##STR01391## ##STR01392## ##STR01393## ##STR01394## ##STR01395## ##STR01396## ##STR01397## ##STR01398## ##STR01399##

##STR01400## ##STR01401## ##STR01402## ##STR01403## ##STR01404## ##STR01405## ##STR01406## ##STR01407## ##STR01408## ##STR01409## ##STR01410## ##STR01411## ##STR01412## ##STR01413## ##STR01414## ##STR01415## ##STR01416## ##STR01417## ##STR01418## ##STR01419## ##STR01420## ##STR01421## ##STR01422## ##STR01423## ##STR01424## ##STR01425## ##STR01426## ##STR01427## ##STR01428## ##STR01429## ##STR01430## ##STR01431## ##STR01432## ##STR01433##

##STR01434## ##STR01435## ##STR01436## ##STR01437## ##STR01438## ##STR01439## ##STR01440## ##STR01441## ##STR01442## ##STR01443## ##STR01444## ##STR01445## ##STR01446## ##STR01447## ##STR01448## ##STR01449## ##STR01450## ##STR01451## ##STR01452## ##STR01453## ##STR01454## ##STR01455## ##STR01456## ##STR01457## ##STR01458## ##STR01459## ##STR01460## ##STR01461## ##STR01462## ##STR01463## ##STR01464##

##STR01465## ##STR01466## ##STR01467## ##STR01468## ##STR01469## ##STR01470## ##STR01471## ##STR01472## ##STR01473## ##STR01474## ##STR01475## ##STR01476## ##STR01477## ##STR01478## ##STR01479## ##STR01480## ##STR01481## ##STR01482## ##STR01483## ##STR01484## ##STR01485## ##STR01486## ##STR01487## ##STR01488## ##STR01489## ##STR01490## ##STR01491## ##STR01492## ##STR01493## ##STR01494## ##STR01495## ##STR01496## ##STR01497## ##STR01498## ##STR01499## ##STR01500## ##STR01501## ##STR01502## ##STR01503## ##STR01504## ##STR01505## ##STR01506## ##STR01507##

##STR01508## ##STR01509## ##STR01510## ##STR01511## ##STR01512## ##STR01513## ##STR01514## ##STR01515## ##STR01516## ##STR01517## ##STR01518## ##STR01519## ##STR01520## ##STR01521## ##STR01522## ##STR01523## ##STR01524## ##STR01525## ##STR01526## ##STR01527## ##STR01528## ##STR01529## ##STR01530## ##STR01531## ##STR01532## ##STR01533## ##STR01534## ##STR01535## ##STR01536## ##STR01537## ##STR01538## ##STR01539## ##STR01540## ##STR01541## ##STR01542## ##STR01543## ##STR01544## ##STR01545## ##STR01546## ##STR01547## ##STR01548## ##STR01549## ##STR01550## ##STR01551## ##STR01552## ##STR01553## ##STR01554## ##STR01555## ##STR01556## ##STR01557## ##STR01558## ##STR01559## ##STR01560## ##STR01561## ##STR01562## ##STR01563## ##STR01564## ##STR01565## ##STR01566## ##STR01567## ##STR01568## ##STR01569## ##STR01570##

Hole Transport Region 12

[0351] The hole transport region 12 may be located between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer 15 of the organic light-emitting device 10.

[0352] The hole transport region 12 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure.

[0353] For example, the hole transport region 12 may have a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/first hole transport layer/second hole transport layer structure, a hole transport layer/middle layer structure, a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/middle layer structure, a hole transport layer/electron-blocking layer structure, or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron-blocking layer structure, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0354] The hole transport region 12 may include any compound having hole-transporting properties.

[0355] For example, the hole transport region 12 may include an amine-containing compound.

[0356] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region 1 may include at least one of a compound represented by Formula 201 to a compound represented by Formula 205, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR01571##

wherein, in Formulae 201 to 205,

[0357] L.sub.201 to L.sub.209 may each independently be O, S, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group,

[0358] xa1 to xa9 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, and

[0359] R.sub.201 to R.sub.206 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, wherein neighboring two groups of R.sub.201 to R.sub.206 may optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group.

[0360] For example, in one or more embodiments,

[0361] L.sub.201 to L.sub.209 may be a phenyl group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, and a triindolobenzene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a quaterphenyl group, or —Si(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12)(Q.sub.13),

[0362] xa1 to xa9 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, and

[0363] R.sub.201 to R.sub.206 may each independently be a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an indeno carbazolyl group, an indolocarbazolyl group, a benzofurocarbazolyl group, or a benzothienocarbazolyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), or —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32),

[0364] wherein Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.13 and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

[0365] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region 12 may include a carbazole-containing amine compound.

[0366] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region 12 may include a carbazole-containing amine compound and a carbazole-free amine compound.

[0367] The carbazole-containing amine compound may be s, for example, a compound represented by Formula 201 including a carbazole group and further including at least one of a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, or a benzothienocarbazole group.

[0368] The carbazole-free amine compound may be, for example, a compound represented by Formula 201 which does not include a carbazole group and which includes at least one of a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, or a benzothienocarbazole group.

[0369] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region 12 may include at least one compound represented by Formulae 201 or 202.

[0370] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region 12 may include at least one compound represented by Formulae 201-1, 202-1, or 201-2, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

##STR01572##

[0371] In Formulae 201-1, 202-1, and 201-2, L.sub.201 to L.sub.203, L.sub.205, xa1 to xa3, xa5, R.sub.201 and R.sub.202 are the same as described herein, and R.sub.211 to R.sub.213 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a dimethylfluorenyl group, a diphenyla fluorenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, or a pyridinyl group.

[0372] For example, the hole transport region 12 may include at least one of Compounds HT1 to HT39, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

##STR01573## ##STR01574## ##STR01575## ##STR01576## ##STR01577## ##STR01578## ##STR01579## ##STR01580## ##STR01581## ##STR01582## ##STR01583## ##STR01584## ##STR01585##

[0373] In one or more embodiments, hole transport region 12 of the organic light-emitting device 10 may further include a p-dopant. When the hole transport region 12 further includes a p-dopant, the hole transport region 12 may have a matrix (for example, at least one of compounds represented by Formulae 201 to 205) and a p-dopant included in the matrix. The p-dopant may be uniformly or non-uniformly doped in the hole transport region 12.

[0374] In one or more embodiments, the LUMO energy level of the p-dopant may be −3.5 electron volts (eV) or less.

[0375] The p-dopant may include at least one of a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, or a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0376] In one or more embodiments, the p-dopant may include at least one of:

[0377] a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), or F6-TCNNQ;

[0378] a metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide;

[0379] 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); or

[0380] a compound represented by Formula 221 below,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR01586##

[0381] In Formula 221.

[0382] R.sub.221 to R.sub.223 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and at least one of R.sub.221 to R.sub.223 may have at least one substituent that is a cyano group. —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group substituted with —F, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group substituted with —Cl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group substituted with —Br, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group substituted with —I.

[0383] The hole transport region 12 may have a thickness of about 100 Å to about 10000 Å, for example, about 400 Å to about 2000 Å, and the emission layer 15 may have a thickness of about 100 Å to about 3000 Å, for example, about 300 Å to about 1000 Å. When the thickness of each of the hole transport region 12 and the emission layer 15 is within these ranges described above, satisfactory hole transportation characteristics and/or luminescent characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Electron Transport Region 17

[0384] The electron transport region 17 is placed between the emission layer 15 and the second electrode 19 of the organic light-emitting device 10.

[0385] The electron transport region 17 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure.

[0386] For example, the electron transport region 17 may have an electron transport layer, an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, a buffer layer/electron transport layer structure, hole-blocking layer/electron transport layer structure, a buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, or a hole-blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The electron transport region 17 may further include an electron control layer.

[0387] The electron transport region 17 may include known electron-transporting materials.

[0388] The electron transport region (for example, a buffer layer, a hole-blocking layer, an electron control layer, or an electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may include a metal-free compound containing at least one T electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group. The n electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group is the same as described above.

[0389] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 601 below:

[Ar.sub.601].sub.x611-[(L.sub.601).sub.xe1-R.sub.601].sub.xe21  Formula 601

[0390] wherein, in Formula 601,

[0391] Ar.sub.601 and L.sub.601 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group,

[0392] xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0393] xe1 is an integer from 0 to 5,

[0394] R.sub.601 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q.sub.601)(Q.sub.602)(Q.sub.603), —C(═O)(Q.sub.601), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.601), —P(Q.sub.601)(Q.sub.602), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.601)(Q.sub.602).

[0395] Q.sub.601 to Q.sub.603 may each independently be a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, and

[0396] xe21 is an integer from 1 to 5.

[0397] In one or more embodiments, at least one of Ar.sub.601(s) in the number of xe11 and R.sub.601(s) in the number of xe21 may include the π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.

[0398] In one or more embodiments, ring Ar.sub.601 and L.sub.601 in Formula 601 may each independently be a phenyl group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32),

[0399] wherein Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

[0400] When xe11 in Formula 601 is 2 or more, two or more of Ar.sub.601(s) may be linked to each other via a single bond.

[0401] In one or more embodiments, Ar.sub.601 in Formula 601 may be an anthracene group.

[0402] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 601 may be represented by Formula 601-1:

##STR01587##

[0403] In Formula 601-1,

[0404] X.sub.614 may be N or C(R.sub.614), X.sub.615 may be N or C(R.sub.615), X.sub.616 may be N or C(R.sub.616), at least one of X.sub.614 to X.sub.616 may be N,

[0405] L.sub.611 to L.sub.613 may each independently be the same as described in connection with L.sub.601,

[0406] xe611 to xe613 may each independently be the same as described in connection with xe1,

[0407] R.sub.611 to R.sub.613 may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.601, and

[0408] R.sub.614 to R.sub.616 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

[0409] In one or more embodiments, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

[0410] In one or more embodiments, R.sub.601 and R.sub.611 to R.sub.613 in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, or an azacarbazolyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, or an azacarbazolyl group; or

[0411] —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.601) or —P(═O)(Q.sub.601)(Q.sub.602),

[0412] wherein Q.sub.601 and Q.sub.602 are the same as described above.

[0413] The electron transport region may include at least one of Compounds ET1 to ET36, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR01588## ##STR01589## ##STR01590## ##STR01591## ##STR01592## ##STR01593## ##STR01594## ##STR01595## ##STR01596## ##STR01597## ##STR01598## ##STR01599##

[0414] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-dphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq.sub.3), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1,08)-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-olato)aluminum (BAlq), 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), or 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ):

##STR01600##

[0415] Thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole-blocking layer, and the electron control layer may each independently be in the range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole-blocking layer, and the electron control layer are within these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics or excellent electron control characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0416] A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in the range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the range described above, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electron-transporting characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0417] The electron transport region 17 (for example, the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.

[0418] The metal-containing material may include at least one of an alkali metal complex or an alkaline earth-metal complex. The alkali metal complex may include a metal ion that is a Li ion, a Na ion, a K ion, a Rb ion, or a Cs ion, and the alkaline earth-metal complex may include a metal ion that is a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Sr ion, or a Ba ion. A ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or the metal ion of the alkaline earth-metal complex may be a hydroxy quinoline, a hydroxy isoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, a hydroxy acridine, a hydroxy phenanthridine, a hydroxy phenyloxazole, a hydroxy phenylthiazole, a hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, a hydroxy diphenylthiadiazole, a hydroxy phenylpyridine, a hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, a hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, or a cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0419] In one or more embodiments, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate,

##STR01601##

[0420] The electron transport region 17 may include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode 19. The electron injection layer may directly contact the second electrode 19.

[0421] The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

[0422] The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or a combination thereof.

[0423] The alkali metal may be Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs. In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal may be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal may be Li or Cs, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0424] The alkaline earth metal may be Mg, Ca. Sr, or Ba.

[0425] The rare earth metal may be Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, or Gd.

[0426] The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth-metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may be an oxide or a halide (for example, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides) of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth-metal, or the rare earth metal.

[0427] The alkali metal compound may be an alkali metal oxide, such as Li.sub.2O, Cs.sub.2O, or K.sub.2O, or an alkali metal halide, such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, or KI. In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal compound may be LiF, Li.sub.2O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, or KI, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0428] The alkaline earth-metal compound may be an alkaline earth-metal oxide, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xO (0<x<1), or Ba.sub.xCa.sub.1-xO (0<x<1). In one or more embodiments, the alkaline earth-metal compound may be BaO, SrO, or CaO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0429] The rare earth metal compound may be YbF.sub.3, ScF.sub.3, Sc.sub.2O.sub.3, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, Ce.sub.2O.sub.3, GdF.sub.3, or TbF.sub.3. In one or more embodiments, the rare earth metal compound may be YbF.sub.3, ScF.sub.3, TbF.sub.3, YbI.sub.3, ScI.sub.3, or TbI.sub.3, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0430] The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may include an ion of alkali metal, alkaline earth-metal, and/or rare earth metal as described above, and a ligand coordinated with a metal ion of the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, and/or the rare earth metal complex may be hydroxy quinoline, hydroxy isoquinoline, hydroxy benzoquinoline, hydroxy acridine, hydroxy phenanthridine, hydroxy phenyloxazole, hydroxy phenylthiazole, hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, hydroxy diphenylthiadiazole, hydroxy phenylpyridine, hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, or cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0431] The electron injection layer may consist of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or a combination thereof, as described above. In one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organic material. When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or a combination thereof, may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

[0432] A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the range described above, the electron injection layer may have satisfactory electron injection characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Second Electrode 19

[0433] The second electrode 19 is located on the organic layer 10A having such a structure. The second electrode 19 may be a cathode which is an electron injection electrode, and in this regard, a material for forming the second electrode 19 may be a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof, which have a relatively low work function.

[0434] The second electrode 19 may include at least one of lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), ITO, or IZO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The second electrode 19 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

[0435] The second electrode 19 may have a single-layered structure having a single layer or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers.

[0436] Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device has been described with reference to FIG. 1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Description of FIG. 2

[0437] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device 100 according to another embodiment.

[0438] The organic light-emitting device 100 of FIG. 2 includes a first electrode 110, a second electrode 190 facing the first electrode 110, and a first light-emitting unit 151 and a second light-emitting unit 152 between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 190. A charge generation layer 141 is located between the first emission unit 151 and the second emission unit 152, and the charge generation layer 141 may include an n-type charge generation layer 141-N and a p-type charge generation layer 141—P. The charge generation layer 141 is a layer that generates charge and supplies the charge to neighboring emission units, and any known material may be used therefor.

[0439] The first emission unit 151 may include a first emission layer 151-EM, and the second emission unit 152 may include a second emission layer 152-EM. The maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the first emission unit 151 may be different from the maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the second emission unit 152. For example, the mixed light of the light emitted from the first emission unit 151 and the light emitted from the second emission unit 152 may be white light, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0440] The hole transport region 120 is located between the first emission unit 151 and the first electrode 110, and the second emission unit 152 may include the first hole transport region 121 located on the side of the first electrode 110.

[0441] An electron transport region 170 is located between the second emission unit 152 and the second electrode 190, and the first emission unit 151 may include a first electron transport region 171 located between the charge generation layer 141 and the first emission layer 151-EM.

[0442] The first emission layer 151-EM includes the composition described above.

[0443] For example, the first emission layer 151-EM may include a host, a dopant, and a sensitizer, the sensitizer may include the first compound of the composition, the dopant may include the second compound of the composition, and the host may include the third compound of the composition.

[0444] The second emission layer 152-EM includes the above composition.

[0445] For example, the second emission layer 152-EM may include a host, a dopant, and a sensitizer, the sensitizer may include the first compound of the composition, the dopant may include the second compound of the composition, and the host may include the third compound of the composition.

[0446] The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 190 illustrated in FIG. 2 may be the same as described in connection with the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 19 illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0447] The first emission layer 151-EM and the second emission layer 152-EM illustrated in FIG. 2 are each the same as described in connection with the emission layer 15 illustrated in FIG. 2.

[0448] The hole transport region 120 and the first hole transport region 121 illustrated in FIG. 2 are each the same as described in connection with the hole transport region 12 illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0449] The electron transport region 170 and the first electron transport region 171 illustrated in FIG. 2 are each the same as described in connection with the electron transport region 17 illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0450] As described above, referring to FIG. 2, an organic light-emitting device in which each of the first light-emitting unit 151 and the second light-emitting unit 152 includes an emission layer including a host, a dopant, and a sensitizer, has been described. However, the organic light-emitting device may have various other forms. For example, one of the first light-emitting unit 151 and the second light-emitting unit 152 of the organic light-emitting device 100 of FIG. 2 may be replaced with any known light-emitting unit, or may include three or more light-emitting units.

Description of FIG. 3

[0451] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device 200 according to another embodiment.

[0452] The organic light-emitting device 200 includes a first electrode 210, a second electrode 290 facing the first electrode 210, and a first emission layer 251 and a second emission layer 252 which are stacked between the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 290.

[0453] The maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the first emission layer 251 may be different from the maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the second emission layer 252. For example, the mixed light of the light emitted from the first emission layer 251 and the light emitted from the second emission layer 252 may be white light, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0454] In one or more embodiments, a hole transport region 220 may be located between the first emission layer 251 and the first electrode 210, and an electron transport region 270 may be located between the second emission layer 252 and the second electrode 290.

[0455] The first emission layer 251 includes the composition described above.

[0456] For example, the first emission layer 251 may include a host, a dopant, and a sensitizer, the sensitizer may include the first compound of the composition, the dopant may include the second compound of the composition, and the host may include the third compound of the composition.

[0457] The second emission layer 252 includes the composition described above.

[0458] For example, the second emission layer 252 may include a host, a dopant, and a sensitizer, the sensitizer may include the first compound of the composition, the dopant may include the second compound of the composition, and the host may include the third compound of the composition.

[0459] The first electrode 210, the hole transport region 220, and the second electrode 290 illustrated in FIG. 3 are respectively the same as described in connection with the first electrode 11, the hole transport region 12, and the second electrode 19 illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0460] The first emission layer 251 and the second emission layer 252 illustrated in FIG. 3 are each the same as described in connection with the emission layer 15 illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0461] The electron transport region 270 illustrated in FIG. 3 may be the same as described in connection with the electron transport region 17 in FIG. 1.

[0462] As described above, referring to FIG. 3, an organic light-emitting device, in which each of the first emission layer 251 and the second emission layer 252 includes a host, a dopant, and a sensitizer, has been described. However, the organic light-emitting device may have various other forms. For example, one of the first emission layer 251 and the second emission layer 252 of the organic light-emitting device 200 of FIG. 3 may be replaced with any known emission layer, or an interlayer may be additionally located between neighboring emission layers.

Explanation of Terms

[0463] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isoamyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group.

[0464] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA.sub.101 (wherein A.sub.101 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group), and examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —SA.sub.101 (wherein A.sub.101 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group).

[0465] The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group.

[0466] The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethynyl group, and a propynyl group. The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group.

[0467] The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group.

[0468] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom that is N, O, P, Si, or S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group.

[0469] The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group.

[0470] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom that is N, O, P, Si, or S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. Examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group.

[0471] The term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group and the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

[0472] The term “C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group” as used herein refers to a C.sub.6-60 aryl group that is substituted with a C.sub.1-60 alkyl group. The term “C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group” as used herein refers to a C.sub.1-60 alkyl group that is substituted with a C.sub.6-60 aryl group.

[0473] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a heterocarbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom that is N, O, P, Si, or S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom that is N, O, P, Si, or S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group and the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

[0474] The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a C.sub.1-60 heteroaryl group that is substituted with a C.sub.1-60 alkyl group. The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group” as used herein refers to a C.sub.1-60 alkyl group that is substituted with a C.sub.1-60 heteroaryl group.

[0475] The term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group” as used herein indicates —OA.sub.102 (wherein A.sub.102 is the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group), and the term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group” as used herein indicates —SA.sub.103 (wherein A.sub.103 is the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group). The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group” as used herein indicates —OA.sub.104 (wherein A.sub.104 is the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group), and the term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group” as used herein indicates —SA.sub.105 (wherein A.sub.105 is the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group).

[0476] The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” used herein refers to a monovalent group in which two or more rings are condensed with each other, only carbon is used as a ring-forming atom (for example, the number of carbon atoms may be 8 to 60) and the whole molecule is a non-aromaticity group. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

[0477] The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings condensed to each other, a heteroatom that is N, O, P. Si, or S, other than carbon atoms (for example, having 1 to 60 carbon atoms), as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include a carbazolyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group.

[0478] The term “C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, 5 to 30 carbon atoms only. The C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group, and may be a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, tetravalent, pentavalent, or hexavalent group, depending on the formula structure.

[0479] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom that is N, O, P, Si, or S other than 1 to 30 carbon atoms. The C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group, and may be a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, tetravalent, pentavalent, or hexavalent group, depending on the formula structure.

[0480] At least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be:

[0481] deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group;

[0482] a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —Si(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), —B(Q.sub.16)(Q.sub.17), —P(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19)—, —P(═S)(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19);

[0483] a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium. —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —Si(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), —B(Q.sub.26)(Q.sub.27), —P(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), —P(═S)(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29); or

[0484] —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), —B(Q.sub.36)(Q.sub.37), P(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), —P(═S)(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.38)(Q.sub.39),

[0485] wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.9, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.19, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.29 and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.39 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group substituted with at least one of a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group or a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0486] The term “room temperature” used herein refers to a temperature of about 25° C.

[0487] The terms “a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a quaterphenyl group” as used herein respectively refer to monovalent groups in which two, three, or four phenyl groups which are linked together via a single bond.

[0488] The terms “a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, and a cyano-containing quaterphenyl group” as used herein respectively refer to a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a quaterphenyl group, each of which is substituted with at least one cyano group. In “a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, and a cyano-containing quaterphenyl group”, a cyano group may be substituted to any position of the corresponding group, and the “cyano-containing phenyl group, the cyano-containing biphenyl group, the cyano-containing terphenyl group, and the cyano-containing quaterphenyl group” may further include substituents other than a cyano group. For example, a phenyl group substituted with a cyano group, and a phenyl group substituted with a cyano group and a methyl group may all belong to “a cyano-containing phenyl group.”

[0489] Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device according to one or more exemplary embodiments are described in further detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples. However, the organic light-emitting device is not limited thereto. The wording ‘“B’ was used instead of ‘A”’ used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an amount of ‘A’ used was identical to an amount of ‘B’ used, in terms of a molar equivalent.

EXAMPLES

Example 1-1

[0490] An ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of 50 millimeters (mm)×50 mm×0.5 mm and then, sonicated in acetone isopropyl alcohol and deionized (DI) water, each for 15 minutes, and then, cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light and ozone for 30 minutes.

[0491] Subsequently, F6-TCNNQ was deposited on the ITO electrode (anode) on the glass substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 100 Å, and HT1 was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 1260 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of a hole transport region

[0492] Compound H-H104 (hereinafter referred to as H-H1 ((first host), Compound 57 of Group HE4 (hereinafter referred to as H-E1)(second host), Compound SP001(sensitizer)(where the weight ratio of the first host, the second host, and the sensitizer is 45:45:10), and FD1(dopant)(where the amount of the dopant is 0.1 weight percent (wt %) based on the total weight of the first host, the second host, the sensitizer, and the dopant) were co-deposited on the hole transport region to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å.

[0493] Compound ET17 and Liq were co-deposited at the weight ratio of 5:5 on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 360 Å, and then, LiQ was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 5 Å, and Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 800 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

##STR01602##

Examples 1-2 to 1-3, Examples 2-1 to 2-3, Example 3-1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3, Comparative Example 3, and Comparative Example 3-1

[0494] Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that, in forming an emission layer, for use as a sensitizer and a dopant, the compounds and amounts shown in Table 7 were used.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Dopant Second amount First host host Sensitizer Dopant (wt %) Comparative H-H1 H-E1 SP001 — — Example 1 Example 1-1 H-H1 H-E1 SP001 FD1 0.1 Example 1-2 H-H1 H-E1 SP001 FD1 0.5 Example 1-3 H-H1 H-E1 SP001 FD1 1.5 Comparative H-H1 H-E1 SP001 FD-A 0.1 Example 1-1 Comparative H-H1 H-E1 SP001 FD-A 0.5 Example 1-2 Comparative H-H1 H-E1 SP001 FD-A 1.5 Example 1-3 Comparative H-H1 H-E1 SP002 — — Example 2 Example 2-1 H-H1 H-E1 SP002 FD1 0.1 Example 2-2 H-H1 H-E1 SP002 FD1 0.5 Example 2-3 H-H1 H-E1 SP002 FD1 1.5 Comparative H-H1 H-E1 SP002 FD-A 0.1 Example 2-1 Comparative H-H1 H-E1 SP002 FD-A 0.5 Example 2-2 Comparative H-H1 H-E1 SP002 FD-A 1.5 Example 2-3 Comparative H-H1 H-E1 SP003 — — Example 3 Example 3-1 H-H1 H-E1 SP003 FD2 1.5 Comparative H-H1 H-E1 SP003 FD-B 1.5 Example 3-1 [01603][01604][01605][01606][01607][01608]

Evaluation Example 1. ΔE.SUB.ST .of Compounds SP002 and SP003

[0495] The S1 and T.sub.1 energy levels of the compounds SP002 and SP003 were measured according to the method described in Table 8, and the results are shown in Table 9

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 T1 Energy Put a mixture of toluene and each compound (dissolve Level each compound to a concentration of 1 × 10−4 M in 3 mL Assessment of toluene) into a quartz cell, add liquid nitrogen (77 K), Method and use a photoluminescence measuring instrument to detect photoluminescence. The onset T1 energy level is calculated by measuring the spectrum and comparing it with the normal room temperature photoluminescence spectrum and analyzing only the peak observed only at low temperature. S1 Energy The onset S1 energy level was calculated by measuring the Level photoluminescence spectrum of a mixture of toluene and Assessment each compound (diluted to a concentration of 1 × 10−4 M) Method at room temperature using a photoluminescence measuring instrument and analyzing the observed peak.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Compound ΔE.sub.ST (peak reference) ΔE.sub.ST (onset reference) SP002  0.11 eV 0.15 eV SP003 0.329 eV  0.4 eV

Evaluation Example 2: Measurement of OLED Lifespan and External Quantum Efficiency

[0496] (1) For each of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Comparative Example 1, Examples 1-1 to 1-3, and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3, external quantum efficiency (EQE) and lifespan were evaluated. Results thereof are shown in FIGS. 4 to 7.

[0497] First, referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, in the case of Examples 1-1 to 1-3, some of the triplet excitons generated in SP001, which is a phosphorescent sensitizer, were lost by FD1, and the efficiency was slightly reduced compared to Comparative Example 1. However, the lifespan thereof was significantly increased.

[0498] On the other hand, referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, in the case of Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3, even compared to Examples 1-1 to 1-3 in which the same amount of dopant was included, the reduction in external quantum efficiency was remarkable, and rather, the lifespan was significantly reduced compared to Comparative Example 1. This is because triplet excitons generated in SP001 through dexter energy transfer are transferred to FD-A, and thus, do not contribute to light emission, and deteriorate due to non-radiative decay.

[0499] (2) For each of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Comparative Example 2, Examples 2-1 to 2-3, and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3, external quantum efficiency (EQE) and lifespan were evaluated. Results thereof are shown in FIGS. 8 to 11.

[0500] First, referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, in the case of Examples 2-1 to 2-3, some of the triplet excitons generated in SP002, which is a TADF sensitizer, was lost by FD1, and the efficiency was slightly reduced compared to Comparative Example 2 However, the lifespan thereof was significantly increased.

[0501] On the other hand, referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, in the case of Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3, even compared to Examples 2-1 to 2-3 in which the same amount of dopant was included, the reduction in external quantum efficiency was remarkable, and rather, the lifespan was significantly reduced compared to Comparative Example 1. This is because triplet excitons generated in SP002 through dexter energy transfer are transferred to FD-A, and thus, do not contribute to light emission, and deteriorate due to non-radiative decay.

[0502] (3) For each of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Comparative Example 3, Example 3-1, and Comparative Example 3-1, external quantum efficiency (EQE) and lifespan were evaluated. Results thereof are shown in FIGS. 12 to 15.

[0503] First, referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, in the case of Example 3-1, although some of the triplet excitons generated in SP003, a TADF sensitizer, were lost by FD2, the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE.sub.max, %) was increased compared to Comparative Example 3. Furthermore, instead of minimizing TADF emission, FD2 fluorescence emission may occur, leading to a decrease in the lifespan of excitons. Accordingly, the efficiency roll-off is greatly improved, and at 1000 candela per square meter (cd/m.sup.2), which is the actual luminance, EQE was rather increased compared to Comparative Example 3, and as described above, the lifespan was significantly increased.

[0504] On the other hand, referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, in the case of Comparative Example 3-1, even compared to Example 3-1 in which the same amount of dopant was included, the external quantum efficiency was significantly decreased, and the increase in the lifespan compared to Comparative Example 3 was negligible compared to Example 3-1. This is because triplet excitons generated in SP002 through dexter energy transfer are transferred to FD-A, and thus, do not contribute to light emission, and deteriorate due to non-radiative decay.

Evaluation Example 3. HOD Measurement

[0505] (1) For Example 1-1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 1-1, a hole only device (HOD) was fabricated without stacking an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer on an emission layer.

[0506] For such a HOD device, a relative HOD value was measured by the method described herein. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 16

[0507] (2) For Example 2-1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 2-1, a HOD was fabricated in the same manner as in (1), and for such HOD devices, relative HOD values of the HOD devices were measured by the method substrate in this specification. The values are shown in FIG. 17.

[0508] Organic light-emitting devices according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure can have high efficiency and a long lifespan.

[0509] It should be understood that the exemplary embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each exemplary embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other exemplary embodiments. While one or more exemplary embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.