Abstract
A railroad tie (1) is manufactured from at least plastic (2), wherein an elongated reinforcing structure (3) is embedded in the plastic. The reinforcing structure in the longitudinal tie direction (L) is extending at least from and including at least a part of one (15) of the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments up to and including at least a part of the other (16) of the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments of the railroad tie. In the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments the railroad tie has a lower lateral stiffness than in an intermediate longitudinal tie segment (17), lying in-between the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments, which lower lateral stiffness is realized at least by change of shape of the elongated reinforcing structure in the longitudinal tie direction and/or by the range within which said reinforcing structure extends in the longitudinal tie direction.
Claims
1. A railroad tie for use in a railroad, which railroad tie is manufactured from at least plastic, and wherein an elongated reinforcing structure is embedded in the plastic, and which railroad tie has a reference condition, being an installed operation condition of the railroad tie, in which reference condition the longitudinal tie direction of the railroad tie and a rail track direction of the railroad, which rail track direction is perpendicular to the longitudinal tie direction, are each extending horizontally, wherein, as seen in said reference condition: the railroad tie has an upper side, which has two respective rail attachment areas, being mutually spaced apart in the longitudinal tie direction, and onto which two respective rails, extending mutually parallel in the rail track direction, are attachable by means of attachment means; the railroad tie has two respective rail supporting longitudinal tie segments, which are situated vertically below the two respective rail attachment areas; and the elongated reinforcing structure extends into at least a part of each of the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments; characterized in that in the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments the railroad tie has a lower lateral stiffness than in an intermediate longitudinal tie segment, lying in-between the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments, which lower lateral stiffness is realized at least by change of shape of said reinforcing structure in the longitudinal tie direction and/or by the range within which said reinforcing structure extends in the longitudinal tie direction.
2. A railroad tie according to claim 1, wherein said reinforcing structure in at least one cross-section, as seen perpendicular to the longitudinal tie direction, of the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments occupies less surface area than in at least one cross-section, as seen perpendicular to the longitudinal tie direction, of said intermediate longitudinal tie segment.
3. A railroad tie according to claim 1, wherein at least one cross-section, as seen perpendicular to the longitudinal tie direction, of the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments is free from said reinforcing structure.
4. A railroad tie according to claim 1, wherein the railroad tie in at least one cross-section, as seen perpendicular to the longitudinal tie direction, of the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments has a larger shortest distance between the upper side of the railroad tie and the uppermost part, as seen in said reference condition of the railroad tie, of said reinforcing structure, than in at least one cross-section, as seen perpendicular to the longitudinal tie direction, of said intermediate longitudinal tie segment.
5. A railroad tie according to claim 1, wherein said lower lateral stiffness of the railroad tie is realized in that in at least one cross-section, as seen perpendicular to the longitudinal tie direction, of the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments the elongated reinforcing structure, when viewed apart, has a lower lateral stiffness than in at least one cross-section, as seen perpendicular to the longitudinal tie direction, of said intermediate longitudinal tie segment.
6. A railroad tie according to claim 1, wherein, as seen in said reference condition, the elongated reinforcing structure comprises at least one assembly, which assembly comprises at least two reinforcement bars, which are extending in the longitudinal tie direction, and which are directly and/or via material of the reinforcing structure connected to one another, and of which a first reinforcement bar along at least a part of the longitudinal tie direction is lying higher in the railroad tie than a second reinforcement bar thereof.
7. A railroad comprising at least one railroad tie according to claim 1, as well as at least two respective rails, which are extending mutually parallel in the rail track direction, wherein the two rails are attached onto the two respective rail attachment areas.
Description
(1) In the following, the invention is further elucidated with reference to the schematic Figures in the attached drawing.
(2) FIG. 1 shows, in a perspective view, an example of an embodiment of a railroad tie according to the invention.
(3) FIG. 2A shows, in a perspective view, an example of an embodiment of an elongated reinforcing structure for the railroad tie of FIG. 1.
(4) FIG. 2B shows the railroad tie of FIG. 1 in a vertical longitudinal mid-section of the railroad tie, wherein the railroad tie comprises the reinforcing structure of FIG. 2A.
(5) FIG. 3A shows, in a perspective view, an example of an alternative embodiment of an elongated reinforcing structure for the railroad tie of FIG. 1.
(6) FIG. 3B shows the reinforcing structure of FIG. 3A in side view.
(7) FIG. 4A shows, in a perspective view, an example of another alternative embodiment of an elongated reinforcing structure for the railroad tie of FIG. 1.
(8) FIG. 4B shows the reinforcing structure of FIG. 4A in side view.
(9) FIG. 5A shows, in a perspective view, an example of yet another alternative embodiment of an elongated reinforcing structure for a railroad tie according to the invention.
(10) FIG. 5B shows the reinforcing structure of FIG. 5A in side view.
(11) FIG. 6A shows, in a perspective view, an example of yet another alternative embodiment of an elongated reinforcing structure for the railroad tie of FIG. 1.
(12) FIG. 6B shows the railroad tie of FIG. 1 in a vertical longitudinal mid-section of the railroad tie, wherein the railroad tie comprises the reinforcing structure of FIG. 6A.
(13) For the railroad tie 1 shown in FIG. 1 the longitudinal tie direction is indicated with reference sign L. The corresponding rail track direction is indicated with reference sign S. In FIG. 1 the perspective view is, amongst others, onto the upper side 4 of the railroad tie. The two rail attachment areas of this upper side 4 are indicated with reference numerals 5 and 6. As can be seen in FIG. 2B, rails 7 and 8 can be attached to these rail attachment areas 5 and 6 by means of attachment means 27 and 28 (such as for example the well-known tie plates).
(14) The rail supporting longitudinal tie segments of the railroad tie 1, which segments are situated vertically below the two rail attachment areas 5 and 6, are indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2B with reference numerals 15 and 16. The intermediate longitudinal tie segment 17 of the railroad tie 1 is extending in-between the longitudinal segments 15 and 16.
(15) It is remarked that, in the shown example, the railroad tie 1 is substantially symmetrically shaped, both relative to its vertical longitudinal mid-section (perpendicular to the rail track direction S), and relative to its vertical transverse mid-section (perpendicular to the longitudinal tie direction L). In FIG. 1 it is seen that in this example the railroad tie 1 has a number of recessed spaces, of which two are indicated with reference numeral 18. These recessed spaces 18 are situated in the intermediate longitudinal tie segment 17. In-between these two recessed spaces 18 the railroad tie has in its intermediate longitudinal tie segment 17 an upright ridge 19, which extends in the longitudinal tie direction L.
(16) The reinforcing structure 3, shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, which is embedded in the plastic 2 of the railroad tie 1, is an assembly of two reinforcement bars 21 and 22, which are extending in the longitudinal tie direction L. The reinforcement bar 21 has a buckle in its middle and is connected, at end parts near its ends, with end parts near the ends of the reinforcement bar 22, which is straight. These connections may for example be welded connections. The reinforcement bar 21 is situated higher in the railroad tie than the reinforcement bar 22. For a large part of its length, the reinforcement bar 21 is lying in the upright ridge 19 of the railroad tie 1, where it is embedded in the plastic 2.
(17) In FIG. 2B it is seen that the reinforcing structure 3 in the longitudinal tie direction L is at least extending from and including a part of the rail supporting longitudinal tie segment 15 up to and including a part of the rail supporting longitudinal tie segment 16. Further it is seen that the shape of the reinforcing structure 3 varies in the longitudinal tie direction L. In this respect it is for example seen that the distance between the reinforcement bars 21 and 22, as seen perpendicularly to the longitudinal tie direction L, in the middle of the length of the reinforcing structure 3 is larger than near the longitudinal ends of the reinforcing structure 3.
(18) As a consequence of this shown configuration of the reinforcing structure 3 in the railroad tie 1, the railroad tie 1 has in the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments 15 and 16 a lower lateral stiffness than in the intermediate longitudinal tie segment 17 of the railroad tie. After all, in the longitudinal segments 15 and 16 the lateral stiffness of the railroad tie 1 is determined to a much more important extent by the plastic 2, than in the intermediate longitudinal tie segment 17, while the plastic 2 has a lower lateral stiffness than the reinforcing structure 3.
(19) The reinforcing structure 3 being embedded in this way in the plastic 2 provides a good resistance against bending of the railroad tie 1 under influence of the forces exerted onto the railroad tie, which forces are coming from both rails 7 and 8. As a consequence of the locally lower lateral stiffness in the two rail supporting longitudinal tie segments 15 and 16, the dynamical forces, coming from both rails, exerted onto the railroad tie are effectively damped.
(20) In the example of FIG. 2B the lower lateral stiffness of the railroad tie 1 in its longitudinal segments 15 and 16 has been achieved in multiple ways.
(21) In the first place, it can be derived particularly from FIG. 2B that the reinforcing structure 3 in some cross-sections (perpendicular to the longitudinal tie direction L) of the two longitudinal segments 15 and 16 occupies less surface area than in such cross-sections of the intermediate longitudinal tie segment 17. More precisely, this applies to those cross-sections of the two longitudinal segments 15 and 16, in which of the reinforcing structure 3 only the lower reinforcement bar 22 is seen, not the upper reinforcement bar 21. The two longitudinal segments 15 and 16 therefore have longitudinal sub-segments in which per unit of length in the longitudinal tie direction L less material of the reinforcing structure 3 is present than in the intermediate longitudinal tie segment 17.
(22) In the second place, it can be derived particularly from FIG. 2B that the elongated reinforcing structure 3, as seen in the longitudinal tie direction L, ends within the longitudinal segments 15 and 16. In other words, the railroad tie 1 in some cross-sections (perpendicular to the longitudinal tie direction L) of the two longitudinal segments 15 and 16 is fully free from the reinforcing structure 3. The two longitudinal segments 15 and 16 therefore have longitudinal sub-segments in which per unit of length in the longitudinal tie direction L no material of the reinforcing structure 3 is present at all. In the last mentioned longitudinal sub-segments the lateral stiffness of the railroad tie 1 is therefore fully determined by the low lateral stiffness of the plastic 2. In this example, the lower lateral stiffness of the railroad tie 1 in the two longitudinal segments 15 and 16 is therefore in fact also realized by the range in which the reinforcing structure 3 extends in the longitudinal tie direction L. In this respect it is remarked that said lower lateral stiffness of the railroad tie 1 in the two longitudinal segments 15 and 16 in alternative embodiments can also be realized if in such alternative embodiments the reinforcing structure is only formed by the reinforcement bar 21, or only formed by the reinforcement bar 22.
(23) In the third place it can be derived particularly from FIG. 2B that in the cross-sections (perpendicular to the longitudinal tie direction L) of the two longitudinal segments 15 and 16, in which space is occupied by the reinforcing structure 3, the shortest distance between the upper side 4 of the railroad tie 1 and the upper part of the reinforcing structure 3 is larger than in similar cross-sections of the intermediate longitudinal tie segment 17. The two longitudinal segments 15 and 16 therefore have longitudinal sub-segments in which a larger amount of plastic material is present between the upper side 4 of the railroad tie 1 and the upper part of the reinforcing structure 3.
(24) FIGS. 3A and 3B show a reinforcing structure 103 comprising reinforcement bars 121 and 122 which are identical to the reinforcement bars 21 and 22 of the reinforcing structure 3 of FIGS. 2A and 2B. The reinforcing structure 103 can be applied in the railroad tie 1 of FIG. 1 in a similar manner as the reinforcing structure 3. For that purpose, the longitudinal tie direction L has been indicated in FIGS. 3A and 3B. The only difference with the reinforcing structure 3 of FIGS. 2A and 2B is that the reinforcing structure 103 comprises an additional reinforcement bar 123, which connects the reinforcement bars 121 and 122 to one another, for example in that the additional reinforcement bar 123 with its ends is welded to the reinforcement bars 121 and 122. Due to the additional reinforcement bar 123 the reinforcing structure 103 is more stiff than the reinforcing structure 3, which can be desirable for some railroad ties. An advantage of the additional reinforcement bar 123 also is that during the manufacturing of the railroad tie, by means of for example injection moulding, the reinforcing structure 103 can deform less than the reinforcing structure 3 under influence of shrinkage of the plastic 2 during cooling of the plastic 2.
(25) FIGS. 4A and 4B show a reinforcing structure 203 comprising reinforcement bars 221 and 222, each of which by itself being similar to the reinforcement bar 21 of the reinforcing structure 3 of FIGS. 2A and 2B. That is, each of the bars 221 and 222 has the same length as that of the bar 21 and is buckled in its middle, be it with a smaller buckle angle than that of the bar 21. The bars 221 and 222 are connected as mutual mirror images to one another via their longitudinal ends, for example by means of weld connections. The reinforcing structure 203 can be applied in the railroad tie 1 of FIG. 1 in a similar manner as the reinforcing structure 3. For that purpose, the longitudinal tie direction L has been indicated in FIGS. 4A and 4B. If applied in this manner in the railroad tie 1, and as compared with reinforcing structure 3 applied in the railroad tie 1, for the reinforcing structure 203 there therefore is in longitudinal sub-segments of the two longitudinal segments 15 and 16 more plastic material present between the bottom side of the railroad tie and the lower part of the reinforcing structure. Such a situation can in some applications of railroad ties provide a further improved damping behaviour, for example when using railroad ties on a very hard underground (for example use on concrete, steel, etc., as opposed to use on/in a ballast bed being less hard). It is remarked that, if desired, also the reinforcing structure 203 can comprise an additional reinforcement bar, which connects the reinforcement bars 221 and 222 with one another, in a similar manner as in FIGS. 3A and 3B the additional reinforcement bar 123 connects the reinforcement bars 121 and 122 with one another.
(26) FIGS. 5A and 5B show a reinforcing structure 303 comprising reinforcement bars 321, 322, 324 and 325. The bars 321 and 322 are connected to one another via their longitudinal ends, for example by means of welding. Also the bars 324 and 325 are connected to one another via their longitudinal ends, for example by means of welding. Furthermore, the interconnected bars 321 and 322 are placed as mirror image relative to the interconnected bars 324 and 325. The reinforcing structure 303 can be applied in a similar manner as the reinforcing structure 3 in a railroad tie similar to the railroad tie 1 of FIG. 1. For that purpose, the longitudinal tie direction L has been indicated in FIGS. 5A and 5B. Optionally the interconnected bars 321 and 322 can be connected to the interconnected bars 324 and 325, for example by means of welding. The connections between the interconnected bars 321 and 322 and the interconnected bars 324 and 325 can for example be realized via upper parts of the bars 321 and 324 and/or via (not shown) additional connection parts of the reinforcing structure 303 between lower parts of the interconnected bars 321 and 322 and lower parts of the interconnected bars 324 and 325. It is, however, remarked that reducing or omitting such connections between the interconnected bars 321 and 322 and the interconnected bars 324 and 325 will improve the damping behaviour of the concerning railroad tie.
(27) FIGS. 6A and 6B show a reinforcing structure 403, which in FIG. 6B is applied in the railroad tie of FIG. 1. For that purpose, the longitudinal tie direction L has been indicated in FIGS. 6A and 6B. This railroad tie is, because of this alternative reinforcing structure 403, indicated here with another reference numeral, i.e. reference numeral 401. Furthermore, in FIG. 6B the plastic of the railroad tie 401 is indicated again by the reference numeral 2, and the rails are indicated again with the numbers 7 and 8. The reinforcing structure 403 provides similar advantages as explained above in relation to FIGS. 2A, 2B and 3A, 3B. A difference, however, is that the reinforcing structure 403 does not comprise interconnected reinforcement bars, but instead is formed by a plate-shaped reinforcement part 421, for example a steel plate. The plate-shaped reinforcement part 421 has a number of passageways in the rail track direction, in this case the passageways 422, 423 and 424. In these passageways the plastic 2 is present.
(28) It is remarked that the abovementioned examples of embodiments of the invention do not limit the invention, and that various alternatives are possible within the scope of the appended claims.
(29) For example, the railroad tie can be manufactured from various kinds of plastic, whether or not being recycled, and whether or not using various kinds of additives thereto. For example, the plastic can be a polyethylene.
(30) Also, the reinforcing structures embedded in the plastic can be of various kinds of materials, such as various metals or metal alloys, steel, etcetera, but also various other kinds of construction materials, such as various construction plastics which have a higher lateral stiffness than the plastic in which the reinforcing structures are embedded. If the reinforcing structures comprise reinforcement bars, these bars can have various kinds of shapes. For example, the bars can have round, oval, polygonal, or many otherwise shaped cross-sections. Also, the reinforcing structures can have various non-flat surfaces for obtaining an improved force transmittal between the reinforcing structures and the plastic in which the reinforcing structures are embedded.
(31) Furthermore, various variations are possible in the shapes and dimensions of the railroad tie. For example, the railroad tie can have various kinds of recessed spaces in all possible sides of the railroad tie, but the railroad tie can also be realized without any such recessed space.
(32) Furthermore it is remarked that in the shown examples the reinforcing structures extend from the intermediate longitudinal tie segment to both sides thereof not farther in the longitudinal tie direction than within the rail supporting longitudinal tie segments. However, it is also possible that the reinforcing structures extend from the intermediate longitudinal tie segment to both sides thereof farther than within the rail supporting longitudinal tie segments, that is to say beyond the rail supporting longitudinal tie segments in the direction of the longitudinal ends of the railroad tie.
(33) However, other variations and/or modifications are also possible. These and similar alternatives are deemed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
