FUEL SYSTEM FOR A SPARK IGNITION ENGINE

Abstract

Method of supplying a spark-ignition internal combustion engine is provided. The method includes a mixing procedure, on board the vehicle, of methane and hydrogen and in which a ratio between methane and hydrogen is determined at least as a function of a methane quality. A spark ignition internal combustion engine includes at least one cylinder having an intake manifold and at least one methane and hydrogen injection device.

Claims

1. A fueling method of a spark-ignition internal combustion engine comprising a mixing procedure, on board a vehicle, of methane and hydrogen, wherein a ratio between methane and hydrogen is determined at least as a function of methane quality.

2. The fueling method according to claim 1, further comprising a preliminary methane quality analysis procedure.

3. The fueling method according to claim 2, wherein the preliminary methane quality analysis procedure is performed by a sensor.

4. The fueling method according to claim 2, wherein the preliminary methane quality analysis procedure is carried out by means of a variation procedure for varying fuel supply parameters of the spark-ignition internal combustion engine and a consequent analysis of a gaseous species contained in exhaust gases produced as a result of the variation procedure.

5. The fueling method according to claim 4, wherein the preliminary methane quality analysis procedure comprises a step of inhibiting an injection of hydrogen for an entire duration of the preliminary methane quality analysis procedure.

6. The fueling method according to claim 1, wherein the mixing procedure is further a function of at least one operating parameter of the spark-ignition internal combustion engine.

7. The fueling method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio between methane and hydrogen is enriched in hydrogen at least under one of the following operating conditions: 1) at a low idle comprising a minimum idle 2) in cruising conditions with a torque delivery lower than a pre-set percentage comprising 35% of a maximum deliverable torque, 3) in conditions of intake air and/or engine coolant temperature below a predetermined temperature threshold.

8. A spark ignition internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder having an intake manifold and at least one methane and hydrogen injection device operatively connected with the intake manifold and a processing unit configured to control the methane and hydrogen injection device to mix, on board a vehicle, methane and hydrogen according to a ratio between methane and hydrogen determined at least as a function of a methane quality.

9. The spark ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 8, further comprising means for a preliminary analysis of the methane quality.

10. The spark ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 9, wherein the preliminary analysis comprises a methane quality analysis sensor, or is integrated in the processing unit, wherein the processing unit is configured to vary at least one first engine operating parameter and to observe at least one second engine operating parameter to estimate the methane quality.

11. The spark ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 10, wherein the processing unit are configured to enrich in hydrogen at least under one of the following operating conditions: 1) at a low idle comprising a minimum idle 2) in cruising conditions with a torque delivery lower than a pre-set percentage comprising 35% of a maximum deliverable torque, 3) in conditions of intake air and/or engine coolant temperature below a predetermined temperature threshold.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the detailed description that follows of an embodiment of the same (and of its variants) and from the annexed drawings given for purely explanatory and non-limiting purposes, in which:

[0043] FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a multi-species injection device respectively according to a side view and according to a longitudinal section according to a lying plane;

[0044] in FIG. 3 there is shown a group of multi-species injection devices associated together to be connected to a positive ignition internal combustion engine;

[0045] in FIG. 4 shows an example of a method object of the present invention;

[0046] FIG. 5 shows a spark ignition engine implementing a device according to FIGS. 1-3.

[0047] The same reference numbers and letters in the figures identify the same elements or components or functions.

[0048] It should also be noted that the terms first, second, third, superior, inferior and the like may be used herein to distinguish various items. These terms do not imply a spatial, sequential, or hierarchical order for the modified items unless specifically indicated or inferred from the description.

[0049] The elements and characteristics illustrated in the various preferred embodiments, including the drawings, can be combined with each other without however departing from the scope of protection of the present application as described below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0050] FIG. 1 shows an example of a multi-species injection MJ device according to the present invention. In particular, it is configured for the injection of two different gaseous species.

[0051] It comprises a pair of injectors J1, J2 associated together so as to produce a hydromethane mixture directly on board the vehicle during its combustion.

[0052] In other words, the blend produced is in no way stored for later use. The mixture produced is injected directly into the intake manifold of a cylinder during its operation, in order to burn it.

[0053] It is also worth noting that an injector cannot be confused with a simple valve, as the injector is responsible for dosing the fuel over time, also making multiple injections in the same engine power cycle. In fact, a simple valve does not have the characteristics to open and close as quickly as an injector. Evidently, the engine also sucks air as a combustive agent.

[0054] The first injector J1 is arranged to inject methane in gaseous form, while the second injector J2 is arranged to inject hydrogen in gaseous form.

[0055] According to the present invention, the hydromethane mixture is varied according to the operating conditions of the engine and preferably according to the characteristics of the methane.

[0056] It is known that methane has an equivalent octane number closely related to the composition of the distributed methane.

[0057] Therefore, according to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the processing unit arranged to control the operation of the multi-species injector and of the internal combustion engine in general, is configured to mix the two species according to a methane quality.

[0058] It is, therefore, configured to perform an analysis procedure A of the quality of the methane and subsequently to determine R a ratio between the two species as a function of at least the quality of the methane, see FIG. 4.

[0059] Hydrogen is known to help improve combustion. It is also known that pure methane does not exist and that the presence of heavier hydrocarbons (e.g. ethane, propane) and/or inert gases (e.g. N2, CO2) can lead to variations in its resistance to detonation.

[0060] It is worth highlighting that in the context of the present invention when we speak of a mixture we always refer to a mixture of hydrogen and methane, neglecting the fact that methane in itself represents a mixture of other species.

[0061] More preferably, it is further configured to determine a ratio between the two species also as a function of the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine.

[0062] For example, it can be foreseen to operate the internal combustion engine with a hydrogen-rich mixture: [0063] 1) at minimum (idle) [0064] 2) in cruising conditions with torque output lower than a pre-set percentage (e.g. 35%) of the maximum torque output, [0065] 3) in conditions of very cold intake air and/or still cold engine water.

[0066] Conversely, when the temperature of the engine and/or ambient air and/or the engine rotation speed exceeds a predetermined threshold, it is advantageous to limit the percentage of hydrogen so as to ensure an adequate average octane number.

[0067] The methane quality analysis procedure can include the inhibition of hydrogen injection until the end of the analysis procedure itself.

[0068] Preferably, the analysis procedure is triggered following a refueling of methane gas.

[0069] FIG. 4 shows a block CK for detecting the methane refueling event. Detection cycles on itself until a refueling procedure occurs. At the end of the determination of quality A of the methane, the diagram cycles again on block CK and at the same time calculates, step R, the ratio between the species.

[0070] Obviously, in relation to the percentage of injected hydrogen, the ignition times can be suitably varied taking into account the different composition of the mixture entering the engine.

[0071] The management of the species injected into the engine is performed by the ECU processing unit, which controls the internal combustion engine and its subsystems.

[0072] Preferably, the ratio between the species is a function not only of the quality of the methane, but also of at least one engine operating parameter such as, for example, cooling water temperature and engine rotation speed.

[0073] According to a preferred variant of the invention, the two injectors are associated together so as to inject the respective species into the common injection channel CMC, adapted to be operatively connected to the intake manifold of the relative cylinder.

[0074] As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, each injector J1 and J2 defines a development axis, respectively X and Y, so that the development axis of the first injector J1 is incident with the development axis of the second injector J2, defining a configuration V-shaped. More specifically, according to a preferred variant of the invention, the injectors define a Y-shaped configuration with the common injection channel CMC.

[0075] Preferably, the angle between the X-axis and the Y-axis is between 10 and 90.

[0076] At the free ends of the V configuration there are electrical connectors CN1 and CN2, which allow to independently control the operation of the respective injectors J1 and J2, so as to obtain a mixture which varies over time.

[0077] The common channel CMC can have any shape. It is connected to injectors J1 and J2 at the vertex defined by the point of incidence of straight lines X and Y. It can have a straight or curved shape. Preferably, it has a rectilinear shape and the relative development axis is the bisector of the angle identified by the intersection of the X and Y axes.

[0078] However, the development axis Z of the common channel CMC can coincide with the X axis or with the Y axis.

[0079] If we consider a plane in which the X and Y axes lie, the Z axis of the common channel can also belong to the same plane or it can be incident with it.

[0080] According to a preferred variant of the invention, the common injection channel is made in a body, which is in one piece with the casings of the two injectors.

[0081] The common injection channel of the multi-species injection device can be associated directly with the relative intake manifold or by means of an optionally flexible extension.

[0082] With reference to FIG. 1, the body of the device MJ comprises a first port R1 and a second port R2 intended to be connected to respective distribution rails of the two types. The doors are perpendicular to the plane identified by the X and Y axes.

[0083] According to a preferred implementation of the invention, an internal combustion engine comprises at least one multi-species injection device. More particularly, the X and Y axes of the multi-species injection device locate a containment plane and in which the containment plane is perpendicular to or incident with a drive shaft of the internal combustion engine when operatively associated with the internal combustion engine.

[0084] Advantageously, the multi-species injection system allows not only to simplify the assembly of the internal combustion engine E exemplified in FIG. 5, but also allows to limit the overall dimensions of the injection system.

[0085] When the internal combustion engine comprises two or more cylinders arranged in line, the corresponding two or more multi-species injection systems are arranged so that the relative planes identified by the X and Y axes are parallel to each other.

[0086] This fact makes it possible to adopt two ducts (rails) for the distribution of the two fuels that are perfectly straight and arranged parallel to each other and to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine.

[0087] Variants of the non-limiting example described are possible, without however departing from the scope of protection of the present invention, including all equivalent embodiments for a person skilled in the art, to the contents of the claims.

[0088] From the description given above, the person skilled in the art is capable of realizing the object of the invention without introducing further constructive details.