Method for producing a contiguous ice body in a ground-freezing process

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a contiguous ice body in a ground region, wherein first cooling lances are inserted into the ground region in which the contiguous ice body is to be produced in the presence of a flow of a fluid flow medium flowing through the ground region, in particular in the form of groundwater, wherein a first coolant is introduced into the first cooling lances, and wherein furthermore at least one second cooling lance is introduced into the ground region on a side of the first cooling lances facing the flow and a second coolant, which has a temperature that is lower than the temperature of the first coolant, is introduced into the at least one second cooling lance in order to support the formation of a contiguous ice body that surrounds all of the cooling lances.

Claims

1. A method for producing a contiguous ice body in a ground region, comprising inserting first cooling lances into the ground region, in which the contiguous ice body should be produced in the presence of a flow of a fluidic flow medium flowing through the ground region, introducing a first refrigerant into the first cooling lances, and furthermore inserting at least one second cooling lance into the ground region on a side of the first cooling lances facing the flow and introducing a second refrigerant, which has a temperature that is lower than the temperature of the first refrigerant, into the at least one second cooling lance in order to promote the formation of a contiguous ice body enclosing all cooling lances.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in inserting several second cooling lances into the ground region on the side of the first cooling lances facing the flow and introducing the second refrigerant into the second cooling lances.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in simultaneously introducing the first refrigerant and the second refrigerant into the respective cooling lances.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in stopping or throttling the introducing of the second refrigerant into the at least one second cooling lance or the several second cooling lances after the production of the contiguous ice body.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first refrigerant is a brine.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second refrigerant is liquid nitrogen.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in inserting the first cooling lances into the ground region adjacent to one another along a plane in order to produce an ice body in the form of a pit wall.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in inserting the first cooling lances into the ground region adjacent to one another along a circumferential surface in order to produce an ice body in the form of a tunnel section.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in inserting the at least one second cooling lance or the several second cooling lances respectively into the ground region upstream of an assigned first cooling lance referred to a flow direction or flow, wherein the respective second cooling lance extends parallel to the assigned first cooling lance.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluidic flow medium is in the form of groundwater.

11. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the brine is a calcium chloride solution.

12. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the first cooling lances are parallel to one another.

13. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the first cooling lances are parallel to one another.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Other characteristics and advantages of the invention are elucidated in the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures.

(2) In these figures:

(3) FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a system for carrying out the inventive method;

(4) FIG. 2 shows the production of a contiguous ice body in the form of a plane wall (e.g. a pit wall with brine cooling at a diminishing groundwater flow (left), as well as at a groundwater flow around V=2 m/day that prevents the formation of a contiguous ice body due to a nozzle effect (right);

(5) FIG. 3 snows a schematic illustration of the inventive production of a contiguous ice body, particularly in the form of a plane wall (e.g. a pit wall);

(6) FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of the production of a contiguous hollow-cylindrical ice body with brine cooling at a vanishing groundwater flow (left), as well as at a groundwater flow around V=2 m/day that prevents the formation of a contiguous ice body due to a nozzle effect (right); and

(7) FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of the inventive production of a contiguous hollow-cylindrical ice body (e.g. a tunnel section).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(8) FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an inventive system and an inventive method for producing a contiguous ice body or frost body 100, 200 of the type illustrated, e.g., in FIGS. 3 and 5.

(9) Referred to a flow in the form of a groundwater flow in a flow direction S, at least one second cooling lance 20, into which a second refrigerant T in the form of liquid nitrogen is introduced, is arranged upstream of first cooling lances 10 inserted into the ground region 1, into which a first refrigerant T in the form of a brine solution (e.g. CaCl.sub.2) is introduced (these first cooling lances may be inserted into the ground region 1 vertically, as well as horizontally). In an initial freezing phase, during which the contiguous ice body 100, 200 is produced in the ground region 1, the first and the second refrigerant T, T are simultaneously introduced into the corresponding assigned cooling lances 10, 20. After the formation of the contiguous ice body 100, 200, the flow of the second refrigerant T (e.g. liquid nitrogen) can be throttled or completely stopped.

(10) In said brine cooling system, the first refrigerant T is introduced into inner tubes 11 of the first cooling lances 10, which are respectively arranged coaxial in an assigned outer tube 13. In this case, the first refrigerant T flows through the respective inner tube 11 until it reaches an opening 12 of the inner tube 11, which lies opposite of an end wall 14 of the respective outer tube 13, is discharged from the respective opening 12 and then flows back in the outer tube 13 surrounding the respective inner tube 11. During this process, the first refrigerant T cools the surrounding ground region 1 due to indirect heat transfer and is subsequently fed into a refrigerant circuit 30, in which the heated first refrigerant T is pumped through a heat exchanger 32 by means of a pump 31, after it was discharged from the respective outer tube 13. In this heat exchanger, the first refrigerant T is cooled by means of a coolant K (e.g. ammonia or COM) circulating in a coolant circuit 33 and then once again introduced into the inner tubes 11 of the first cooling lances 10.

(11) During this process, the gaseous coolant K is heated, compressed in a compressor 34, then cooled once again in a condenser 36 that is thermally coupled to a cooling water circuit 37 and ultimately expanded by means of a throttle 35 and liquefied. This liquid coolant K once again flows into the heat exchanger 32 or evaporator 32 and cools the first refrigerant T therein while it evaporates.

(12) The second cooling lances 12 are preferably realized like the first cooling lances 10, wherein a second refrigerant T in the form of liquid nitrogen is in this case introduced into the respective inner tube 21 from a liquid nitrogen tank 40, discharged from the respective opening 22, which lies opposite of the end wall 24 of the respective outer tube 23, and then flows back in the respective outer tube 23. During this process, the second refrigerant T evaporates while it cools the ground region 1, wherein the gaseous phase is discharged from the outer tubes 23 of the second cooling lances 20 and, e.g., subsequently discarded.

(13) At groundwater flow velocities V above 2 m/day, brine cooling alone no longer makes it possible to produce a contiguous ice body 100, which encloses all first cooling lances 10 as illustrated in FIG. 2 (left), with a parallel arrangement of first cooling lances 10 along a plane as illustrated in FIG. 2, namely due to a nozzle effect that occurs, in particular, in the center between adjacent first cooling lances 10 (at this location, the flow velocity V is substantially higher than 2 m/day due to the nozzle effect). In fact, a configuration, for example, with three non-contiguous ice bodies 101, 102, 103 is formed, in which a central ice body 102 only encloses a central first cooling lance 10.

(14) An inventive contiguous ice body 100 can also be produced in the ground region 1 (see FIG. 4) at a groundwater flow velocity of V=2 m/day with additional cooling by means of second cooling lances 20, into whichas described abovea second refrigerant T in the form of liquid nitrogen is introduced. For this purpose, the second cooling lances 20, especially three second cooling lances 20, are centrally arranged upstream of the first cooling lances 10 referred to the flow direction S, i.e. on the side 2 of the planned ice body 100 facing the flow, particularly at a distance of approximately 1 m from the plane defined by the first cooling lances 10. The clearance between the first cooling lances 10 preferably amounts to 0.8 m. The clearance between the second cooling lances 20 preferably amounts to 0.6 m to 1 m.

(15) FIG. 4 shows a phenomenon corresponding to FIG. 2 during the production of a hollow-cylindrical ice body 200. Although this ice body can be produced with brine cooling alone at a diminishing groundwater flow velocity, a nozzle effect once again occurs at a higher groundwater flow velocity around V=2 m/day, particularly between the central first cooling lances 10 on the side facing the flow or the windward side 2 of the cooling lance arrangement 10 and, although to a lesser extent, on the side facing away from the flow or the leeward side 3, if applicable. A potential non-contiguous configuration therefore would consist, e.g., of a plurality of non-contiguous and smaller central ice bodies 203 on the windward side 2 and the leeward side 3, as well as two larger flanking ice bodies 201, 202.

(16) According to FIG. 5, a contiguous ice body 200 can also be produced with a hollow-cylindrical configuration of the first cooling lances 10, namely with additional inventive cooling by introducing a second refrigerant T into second cooling lances 20 (see above), for example 5 second cooling lances 20 as shown, which once again are respectively arranged upstream of an assigned first cooling lance 10 referred to the flow direction S of the groundwater, particularly at a preferred distance of 1 m to 2 m from the cylinder surface defined by the first cooling lances 10 or from the respectively nearest opposite cooling lance 10. The clearance between the first cooling lances 10 once again preferably amounts to 0.8 m to 1.2 m. The clearance between the second cooling lances 20 preferably amounts to 0.8 m to 1.5 m.

(17) Clearances of 1.0 m generally are common or preferred for second cooling lances 20, into which nitrogen is introduced as second refrigerant T. Due to the substantially higher temperatures, clearances of 0.8 m are preferred for first cooling lances 10, into which brine is introduced as first refrigerant T. Lower values increase the expenditures and higher values prolong the freezing period. In non-symmetrical frost bodies or in symmetrical frost bodies, in which the cooling lances cannot be positioned symmetrically due to structural circumstances, the clearances of the respective cooling lances 10 and 20 naturally may also deviate among one another and from one another. Preferred clearances between the first and the second cooling lances respectively lie at 1.0 m for straight, wall-like ice bodies (see FIG. 3) and at 1.5 m for a circular cross section (see FIG. 5). In this case, the clearances may by all means be dependent on the geometry of the frost body 100, 200.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

(18) 1 Ground region 2 Side facing flow or windward side 3 Side facing away from flow or leeward side 10 First cooling lance 11 Inner tube 12 Opening 13 Outer tube 14 End wall 20 Second cooling lance 21 Inner tube 22 Opening 23 Outer tube 24 End wall 30 Refrigerant circuit 31 Pump 32 Heat exchanger 33 Coolant circuit 34 Compressor 35 Throttle 36 Condenser 37 Cooling water circuit 40 Liquid nitrogen tank T First refrigerant T Second refrigerant K. Coolant W Cooling water S Flow or flow direction